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Introduction
The dynamics of globalization are determined by the inequality of the stakeholders. Historical studies on the subject of globalization identify different stages of globalization. The first stage was discernible by the movement of capital and labor. The increase in trade resulted from the reduction of transportation costs and not from the formation of barrier-free trade. It was in this stage that Asia was in a position of superiority and China gave up control of the Indian Ocean as a regional trade pillar. This opened the Asian economies to interaction with Europe and developed the platform for modernization.
Main body
Marks’ revisionist view is that England’s dominance of the world economy was accidental. The concept of globalization is depicted as having resulted from the invasion of the Indian Ocean which was a crucial trade route in the early 1800s. Marks, the argument is that the expansion of Europe’s dominance resulted from the invasive and manipulative interaction with the Asian world. Globalization has accelerated the movement of resources and exploration of other lands. The invasion of the Indian Ocean was a foundation for the impending industrial revolution. By managing to invade China and the more resource productive lands in Asia, Europe would access the vast resources and ultimately propel itself to development.
Marks’ postulation of the concept of globalization aims to indicate the similarity in reliance of Asian economies on the Indian Ocean as a major mode of transport. This unity in reliance describes the development of interdependence of independent states. It is best exemplified by the political and economic dependence that is currently evident in the relations between Asia and Europe. Globalization is evidently accelerated by opening up borders and permitting the flow of currency.
Current economies have consolidated the aspects of globalization by creating free trade agreements and remonetization. This is similar to what China had initiated by remonetization of its currency in the early 1800s.
However, globalization remains a controversial issue. It is definite that globalization has resulted in faster communication and response to the crisis by aid workers. There is also the accelerated spread of medicine making health care readily available to people who could not afford them. The global job market has also benefited from a larger pool of employees. Antithetical views by antagonists of globalization cite the destruction of cultures by imposing foreign cultures on people.
Globalization has also reduced jobs in developed countries and caused deterioration in work conditions for workers in developing countries. In the historical development of modernization, globalization resulted in the declined economic status of Asia, India, and Arabian economies; they have been reduced to resource producers for more economically advanced countries.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Marks’ view of globalization centers so much on the Asian influence to the extent that it can be said to be an attempt to use a Sino/Asia centric approach to replace the Eurocentric approach. It is evident that globalization has promoted the emergence of comparative advantages to economically superior countries. There is currently an appraisal of comparative advantages in the exploitation of natural resources with economic value. Globalization is also noted to have resulted in exceptional prospects in non-economic areas. This includes the spread of culturally diverse values and the struggle to maintain cultural identity. It should be credited as it has broken the archaic structures of dominance and abuse of power.
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