Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy: Analysis of Health Care Policy

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Identify and discuss health policies that apply to the topic. (This requires approximately 600 words and is to be supported with evidence and in-text referencing).

Throughout this review on the health issue of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) explore and examine the policies and guidelines applied to the health problem. According to Mayo Clinic (2018) that Sudden infant death Syndrome does not yet have a treatment; however, they claim there are safe sleeping practices to reduce risk. According to New South Wales Government Health [NSW government health] (2018), the policy Babies – Safe Sleeping Practices (NSW government health 2018) provides staff in NSW Public Health Organisations (PHOs) guidelines to assist staff in reducing the risk of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) and SIDS. Within the policy’s guidelines, provides vital messages outlines for safe sleeping practices. The first key message is for babies to sleep on their backs and prevent side and tummy sleeping (NSW government health 2018). Babies – Safe Sleeping Practices (NSW government health 2018) guidelines also suggest that infants should sleep on their backs and prevention of prone and side sleeping for the reduction in risk to the child. According to Sidebotham et al. (2018), vital practices for safe sleeping to keep head and face uncovered, maintaining a smoke-free environment before and after the birth of the child. Within Babies – Safe Sleeping Practices (NSW government health 2018) guidelines hold the same suggestion for safe sleeping practices such as keeping face uncovered and keeping the smoke free environment (NSW government health 2018). There is a lot of evidenced backing breastfeeding babies for reducing SUDI, encouragement of mothers breastfeeding is implemented within the Babies – Safe Sleeping Practices (2018) guidelines. Jeffery (2018) suggests that to reduce the risk of SUDI and SIDS, mothers should be breastfeeding their babies. The practices provided by the policy are back with strong evidence-based literature. Therefore, it is relevant to the health issue and offers affective methods backed by evidence-based prevention strategies for the prevention of SIDS and SUDI.

The primary health care strategies can be based on supporting families and identifying risk factors for vulnerable families. In addition to Babies – Safe Sleeping Practices (NSW government health 2018) policy, linked between policy directive Maternal & Child Health Primary Health Care Policy (NSW government health 2018) supports and facilities staff and families identify risk factors through comprehensive primary assessment models (NSW government health 2018). The central linking aim of this policy is to keep families safe. Therefore, its scope is to identify potential risks such as unsafe sleeping practices with infants. An assessment is to be conducted within the policy which provides time stage assessments, this time staging is Antenatally, postnatally, six to eight-week checks. The purpose of these checks is to monitor health aspects that continue to assess physical, medical, psychosocial, and support networks that may lead to inadequate care of families. Therefore, in relating to SIDS, comprehensive primary health can identify risks that may lead to insufficient practices for safe sleep. Sidebotham et al. (2018) claim that identifying high-risk families and providing support can drastically reduce the risk of SUDI and SIDS. However, Sidebotham et al. also argue that the labelling of high-risk for intervention can be problematic. Such groups as single mothers and families in poverty can potentially lead to a disconnect with health care providers resulting in a marginalised and stigmatised population. The Maternal & Child Health Primary Health Care Policy (NSW Government Health 2018) is to guide staff to monitor and assess families, yet a has the potential to be negative. However, the central policies purpose is to identify risks and provide further support, such as reducing SIDS and SUDI.

Apply principles of health promotion, and primary health care relevant to the topic. (This requires approximately 250 words and to be supported with evidence and in-text referencing).

Health promotion regarding Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy, such organisations promote the awareness and assist the development of health policies such as Red Nose Australia. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion provides a foundation for health promotion, create supportive environments: Red Nose Australia employ this standard by the development and fundraising for family support. The promotion of SIDS/SUDI within Australia has developed a world-class research and funding as claimed by Red Nose Australia that the reduction of SIDS has reduced to 85% (Red Nose 2019). In addition, the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion suggests Build Healthy Public Policy: intern this has been achieved through NSW government health (2018), by implementing effective health policies that support staff and families affected by risks of SIDS and SUDI. The services within NSW health service continually promote strategies which are founded in evidenced-based. Therefore, SIDS and SUDI health promotion has effectively been applied by Red Nose Australia and effective policies within the public sector supporting health professionals and families. Another example of health promotion principle can be found with the Evidence-based approaches (NSW government health 2019), which is evident within SIDS/SUDI based policies and strategies. Such as the Babies – Safe Sleeping Practices (NSW government health 2018) applying evidence-based practices within the public health policy (NSW government health 2018). The principles for primary health care explore the fundamental factors in the intervention for successful health providing and determinations of the consumer (WHO 2019). The issue of SIDS and SUDI is widespread; however, the access ability to reach families that require the need for information and assistance can be detrimental. WHO (2019) indicates that one important principle of primary health is the ‘universal access to care and coverage on the basis of need.’. The Safe to Sleep campaign was started to cover the essential information and contact resources for families in need (NIH 2014).

Discuss how advocacy applies to the topic. (This requires approximately 200 words and to be supported with evidence and in-text referencing).

Advocacy is a fundamental providing care for the patient consumer; the role of the care provider is to ensure the treatment to the consumer is safe and well informed. Through this care, advocates are still required to be informed on cultural and spiritual differences to provide the appropriate needs to individuals about health issues (Mortell 2018). Regarding SIDS and SUDI advocacy, Sidebotham et al. (2018) claim that the act of providing information and access to resources ultimately is the foundation of advocacy for this issue. However, advocacy is also for the promotion of driving change and improvement within families that are in bereavement support and the funding for research into SIDS (Red Nose 2019). Furthermore, promoting and engaging advocates within the health care system is an essential aspect of advocating. Health care clinician support regards the education of SIDS for health professionals who are in contact with consumers is a necessary resource for providing the safe care needed that is required in the prevention and support for SIDS and SUDI (Jeffery 2018). Therefore, education for health professionals and consumers fundamentally is advocating for the client in need.

Apply the principles of equity, rights and access applicable to this health issue as relevant to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. (This requires approximately 450 words and to be supported with evidence in-text referencing)

In Australia, the Government commenced a campaign to rectify the issues inflicting the Aboriginal-indigenous and Torres Strait Islander health gap. Freemantle & Ellis (2018) reported that the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities require further strategies input for reducing the cause in SIDS and SUDI. Vulnerable populations within Australia are susceptible to poor access to health care with low attendance rates to General Practitioners and primary health care providers (Smith 2018). In review, the social justice framework had been introduced to improve the cultural and spiritual divide within western medicine healthcare and Indigenous practices. Therefore, the cultural differences and isolated aboriginal and Torres strait islander population creates challenges in providing health care. Social Justice framework refers to the universal principles such as Equity, Access, Participation and Rights of individuals (Smith 2018). A campaign such as Closing the Gap was introduced to achieve equality and reform the health status and life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Therefore, the bases of improving health status in the vulnerable populations were to resolve the issues of equity, access, participation and rights to the consumer (Australian Government 2013). Whereby working in partnership strategies, that provide a rights-based approach in providing equal opportunities, ensuring availability, quality and accessibility of services, therefore, disadvantaged populations can work towards better health status applying equal rights for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Red Nose (2018) inform that there remain an unacceptable higher rate of SIDS and SUDI within the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Therefore, specific safe sleeping programs were developed, such as the Keeping Bub Safe with a partnership with Indigenous communities that are relevant to the culture and further education.

Harvard References.

Australian Government 2013, NATIONAL ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER HEALTH PLAN 2013–2023, viewed 20th October 2019, https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/B92E980680486C3BCA257BF0001BAF01/$File/health-plan.pdf
Freemantle J, Ellis L. An Australian Perspective. In JR Duncan, RW Byard, SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future, eBook, Adelaide, pp. 1-4 chapter 16, viewed 20th October 2019, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513382/
Jeffery, HE 2018, ‘Future Directions in Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy Research’, In JR Duncan, RW Byard, SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future, eBook, Adelaide, pp. 1-6 chapter 14, viewed 17th October 2019, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513394/
Mayo Clinic 2018, Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), viewed 17th October 2019, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-infant-death-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352804
Mortell, M 2018, ‘A patient advocacy dilemma: Is it theory…practice… or an ethics gap? A qualitative analysis’, Singapore Nursing Journal, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 17–26, viewed 16th October 2019, http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.usc.edu.au:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=135629280&site=ehost-live
National Institutes of Health 2014, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Other Sleep-Related Causes of Infant Death: Questions and Answers for Health Care Providers, viewed 16th October 2019, https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/Documents/SIDS_QA_HealthCareProviders.pdf
New South Wales Government Health 2018, Babies – Safe Sleeping Practices, viewed 18th October 2019, https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments/PD2019_038.pdf
New South Wales Government Health 2018, Maternal & Child Health Primary Health Care Policy, viewed 17th October 2019, https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments/PD2010_017.pdf
Red Nose 2019, Advocacy, viewed 11th October 2019, https://rednose.org.au/page/advocacy
Red Nose 2018, Reducing the risk of SUDI in aboriginal communities, viewed 18th October 2019, https://rednose.org.au/page/reducing-the-risk-of-sudi-in-aboriginal-communities
Sidebotham P, Bates F, Ellis C 2018, ‘Preventive Strategies for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome’, in JR Duncan, RW Byard, SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future, eBook, Adelaide, pp. 1-8 chapter 12, viewed 17th October 2019, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513383/#_NBK513383_pubdet_
World Health Organisation 2019, The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, viewed 10th October 2019, https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/index1.html
World Health Organisation 2019, Chapter 7: Health Systems: principled integrated care, viewed 16th October 2019, https://www.who.int/whr/2003/chapter7/en/index1.html

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