Segregation in the South of the United States

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Table of Contents

Freedom Riders
Racial segregation at the end of the nineteenth century
Bibliography

Freedom Riders

The struggle against racial segregation in the United States reached its acme in the middle of the twentieth century; especially it is connected with advent of such organization as “Freedom Riders.” These people attempted to put an end to discrimination in Southern states of the country. Although some sociologists believe that some of their methods were rather violent, they were rather effective. First, “Freedom Riders” boycotted restaurants, coffee shops that promoted racial segregation. It was rather detrimental for large companies, because such acts of sabotage resulted in the loss of profits. Thus, they were forced to accommodate their services to the needs of various racial groups. In addition to that “Freedom Riders” managed to attract the governments attention to this matter. This civil rights organization, under the direction of Fred Shuttlesworth made a valuable contribution to bringing down racial segregation in the United States, especially in Southern States. They proved that discrimination is unprofitable for the government and for large companies (Arsenault, 76).

5 Specific Vocabulary Words Essential to understanding this topic (include people, events, and terms) and their meaning in the text material including page number:

Freedom Riders – a civil rights organization, which waged struggle against racial segregation in the United States, especially Southern states of the country (44)
Race group – a community of people, that are unified according to some visible trait, for example, skin color, hair textures or facial features. This concept is often mistakenly associate with the social status (2).
Racial Segregation – separation of people, acceding to their racial feature features. It is based on the belief that race and social status are interchangeable notions (12).
Fred Shuttlesworth- the leader of civil rights organization “Freedom Riders”. The person who proved that segregation is detrimental in terms of finance (88).
Discrimination – a belief that a prejudiced attitude of one person towards another, the most peculiar feature is that such behavior has actual basis (92).

Racial segregation at the end of the nineteenth century

Civil War in the United States put an end to slavery; however, African Americans were still deprived of civil rights, especially if we are speaking about Southern states of the country. In fact, African Americans were freed only de jure but not de facto, in particular we should mention that only Fifteenth Amendment gave universal suffrage to the citizens of the United States. (Altman, 36) Moreover, freed people did not actually possess any kind of unmovable property (land), which also increased their dependence on the dormer slave owners. We can also mention such organization as Ku Klux Klan or White League, which were mostly composed of former members of Confederate Army , who were obsessed with the idea of white supremacy (Ayers, p. 44). The segregation was also present in such sphere as education. For instance, many African-American were called illiterate and therefore these people did not have right to vote.

5 Specific Vocabulary Words Essential to understanding this topic (include people, events, and terms) and their meaning in the text material including page number:

Ku-Klux-Klan – former members of the Confederate Army, who struggle for white supremacy, particularly in the Sothern states(Altman, p. 41).
The Fifteenth Amendment- the legislative act, which grants every citizen a right to vote irrespective of his racial or ethnic belonging (Ayers, p. 31).
White League – military organization, founded in Louisiana, which struggled against African American (Ayers. p. 97)
Universal Suffrage – the law, according to which every person of the country has a right to vote (Ayers, p. 66)
Racial Segregation – separation of people, acceding to their racial feature features. It is based on the belief that race and social status are interchangeable notions (Altman, p. 13).

Bibliography

Edward L. Ayers. “The Promise of the New South: Life after Reconstruction”. Oxford University Press, 2004.
Linda Jacobs Altman. “The American Civil Rights Movement”. Palgrave, 2007.
Raymond Arsenault, “Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice’ Oxford University Press, 2006).

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Segregation in the South of the United States

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