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There are two types of cells found in all major and minor multicellular organisms – the prokaryote and eukaryote cells. The former is the more simplistic type of cell, which has its genetic material, cytoplasm, and ribosome particles all in one big cell, not divided by any internal walls or having any dedicated functions (Khan Academy, 2018). Eukaryote cells are different and inherently more complex, as they possess specialized compartments called organelles, which address the cell’s various needs.
The most important organelle in a eukaryote cell is the nucleus. It looks like a small nut, and its purpose is to house and protect the genetic material of the cell. It is separated from the rest of the internals by a membrane – something that is not found in a prokaryote cell. Other organelles include the mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and, finally, the lysosome and the peroxisome (Khan Academy, 2018). The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell – it converts glucose into ATP (Adenosine 5′-triphosphate), which is the principal molecule used for deriving energy (Khan Academy, 2018). The endoplasmic reticulum, which looks like a series of folds that comprise a singular membrane, is the primary site of protein synthesis. The Golgi apparatus is an organelle utilized for transporting protein to other parts of the cell, wherever it is needed (Khan Academy, 2018). Finally, the lysosome and the peroxisome are utilized to break down various elements within the cell’s body.
As it is possible to see, the organelles of a eukaryote cell vaguely resemble a more complex organism’s organs in terms of their basic functions. Some of them, like the Golgi apparatus and the mitochondria, could be roughly compared to the cardiovascular system and the stomach. The shadow of humanity’s own creation in these simple cells is truly fascinating to observe.
Reference
Khan Academy. (2018). Characteristics of eukaryotic cells.
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