Researching of Ubuntu Operating System (OS)

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Introduction

The Ubuntu operating system (OS) is a Linux-based OS that guarantees at least five years of long-term support (LTS) for a specific feature. Ren et al. (2018) imply that it is a safe, economical, and trustworthy open-source operating system. Furthermore, it is the most popular Linux distribution by a wide margin. Faster computing should consider incorporating it since the migration expense will be extremely low, its user interface is streamlined and straightforward, and it comes with pre-installed programs that will make the transfer process manageable. Its updates can be automatically or manually acquired by monitoring the various sources, as they are easily accessible over the internet. Therefore, this will meet Faster Computing’s need to benefit from hot-swap devices.

Security Implementation on the Linux System

Each Linux distribution, particularly Ubuntu, has a package of pre-installed software to meet business requirements. Mozilla Firefox, Opera, and Google Chrome are all accessible for Linux-based Windows installation browsers. Therefore, as much as Faster Computing, Inc. employs its search engine’s online profile interoperability feature, the transition will be automated. Immediately as it runs and logs into its current browser on Linux, everything will be just as it was in Windows. To obtain entry to a Linux-based desktop or server, a criminal with a black hat must get the authentication information. The system administrator can access all files and processes within the Linux architecture. The network admin has the read, write, and command permissions to edit any root filesystem data (Yaswinski et al., 2019). Other than individual and organization profiles, all other information is acknowledged as a file, making confidentiality extremely important since security begins with the implementation of the OS. The root identity must be encrypted, a non-root unique identifier, the gateway must be activated, and SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) must be permitted (Kuliamin et al., 2019). SELinux prevents a variety of security threats and implements access control and administration.

After installing an operating system or a program, the next priority is to regulate the directory’s accessibility. When a subscriber profile is created, it should be allocated to a team with the necessary privileges to govern access for the relevant users. Moreover, it is essential to distinguish between document and directory rights. The read permission for a file allows a person to view the application’s information, whereas the read capability for a folder merely enables the individual to access the directory’s components. The write permission for a file enables a user to edit the database’s properties. In contrast, the write permission for a domain enables a client to modify, remove, or build different subdirectories and rename items. The execute status allows a person to process a resource, whereas the set-current-working-directory permission enables a viewer to set a folder as the existing functioning directory.

Server-installed programs need to be deployed confidentially and automatically added. Since desktop customers heavily rely on the website for a few operations, notably when activities are carried out in a network-based atmosphere, it is imperative to examine the security condition of the servers carefully. The Linux functions apt-get and up2date are utilized to retrieve security patches for newly released and existing workloads instantly. Extranets and intranets are important regions to safeguard. TCP-wrapper (libwrap) is essential for restricting network connectivity and regulating data transmission. It is a method of password protection that operates with other TCP-based systems (Bulusu et al., 2018). The guidelines of permission administration are determined by the configuration files /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny.

How Activities such as Email/Web Browsing Work? How would they Work with their Previous Microsoft Office Files

Users accustomed to a particular method of operation may find the shift from Windows to Linux a little challenging. Linux is an OS whose goals are the same as those of any other OS: performance, user-friendliness, and confidentiality. This operating system offers built-in tools for routine work tasks. Furthermore, periodic updates are made to improve the functionality of the current and prospective implementations (Ren et al., 2018). Kali Linux, Ubuntu, Fedora, and Linux Mint provide the Mozilla Firefox search engine and Open Office, comparable to Microsoft Office, among several other programs. Customers familiar with websites such as Google Chrome or Opera Mini can install software products identical to Windows application programs.

For Microsoft Office, PlayOnLinux is one of the most effective methods for running Windows apps on Linux. After deployment, subscribers will start the application and press the download button to synchronize available packages and run the appropriate Microsoft Office version. For users who do not understand Microsoft Office, alternatives would be Open Office and WPS Office, which can open any PowerPoint, Word, Access, and Excel file extensions. They accept all modifications for the abovementioned sub-packages, from 97-2003 compatible to 2020 existent. In addition, periodic new versions are implemented to enhance their efficiency, efficacy, and protection. There is an equivalent Linux application for every Windows program, based on the amount of expertise needed to keep and utilize this operating system.

Documenting How IT Controls Are Monitored

Process Monitoring

The monitoring approach would be the use of Top which provides a sorted list containing the activities’ identities, cache size, IDs, CPU utilization, buffer size, and swap storage, among other characteristics utilized for process administration. Linux’s top function is used to display a list of all presently executing functionalities. This resembles the Windows task scheduler and applications dialog boxes. Due to the complex process tracking and management nature, only the master profile and other domains with full read, write, and command permissions for files and folders associated with process surveillance are permitted access. There are tools in the Linux shell (BASH) for displaying the existing operations and terminating a particular procedure; kill is the term for the cessation procedure. On the other hand, the Microsoft Windows Server Event Viewer is a surveillance program that displays a log of occurrences that may be utilized to diagnose Windows-based system problems. The Event Viewer presents details concerning program, network, and protection-based incidents.

Logging

The logging approach would be the UNIX operating system, which features a fairly advanced logging function. Individuals may record virtually anything that occurs on their computer or server. Clients can inspect the activities log files to obtain running system-related information, warnings, and errors. Similar to how a computer programmer can examine all activity occurring on a given piece of software, this is possible in Linux. All Unix-based working systems comprise a syslogd file in either the /etc/syslogd or /etc/syslogd folder, a general-purpose monitoring program. Any functioning application sends its log entries to syslogd, which connects with the software’s configuration folder. Thus, if a similarity is discovered, a database record is generated. Like Windows activity recording, a log post is recognized by the program that started it, the entry’s significance, the number of services initiated after the logging record was created, and the functions undertaken.

Comparisons between My Recommendation and Other Popular Options

Debian and Fedora are the two most popular Linux operating systems, although there are many more. While Fedora offers RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and CentOS, Debian offers Linux Mint and Ubuntu. Ubuntu is the most popular Linux-based operating system, and it is accessible in workstations, corporations, and Internet of Things (IoT) and robotic equipment variants. It is interactive by default and includes Mozilla Firefox, Thunderbird, and OpenOffice/LibreOffice, among other vital applications. From the APT-package administration source, any supplementary apps may be downloaded and used. The confidentiality of Ubuntu is superior, as users with limited permissions cannot compromise the OS architecture. In addition, the sudo function can be utilized to grant temporary rights to prevent unauthorized access to the domain controller. Ubuntu is incredibly simple to install and requires a few server resources. The suggested system specifications are a 2.0GHz processor, 4GB of RAM, and a hard disk with at least 25 gigabytes of free storage. In addition, encryption is supported, and internet interfaces are shut by default to avoid intrusion.

Linux Mint is an open-source Linux-based operating system that offers comprehensive services for multimedia endeavors. It includes standard administrative support programs such as Firefox, thunderbird, and LibreOffice. It is private, enables emulation, and can acquire modifications through the APT installation library. It demands 1GB of RAM, 20GB of hard drive space, and 1024×768 LCD compatibility. RHEL is a Linux distribution supported by Red Hat Inc. and created solely for business purposes. The entire production and operation of this distribution are governed by the RedHat Certification Program (RCP). Similar to prior editions, it is secure and includes multiple apps, including Thunderbird and Firefox (Zizlavsky & Fisher, 2021). Even though its programming language is readily accessible, one must buy the operating system for assistance, further deployments, and repair, and reproduction is restricted. CentOS is the open-source platform equivalent of RHEL. It is not commonly employed, yet it is efficient and effective.

I would advocate installing Ubuntu on workstations and clients because of its reputation for being highly free and simple to use. In addition, it is highly secure, routinely updated, and compatible with cloud infrastructure and artificial intelligence functionalities. Due to its production scheduling design, operations administration, automation, compatibility for internet applications, and open-source nature, I would propose an Ubuntu server for a startup’s workstations. However, if the business is economically solvent, I would pick RHEL because assistance and support are guaranteed for all business programs.

How Software Installation Works on Linux

Ubuntu’s Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) is a Linux package management program that can replace existing software products, upgrade current software solutions, update the distribution list directory, and rebuild the complete Ubuntu system. In running program installation on Linux, a bootable disk photograph, also widely recognized as an ISO file, must be replicated onto a compact disk, flash drive, or card reader to install Linux on a desktop. In describing the installation stages, I will employ the Ubuntu operating system as an illustration. Before any pre-existing OS is packed, the boot key focus pattern must be modified, to begin with, the bootable external storage. When the operating system launches from a portable storage media, the Ubuntu welcome screen instructs the client to select the appropriate deployment procedure. In most situations, the choice to run Ubuntu is picked, which leads to the next step of choosing where to deploy the operating system. If a current OS is identified, Ubuntu will direct a guest to overwrite it, delete the available knowledge, or establish a new hardware division to permit a separate configuration. This step initiates the setup process, after which an individual account and elective login information will be required before the implementation. It is crucial to remember that a Windows installation file cannot be used to stack the Linux OS and vice versa.

Functionality of Linux and Systems that will run Windows

Samba, a function in Unix-like OS, is employed to share directories over a Windows network and is a basic offering in most Linux versions. Samba’s file format is /etc/samba/smb.conf, and administrators must guarantee they have specific pathnames for their drivers to keep sharing successfully by removing any spaces from their folder identifiers. The most important aspect of document sharing between multiple network categories is ensuring that the accessible items’ repositories are noticeable over the system. The corresponding subscribers have rights to access the permitted material, and the infrastructure is secure.

Window applications with distinct operating systems can act autonomously with Linux. This is accomplished through a technology known as connectivity centralization, in which the guidelines that regulate entry over a network connection are identical. The only distinction is that different operating systems support them. A purchaser may, for instance, need to sign in to their Windows system. Supposing the server contains all device drivers, compiled code, and the registry, the client must enter the compuclient-serverter through its IP address or hostname. This is only possible if the file system folder is obtainable over the corresponding network, thereby defining the layout as a client server.

Conclusion

A Linux-based framework can be implemented in the workplace atmosphere, as evidenced by the details covered in the preceding sections. Compatibility across multiple platforms is feasible, and confidentiality is ensured. Ubuntu also meets the company’s financial requirements if it decides not to look at enterprise solutions. This memo demonstrates that adopting this strategy has more to achieve than losing. Therefore, Faster Computing Inc. should consider the Ubuntu operating system for better functionality of its operations.

References

Bulusu, R., Jain, P., Pawar, P., Afzal, M., & Wandhekar, S. (2018). Addressing security aspects for HPC infrastructure. In 2018 International Conference on Information and Computer Technologies (pp. 27-30). IEEE.

Kuliamin, V., Khoroshilov, A., & Medveded, D. (2019). Formal modeling of multi-level security and integrity control implemented with SELinux. In 2019 Actual Problems of Systems and Software Engineering (pp. 131-136). IEEE.

Ren, X., Huang, Q., Xia, X., Xing, Z., Bao, L., & Lo, D. (2018). Characterizing common and domain-specific package bugs: A case study on Ubuntu. In 2018 IEEE 42nd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (Vol. 1, pp. 426-431). IEEE.

Yaswinski, M. R., Chowdhury, M. M., & Jochen, M. (2019). Linux security: A survey. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (pp. 357-362). IEEE.

Zizlavsky, O., & Fisher, E. (2021). Case Study 1: Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) Atomic Host. In Innovation Scorecard (pp. 81-104). Springer.

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