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Asis, E., & Carandang, R. (2020). The plight of migrant care workers in Japan: A qualitative study of their stressors on caregiving. Journal of Migration and Health, 1-2, 100001. Web.
This research was published in the Journal of Migration and Health, an open-access publisher of articles and reviews concerned with migration. It explores the experiences of care workers in foreign countries, precisely long-term care in Japan, and their common stressors. The authors collected data from Filipinos, Indonesians, and Vietnamese through interviews and analyzed it using thematic analysis. Furthermore, the article focused on the themes of relationships between workers, the balance of life and work, health, communication barrier, interactions with patients, and the physical environment. The study established that care workers in Japan, including Filipinos, struggle with the language barrier, fatigue, back pains, anxiety, depression, heavy workload, low wage, discrimination, hostile environment at work, and patient attitudes. Thus, they suggest that the Japanese government should amend its policies regarding care work, especially for migrant employees.
The article is suitable for the study because it is current, hence including the latest discoveries in the field of migration and care work. Additionally, the authors collected data from Filipinos, Indonesians, and Vietnamese, thus, the information lacks the influence of culture and ethnicity. It explores the common psychological and demographic factors that could affect a caregiver, apart from providing in-depth analysis based on the data collected. Its conclusion comes from the data analysis and multiple references, thus, being unbiased and lacking the personal perceptions of any author. The source will help to explain psychological stressors for Filipino caregivers and possible ways of improving their experiences.
Cerezo-Pann, L. (2018). Filipino service care providers experience compassion fatigue while working in residential care facilities. Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations. 653. Web.
This article is written by Cerezo-Pann Leizel, a graduate of the California State University pursuing a masters degree in social work. It focuses on exploring the experiences of compassion fatigue among Filipino caregivers. According to the author, healthcare providers encounter compassion fatigue, which affects their behaviors mainly through feelings of hopelessness. Most Filipino caregivers in California deal with older adults which could be exhausting. The author used face-to-face interviews to collect data regarding caregivers exposure to patients with terminal illnesses, work environments, and strategies for coping and self-care. The study found out that most care workers experience compassion satisfaction rather than exhaustion However, the author recommended further investigation to be conducted on compassion satisfaction for caregivers born in the United States and in the Philippines to determine the effects of cultural values on compassion fatigue.
The source is relevant to this research because it provides insights on compassion fatigue, a key consideration in care work. The article is recent and the author combines an intensive literature review and interviews to establish the findings. Additionally, the process and study design are based on multiple theories of social work that explain the role of caregivers. The study is ethically approved because it protects all participants and proves no conflict of interest. The article will help to explain the concept of compassion fatigue in care work and how it affects the patient and the nurse.
Cordova, M., & Sia, A. (2020). Coping strategies and resiliency of informal caregivers. Philippine Social Science Journal, 2(2), 23-36. Web.
The authors of this article are from Negros Occidental, one from the government and the other from an institution of higher learning. The qualitative study seeks to determine the link between demographic variables and Filipinos coping strategies, as well as their degree of resilience in their course of informal caregiving. The authors used checklists and profile sheets to collect data from full-time provincial government officials, who are also casual nurses. The study established no relationship between the demographic variables and coping strategies to the degree of resilience. However, they found that age is closely linked to problem-focused strategies of coping. Additionally, emotion-focused approaches to adjustment affect caregivers resilience, which is also influenced by external and internal sources of stress. Importantly, the authors assert that nursing poses positive and negative effects on Filipinos well-being based on their level of tolerance. Caregiving is associated with intensive psychological and physical demands that could be exhausting, especially for a person playing a dual role.
The source is acceptable for the study due to its unique approach to care work in the Philippines. It gives a cultural background to nursing in the country, and coping strategies used by Filipinos in their natural role and call to take care of the elderly in the community. The article is recent, and therefore it incorporates the latest findings and cultural development of the Filipinos. The authors gathered information from numerous sources cited in its reference list and thus, it is unbiased, comprehensive and applicable to many contexts. It will help to establish the cultural background of care work for Filipinos, intrinsic motivation, and coping strategies.
Department of Trade and Industry. (2022). Philippines-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (PJEPA). Web.
This source is prepared by the Department of Trade and Industry from the Philippines Republic. It explains the background of the Philippines-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement and the benefits associated with it including the movement of natural persons between the countries. The source provided statistics on trade, investments, and Filipino workers in Japan, among other specifics of the agreement. The information be used to define the agreement and justification of Filipino workers in Japan. The source is dependable since it is a government document and its statistics are reviewed and compiled by professionals. Additionally, the information is detailed as every chapter is comprehensively discussed under each section. The source will build the introduction of the study and background information on care work for Filipinos in Japan and the policies guiding the practice.
Kazemi, A., Azimian, J., Mafi, M., Allen, K., & Motalebi, S. (2021). Caregiver burden and coping strategies in caregivers of older patients with stroke. BMC Psychology, 9(1). Web.
The article is written by five authors from various fields of study, including nursing and midwifery, medical sciences, education, wellness science, and social determinants of health. It focuses on establishing the burden carried by caregivers, and how they cope with the challenges associated with helping older people living with a stroke. The authors acknowledge the psychological and physical burden of handling patients with stroke considering that the condition is terminal. They used Iranian caregivers male and female participants and collected data through questionnaires and interviews. According to the study, the majority of caregivers cope through seeking social support and positive reappraisal strategies. Caregivers accept the responsibility of helping old people with stroke although some escape and distance themselves from the patients especially those who use emotion-focused coping techniques. The study also concludes that the burden of nursing is higher among the caregivers who use negative coping strategies such as distancing and escaping. It recommends the implementation and design of programs for supporting caregivers to promote psychological well-being and physical health.
This source is suitable for the study because its information is reliable and applicable to multiple scenarios. It was recently published, and it has attained ethical requirements for studies such as consent from human participants. Additionally, the article draws its information from more than eighty eligible sources, and therefore the conclusion is from statistical and a thoughtful discussion of well-analyzed and detailed information. The authors consider male and female caregivers and multiple coping strategies hence, which is an inclusive approach to understanding the burden of nursing. The source will help explain the stressors associated with care work for older patients, apart from highlighting the possible coping strategies that Filipino caregivers can use to enhance their experience by reducing stress and anxiety.
Mabalot, K. (2018). Parental coping in Filipino American caregivers of children with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. Doctoral Dissertations [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of San Fransisco.
This source is desertion by Mabalot Kathrynn, a learner from the University of San Franciscos, school of nursing and health profession, pursuing a PhD in psychology. It seeks to comprehend the experience of Filipino caregivers dealing with children with special needs in the US. The article strives to establish coping strategies for accommodating patients with developmental and intellectual disabilities and managing parental stress. The author focused on the domains of self-fulfillment as a parent, community engagement, acceptance of the condition, extended family as a key source of support, and precision of parenting roles. The study established eight themes for effective parental coping for Filipino caregivers including defining the roles of parenting, understanding the disability, relying, and depending on extended family, teamwork in bringing up the child, enjoying parenthood, modifying parents expectations in responding to the condition and the sense of belonging.
The source is apt for the study due to its extensive literature review on essential aspects including parenting stress and coping, family resilience, Filipino Americans and their mental health, psychology, and cultural assimilation with the Americans. The literature is based on numerous sources hence, thorough and inclusive. The article is ethically correct since the author gained consent from the participants. The author collects data through interviews, survey monkeys, and questionnaires hence more reliable feedback. Additionally, the author evaluates multiple themes critical to parenting as a caregiver role hence applicable to the study. The source will help the study in explaining the natural role of parents as a caregiver for their children and establishing coping strategies that ease the burden, especially for mothers. It will also provide background information on Filipino American culture, mental health status, and coping strategies that could either deteriorate or enhance their experience as caregivers.
Miyazaki, R. (2018). Migrant care workers and care-migration policies: a comparison between Italy and Japan. Asia Europe Journal, 17(2), 161-177. Web.
This source by Miyazaki Rie compares policies regarding care migration and migrant care workers in Japan and Italy. According to the author, the two countries are the most aging societies globally; hence, their social cost and demand for caregivers and long-term care are higher than the rest. Despite their similarities in welfare features and trajectories, Japan and Italy have distinct migration and care policies and the roles of care workers from other countries are different. The author concluded that regulated and qualified care work can be maintained through a combination of in-kind-based national care policies and restricted migrants rules. Additionally, in-cash-based national policies for care are associated with weak controls for the migration of unskilled workers which results in marketized care and low professional expertise in the gray market.
This article is pertinent to the study as it gives an insight into the policies for care and migration in Japan that affect the Filipinos working there. It was written in 2019 hence updated and relatable. Additionally, the author compared essential aspects of migration policy between Italy and Japan and thus, a non-biased approach to evaluating the policies. The information is dependable ass it comes from many sources and the conclusion is entirely dependent on the text. The source will guide the analysis of Japans care and migration policies to understand the work environment for Filipinos and the systems that support it.
Nanette M. Holloway N. H., (2019). Coping Skills for Caregivers (Coping Skills for Caregivers Series). ISBN-13: 978-1679408083
This book is written by Nanette M. Holloway, a registered nurse and a Christian author with more than five books. She is also a graduate with BSN from Oral Roberts University and has a masters degree in nursing education from Southern Nazarene University. Nanette writes about medical issues mainly from her experience with prolonged grief disorder following the death of her father who suffered from a chronic illness. The book focuses on self-care for caregivers and coping strategies that can prevent exhaustion and burnout. Nanette acknowledges the challenges caregivers encounter including worry, depression, confusion and wear due to demands of energy and attention by care work. Taking care of chronically ill patients and their ultimate death affect the mind, soul, and body of the caregiver, and thus, coping strategies should satisfy the three aspects of human beings. According to Nanette, caregiving is a journey and the stresses associated with it make caregivers neglect their needs.
The book provides essential background on care work as it explores the challenges and viable coping strategies for all caregivers. The author uniquely approaches the topic as they have gone through the journey hence an intimate interaction with the theory of care work. She is also experienced as a professional nurse hence the information is reliable as it is backed with knowledge and experience. Nurses are caregivers in medical facilities and therefore, the author understands the burden of caregiving for patients of all levels of illnesses. The book will inform the foundation of the study to provide insights on the need for self-care amidst the challenging call for care work.
Redubla, RPm, C., & Cuaton, G. (2019). A phenomenological study on the experiences of careers of the mentally ill in a mental health facility in the Philippines. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 7(3), 38-47. Web.
Redubla Cristina, a registered and licensed psychometrician, and Cuaton Ginbert, a faculty researcher from Leyte Normal University in the Philippines, wrote this article. The study focuses on mental health due to stigmatization associated with mental illnesses and the challenges caregivers for mentally ill patients encounter. It aims at assisting the community, families, and professionals in identifying support needs and coping strategies they can use while giving care to mentally ill people. Through interviews and literature review on coping strategies and support to caregivers, the author established that caregivers can cope effectively through religious practice, acceptance and resolution, and engaging in other tasks to preoccupy their minds. Additionally, support programs such as counseling and mental health education on treatment, causes, management, and caregiving are among the support needs of workers handling mentally ill patients.
This source is apposite for the study since mental illness is a global health issue affecting people from all regions. Caregiving is a complex task that could result in mental illness if the caregiver lacks proper support. The authors combine internet and library research with interviews to ensure an unbiased and multidimensional perspective. It contains recent information and the sources are substantial ranging from recently published to older publications. The source will assist the study in showing the link between caregiving and mental illnesses and coping strategies that care workers dealing with mentally ill patients can adopt even as the world strives to create awareness of mental health.
Tahara, M., Mashizume, Y., & Takahashi, K. (2020). Coping mechanisms: Exploring strategies utilized by Japanese healthcare workers to reduce stress and improve mental health during the covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 131. Web.
This article is published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, open access, and peer-reviewed publisher of articles related to occupational hygiene, public health, global health research, and environmental science among others. The study explores the strategies used by Japanese health workers during the pandemic, to reduce stress while improving mental health. Its authors used web-based questionnaires to conduct a cross-sectional survey to assess workers satisfaction, health status, anxiety, leisure, work, and new tasks during the pandemic. The study established that poor mental health is closely linked to low levels and absence of communication and high anxiety and is mainly experienced by female workers. In contrast, workers with high satisfaction from new roles and work, and good health hindered mental health issues. Additionally, workers who use escape avoidance strategies to cope with the pandemic had better mental health compared to those who utilize the social support method.
This source will help establish differences between Filipino and Japanese coping strategies in caregiving in the study. It is relatable and applicable to the Filipinos since the pandemic was a universal crisis experienced by caregivers globally. The article also explores issues such as resilience, satisfaction, communication, and others that are essential in care work. It attains all ethical requirements for studies, proves no conflict of interest as it lacks any form of funding, and utilizes close to sixty references hence an unbiased conclusion.
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