Public Transport Use Stimulation in Abu Dhabi

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Personal vehicles are most widely used in the UAE since their number increased from 13.329 in 2015 to 13.594 in 2016 (“Annual statistical report 2014 – 2016,” 2017) compared to the public transportation fleet comprised of 1512 buses in 2016. Figure 1 contains data on bus ridership per purpose and provides background information regarding the economic and social value of bus services.

Figure 1: Public buses trips per purpose in 2016 (“Annual statistical report 2014 – 2016,” 2017).

As for the level of accidents, personal vehicles take the first position (Figure 2) (“Bus transportation,” n.d; “RTA extends operation,” 2017; Shahbandari, 2015; Worku, 2013). Some other transportation types are studied as well (Holmgren, 2013; Kemp & Stephani, 2013; Tirachini, 2013; Qiu, Li, Zhang, Zhang, & Xie, 2015; Wirasinghe et al., 2013).

Figure 2: Accidents (“Annual statistical report 2014 – 2016,” 2017).

The data on accidents is employed to research and formulate recommendations for encouraging public transportation use among affluent Abu Dhabi residents. Since the rate of bus accidents is significantly low compared to private automobiles, this information may be used to address users’ safety concerns. Additionally, the data provided on Figures 4 and 5 − Benefits of the proposed Nol card system − is used to identify advantages associated with the electronic ticketing system, which can potentially attract the targeted population to public transportation services.

Figure 3: Nol card benefits (“Nol cards,” 2017).

Figure 4: Service available to Nol Card holders (“Nol cards,” 2017)

The study conducted by Road Safety UAE shows the levels of road safety monitoring based on the answers of respondents (Table 1) and implies that sustainable development is the key goal in the transportation of the UAE (Ahmed, 2017; Anderson, 2014; Asimet al. 2014; El-Bana, Selim, & Taleb, 2015; Gentile & Noekel, 2016; Goodwin & Van Dende, 2013; Kang, Khodadadifard, & Afandizadeh, 2017).

Table 1: UAE road safety monitoring (“Statistics,” 2017).

‘In my experience, over the past six months: Which of the following statements do you agree or disagree with, in regards to: …’		Cycle 1 Apr-2015	Cycle 2 Feb-2016	Cycle 3 Aug-2016	Cycle 4 Feb-2017	Change % points last cycle

…the country’s road infrastructure has improved	Strongly Agree	25%	33%	33%	37%	4,2%
	Agree	43%	46%	45%	46%	0,9%
	Undecided	20%	14%	14%	12%	2,4%
	Disagree	9%	6%	7%	5%	2,5%
	Strongly Disagree	3%	2%	1%	1%	0,2%

…my enjoyment of driving in the country has increased	Strongly Agree	16%	21%	19%	19%	0,3%
	Agree	28%	30%	34%	38%	3,7%
	Undecided	24%	25%	24%	24%	0,2%
	Disagree	22%	18%	18%	18%	0,8%
	Strongly Disagree	10%	6%	5%	3%	2,4%

…my commute to work by road is taking longer	Strongly Agree	32%	24%	26%	23%	2,5%
	Agree	34%	41%	38%	38%	0,7%
	Undecided	17%	17%	17%	18%	0,8%
	Disagree	15%	15%	18%	19%	0,8%
	Strongly Disagree	3%	4%	2%	3%	0,3%

… Traffic on the roads has become more dangerous	Strongly Agree	23%	22%	22%	18%	3,9%
	Agree	31%	33%	33%	31%	2,0%
	Undecided	18%	22%	18%	21%	3,1%
	Disagree	23%	18%	23%	25%	1,9%
	Strongly Disagree	5%	4%	4%	5%	0,9%

… I am seeing more vehicles speeding on the roads	Strongly Agree	28%	30%	28%	25%	3,4%
	Agree	38%	37%	37%	38%	1,2%
	Undecided	15%	21%	17%	19%	2,3%
	Disagree	17%	11%	14%	16%	2,0%
	Strongly Disagree	2%	1%	4%	2%	2,1%

… I am seeing more vehicles tailgating on the roads	Strongly Agree	28%	29%	29%	25%	4,6%
	Agree	37%	35%	40%	43%	3,1%
	Undecided	20%	23%	16%	18%	1,7%
	Disagree	12%	11%	13%	13%	0,4%
	Strongly Disagree	3%	2%	2%	2%	0,3%

… I am seeing more distracted drivers on the roads (e.g. using mobile phones)	Strongly Agree	37%	41%	35%	34%	0,6%
	Agree	38%	38%	40%	41%	1,0%
	Undecided	14%	13%	17%	15%	2,0%
	Disagree	10%	7%	8%	9%	1,4%
	Strongly Disagree	1%	1%	1%	1%	0,2%

…I am seeing more vehicles changing lanes abruptly and without indicating on the roads	Strongly Agree	–	30%	24%	26%	1,8%
	Agree	–	39%	42%	41%	1,0%
	Undecided	–	19%	17%	17%	0,1%
	Disagree	–	11%	16%	15%	1,1%
	Strongly Disagree	–	2%	1%	2%	0,1%

In the last 6 months, have you been in a vehicle collision, driving in UAE?	Yes	20%	19%	21%	22%	0,8%
	No	80%	81%	79%	78%	0,8%

The comparison of frequency percentages represented in the table above is performed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient, which allows detecting attitude patterns among respondents in different periods. The information is used to address such specific study objectives as the specification of factors that need to be considered while implementing the project of interest, etc. Additionally, in the study the attention is paid to the target population, affluent Abu Dhabi citizens, focusing on their income, preferences, etc.

According to the estimates of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), the average salary for people with high-income ranges from 40,000 to 200,000 AED (“About HIES,” 2013). In general, various industries show an increase in salary levels. For example, Figure 5 represents the accounting and finance employee survey highlights for UAE employees.

Figure 5. Accounting and finance employee survey highlights regarding salary (“Salary and employment report 2017,” 2017).

Reviewing Figures 6 and 7, one may observe the average spending on transportation and other necessary items in Abu Dhabi.

Figure 6: Mean spending in Abu Dhabi, % (“Cost of living comparison,” 2018).

Figure 7: Indices difference in Dubai and Abu Dhabi (“Cost of living comparison,” 2018).

Geographic information systems (GIS) data is used to identify the required length and other specifics of a dedicated bus lane and determine how road traffic is regulated to ensure the effectiveness of a new system (Daraio et al., 2016; deOña, de Oña, Eboli, & Mazzulla, 2013; Hassan, Hawas, & Ahmed, 2013; Parahoo, Harvey, & Radi, 2014; Redman, Friman, Gärling, & Hartig, 2013; Xenias & Whitmarsh, 2013). The quantitative method with the use of the linear regression allows examining the links between distinct covariates (e.g., lane length, Nol card system use, etc.) and a numeric outcome (i.e., cost efficiency and social effectiveness of transportation service).

The comparison of data on Dubai’s several existing dedicated bus lanes (e.g., located on Al Ghubaiba road, “about 320 meter from Al Mina Intersection up to Street 12”) and Nol card system functions helps reveal the relationship between suggested covariates and expected outcomes (Government of Dubai, 2017, para. 1; “A better efficiency”, 2014; Bajracharya, 2016; Chakravarty & Qamhaieh, 2015; Guo, 2013; Henderson, 2014; Innocenti, Lattarulo, & Pazienza, 2013; Khoo, Teoh, & Meng, 2014; Misra, 2016; Shahbandari, 2015; Zambonini & Zafar, 2014). Considering the specific Abu Dhabi road issues and the purpose of a dedicated bus lane, it will be important to analyze more data (Ma, Head, & Feng, 2014; Sbia, Shahbaz, & Hamdi, 2014; Şimşekoğlu, Nordfjærn, & Rundmo, 2015). After data analysis phase, it is expected to provide valuable recommendations for further implementation of the proposed innovations.

Table 2: Multi-stakeholder matrix.

	Significant involvement	Moderate involvement	General public
	Policy makers, members of the targeted population group (concerned residents), business and residential owners proximate to the project development site.	Business and residential owners located in areas along the project development site (without direct impact).	Abu Dhabi Community
Related objectives	Provision of up-to-date information, identification of major barriers, and active communication.	Development of project awareness.

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Public Transport Use Stimulation in Abu Dhabi

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