Proportions and Probabilities in Criminology

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Table of Contents

Introduction
Major Arguments
Critique
Reference

Introduction

Proportions and probabilities are instrumental approaches in the analysis of statistics generated from criminal justice and criminology practice. During this evaluation process, probabilities are applied in scenarios of uncertainty, whereas proportions are used in situations where the outcome is certain (Gau, 2018). Empirical values and theoretical predictions play a critical role in the interpretation of criminology-related statistics.

For instance, empirical values arise from known and observable events or features, whereas theoretical predictions are generated from logical conclusions about a particular events outcome (Gau, 2018). Binomial presentation of data is a strategic approach in statistical criminology whereby the probability analysis regarding two possible sets of effects is performed (Gau, 2018). Normal distribution of data in crime-based statics refers to the presentation of data based on the inclination to the given distributions mean value.

Major Arguments

The author posits that the element of probability originates from the possibility that a given event shall happen in the stated circumstance (inferential-statistical approach). Gau (2018) further argues that the sum of a probability results in the value of 1.0. For instance, if a coin is tossed in the air, the probability of a tail result is (1/2), and that of a head result is (1/2); hence the summation is 1.0 (Gau, 2018). Another fundamental argument made by Gau (20180 is that there are two principal forms of data distribution in criminology statistics: standard (normal) and binomial. Binomial presentation applies to dichotomous (binary) variables that bear two probable outcomes.

On the other hand, the standard (normal) distribution method is suitable for continuous data sets that obey the normal curve pattern- associated with the z-scores (Gau, 2018). The author also contends that in the normal and binary patterns, the fundamental element is the theoretical- premises for mathematical and logical assumptions (Gau, 2018). Ultimately, he asserts that empirical distributions assume the abstract form; they can be analyzed and manipulated and are tangible.

Critique

The author should have considered sharing some in-depth information regarding the underlying relationship between the subjects background and criminal justice and criminology. The citation of practical examples (based on statistical tools) of landmark criminal cases conducted in the United States using appropriate research methods, including experimental and quantitative criminology, would be ideal. Furthermore, the author should have integrated modern statistical tools in line with computerized systems and software. He should have also considered the aspect of impression by using multiple images and designs to illustrate and demonstrate the statistical concepts.

Reference

Gau, J. M. (2018). Statistics for criminology and criminal justice. Sage Publications.

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Proportions and Probabilities in Criminology

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