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The construction industry around the world is becoming constructing green and sustainable buildings nature. To satisfy the assessment criteria being suggested and proposed, newly architectural features and innovative ideas, newly mechanical and electrical systems, and suitable energy and environment management scheme have been raise out. Moreover, fire safety issues have not yet been properly assessed and elevated. There have been different conflicts among the green or sustainable building design and fire safety provisions . Provision of fire safety have been designed and being operated by pay attention to requirments for green or sustainable buildings according to following is raise out: including
Passive building construction, active fire protection system and fire safety management.
Fundamentally, works shall be undertaken in three areas to provide green and sustainable buildings: Architectural features relating to building construction element, electrical and mechanical systems to provide desirable environment, but the system would use energy, there shall be proper management including energy managing, environmental management and fire safety management. There had been different arguments if building assessment methods shall be key focus on environmental performance or sustainability. Moreover, the extremely important part on the safety issue has not yet identified. Most likely, prescriptive fire safety codes are not updated instantly. In reality, several new buildings with green and sustainable features had failed to met the requirement of those prescriptive codes in the past decades. The potential adverse effects on safety of green building designs had been raise out. For fire safety provisions, three areas need to seriously considered also for green buildings and sustainable buildings including Passive building construction, active fire protection system and fire safety management.
For Passive building construction, passive building constructions including proper compartmentation, fire resistance construction, means of escape for occupants and means of access for firefighters need to be supplied for fire protection. The aims are to reduce the possible cause of having an fire accidently by ensuring the building materials and components difficult to ignite and being burn. Whenever the material is being ignited, low heat release rate will be given out at the initial stage of a fire. When a fire occurs, the rate of spreading shall
be slow and stable. It was aimed to enclose the fire within the region of origin without affecting the nearby areas. The building structure shall be able to withstand the fire for a period of time so that occupants have sufficient time to evacuate safely.
For active fire protection system, detecting a fire in early is major concerns, providing warning in early stage and reporting instantly to the management and firefighters, and also trying to control the fire. Three terms shall be classified clearly: control means the heat release rate of fire is not enable to develop with a rapid rate and speed; suppression means the heat release rate is lowered; extinguishment means the burning is terminated. Systems for meeting the aims as in above have to be clearly raised out, especially and in particular to tall buildings where fire alarm and detection system only, fire hydrant system and hosereel system are generally needed. Water is consumed extensively and must be planned and designed to satisfy the water conservation approach for green and sustainable buildings. Smoke management system is required for basements, car parks or big halls shall be design and plan carefully as smoke discharged would adversely affect the environment. Gas protection systems should be designed and planned in systemic manner, but might only be provided in those buildings with special uses. Also, total flooding system with agents that will have a greenhouse effects and show adverse effect to the upper atmospheric ozone layer should be avoided.
For fire safety management, passive building construction and active fire protection system are the hardware provisions. These might not necessarily provide with fire safety adequately. Good management schemes shall be implementing in a total fire safety concept. Fundamentally, a fire safety plan can be prepared and reviewed by the building operation team and corresponding safety personnel, which including a maintenance plan; a staff training plan; a fire prevention plan; and a fire action plan.
The following criteria were the major concerns on green and sustainable building including energy saving, water consumption, environmental protection and waste management.
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