part 1) Recent data shows that quality of life or “broken windows” arrests are r

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part 1) Recent data shows that quality of life or “broken windows” arrests are r

part 1) Recent data shows that quality of life or “broken windows” arrests are rising again. Mayor Eric Adams has reinstated plainclothes anti-crime units, also known as “jump out boys”. Read the following articles and discuss whether we are returning to broken windows policing, whether this is necessary to meet the times, and if another system is possible. Can broken windows policing be implemented without the abuses of stop and frisk?
https://www.nysfocus.com/2022/03/03/nypd-plainclothes-anti-crime-unit-neighborhood-safety-team-ccrb-complaints-lawsuits/
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-30/nyc-s-rise-of-low-level-arrests-worry-critics-of-broken-windows-era
Part 2) Read Chapter #4 in your Textbook “CJ2019” and answer the following questions.
What are the sources of Federal and State criminal law?
What is Common Law and how does it affect the criminal legal system?
What elements of a crime must a prosecutor prove for a conviction?
Name some of the types of common defenses used by a defendant?
What are the two elements of a crime? ( “_____ rea” and “___ rea”)
How is the government restricted or limited in the creation of law?
What are the Three types of Crimes specified in the Model Penal Code? (“crimes against _____, crimes against ____…”)
Part 3) Ending Stop and Frisk for Good. August 7th 2013. The Nation https://youtu.be/URyLanHZ4fk.
The 4th, 5th,6th and 8th amendments to the US Constitution (Bill of Rights) are generally considered to be the sections of the Constitution that contain protections for the criminally accused. These amendments, along with the first section of the XIV amendment (posted below) were used to challenge the constitutionality of Stop and Frisk in New York City.
All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Explain how the work of activists and advocacy organizations helped to overturn Stop and Frisk in 2013 using the framework of the US Constitution. While the US Constitution can provide certain priveleges and protections from government abuse, many argue that simply waiting on the courts, which tend to be inherently conservative, without social movements and political action will not yield resutls. It is only the combination of legal advocacy with political advocacy, social movements (protests), and public education that can bring lasting change.
As we have seen recently, the composition of courts can change which will (likely) produce changes in their temperament and decisions. How can those who want to advocate for change combine legal advocacy with social and political advocacy? How can this be applied to other areas of criminal justice reform in New York and accross the country?
Part 4)Read the Article: The History of Policing in the United States.
How did police develop in the United States? What existed in Northeastern Cities like New York and Boston before “modern, professional” police and why did this change? What are the origins of policing in the South?
What role did “disorder” play in the evolution of American policing, and who defined this order? What did they hope to achieve by implementing policing, and at whose expense? Give concrete examples. What were the negative characteristics of early modern police departments?
How did the “professionalism” reform movement of the early 20th century seek to address issues of corruption, political influence of law enforcement and police brutality? What specific reforms did they put in place?
What were the downsides of police professionalization? What new issues did it bring?
What caused the birth of the community policing movement?
According to the author, what has been the effect of policing on addressing crime?
Dr. Gary Potter “History of Policing in the United States.” https://plsonline.eku.edu/sites/plsonline.eku.edu/files/the-history-of-policing-in-us.pdf

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