Observing Features on the Sun

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Table of Contents

Phase I: Exploration
Phase II – Does the Evidence Match the Conclusion?
Phase III – What Conclusions Can You Draw From the Evidence?
Phase IV – What Evidence Do You Need?
Phase V – Formulate a Question, Pursue Evidence, and Justify Your Conclusion
Phase VI – Summary

Images in this program are taken in what two types (wavelengths) of light? visible light and X-ray light.

Phase I: Exploration

Select one of the images in the soft x-ray. Notice that there are two images taken for each day, one in the soft x-ray and one in white light (visible).
Identify a feature (active x-ray region) and then select the soft x-ray image one day later. When you are examining x-ray images, look for these concentrated bright white-to-yellow spots to indicate active regions

Which way did the feature move? (Left, right, up, or down? ———The feature moves to the right

Select the soft x-ray image one more day later.

Did it appear to shift the same amount in the same direction? (Yes or no?) Yes! The image appeared to shift the same amount in the same direction.

Find your feature on the x-ray image and then open the white light image for that same day.

Do you think there is a relationship between the position of the sunspots and the active x-ray regions? (Yes or no?) Yes! I think there is a relationship between the position of the sunspots and the active x-ray regions.

Phase II – Does the Evidence Match the Conclusion?

I would disagree with the student’s generalization. When I painted the sunspots for the 1/10/92, the results was 44 pixels for 19 sunspots, meaning that each sunspot was on almost on average of 2.3 pixels; further evaluations showed that there were 58 pixels for the white light on 1/09/92 and 14 sunspots. The average number of pixel per sunspot on this day was 4.14 pixels. Knowing that the size of each pixel is estimated to be almost the size of the earth, we may conclude that these averages of 2.3 and 4.14 pixels per sunspot are far from 10 pixels.

Phase III – What Conclusions Can You Draw From the Evidence?

Date	X-ray	White Light
01/06/92	347 pixels	52 pixels
01/09/92	380 pixels	64 pixels
01/12/92	183 pixels	21 pixels
01/15/92	83 pixels	11 pixels
01/17/92	150 pixels	10 pixels

Evidence-based Conclusion

From the above correlation graph, we observe that the points lies in such a way that they almost form a straight line, with only a single point appearing to lie far from the central line of axis. The graph also shows that when X-ray pixels are increased, the number of white pixels also increase and the vice versa hold true. In this case, we may conclude that there is a relationship between X-ray images and White light images.

Phase IV – What Evidence Do You Need?

The procedure of determining the precise period of time that is taken by an active region in the soft x-ray near the sun’s equator to complete one rotation:

Launch the java program
Find out the active regions of the day
Select a brush, paint and eraser
Determine the number of pixels of the X-ray active region
Divide the number of pixels with the number of active regions to get the average number of pixels for the active region
Using the value of average number of pixels, trace the coordinate on a standard drawn graph of number of pixels against period
Record the value obtained on the Y-axis on the graph as the precise period of time required for the required active region to rotate

Phase V – Formulate a Question, Pursue Evidence, and Justify Your Conclusion

Research Report

Specific Research Question

Research has shown that images have specific daily active regions as well as sunspots. However, it has no been determined whether light image will show similar active regions and sunspots when observed under different star light. The question which many scientists would like to be answered is that will the active regions and sunspots of the sun be similar as those of another known star

Step-by-Step Procedure, with Sketches if Needed, to Collect Evidence

Determine the light image of active regions of the sun star
Determine the sunspots of the sun
Determine the active regions of the known star in question.
Determine the sunspots of the known star other than sun in question
Plot a correlation graph of active region for the sun against those of the known star
Deduce from the correlation graph of whether the data obtained is similar or none similar
Plot a correlation graph of sunspots of sun against those of known star.

Deduce from the correlation graph any information which gives the solution of whether there is any difference between the data obtained

Data Table and/or Results

date	Sun’s active region	Known star active region	Sun’s sunspots	Known star sunspots
1/3/20	46	89	67	56
2/3/20	89	57	54	88
3/3/20	79	49	56	53
4/3/20	79	34	74	68
5/3/20	44	48	56	68
6/3/20	80	67	45	80
7/3/20	79	60	66	76

Evidence-based Conclusion Statement

This shows that there is relationship between the image formed when using sun light images in comparison to those formed by the discovered known star.

Phase VI – Summary

Summary

It is evident that images formed by active regions and those formed by the sunspots were showing very minor and almost unnoticeable differences. They almost behaved in a similar way when viewed at different dates and day of the month or year. The active region and the sunspots have got a relationship with just a few points showing to lie outside the central line of correlation.