Management of Dementia Condition

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Table of Contents

Introduction
Framing of the Question
Search Strategy
Resources
Search Terms
Boolean Search Strings
Literature Analysis
References

Introduction

Dementia is one of the most common disorders in society that is associated with the loss of cognitive ability in aged adults. The condition may stem from brain injury or disease, which may interfere with the mind of an individual. Dementia presents a wide range of syndromes that entail language problems, memory loss, difficulties in communication, and problem-solving ability. To solve the problem, different measures are used with various levels of effectiveness. It is in this regard that is study highlights the management of dementia condition concerning the question stated below.

Framing of the Question

How effective is reminiscence group therapy in eliminating symptoms of depression in dementia patients?

The above-stated research question can be analyzed using the PICO model as stated below.

Patient or Population: Patients with dementia
Anticipated intervention: Reminiscence group therapy
Current standard: Non-Pharmacological tool
Outcome: Reducing depressive symptoms

Search Strategy

Five scholarly articles were identified for the topic. The articles presented information that could be used for evidence-based practice since the information provided the correlation between reminiscence group and its effectiveness as a non-pharmacological tool for reducing symptoms of depression. The scholarly articles include the following:

Blake, M. (2013). Group reminiscence therapy for adults with dementia: a review. British Journal of Community Nursing, 18(5), 228-233.

Bohlmeijer, E. Kramer, J. Smit, F. Onrust, S, & Marwijk, H. (2009).The effects of integrative reminiscence on depressive symptomatology and mastery of older adults. Community Mental Health Journal, 45(6), 476-484.

Croucher, M. (2009). Effects of reminiscence group in elderly people with Alzheimer disease and the vascular dementia in a community setting. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, 7(2), 167-273.

Robinson L, Hutchings D, Dickinson HO, et al. (2009). Effectiveness and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce wandering in dementia: a systematic review. International journal of Geriatrics Psychiatry, 22 (1), 9–22

Van, P.J., & Maes, B. (2009). The Effect of Reminiscence Group Work on Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem and Mood of Ageing People with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal of Applied Res Intellectual Disabilities, 22(1), 23-33.

Resources

Electronic Databases	Research or Professional Organizations	Experts in the Field to Consult	Books, Encyclopedias, Handbooks
CINAHL	Alzheimer’s Association	Rober Stein, President of American Society on Aging	Nancy Mace, and Peter Rabins. (2012). The 36-Hour Day: A family guide to caring for people who have Alzheimer’s Disease, Related Dementias, and Memory. London: Sage Publications
Medline	American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging	Tom Magnuson, Managing Director, Home Instead Center for Successful Aging	Garry Null Reboot Your Brain: (2013)A natural Approach to Fight Memory Loss, Dementia: Sage Publications
Scopus	American Academy of Home Care Physicians	Eric Rodriguez, Managing Director, University of Pittsburg Medical Center	Roger Kurlan. (2006).Handbook of Secondary Dementias New York: Springer Publishing
Wiley Online Library	American Health Care Association	Amy Aprix, P.H.D., Chairman, Essential Conversations Inc.	Richard Schulz (2000). Handbook on Dementia cares giving: Evidence-Based Interventions for Family Caregivers. New York: Springer Publishing
Scopus	Lewy Body Dementia Association		Medline Plus
Informa Healthcare	Alzheimer’s Society		Encylopedia.com
ProQuest Central
Informit Health Collection

Search Terms

To conduct an accurate search, appropriate guidelines were used as outlined in the table below.

Keywords & Phrases	Major Authors	Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria
Group reminiscence therapy in dementia	Marrianne Blake	Based on specific issues related to the topic	Words or phrases that gave general ideas on dementia were ignored during the search
Evidence-based management of dementia	Howard Crystal	Materials that touched on dementia intervention approaches were considered
Non-pharmacological interventions in dementia	Martin Croucher	Emphasis was also given to the words or phrases that touched on dementia management strategies.
How to manage dementia	Smaranda Ioana Mitran
Intervention strategies in dementia management	Laura Gitlin
Depressive symptoms of dementia

Boolean Search Strings

The first step used in the search process entailed writing down the main phrase that was specific to the topic of the study. The phrase used in the search enabled the researcher to get the right information on the topic. The researcher typed the following phrase ‘Group reminiscence therapy for adults with dementia’ on the Google search engine. The next stage was the identification of a specific website that provided the required information. The researcher then proceeded to search for related terms from specific websites. Nice.Com was used as the website. The site provided information on other related issues of the topic such as non-pharmacological treatment. The search process can be justified as shown in the provided screen shorts.

Literature Analysis

Analysis of the articles
Citation	Theoretical/Conceptual Framework	Key Findings	Research Method	Strengths of Study	Weaknesses	Evidence
Blake , M.(2013)	Brings into perspective the issue of reminiscence among adult dementia patients	Reminiscence treatment is effective of non-pharmacological l intervention in dementia management	Applied quantitative research method	Very effective in highlighting how reminiscence treatment can be used to reduce depression	Does not embrace the fact that non-pharmacological treatment also causes depression	Very strong. Provides substantial information related to the study
Bohlmeijer E, Kramer J, Smit F, Onrust S, van Marwijk H. (2009)	Highlights the issue of integrative reminiscence in dementia management	Integrative reminiscence influences depressive symptoms and mastery skills among dementia patients	Applied experimental research to find the effects of integrative reminiscence on depressive symptoms and mastery skills	Provided reliable results, which showed how integrative reminiscence influences depressive symptoms and mastery skills	the study however does not embrace other factors, which may affect depressive symptoms and mastery skills among patients	The study provides a sufficient amount of evidence on the topic of understudy.
Van, P.J., & Maes, B. (2009)	The major theoretical underpinning highlighted by the study was based on the relationship between group reminiscence and. self-satisfaction and self-esteem.	The result of the study indicated that group reminiscence was very important in enhancing self-esteem and self-confidence among patients	The study applied qualitative research to highlight how group reminiscence influences self-esteem and confidence among dementia patients	The results of the study indicated how group reminiscence is an effective non-pharmacological method that can be used to improve self-evaluation among dementia patients	The weaknesses of the study stemmed from its inability to highlight how self-confidence and self-esteem affect dementia patients	The study was based on actual findings that were supported by both primary and secondary data
Croucher, M. (2009).	The study brings into perspective how group reminiscence affects elderly people with Alzheimer and dementia	The major findings of the study reveal that has group reminiscence positive effects on elderly people with Alzheimer and dementia	The study applied qualitative research	The study effectively applied qualitative research to produce reliable findings	The study did not indicate how group reminiscence can be applied as a non-pharmacological approach	The evidence was backed by both primary and secondary data
Robinson L, Hutchings D, Dickinson HO, et al. (2009)	The study takes a systematic review approach to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce wandering in dementia patients	The review revealed that many researchers tend to agree that non-pharmacological interventions are effective in reducing wandering among dementia patients	The study applied a systematic review approach	Properly analyzed the findings of other studies on the same topic	Is purely based on a systematic review, therefore, lack adequate supporting information	The level of evidence is very low since it is not a pure research

History and Purpose of the Research Question

Reminiscence group therapy is one of non-pharmacological approaches that was developed in the late 1990s to replace the use of pharmacological methods. Early researchers in the field of dementia discovered that pharmacological methods were not very effective in eliminating certain problems that affected dementia patients such as depression, low esteem, and self-confidence. The researchers also discovered that depression was one of the key problems that affect dementia patients. The position, therefore, justifies the ground for this research question.

Existing Literature

Strengths	Weaknesses
Provide reliable information on reminiscence	Mainly based on systematic reviews
Highlights the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods	Cannot be entirely used to develop evidence-based management of dementia since they lack adequate evidence

Gaps in the Current Literature

Current literature does not provide information on how non-pharmacological approaches such as group reminiscence can be used to ensure evidence-based practice in the management of dementia. The current literature tends to overemphasize the use of pharmacological methods in the treatment of dementia. Moreover, the current literature tends to over-rely on systematic reviews, which cannot provide adequate information on a given topic of research (Blake, 2013).

References