Ford Motors Company’s New Product Development

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Executive Summary

This paper focuses on carrying out a new product development of Ford Motors in the UAE market. In so doing the paper will consider several issues, such as the strength of the product idea, USP, SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, and marketing strategy. It will also concentrate on constructing a pricing strategy, promotional strategy, financial plan for developing this new product, and on many other related issues.

Methodology

The purpose of this methodology is to provide a clear idea about the research approach, primary data, and secondary data.

Research Design

To organize this report, the author has considered the theoretical approach of Malhotra, as this process is perfect while in-depth market estimation is crucial to assess the UAE market. However, the researcher will concentrate both on quantitative and qualitative but he gave more focus on qualitative data, as SWOT, PESTEL, Porter five forces, marketing strategy, and other external factors would be based on qualitative data.

Primary Research Approach

Saunders, Thornhill, and Lewis (102) and Yin (78) expressed that primary data need to originate to serve a specific purpose, such as, concentrate on the research problem or way out to remove these issues. However, this report will collect primary data to know the UAE market environment, customer choice, behavior, and prospect of this product. This information is important to develop a new product of Ford in the UAE market; so, the researcher will prepare a questionnaire by addressing relevant factors. However, the author will also consider 50 customers to collect primary data to assess the prospect of environmentally friendly Ford products to UAE customers. Also, the author will use Microsoft Excel to originate charts from the response of the selected 50 customers.

Secondary data

Zikmund (98) and Sekaran (45) pointed out that secondary data are more useful and reliable since these data have already been processed by renowned researchers. Malhotra (112) further added that these sources have also already been approved by supervisors, universities, or general readers. As a result, the qualitative data will assist the author to recognize the strategic dilemma easily and solution to solve these problems. Also, the researcher will use secondary data to organize most of the parts of this report excluding the market survey. However, the author will consider management books, reports of yahoo finance, country profile, annual report of Ford, and other internet sources to prepare a marketing plan for a new product of Ford in the UAE market.

Strength of Concept

Strength of the Product Idea

Ford Motors will be introducing a new product in the UAE market that the company distinguishes to be one of the most innovative products in its car-making history. This new car model has fully equipped with the latest technology integration causing a groundbreaking success for Ford’s R&D department. This new Ford model, known as “F-shammoTo” possesses several distinct qualities and features – the car is environmentally friendly because it has a non-pollutant emitting internal combustion engine that lessens emissions of compounds through a technology of catalytic conversion to cleanout the pollutants after combustion; moreover, this hybrid car version utilizes bio-fuel and ethanol.

When F-shampoo is stopped from driving, the gasoline-engine will shut down automatically without generating any noise, and stay off until the accelerator is pressed; moreover, the car has a touch-screen that displays images from rear-mounted-camera to show what is directly behind it as well as displaying and controlling many functions such as the audio system, A/C, and other systems. Although the car is five seated, its amazing internal designation is fabulously user friendly allowing the highest consolation to the consumers. Because the UAE has a high per capita income, Ford developed the product as a luxury car with a wonderful outlook in terms of style, size, shape, color, and other features. The main characteristics of the car have outlined in the following figure:

Features of F-shammoTo. 
Figure 1: Features of F-shammoTo. Source: Self-generated.

USP and Product Differentiation

The pricing of F-shammoTo has set by keeping in mind several factors, such as the manufacturing cost of the car, the per capita income of the UAE residents, and most importantly, the prices charged by the competitor companies for similar types of vehicles. Even though the car has been made such that it would attract luxury car purchasers, but the charge of this innovative Ford model is reasonable enough to be afforded by middle-income earners as well.

Its price is a little higher than that of the general Ford car models, but still quite less than the hybrid cars of Toyota, BMW, Honda, etc. Initially, F-shampoo will be available at dirham 73125 (19500 dollars) to the customers. After a couple of months, Ford may increase its price by 10 percent to 15 percent depending on the demand of the market, and by analyzing the extent to which people feel appreciated about the car.

Academic Support

SWOT analysis

Being such a large business in the global automotive market, it would not be a big deal for Ford motors to develop its new product in the UAE market. It is important to note that Ford will consider developing the new product considering its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats:

SWOT Analysis of Ford Motor. 
Figure 2: SWOT Analysis of Ford Motor. Source: Self-generated.

Strengths

Ford Motors is renowned for manufacturing the finest automobiles including cars and other automotive vehicles; it is one of the leading manufacturers of automobiles in the world;

The company has goodwill for product superiority and consumer satisfaction and its vehicles are very dependable and fuel-efficient;

The company has provided the global industry with its product modernization; moreover, it ensures good labor associations and effectual supply chain management;

In conjunction with the distinction of car designation and improvement with expediency and console, Ford possess the capability to maintain incessant precision in engineering each vehicle to reduce consumer complaints, pollutant emissions, as well as ensuring safety measures;

The strong leadership of the company at its top management is one of the major things that would help the company with the development of its F-shampoo in the UAE market; such bold leadership provides constant help to the low-level workers to carry out their tasks more effectively.

Weaknesses

In several developing countries, consumers favor economical automobiles with high contentment in terms of longevity, but Ford is not paying enough attention to address these markets, which, in turn, is reducing the market segmentation of the company.

The company more often suffers from additional costs imposed by increasing employee turnover in some parts of its operating markets.

Opportunities

The strategy makers of the company have decided to extend its product line to include stylish luxury cars like F-shampoo in some countries outside the UAE which could be quite moneymaking;

The company has a prospect to penetrate the market of some third world countries;

It will be focusing on enhancing its IT infrastructural requirements to ensure operational effectiveness and customer gratification.

Threats

Owing to the international economic turmoil, the firm’s operations were pessimistically hampered during FY2009 as the consumer confidence decreased significantly;

The rival businesses such as General Motor, Honda, and Toyota are a major threat for Ford; other possible risks for the company are bad debts, postponements, terminations of sale orders, commotions to get competitive advantages, for instance, frozen of the credit market, unstable price of raw materials, etc.

BCG matrix

The BCG matrix is a permutated progression procedure to appraise Ford Motor’s market circumstances in context to the relative market growth rate in addition to relative market share; for a better understanding, this has demonstrated in the following figure:

BCG matrix for Ford Motors.
Figure 3: BCG matrix for Ford Motors. Source: Self-generated.

Star: As a result of the high growth rate and high market share, the automotive company was in this section earlier to the global economic downturn; however its goodwill has seriously damaged during the economic crisis as it failed to stay in this section;

Cash cow: The company is currently under this section as this section indicates the low growth with high market share businesses;

Dog: Ford do not occupy this section as it shows low-growth with low-share companies that require a large investment for further advancement;

Question mark: Some rivals of Ford clutch the position of Question mark in the global economic downturn as they experienced some level of growth in several countries where the effect of the recession was not severe.

PESTEL Analysis of Ford Motors. 
Figure 4: PESTEL Analysis of Ford Motors. Source: Self-generated.

Political factors

Foreign direct investment policies of a foreign government, unfriendly governmental attitude in foreign countries like Venezuela, the unsteady atmosphere in South Asia, range of governmental incentives, e.g. tax-exclusion and tax-credit of automobile pool lanes, and so on are putting great impacts on the global automobile industry (Ford 48). However, it is notable that the governmental policies of the UAE are business-friendly and Ford operations have not hampered by its political affluence. Also, launching new products are not subjected to these factors.

Economic factors

The global automobile industry could be influenced by alterations in demand, increasing inflation rates, uneven interest rates, fluctuating exchange rates, rising taxation rates, and more recently, the global financial crisis has contributed to the lower expansion rate of the industry. According to NASDAQ (1), such unfavorable impacts of the recession were visible in the company’s revenue and consequently on its share prices; the following figure shows how the external economic environment of the industry affected the stock prices of the company from 2008 to 2009 period. Nevertheless, the share prices of the company are recovering from the very beginning of 2010 and it has expected that the company would not have any encumbrances in launching F-shampoo.

Five Years Share Price of Ford Motors.
Figure 5: Five Years Share Price of Ford Motors.

Socio-cultural factors

Ford is very much concerned about its social responsibilities; its annual CSR report includes opposing anti-social rudiments that pose a danger to society and it works jointly with the police and other correlated bodies for proper response in the UAE.

Technological factors

Ford carries out the R&D with most modern technologies making vehicles that are low-emitting, unique, and globally competitive focusing on the foremost technologies addressing ecological concerns; “F-shammoTo” is one such hi-tech car outfitted with flexible-fuel technology.

Environmental Factors

To ensure environmental safeguard, the company has strong obligations to undertake all the necessary steps for reducing emissions of poisonous gases in both its manufacturing plants and cars; to do so, the company has received numerous awards as well. It is significant that Ford’s new product F-shampoo is eco-friendly, which applies bio-ethanol and gasoline.

Legal Factors

Ford complies with all the legal and regulatory legislation of the UAE in carrying out its operations over there. These include compliance with the labor laws, environmental laws, and some other Islamic laws.

Porter five forces

Porter (3) pointed out that if the following forces are intense, almost no business organization can get attractive returns on investment, and as a result, it is important to assess current market competition:

Porter Five Forces Analysis of Ford.
Figure 6: Porter Five Forces Analysis of Ford.

Rivalry among Existing Firms

The global motor vehicle industry is remarkably competitive because of the subsistence of a large number of car producers along with their abundant offerings; also, Ford has to face numerous smaller and larger rivals in UAE; the potential competitors of the company are General Motors, Honda, Mitsubishi, Nissan, BMW, Volkswagen, Toyota, Skoda, Fiat, etc.

The threat of New Entrants

Threats from new entrants are quite low in the UAE industry because of various barriers to enter the market; new entrants more often lack adequate finances, proficiency, satisfactory knowledge about specialized car manufacturing methods, and skilled personnel. Furthermore, once established, it gets hard for the new players to sustain in the highly competitive business environment and to join in price competitions with the industry giants. Besides, the legal barriers and regulations pose adverse impacts for newcomers as well.

Bargaining Power of Buyers

Because of the presence of countless vehicle producers in UAE, the switching costs of the buyers are relatively high than any other industry sector; moreover, customer loyalty is also not significantly noticeable. Companies like Ford, Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Fiat, etc offer the cars relatively at the same prices for which it gets easier for the customers to select their desired piece of product from any one of them.

Bargaining Power of Suppliers

The bargaining powers of suppliers are average in the UAE because their numbers are high. These suppliers of raw materials more often compete with each other in terms of price and quality providing a good prospect for Ford to flourish in the UAE market with its new product items.

The Threat of Substitute Products

The existence of so many substitutes create practical difficulties for F-shampoo in the UAE market; this is because some other eco-friendly cars are present in the industry, like Toyota-Prius, Toyota-Camry, Lexus RX-400h, Honda-Civic, and Honda-Accord; nevertheless, it is important to note that F-Shimamoto possesses some unique features that are not present in any other substitute motor vehicles.

Market segmentation

Kotler and Armstrong (89) pointed out that market segmentation is the process of separating a market into distinct groups of target customers by taking into account their age, gender, diverse requirements, characters, or income structures. It is noteworthy that F-shampoo is a luxury car, fully equipped with all the special and distinct features, latest technologies along with fuel-efficiency and environmentally safe characteristics, ensuring the highest comforts of the user.

Even being such an exclusive model, the market of the car has been segmented by keeping in mind the income levels of all customers. The stylish features of the car will attract people from all age groups in the UAE and its eco-friendly traits will focus on engaging conscious and knowledgeable customers to buy the car.

Target market

The following groups will be the target market of F-Shimamoto:

  • High-income earner seeking for comfort – Ford’s new product is a super deluxe that guarantees the highest ease and comfort;
  • People from all ages – Besides attracting people who value comfort over everything, F-shammoTo will also be a prime choice of the young residents of UAE because of its attractive outlook;
  • Conscious people – This car will also target those well-informed UAE citizens who have a good knowledge of the environmental pollutions caused by conventional car models, and who strive to cut down the rates of emissions.
  • Middle-income earners – The price of the car is not excessively high; its price has set keeping in mind the price of any other general Ford models so that it can target a mass market.

Market Position

After launching the product for the first time, F-shampoo will occupy a small part of the market. However, the company expects to capture a large part of the UAE’s market share with this car within a very short time. The figure below shows the positioning of F-shampoo in the market; it is apparent that this car is of high quality and is available at comparability lower price than BMW ActiveHyb and Toyota Prius:

Positioning map of F-shammoTo.
Figure 7: Positioning map of F-shammoTo.

Customer Choice

Kotler and Armstrong (105) suggest that consumer choices are generated when the external aspects such as marketing motivations and other stimulus transfers in the black box of the buyer where it goes through buyer characteristics and buyer’s decision-making process and finally transform into the consumer’s response in making up the choices:

How customers make their choice.
Figure 8: How customers make their choice.

Just in the way the consumer’s decision-making process is subjected to numerous inducements, this choice-making procedure in turn influences several factors as illustrated in the figure:

Influences acting in consumer choice.
Figure 9: Influences acting in consumer choice.

Business plan

Marketing Strategy

Competitive Advantage and differentiation

Ford invests a large amount of money for R&D to introduce F-shampoo that strives for eco-friendly, inventive, and distinct qualities by developed technology; this increased budget for research is more responsive in meeting customer demand, as the market is too competitive in terms of product, service, innovation, development cycle, loyalty, safety, price, and fuel economy. Ford has integrated SAP software, which facilitates the company to acquire a comprehensive and consistent view of every customer providing it with competitive advantages; in context, Ford maintains privacy policy and data protection system, the procedure for sales, complaint management, marketing campaign management, after-sales service, and facilitates the sharing of knowledge and encourages collaboration.

Pricing Strategy

Ford will build up the pricing strategy of F-shammoTo by keeping in mind all the necessary factors like the financial conditions of the UAE-based customers and the prices charged by its competitors for similar types of cars.

Promotion Strategy

The promotional activities of Ford are configured below:

Type of Promotion How the Promotion Could Attract the Target Customers
Billboards and Hoardings These can be very powerful if placed where the main clients of F-shammoTo will actually notice them; therefore it is best to place the billboards in places where the customers are frequent; moreover invigorating the boards with new and colorful designs would attract everyone
Television It is indeed very effective promotion for F-shammoTo if the advertisements are properly conducted and are broadcasted when large part of the population will have a possibility to watch the TV; in addition, the ads should be distinctive and eye-catching;
Direct mail Mail produced straightforwardly from Ford to its clients can be highly customized to go with their nature and types of choices; for examples, sending the list of features of F-shammoTo can undoubtedly influence their minds about making their choice to buying the preferred car
Electronic Mail These can be amazing means to getting the word out about F-shammoTo; it merely involves conniving Ford’s e-mail software to incorporate a “signature line” at the end of each of the e-mail messages; in fact, many e-mail software packages will involuntarily attach this signature line to the showrooms’ e-mail if preferred
Radio Key benefit of radio campaign is that they are more often less costly than TV-ads and many people listen to radio when, for example, they are in cars; additionally, a radio advertisement use to have wide-spread exposure by capturing a huge part of the audiences at the same time which means that F-shammoTo’s commercials could catch numerous clients altogether

Table 1: Promotional Tools of F-shammoTo. Source: Self-generated.

Distribution Strategy

To carry out the distribution process, F-shampoo will be available to the customers through Ford’s showrooms in the UAE, or through the local car dealers.

Financial plan

The financial plan for Ford to develop F-shampoo in the UAE market has been outlined below.

Important Assumptions

Key financial indicators: –

Automobile AED 5000000
Office supplies AED 300000
Infrastructural costs AED 500000
Building AED 500000
Marketing costs AED 8000000
Working capital AED 10700000
Bank reserve AED 19000000
Legal compliance AED 1000000
Transportation agencies contact AED 5000000
Event management AED 15000000
Entertainment AED 5000000
Training & development AED 1000000

Table 2: Key financial indicators. Source: Self-generated.

Projected Profit and Loss

Pro- forma income statement for 5 years
Items 2011 (AED) 2012 (AED) 2013 (AED) 2014 (AED) 2015 (AED)
Service revenue 14292500 16033560 16534700 16500000 18042300
Sales 13292500 15033560 15000000 14960000 16492300
Interest 1000000 1000000 1534700 1540000 1550000
Operating expenses 14292500 14033560 14034700 13885980 14042300
Salary 4185000 4640000 4650000 4600000 470000
Advertisement 950000 750000 850000 760000 850000
Sales promotion 650000 60000 570000 600000 600000
Marketing research 100000 80000 60000 50000 20000
Test marketing 150000 130000 80000 70000 70000
Utilities 40000 40000 40000 30000 30000
Depreciation 157500 153560 149700 145980 142300
Interest 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000
Transportation fee 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000
Legal fee 2000000 2000000 2000000 2000000 2000000
Event fee 3000000 3000000 3000000 3000000 3000000
Rent 40000 30000 35000 30000 30000
Entertainment 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000
Profit 0 (BEP) 2000000 2500000 2601402 4000000

Table 3: Projected Profit and Loss. Source: Self-generated.

Projected Cash Flow

Pro-forma balance sheet: – For the year 2011.

Assets AED Liabilities & owners equity AED
Auto mobile 5000000 Bank loan 56000000
Office supplies 300000 Capital 24000000
Land 500000 Interest 600000
Building 500000
Less: Depreciation 157500
Total fixed assets 6142500
Bank A/ C 28000000
Cash 30000000
Accounts receivable 15457500
Interest 1000000
Total 80600000 80600000

Table 4: Pro-forma balance sheet for 2011. Source: Self-generated.

For the year 2012

Assets AED Liabilities & owners equity AED
Fixed assets 6142500 Bank loan 56000000
Less: Depreciation 153560 Capital 24000000
Net fixed assets 5988940 Interest 600000
Bank A/ C 3000000 Net income 2000000
Cash 32311060
Accounts receivable 13300000
Interest 1000000
Total 82600000 82600000

Table 5: Pro-forma balance sheet for 2012. Source: Self-generated.

For the year 2013.

Assets AED Liabilities & owners equity AED
Fixed assets 5988940 Bank loan 56000000
Less: Depreciation 149700 Capital 24000000
Net fixed assets 5839240 Interest 600000
Bank A/ C 35000000 Net income 2500000
Cash 15373940
Accounts receivable 13500000
Interest 1534700
Total 83100000 83100000

Table 5: Pro-forma balance sheet for 2013. Source: Self-generated.

For the year 2014.

Assets AED Liabilities & owners equity AED
Fixed assets 5988940 Bank loan 56000000
Less: Depreciation 145980 Capital 24000000
Net fixed assets 5842960 Interest 600000
Bank A/ C 35200000 Net income 2614020
Cash 55882960
Accounts receivable 13300000
Interest 1540000
Total 83214020 83214020

Table 6: Pro-forma balance sheet for 2014. Source: Self-generated.

For the year 2015.

Assets AED Liabilities & owners equity AED
Fixed assets 5842960 Bank loan 56000000
Less: Depreciation 142300 Capital 24000000
Net fixed assets 5700660 Interest 600000
Bank A/ C 40000000 Net income 4000000
Cash 46349340
Accounts receivable 15000000
Interest 1550000
Total 108600000 108600000

Table 7: Pro-forma balance sheet for 2015. Source: Self-generated.

Projected Balance Sheet

Pro- forma cash flows for 5 years
Items 2011 (AED) 2012 (AED) 2013 (AED) 2014 (AED) 2015 (AED)
Cash flows from operating activities 0 2000000 2500000 2614020 4000000
Add: Depreciation 157500 153560 149700 145980 442300
Less: Accounts receivable 157500
15457500
2153560
13300000
2649700
13500000
2760000
13300000
4142300
15000000
Cash flows from investing activities (15300000)
6300000
(11146440)
6300000
(10850300)
6300000
(10540000)
6300000
(10857700)
6300000
Cash flows from financing activities 39000000 37157500 19924240 60122960 50907040
Cash at the end of the year 30000000 32311060 15373940 55882960 46349340

Table 8: Projected Balance Sheet. Source: Self-generated.

Break-even Analysis

As the Pro-forma income statement suggests, Ford will be able to reach the break-even point for the development of its new product within the first year of its commencement in the market. This is the stage where the revenue generated from F-shampoo will be AED14292500, which is equal to the total cost of AED14292500, indicating the break-even point that has graphically represented as the following:

Break-Even Point of F-shammoTo.
Figure 10: Break-Even Point of F-shammoTo.

Milestone Schedule

Timing and objectives

By the end of 2010 Ford will survey the market to find out what is the prospect of launching F-shampoo in the UAE;

Ford will introduce F-shampoo in 2011; therefore it would be allocating the total capital within the first quarter of 2011;

Immediately after launching the new product in the second quarter of 2011, the company will start advertising it on the television, print, and other forms of mediums;

The company expects to observe profit from F-Shimamoto’s sales from the very beginning of 2012.

Also, the following table will show more elaborately the work detail and the milestone scheduling for the new product development.

Deadline and milestone

Year/Month
2011 2011 2011 2011
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Primary-functions of Ford Motors
Reviewing the new product development plan once again oo
Preparing the pricing strategy
Appointing other co-workers and staff for the new showrooms oo
Purchasing initial stuffs for decoration of the showrooms
Finding out suitable place for the showrooms oo
Purchasing all the equipments required to refurbish any of the car’s engines oo
Start working to decorate the showrooms oo
Market Research by research-team
Market survey to evaluate other-factors oo
Executing Strategies
Promotional acts in internet oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
Check success of Marketing-plan and policy oo
Instigate advertising on TV oo oo
Start F-shammoTo’s Operations F-shammoTo will start the operations from the second quarter of 2011
Special-offers or surprise packages for F-shammoTo’s customers oo oo

Table 9: Milestone Scheduling for F-shammoTo. Source: Self-generated.

Findings and Result

Can eco-friendly cars for lower down pollutions:

Amongst 50 respondents, 70% of customers believe that eco-friendly cars can lower pollutions, whereas 30% disagree with this.

Eco-friendly Cars. 
Figure 11: Eco-friendly Cars. Source: Self-generated from collected primary data.

Is driving comfort more essential than an interior decoration

About 58% of customers appreciate comfort to be the most important thing whilst the rest 34% emphasized on decoration. However, 2% of respondents do not comment on anything on this.

Driving comfort.
Figure 12: Driving comfort.

Making large investments for a stylish outlook

For 52% of customers, a stylish outlook is more important than price, but the rest 48% is not ready to pay high for a good outlook.

Stylish Outlook.
Figure 13: Stylish Outlook.

Can fuel-efficiency lower down fuel consumption rates?

About 80% of people agreed to the fact that fuel efficiency lessens fuel consumption rate; conversely, 16% of people disagreed and the rest 4% have not commented anything on this.

Fuel-efficiency.
Figure 14: Fuel-efficiency.

Do higher prices ensure better quality?

More than 62% of respondents think that higher prices can ensure better quality whereas 38% denied this fact.

Better-quality.
Figure 15: Better-quality.

Works Cited

Ford. Annual Report 2009: One Ford. Web.

Kotler, Philip, and Armstrong Gary. Principles of Marketing. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall, 2006. Print.

Malhotra, Naresh. Marketing Research- An Applied Orientation. London: Prentice-Hall, 2009. Print.

NASDAQ. Ford Motor Credit Company (F) Stock Charts. 2010. Web.

Saunders, Mark. Thornhill Adrian, and Lewis Philip. Research Methods for Business Students. London: FT Prentice Hall, 2006. Print.

Sekaran, Uma. Research Method for Business. London: John Wiley & Sons, 2006. Print.

Yin, Robert. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 2003. Print.

Zikmund, William. Business Research Methods. Orlando: Harcourt Publishers. 2006. Print.

Appendix

Questionnaire

  • To what extent do you agree that it is important to use eco-friendly cars for lowering pollutions?
    • [Yes]
    • [No]
    • [No-comments]
  • Do you appreciate that driving comfort is more essential than interior decoration?
    • [Yes]
    • [No]
    • [No-comments]
  • Are you interested to make large investments for a stylish outlook?
    • [Yes]
    • [No]
    • [No-comments]
  • Can fuel efficiency lower down the rate of fuel consumption by car engines?
    • [Yes]
    • [No]
    • [No-comments]
  • Do you think that higher car prices ensure better quality?
    • [Yes]
    • [No]
    • [No-comments].
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