Effects of Steroid Use on Bone Tissue and Marrow

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Table of Contents

Introduction
Types of Steroids
Effects on Bone Tissue
Effects on Bone Marrow
Side Effects of Long-Term Use
Conclusion
References

Introduction

Steroids are a diverse group of organic compounds utilized for various purposes, including sports, medical treatments, and inflammatory diseases. It is crucial to comprehend the impacts of these steroids on bone tissue and bone marrow, as different types of steroids can have different effects.

Types of Steroids

Anabolic steroids, synthetic derivatives of the testosterone hormone, are commonly used in sports to improve athletic performance and build muscle mass. Conversely, corticosteroids, steroid hormones produced by the adrenal gland, are used to treat inflammatory diseases and reduce swelling (Yao et al., 2020). Corticosteroids such as prednisone, hydrocortisone, and methylprednisolone are commonly prescribed for medical treatments.

Effects on Bone Tissue

Anabolic steroids can elevate the production of sex hormone-binding globulin, decreasing testosterone availability to support bone growth. Long-term use of corticosteroids can also harm bone tissue, leading to decreased bone mineral density and an increased risk of fractures(Mir et al., 2022). Corticosteroids interfere with the normal balance of bone remodeling, leading to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation.

Effects on Bone Marrow

Anabolic steroid use over an extended period can cause a decline in the production of red and white blood cells and platelets. This can result in anemia, increased susceptibility to infections, and increased risk of bleeding (Chang et al., 2020). Corticosteroids can also impact the production of blood cells in the bone marrow, suppressing the production of white blood cells, which play a crucial role in fighting infections.

Side Effects of Long-Term Use

They can cause various side effects, including acne, increased body hair, infertility, decreased libido, impotence in men, and a deepened voice in women. Long-term use of corticosteroids can result in weight gain, increased risk of infections, and an increased risk of developing other health problems such as diabetes and osteoporosis (Chang et al., 2020). Corticosteroids can cause adrenal suppression, which can be life-threatening if not treated.

Conclusion

Steroids profoundly impact bone tissue and bone marrow, and both anabolic steroids and corticosteroids can cause negative effects. Anabolic steroids can reduce bone growth and density, as well as decrease the production of blood cells in the bone marrow. Corticosteroids can cause a loss of bone mineral density and suppress the production of white blood cells. Long-term use of both types of steroids can have various side effects, including weight gain, increased risk of infections, and an increased risk of developing other health problems.

References

Chang, C., Greenspan, A., & Gershwin, M. E. (2020). The pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical manifestations of steroid-induced osteonecrosis. Journal of autoimmunity, 110, 102460. Web.

Mir, A. H., Dumka, V. K., Sultan, F., & Lonare, M. K. (2022). Genotoxic effects of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol in human breast cells (in vitro) and bone marrow cells of female mice (in vivo). Drug and chemical toxicology, 45(4), 1493–1499. Web.

Yao, D., Liu, N. N., & Mo, B. W. (2020). Assessment of proliferation, migration and differentiation potentials of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells labeling with silica-coated and amine-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Cytotechnology, 72(4), 513–525. Web.

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