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The world economy has changed since world war. Perhaps the most fundamental change is the emergence of global markets; responding to new opportunities global competitors have steadily displaced or absorbed local ones. Concurrently, the integration of the world economy has increased significantly. Economic integration stood at 10 percent at the beginning of the 20th century; today, it is approximately 50 percent. Integration is particularly striking in two regions, the European Union and the North American.
Almost 30 years ago, the world was far less integrated than it is today. One of the evidences of the changes that have taken place is the technological advancements.
Within the past decade, there have been several remarkable changes in the world economy. Organizations stand a better chance of achieving succes when plans and strategies are based on the new realities of the changed world economy.
When World War II ended, the United States was the onlyajor country that had not been devastated by war. The size of the U.S. economy had almost doubled during the war and the U.S. dominated the world economically, politically and militarily. In this scenario, many U.S. firms started making substantial direct investments in foreign primary industries such as oil products and mining. Technological development and product design remained focused on the United States market at home. American-owned multinationals generally viewed the rest of the world as source of raw materials, cheap labor and supplemental markets.
In the mid-1950s, U.S. companies started to make substantial direct investments in foreign manufacturing facilities. In the 1960s, it was American service firms—banks, insurance companies, marketing consultants, and the like that expanded overseas. In time, however, as purchasing increased abroad, especially im Europe and Japan, their domestic product prospered. Eventually overseas producers expanded beyond their national boundaries, entering the international marketplace. Although these foreign competitors initially relied on U.S. technology, lower costs evsntually gave them a competitive advantage. Today, they have taken the initiative in developing and improving technology, and this has furthered their competitiveness.
Western Europe’s firms—particularly in such industries as chemicals, electric gear, pharmaceuticals amd tires— started to respond in the late 1960s by setting up and acquiring U.S. affliates. So did the giant Japanese trading companies particularly during the 1980s, when they were trying to circumvent protectionist U.S. legislation that would cut their access to the American market. To lower their manufacturing costs, Japanese and U.S. companies also started to invest in facilities in newly developing nations such as the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand.
As a result, international trade and competition have intensified in recent years. More than one-quarter of all the goods produced in the world now cross international boundaries. While nearly Three-quarters of the goods in the United States face foreign competition.War is a state of period of fighting between countries or groups of people. Its a situation which a nation enforces have rights by using force. Most wars are called armed conflicts it involves the use of weapons, a military organization and soldiers.
We consider the intergenerational effects of four features of conflict: violence, challenges to mental health, infection and malnutrition. The effects of war may also be destruction of land and property, infrastructure, businesses, banishment of citizens, even post-traumatic stress disorder of the people that witnessed the war. In wars it is not only soldiers that die on the battlefield. It also carried the destruction to non-armed as well so that today many more civilians— women, children, old men–die in battles than do soldiers.
The environment has the most destroyed of war and armed conflict. From the contamination of land and the destruction of forests to the plunder of natural resources and the collapse of management systems, the environmental consequences of war are often devastating and it might results downfall of the economy, breakdown of health services and schooling, on a background of economic decline, supply constraint and raw products may be become extinct. Also, businesses and other industries will surely be affected. The diversion of resources away from healthcare and food supply to military expenditure in war can adversely affect population health. Food resources may be destroyed deliberately as a means of harm or population control. It will cause illness and malnutrition.
War can cause implications that can be remarkable to each of everyone. People may witness violence which can leads to psychological illness—children, elderly and the disabled are more affected and vulnerable to this. The most common conditions are depression, anxiety and psychosomatic disorders, but the most widely studied in relation to conflict is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mental health conditions are common during conflicts yet the effects of psycholgical illness is significant and it can be endless because, trauma leaves physical mark.
Conflict causes injury, illness and breakdown in the structures that provide preventive, curative and ameliorative care. It has profound effects on society that form a permissive framework for the effects we describe. It is generally thought that experiencing violence as a child is a risk factor for committing child abuse as an adult there is a danger that maladaptive behaviors are passed on to the next generation. Women are at particular risk of combatant and civilian injury, and of interpersonal violence. Violence against women increases in times of conflict through targeted acts, such as rape and domestic or intimate-partner violence. Sexual violence, including rape, assault, trafficking and prostitution, increases during many conflicts due to the breakdown of traditional safety structures. It may also be used as an intentional strategy of domination, as reported in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda
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