Diabetes Type 2 from Management Viewpoint

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Table of Contents

Introduction
Research Problem
Research Objectives
Literature Review
Methodology
Conclusion
Reference

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic issue of late adulthood described by a reduction in glucose take-up from the blood and causing hyperglycemia (high glucose levels). For certain people, this prompts a physiological condition known as “insulin opposition” in which the chemical insulin turns out to be less viable at the process of bringing down glucose. Having acknowledged the significance of the disease and the potential consequences, it is necessary to discuss the management plan for diabetes centers and propose a methodology for data collection.

Research Problem

The recent findings demonstrate that there has been an increase in number of type 2 diabetes diagnoses. The overall amount of patients affected by the sickness is approximately 415 million people, and diabetes type 2 accounts for the majority of the cases (Chatterjee, Khunti & Davies, 2017). In general, such trends are observed due to the global increase in obesity rates and inactive lifestyles (Chatterjee et al. 2017). Therefore, the affected individuals should change their routine and incorporate exercises and proper diet. Nevertheless, in some cases, medical intervention is necessary, and the current paper attempts to analyze how the diabetes centers and governmental organizations manage the problem.

Research Objectives

Demonstrate the effects of type 2 diabetes and provide background information on the disease;
Discuss the management plans of diabetes centers and critically analyze the frameworks implemented in the hospitals;
Examine the existing methodology models and demonstrate the data collection methods.

Literature Review

As mentioned briefly before, the analyzed disease might cause long-term consequences on the patients. Approximately 33% of insulin opposition will evolve into persistent hyperglycemia and ultimately into type 2 diabetes (Chatterjee et al., 2017). Concerning the management in diabetes centers, the guidelines for healthcare services differ in various parts of the world. For instance, in the US, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) proposes guidelines for working with patients with diabetes (Chamberlain et al. 2017). These recommendations concern the types of diseases, pharmacological treatment, management plans, and even suggest the changes in lifestyles for patients (Chamberlain et al. 2017). From the management point of view, the guidelines provide an effective structure of medical care and stages of therapy (Chamberlain et al. 2017). Overall, the written regulations concerning the management plans might greatly enhance the effects of the therapy.

On the other hand, the American standards are not accepted universally in the world, and other countries implement their own guidelines. For instance, the Korean Diabetes Association provides slightly different recommendations concerning T2DM (Kim et al. 2019). Furthermore, a high number of independent researchers investigate the disease and provide innovative methods of treatment. For instance, Bus et al. suggest guidelines on the prevention of foot ulcers for the patients affected by T2DM (2019). At the same time, some experts focus on the management and assess the trends in hospital admission (Zhong, Juhaeri & Mayer-Davis, 2018). Ultimately, the collaborative effort of state-funded organizations and independent researchers might advance the current limitations.

Methodology

Research Design

The research design is primarily quantitative and implies specific objectives, methods, data collection, and statistics.

Sample size

Sampling is highly significant for effective research, and the sample size generally varies from several hundreds of respondents up to thousands.

Data Collection

Data is primarily gathered via interviews, observation, and surveys. In their research, Zhong et al. have utilized the CPRD, which is one of the largest databases of medical records (2018). In separate research, Karimi, Abedini, and Mohseni have implemented observation and questioning as their primary source of data collection (2017). Overall, the gathering of the information is the crucial point of the study, and quantitative research generally operates the aforementioned methods.

Questioning

A questionnaire is a significant component of quantitative research and might heavily influence the results of the study. For instance, in the study of behavioral patterns of patients with T2DM, the authors have comprised a questionnaire of two separate sections concerning the survey, included three groups of people with different backgrounds and health complications, and lifestyles (Karimi et al. 2017). Based on these criteria, the authors have designed the questions accordingly to achieve the most illustrative and transparent results. In the research of foot ulcers in patients with T2DM, the authors have also utilized the PICO (Patient-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome) methodology which consists of a systematic questioning of the patients (Bus et al. 2019). Overall, surveys are highly effective to gather information and build a solid foundation for the research.

Observation

Observation is another method of data collection that is frequently utilized in data collection in medical research. This model is particularly effective to recognize the behavioral patterns and their influence on the health of the patients. Additionally, this method might be implemented to draw conclusions concerning the management of diabetes centers and other hospitals. Nevertheless, this model has several limitations and operates better in combination with other frameworks.

Conclusion

Overall, the current paper has provided background information on type 2 diabetes mellitus, examined the management plans of diabetes centers and the provided guidelines, and analyzed the primary models of data collection in the methodology section. T2DM is a severe disease that requires improvements in both clinical and management aspects of healthcare. Therefore, it is essential to continually conduct research to get insights into innovative methods of treatment and effective management plans.

Reference

Bus., S., Lavery, L., Monteiro-Soares, M., Rasmussen, A., Raspovic, A., Sacco, I., & van Netten, J. (2019). Guidelines on the prevention of foot ulcers in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update). Diabetes & Metabolism Research and Reviews, 36, Web.

Chamberlain, J. J., Herman, W. H., Leal, S., Rhinehart, A. S., Shubrook, J. H., Skolnik, N., & Kalyani, R. R. (2017). Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes: Synopsis of the 2017 American Diabetes Association standards of medical care in diabetes. Annals of Internal Medicine, 166(8), 572. Web.

Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J. (2017). Type 2 diabetes. The Lancet, 389(10085), 2239-2251, Web.

Kim, M. K., Ko, S. –H., Kim, B. –Y., Kang, E. S., Noh, J., Kim, S. –K., Park. S. –O, Hur, K., Chon, S., Moon, M., Kim, N., Kim, S., Rhee, S., Lee, K., Kim., Rhee, E., Chun, S., Yu, S., Kim, D., Kwon, H., Park, K., & Korean Diabetes Association. (2019). 2019 clinical practice guidelines for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 43, 398-406, Web.

Zhong, V. W., Juhaeri, J., & Mayer-Davis, E. J. (2018). Trends in hospital admission for diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in England, 1998–2013: A retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Care, 41(9), 1870–1877. Web.

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