Development and Testing among Undergraduate Nursing Students

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Table of Contents

Introduction
Problem Statement
Purpose Statement
Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring and Healing: Background
Kristen Swanson’s Theory: Key Components
Conclusion
References

Introduction

This presentation has been developed to meet the following objectives:

Explore a current clinical practice problem in mental health nursing
Analyze a middle-range nursing theory pertaining to the mental health field
Apply the theory’s concepts to the practice problem

Problem Statement

Practice problem of interest:

Stigma and internalized stigma of mental illness within ethnic and racial minority communities
The intersectional impact: stigma – ethnicity status, migration, socio-economic conditions (Eylem et al., 2020; Memon et al., 2016)
Effects on nursing care: barriers to seeking treatment, refusals to take medications, internalization of harmful stereotypes (Eylem et al., 2020; Memon et al., 2016)

Purpose Statement

Purpose: Applying Swanson’s theory of caring and healing to identify prerequisites to well-being in minority clients with mental disorders will assist nurses in developing strategies to prevent stigma from affecting patient care and outcomes

Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring and Healing: Background

A middle-range theory developed in the 1990s
Mental health nursing and patients with traumatic experiences (pregnancy issues, miscarriage, mental disease, nursing education, etc.)
Swanson outlines caring as a sequence of five distinct categories, ranging from appropriate beliefs to actions (Mårtensson et al., 2020)

Kristen Swanson’s Theory: Key Components

Caring
Maintaining belief (offering a “hope-filled attitude” or “realistic optimism”) (Mårtensson et al., 2020, p. 2)
Knowing (avoiding assumptions, centering on the person, seeking cues)
Being with (conveying availability, sharing feelings)
Doing for (protecting, preserving dignity)
Enabling (supporting, explaining, giving feedback) (Mårtensson et al., 2020)
Client’s well-being

Conclusion

Swanson’s theory of caring and healing can inform the creation of anti-stigma caring strategies.

Strengths:

Adaptability to patients’ unique educational and care needs
Addressing stigma-inducing beliefs in care providers and vulnerable clients

References

Campbell, R. D., & Mowbray, O. (2016). The stigma of depression: Black American experiences. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 25(4), 253-269.

Eylem, O., de Wit, L., van Straten, A., Steubl, L., Melissourgaki, Z., Danısman, G. T., de Vries, R., Kerkhof, A. J. F. M., Bhui, K., & Cuijpers, P. (2020). Stigma for common mental disorders in racial minorities and majorities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-20. Web.

Hammer, J. H., & Toland, M. D. (2017). Internal structure and reliability of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI-29) and Brief Versions (ISMI-10, ISMI-9) among Americans with depression.Stigma and Health, 2(3), 159-174. Web.

Mårtensson, S., Hodges, E. A., Knutsson, S., Hjelm, C., Broström, A., Swanson, K. M., & Björk, M. (2020). Caring behavior coding scheme based on Swanson’s theory of caring: Development and testing among undergraduate nursing students. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 1-11.

Memon, A., Taylor, K., Mohebati, L. M., Sundin, J., Cooper, M., Scanlon, T., & de Visser, R. (2016). Perceived barriers to accessing mental health services among black and minority ethnic (BME) communities: A qualitative study in Southeast England. BMJ Open, 6(11), 1-9.