Critical Review of Chapter 1 and 2 of the book Globalization: A Very Short Introduction, by Manfred B. Steger

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Table of Contents

The Problem
Dimension of the problem
Evaluating evidence
Type of evidence
Data representation
Data interpolation
Conclusion
References

The Problem

The world is undergoing massive globalisation that has been favoured by scientific inventions and inventions of efficient communication and transport networks. One of the strongest pillars of globalisation is international trade and international collaboration in making global decisions on various issues like the environment, governance and human rights. Globalisation can be categorised into economic and political globalisation; this paper discusses the differences between economic and political globalisation.

Dimension of the problem

Different countries have different resources; they thus can produce some item more cheaply than their counterpart’s countries; trade among countries is facilitated by the differences in resource distribution making a certain region have the advantage of producing some commodities than other.

The advantaged country then decides to export those products that it can produce cheaply and efficiently and import those that it cannot. To have such an operation mechanism, governments of the trading countries must be involved to have policies and control mechanisms, the issue of political globalisations then comes into the picture.

Evaluating evidence

Economic globalization is the term used to refer to interdependence of different countries through their trading: world countries have different potentials so when some commodities have been produced in one country (the country with comparative or absolute advantage), then they get access to international markets facilitating trade.

The uneven distribution of natural and human resources is the major source of forces of trade, some countries can produce a certain commodity that is required in another country and export the commodity: in return the exporting country get what it cannot produce effectively.

International trade supports economic globalisation and regional or international agreements to perform certain duties in a way prescribed by the abiding parties. International trade is controlled by international trade policies or through regional government policies; it generally involves the importation and exportation of goods and services. with economic globalisation, people are able to produce more commodities since there is ready market for their produce.

It can be in the form of an F.T.A. (Free Trade Agreement), whereby there is no restrictions to trade or W.T.O. (World Trade Organization) where trade is regulated by an internationally body. The main agenda by international trade regulating bodies is to ensure that there is fair trade among countries and where possible to have free trade among them.

Economic globalisation has resulted to a number of benefits to the countries engaging in the trade, they are able to maximize their available resources since there is ready market; when there is a competitive market, people tend to look for better ways of utilizing the available resources thus they utilize the resource better. Population of a country stands to benefit since when there is trade, they can get the much needed commodities for their consumption; this increases the solvenity of consumers.

The major short coming of economic integration is that come countries will be left as net importers thus their economic growth will be hampered. International trade operated under the rule of comparative and absolute trade, some countries may not have this advantage and if it is there, then they lack the expertise to exploit them. Such countries economic situation deteriorates as more trade continues (Schulte, 2000).

Political globalisation involves itself with the integration of governing policies and ensuring that some legislation that cut across the board for member countries. The model of globalisation takes the form of regional nations or they may involve international nations. From a political point of view, globalisation is seen as an understanding among countries for their own benefit or for the benefit of the world in general. There are some incidences of political globalisation and integration.

For, instance the role played by the European Union (EU), can be interpolated t have elements of political globalisation, this is so because the integration of the nation members makes it that when one country is making a decision, it has to interpolate and consider the implication that the decision it will make will have on other countries. it will aim to make that decision that will be considered ethical.

An ethical decision is the decision that will cause no harm to the majority of the people. International agreements are other forms of political globalisation; countries are held accountable for such legislations for example the Kyoto protocol was supposed to instil discipline in member countries so that they will not pollute the environment.

Type of evidence

The writer analysis the trend in the world, and how relations among countries are developing, he does not stay blind to emerging needs among societies and countries that governments and international bodies are looking and concerned. It thus has a historical, statistical and abstract touch.

Data representation

The writer presented the two topics in a straightforward manner; in either the topics, he started by expounding and explaining what the terms given are meant to imply then develops the chapter in a manner that connects the current position in the world with the topics under discussion.

Data interpolation

The data can be interpolated in different ways since human beings understands things from different angles, however what is coming out is a clear difference between economic and political globalisation (Manfred, 2003).

Conclusion

International trade and scientific innovation are strong pillars of globalisation: economic globalisation is concerned about trade among countries while political globalisation is about binding policies to control trade and movement of factors of production across borders.

References

Manfred, B.(2003).Globalization: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Schulte, J. A. (2000). Globalization: a critical introduction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

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