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Construction Management
There have been immense construction projects in China, the U.S. and India. This has resulted in huge consumptions of energy, as well as other resources.
India
The construction sector in India is estimated at 100 billion dollars. Globally, the country is among the top ten nations, which spend a lot in construction projects. This is attributable to the governments spending, foreign direct investment, and private investments. India manufactures close to two hundred and fifty million tons of cement, which places it second to China. According to the Global Construction 2020 report, India is likely to be the 3rd biggest construction market globally, with the USA and China taking the first positions.
India is aware that there is a need to curb infrastructure bottlenecks, which will ensure improved living standards for the masses. It is worth noting that the federal government has declared its commitment to the eleventh 5 years plan. This will direct nine percent of the countrys GDP to infrastructural ventures.
A zenith body of the federal, the National Planning Commission has projected dedicating 515 billion dollars to infrastructural schemes for the next five years. This will be used to construct ports, railways, highways, and bridges, among others (Robert et al 643).
China
While construction projects in India have majorly been internal, construction companies in China engage themselves in global improvement projects. These include Kenyas highways, Brazils power plants, Turkeys high- speed railways, and Dubais skyscrapers. In 2009, fifty Chinese companies were ranked among the top 225 global contractors.
The Chinese government gives the construction industry a lot of attention. This is because the industry has been a source of overseas revenue. Construction companies have to adhere to stringent domestic construction practices. Consequently, these companies have become a powerful force in the global construction market.
USA
In the United States, construction management mainly deals with assessing the resources and risks, which are probable in their construction projects. The U.S. government is aware that construction management is essential for the effectiveness of any project.
Contemporary construction management procedures have been accused of hindering trust between contractors and agencies. Furthermore, they prevent efficiency and innovation. In regard to this, the U.S. government appreciates the need for novel construction innovations and technologies in the industry.
Consequently, there is doubt whether the industry can perform efficiently (Sathaye and Stephen 330). Together with industry partners, highway agencies are considering principal construction and design management principles. Scan teams in the country recommend that the construction industry should invest in partnerships, and concentrate on projects that fulfill customer needs.
New Technologies and Innovations
India
India recognizes that novel innovations and technologies are significant to meet the construction needs in the country. Therefore, India has embraced dry-wall technique, Mivan technology, pre-fabricated construction, and slip form construction. These technological innovations have brought about significant benefits in the construction industry. Some of these technologies were introduced from Malaysia, China and Europe.
Mivan shuttering enhances timely projects and unique finishes. Through Mivan technology, 70% more steel is used, which increases the lifelong of a construction (Ghassemiand Ian 69). Painting can be done without plastering, and construction time is minimized by ten days. During construction, many companies use the de-watering technology, which saves cost and time. Moreover, reconstituted marble enhances uniform finishes during cladding and flooring.
China
The Chinese government has laid down policies to enhance scientific research development in the construction industry. The 10th 5-year plan had objectives aimed at coming up with high- techs, promoting technical innovation, and developing industrialization.
To ensure the implementation of technological reforms and promote the innovative capability of companies, several incentive policies were laid down. Some of the innovations and technologies include Integrated Circuit and Software industries, promoting basic researches, increasing industrialization, promoting adherence to international standards, and promoting global trade.
US
The new innovations and technologies in the country focus on meeting consumer needs. Moreover, they aim at minimal costs and better convenience, comfort, and beauty. To promote the technologies and innovations, there is a need for communication between partners. One of the technological approaches is turnkey, which has enabled the construction of steel, power, and chemical plants. The skyscrapers structural design has been extremely useful in cost reduction when constructing tall buildings.
Laws and Regulations (Labor and Environmental Law)
India
Every city has to adhere to a set of regulations and laws. These are in the form of construction bylaws, which are put into practice at the city and town level. This is carried out by the relevant municipalities and authorities. It is worth pointing out that the economy in India is growing at an alarming rate.
This implies that there have been immense developments and constructions. Consequently, the government has ensured measures that promote environment protection and construction safety. Government agencies have to adhere to NOCs (Non-Objection Certificates) for them to be permitted to proceed with construction (Sathayem and Stephen 328).
The Tree Authority has to establish whether there are important greeneries and trees at a plot before construction is permitted. Commercial properties have to be provided with a NOC by the chief fire officer. Construction plans are shown to the chief fire officer for them to assess whether the construction adheres to fire safety regulations.
Construction in India requires the Building Proposal Office to approve novel buildings development. The authorities then decide if the proposed structures should proceed. The office assesses ozoning, preservation and aesthetic procedures, and the socio- economic consequences the constructions will have (Dixon et al 80).
China
China considers green building as exceptionally significant, where majority of the construction projects have to be certified. The Chinese construction companies are making a mark in the worldwide construction market. This implies that there is a need for construction companies to pay keen attention to lawful risk management.
Law firms have been greatly dedicated to promoting the flourishment of construction practices. This has resulted in more legal teams. The Chinese construction companies adhere to the environmental and labor laws of the countries they work. Consequently,the country has been greatly rewarded for compliance and diligence in this area. To ensure adherence to these laws, the companies work hand-in-hand with law firms.
US
Similar to the case in India and China, the labor and environment laws have to be adhered to whenever a construction is taking place. The relevant authorities have to inspect the site and determine whether construction should proceed. Whenever a construction is taking place, child labor has to be avoided at all costs. Moreover, a conducive working environmentshould be ensured. The city municipality has to be aware of the construction. This promotes accountability and transparency.
Works Cited
Dixon, Robert K., et al. Integrated land-use systems: assessment of promising agro forest and alternative land-use practices to enhance carbon conservation and sequestration. Climatic Change 27.1 (1994): 71-92. Print.
Ghassemi, Fereidoun, and I. White.Inter-basin water transfer: case studies from Australia, United States, Canada, China and India. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print.
Robert, Christopher, et al. Empowerment and continuous improvement in the United States, Mexico, Poland, and India: Predicting fit on the basis of the dimensions of power distance and individualism. Journal of Applied Psychology 85.5 (2000): 643. Print.
Sathaye, Jayant, and S. Tyler. Transitions in household energy use in urban China, India, the Philippines, Thailand, and Hong Kong. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 16.1 (1991): 295-335. Print.
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