Discussion #4/Week 5 Topic: Research Methods: : How does an increasing sample si
Discussion #4/Week 5 Topic: Research Methods: : How does an increasing sample size affect measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) in a data set that is skewed?
Why is it important to consider the presence of outliers in your data?Answer these questions in depth and really go into detail!
Please write down your biography related with sport or PE (12 font size, minimum
Please write down your biography related with sport or PE (12 font size, minimum 2 full pages, single space).
Here are guiding questions to develop your biography in PE.
3. Please describe about positive and negative experience in your secondary school PE.
4. Please describe about what factors influence you to enter the field of PE /Kinesiology or sport coaching.
5. Please describe about why you decided to become a PE coach or sport coach.
6. Please describe about what kind of PE coach or sport you want to become.
7. Please describe about how you will utilize the knowledge of the secondary PE for your future job regardless of your concentration in the program.
Joe Davis Discussion Reply
Path-Goal and Leader-Member Exchange Leadership Theor
Joe Davis Discussion Reply
Path-Goal and Leader-Member Exchange Leadership Theories Analysis and Biblical Application
Path-Goal Theory and Achievement-Oriented Leadership
Achievement-oriented leadership, which falls under the Path-Goal Theory, is centered on the leader challenging the followers to motivate them to rise to the highest level. This theory centers on leaders setting the highest standards of excellence while seeking continued improvement and performance of the team. The leadership style is highlighted by the leader’s confidence in the team’s abilities as they strive to achieve their goal (Northouse, 2022). This approach raises the worker’s success and overall job satisfaction. This is done by setting the conditions where the workers are challenged and supported to do their best. Achievement-oriented leadership pushes the concepts of self-esteem and motivation so that when they are applied correctly, they produce a belief that hard work leads to success (Regent University, 2023).
Research conducted by Saleem et al. (2021) highlights that achievement-oriented leadership improves workers’ overall success and satisfaction by bringing to light an understanding of the connection between success and the overall effort of the employee and or team. This approach points towards the leader who pushes for organizational and member excellence, which can, in a major way, influence the team’s overall job satisfaction and performance.
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory and In-Group and Out-Group Dynamics
The Leader-Member Exchange Theory looks at the interactions between leaders and followers by placing relationships into in-groups and out-groups. In-group members benefit from higher trust and influence from the leader, increasing job satisfaction and overall employee and/or team performance. On the contrary, out-group members receive less support and are often confined to lower-level roles.
Liden et al. (2020) found that very good LMX relationships are highlighted by a strong level of trust and mutual respect, which leads to high job satisfaction and employee commitment. Poor or troubled LMX relationships are seen to have a decreased level of job satisfaction and an equally high turnover rate, which raises the idea that strong leader-follower relationships can and will boost organizational performance.
Biblical Application of Path-Goal Theory and Achievement-Oriented Leadership
Achievement-Oriented Leadership in the Bible
Nehemiah could be a great example of achievement-oriented leadership in the Bible. Nehemiah returned to Jerusalem to rebuild its walls despite facing significant challenges; Nehemiah set clear goals, motivated the people, and led by example, resulting in the successful completion of the project (Nehemiah 2:17-20). This mirrors the concept Merida (2015) described, which emphasizes leaders inspiring and pushing their followers toward ambitious objectives.
In-Group and Out-Group Dynamics in the Bible
The Leader-Member Exchange Theory’s focus on in-group and out-group dynamics is well-illustrated in the Bible. David’s relationship with his mighty men, as described in 2 Samuel 23:8-39, shows the benefits of high-quality leader-member exchanges. David’s close relationship with his elite warriors, built on trust and loyalty, reflects the positive aspects of in-group dynamics, where these warriors receive special attention and privileges.
On the other hand, the strained relationship between Saul and David, detailed in 1 Samuel 18-19, highlights the negative effects of poor leader-member exchanges. Saul’s mistrust and jealousy toward David placed him in an out-group position, leading to conflict and inefficiency within the kingdom (Merida, 2015).
Conclusion
The Path-Goal Theory’s achievement-oriented leadership and the Leader-Member Exchange Theory’s in-group and out-group dynamics offer valuable insights into effective leadership. Leaders can enhance their followers’ performance and satisfaction by setting clear goals and fostering strong, individualized relationships. Biblical examples, such as Nehemiah, David, and Saul, demonstrate these principles, showing their enduring relevance. Integrating these theories with biblical insights provides a robust framework for understanding and practicing effective leadership in various contexts.
Reference
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Stilwell, D. (2020). The relationship between leader-member exchange and employee outcomes: review of past themes and future potential. Management Review Quarterly. Retrievedfrom https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/27984/chapter/211674446Links to an external site.
Merida, T. (2015). Exalting Jesus in 1 & 2 Kings. B&H Publishing Group.
Northouse, P. G. (2022). Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). Sage Publications.
Regent University. (2023). An Investigation of Path-Goal Theory, Relationship of Leadership Style, Supervisor-Related Commitment, & Gender. Retrieved from Regent University. Retrieved from https://www.regent.edu/journal/emerging-leadership-journeys/investigation-of-path-goal-theory-relationship-of-leadership-style-supervisor-related-commitment-and-genderLinks to an external site.
Saleem, A., Wu, L., Aslam, S., & Zhang, T. (2021). Spotlight on Leadership Path-Goal Theory Silos in Practice to Improve and Sustain Job-Oriented Development: Evidence from Education Sector. Sustainability, 13(21), 12324. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12324inks to an external site.
The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. (2019). Crossway. (Nehemiah 2:17-20).
Christi Rapp Discussion Reply
Examining Path-Goal Theory and Leader-Member Exchange Theory
Introduction
Leadership is complex with multiple theories involving various approaches and styles. An examination of two leadership concepts, Path-Goal theory and Leader-Member Exchange theory will be conducted to reveal the relationship of these theories to leadership and their applications. Biblical perspectives from both Exalting Jesus in 1 and 2 Kings and the Bible related to leadership concepts will provide additional insights.
Path-Goal Theory
Path-Goal leadership theory indicates that leaders should engage in one or more styles based on follower characteristics and task characteristics. These characteristics together determine the most effective style or styles to engage in to impact the motivation of followers. There are four (4) leadership styles identified which are directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented behaviors. Directive leadership involves establishing clear expectations and eliminates uncertainty while supportive leadership involves caring for followers’ needs, treating them with dignity and respect, and making work enjoyable. Participative leadership involves engaging followers in the decision-making process by actively soliciting thoughts and opinions and incorporating these into decision making. Achievement-oriented leadership sets high expectations for followers to strive for and displays high confidence in their follower’s ability to achieve these stretch goals.
Awwad and Lafi (2023) conducted a study to examine the impact of path-goal leadership styles and marketing orientation of commercial banks. The study revealed that internal marketing mediates the relationship between path-goal leadership styles of supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented behaviors and market orientation. They describe internal marketing as efforts to motivate employees by prioritizing satisfaction and promoting employees to strengthen relationships and organizational commitment.
Leader-Member Exchange Theory
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory focuses on the dyadic relationship between leaders and followers which links follower performance to leadership styles. The quality of the relationship in early studies can create in- and out-groups where those followers in the in-group are more involved and in the know (Northouse, 2022, p. 159). LMX identifies three (3) phases of leadership development with the role of emotions lending to a construct of three (3) stages of affective processes and LMX development. Leadership development phases progress over time as the quality of exchanges between leader and follower moves from low to high which impacts how roles are defined and focus shifts from self interest to group interest. The three stages construct which incorporates the impact of emotions are role taking, role making and role routinization. Role taking involves the leader initiating relationships with followers and the importance of their emotions in developing the relationship. Role making involves leader and follower sharing similar emotions and become contagious. Role routinization is the impact of other members emotions on the formed relationship (Northouse, 2022, pp. 162-165). LMX links leadership styles to follower performance through relation-oriented exchanges (Young et al., 2021, p. 1258).
Conclusion
The examination of path-goal theory and leader-member exchange theory reveals different methods for effective leadership. Path-goal theory emphasizes a balanced leadership approach to behaviors that should be deployed based on both the characteristics of the follower and the task while leader-member exchange emphasizes the importance of dyadic relationships between a leader and a follower (Echardt et al., 2021, p. 271). An example of Path-Goal theory directive leadership behavior in the bible is in Luke 11:1-4 where Jesus taught his disciples to pray by giving the Lord’s Prayer (King James Bible, 1769/2024). Additionally, the relationship of Elijah and Elisha shows the pair traversing the three (3) stages of affective process and LMX development. While Elisha initiated the relationship as he dedicated his life to God and service to Elijah, the exchanges between the two grew to Elisha regarding Elijah as a father and Elijah anointing Elisha as a prophet to replace him on his departure from this world (Merida, 2015).
References
Awwad, M. S., & Mohammad Lafi, F. (2023). Leadership style and market orientation: The mediating role of internal marketing. Journal of Relationship Marketing (Binghamton, N.Y.), 22(4), 299-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332667.2023.2205279inks to an external site.
Eckardt, R., Tsai, C., Dionne, S. D., Dunne, D., Spain, S. M., Park, J. W., Cheong, M., Kim, J., Guo, J., Hao, C., & Kim, E. I. (2021). Human capital resource emergence and leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(2), 269-295. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2446
King James Bible. (2024). King James Bible Online. https://www.bible.com (Original work published 1769)
Merida, T. (2015). Exalting Jesus in 1 & 2 Kings (D. Platt & D. L. Akin, Eds.). B & H Publishing Group.
Northouse, P. G. (2022). Leadership : theory and practice (Ninth edition.). SAGE
Young, H. R., Glerum, D. R., Joseph, D. L., & McCord, M. A. (2021). A meta-analysis of transactional leadership and follower performance: Double-edged effects of LMX and empowerment. Journal of Management, 47(5), 1255-1280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320908646
Discussion #4/Week 5 Topic: Research Methods: :
How does an increasing sample s
Discussion #4/Week 5 Topic: Research Methods: :
How does an increasing sample size affect measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) in a data set that is skewed?
Why is it important to consider the presence of outliers in your data?Answer these questions in depth and really go into detail!
Submission
Begin by researching ice-breakers and team building exercises. The a
Submission
Begin by researching ice-breakers and team building exercises. The articles above should get you started, but there are lots of other resources you might look up. What positive things can a good ice-breaker or team activity accomplish?
Now let’s talk about the pitfalls. What can make an ice-breaker or team building activity ineffective? What would you try to avoid if you were designing an icebreaker or team-building activity for a new team that you were managing? In this scenario, no one on the team, including you, has worked together before.
Select a quick icebreaker activity from the ones you’ve researched so far (or create a new one if you like). This should be something your entire team can do in about 5 minutes. If this is an online section, make sure it’s an icebreaker that is possible for your team to do remotely.
Educational Philosophy- Part I
Purpose:
This assignment is designed for you to b
Educational Philosophy- Part I
Purpose:
This assignment is designed for you to begin thinking about what your own philosophy is about how children learn. This assignment will have three parts along with peer reviews to help you come up with your own educational philosophy. You will have a couple of weeks to complete each part. You will receive credit for each part of this assignment. The final draft that you turn in will be worth 25 pts. The final draft of your educational philosophy will be due during finals week.
Instructions:
Part I
Please answer the questions below:What qualities, personal characteristics, and behaviors are important for teachers of young children?
What characteristics, values, and attitudes could you personally bring to the field of early childhood education?
How do young children learn best? What conditions are necessary for learning?
What are the features of a good learning environment?
What are some of the basic needs of children?
Part II
Now that you have completed Part I, it is time to put it all together. Using your responses to Part I, you will need to come up with a short essay 3-5 paragraphs that discusses the following:
Your views of education and the principles you value most.
The type of environment that you will provide for the children and their families.
Your role as a teacher.
Your goals as an educator.
You can visit the following websites for examples and additional support for writing your educational philosophy.
https://www.colorado.edu/career/2018/02/28/how-write-your-philosophy-education-statementLinks to an external site.
https://www.thoughtco.com/teaching-philosophy-examples-2081517Links to an external site.
https://oregonstate.edu/instruct/ed416/sample.html
For this assignment, select a problem or issue that affects students, faculty, a
For this assignment, select a problem or issue that affects students, faculty, and/or staff at more than one university. These can be universities in Florida or around the world. If you’re having trouble thinking of an issue, consider the kinds of things that affect you right now as a student at USF: parking, housing, food, cost of living, campus safety, health (both physical and mental).
What’s the problem or issue and who is most affected by it here at the University of South Florida? Be as specific as you can and remember that even if an issue affects everyone, it might affect different people differently.
Now, search the web: How have some universities besides USF addressed this issue already, or how have they begun to address it? What parts of the larger problem are they focusing on? Look for news stories or press releases that describe what the university is doing, as well as social media posts or local news clips.
Through your research, can you figure out what the process was for solving or addressing that problem? Who noticed the problem or drew attention to it? Whose job was it to solve the problem? What kind of planning was necessary?
Let’s turn back to our own organization now. Has USF done anything to deal with this issue yet? If so, what has USF already done and how effective was it? And if USF hasn’t done anything about the problem yet, why do you think that is?
Each member of your team will have identified a similar problem and done a little research as well. In the next major assignment, your team will select from among the problems you’ve researched so far (or select a new problem you all agree to) and continue researching and writing about that problem.
1. Regarding the Dental Students’ Perceptions article submitted by Dr. Byrd and
1. Regarding the Dental Students’ Perceptions article submitted by Dr. Byrd and posted:
Describe one goal of the SCOPE program described in the article.
List one of the associated non-dental community service activities the students participated in.
Do you think that programs like this can ultimately motivate dental students to serve patients with limited access to dental care after they graduate? Why or why not?
2) In dental practice it is important to understand patients, not only in preventing interpersonal conflict, but to enhance their experience and provide care appropriate to their unique needs. Do you think learning these complementary skills is important to your career? Why or why not?
orientation summer pdf3) Slides 8-37: From the Lessons Learned slides, what was the most important lesson you will carry with you into the clinic?4) Slides 8-37: The purpose of the rubber dam is for:
Isolation of the tooth, control of contaminants
Prevention of foreign body aspiration
Prevention of foreign body ingestion
All of the above
None of the above
5) Slide 18: Foreign Body Aspiration / Ingestion. Which risk factors, items at risk for ingestion/aspiration, surprised you? What will you do to prevent this complication?6) Slides 23-24: The Questionable RPD abutment. What did you learn about this case that you will carry forward to your RPD cases?7) Slide 32: Medical Emergency Response, Prevention. What information will you most want to remember in the clinic?
Read chapter 24 and create one slide power point on “influencing organization cu
Read chapter 24 and create one slide power point on “influencing organization culture” & what the reading is about.
Please note you slides should contain be visually engaging images. Although slides should have text, it should not be large blocks of text.
Answer all questions posed below, beginning with the main idea prompt.
Main Idea
Answer all questions posed below, beginning with the main idea prompt.
Main Idea: The Trolley Problem is a classic philosophical thought experiment.
Questions: Given the base scenario (5 people tied to the track) would you flip the switch? Why or why not? Choose one of the other scenarios posed in (WHAT ARE THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS file down below) Describe the one you chose, then give your answer: what would you do? If your response is the same as the base scenario (you flipped the switch for both) explain where you are placing value. If it is different from the base scenario (you flipped the switch for that one, but didn’t for the new scenario) explain why and whether your values changed.
Application: How is this problem similar to any real-world problems? Describe a situation where you might need to throw someone under the bus, so to speak, to save other people. Hint: it doesn’t have to be life or death.
For the purposes of this thought experiment, you must make an active choice.
Before submitting,Please also keep in mind that your submission must:
Address all parts of the prompt.
Be between 400-900 words (less than 300 words will earn zero points).
Include quotations from either the primary text or course notes and contain both in-text citations and a Works Cited page. A full list of citations in MLA is available in the Reflections folder titled “Full List of Citations.” Citations need to be in a standard citation format.
Does not include content from outside sources. Use of outside sources will result in a 0.
Be your own original work.