Category: World history

History changes every second of the day. Throughout history, there were many crucial events, such as the Industrial Revolution and the World Wars. However, the century between 1815 and 1915, had the most profound effect on world prosperity. Those one hundred years is the most prominent time period because it helped us progress to where we are in the modern day.

The larger theme in between 1815 and 1915 is progress. One event that led to progress is the lack of rights. Women suffrage was very much so apparent in this period of time. Women desired to have the same rights as men, one of those being the right to vote. As the 1800s progressed, British women organized protests and reform societies due to unfair laws. Towards the beginning of the 20th century, the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) was formed to draw attention to women’s suffrage. According to History.com, as states like Idaho and Ohio allowed women to vote in the late 19th century, others did not hop on the trend until the 1910s. Through this time period, women started to realize that the rights or therefore lack of rights that they had were unfair in comparison to those that men had and felt the need to revolt. If it wasn’t for the progress of the WSPU and the Women’s Movement, women’s rights and their progress would be delayed. From 1815-1915, the prejudice that groups faced allowed for those to fight for their rights and justice.

Progression with equality would not be possible without the abolishment of slavery. Slavery is an issue that was tackled by many political figures in the time being. In the United States, the Civil War broke out in 1861, with the root cause of the war being slavery. The North and South both had different ideas about the abolishment of slavery. While northerners believed slavery was morally wrong, southerners wanted to continue to do it. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared that all slaves in Confederate States were free. After the war ending in 1865, the U.S. Congress put in place the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution which officially abolished slavery. While the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments extended the right to vote to all Americans, including former slaves. Although slavery was abolished, African Americans continued to face discrimination, which was later abolished. The Civil War caused a rise of immigration, railroads were built, and industries prospered. Without the abolishment of slavery and the establishment of human rights, progression industrially would not be possible going forward.

Towards the late 1800s, new inventions started to arise. Inventor and scientist, Thomas Edison patented over 1,000 inventions, most notably the phonograph and the lightbulb. Another inventor, Alexander Graham Bell, invented the telephone. While Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi invented the first radio in 1895, which sent messages through the air using morse code without the use of wires. In addition, Henry Ford decided to make cars that would be affordable to the majority of the population. Ford’s creations were built on an assembly line, which allowed production costs to decrease. The Wright Brothers were also innovators who flew a gasoline-powered flying machine, although only lasting below a minute, it initiated the aircraft industry. New inventions led to new ideas in both medicine and science. One of which was the germ theory of disease developed by Louis Pasteur, who figured out that bacteria caused diseases. Due to this medical breakthrough, others started to really take to account their cleanliness, including cities improving public health. In addition to Pasteur’s theory, researchers began to develop vaccines for deadly diseases which helped many live longer. In the field of science, philosopher and scientist Charles Darwin questioned the idea of special creation. Darwin developed a theory stating that all forms of life evolved from prior living forms living many years ago. Another scientist, John Dalton found that all matter is made of atoms. The discovery of atoms then helped Dmitri Mendeleev develop the Periodic Table, which would pave ways for scientific discoveries yet to come. These innovations and breakthroughs of this time period helped make way for progression.

Through society’s worst times such as slavery and lack of women’s rights progress was found. Innovations and both medical and scientific breakthroughs helped the world progress. Without the progression accomplished from 1815 to 1915, our modern-day world would be much less advanced, making it the most vital time period in human history.

“War is not only the solution of settlement in dispute”.

Throughout the world tensed situation is created because dispute either solved by talk or they have another immoral way to solve these things if they are the nuclear state than obvious way that each of them boast of his position and confident on his position or if they are non-nuclear state, then everyone can understand and analyze the back support of that country. This type of misfortune precedes the whole world into a serious plight. To humiliate this type of behavior to create the state of peace and the mighty factor for the annihilation of poverty. The United Nation should take zealous steps and the confliction between atomic state should be solved by taking determinant steps. So, if these steps are taken firmly than destiny would be peace of the whole world.

Let us keep eye on the wars which were held in the past, during the first world war every country which was taking part in combat was in huge confidence. British people escaped from their house and queuing up at an army recruiting office. These were the major casualties in the war, everyone, even the youth excited and support their country to held a war and wanted to get the quick result but it was extended to 4,5 years. On the other hand, Germany wants to devour the world by making the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungry and Italy, not only the Alliance, but also some causes which outbreak of the First World War. These were the international expansionist policy of German Emperor Wilhelm II in 1890, German industrial might and the Naval rearmaments which was held by Germany and caused a misbalanced situation in the region which was the open threat for France and Britain both these made an alliance against Germany. So, the main thing to evaluate how misunderstanding created by one country steps to show his power and put pressure on the other countries and obviously they were compiled for war. The other factors were the different territories caused fought between the countries Russia and Austria-Hungry for the occupation of Balkans the former part of Turkey due to the weakness of Turkey. History tells us that war initiate due to Gavrilo Princip when he murdered Archduke, the Emperor of Austria-Hungry, why he killed Archduke. He killed him because he was a true nationalist, wanted to eradicate the impact of Austria-Hungry from Serbia and after this Austria-Hungry gave an ultimatum to Serbia and held a war on Serbia by back support of Germany.

The history builds an image of the misconception that was created at that time and led the countries into the wars. So, in the First World War, Germany badly defeated due to the entrance of the neutral country of the USA. Now Germany had to return all the area and had to face all the problem created by the US, France, and Britain. Their economy, industrial might, and the currency have fallen badly. Germany also got fine for compensating the destruction that he made. After the First World War the US became the superpower and held lots of proscribe on Germany, this caused aggression on Germany and their people showed anger on the US for their rights. These things again lead the world in World War II. Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany with 37.2 votes means with a little percent of votes.

The reign of the Hitler included the strict policy such as aggression on Jews which was propaganda called anti-Semitic and the belief of ‘stab-in-the-back myth’ was still with German people means that they will never lose war according to this belief and again plunged into the war. On the other hand, the greedy of Japan on the Pacific and ruled out other power from Asia and held the World War II into its peak. What was the main reason behind it, if we talk about those time of misjudging and misadventure then a straight and true image shows in our mind that if those problems were discussed on the table, then the sinister war would not have lasted.

After the misadventure of Japan on Pearl Harbor, the US did not give a solid response but attacking Japan’s main industries such as Paper and blocking the resources of fighting the War. Japan got weak but they still were zealous that their pilots made a plan to attacked on American shipment America also warned Joan and gave a message through other countries to surrender but Japan got no ready to give up. At the last the US had to put two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to put Japan on surrender thousands of people killed in no time and what happened was there unable to define. The central way to lead these things that if Japan was on the table at that time and sort out their problems through talk then this would never happen, Now come to Germany Hitler wanted to regain its lost parts in World War I. He held a war on British called ‘Blitz’. The almost maximum area was regained by Hitler but France and Britain still silence and asked Hitler that that is enough no more area occupied, Hitler got ready and agreement but he broke the agreement and invade Poland on 1 September 1939 this caused France and Britain to put the War on Germany, in the end, Germany again badly defeated and Hitler had to suicide and Germany had to surrender and Germany led back again as in World War I.

So, if we overview above situation, we got some history knowledge as well as got informed how misunderstanding created at that time and there was no solid reason to combat, but when they fought the were able to judge that they had lost many valuable and worthy thing including human life. Now, as the current situation is created in Central South-Asia the combat already started on LOC between Pakistan and India. Thousands of people and soldiers had lost their lives and still, there are unsolved territories. So, if both the country are untrained with their democracy and future of development, then they would have to come on the table by talks, rather than to create a tension between each other on the border. Both the countries are under-developed and both are nuclear powers if they fought, they will be reached at its original position at the time of independence.

So, we all have to learn from the past history of the wars and their devastating effects on countries so, we will avoid the sinisterly of the war.

Terrorism is not a new concept or thought process. The idea of terrorism has molded the course of history of multiple different countries to include the U.S. Before the inevitable attacks on the Twin Towers, and Pentagon acts terrorism was not given the same attention from multiple different news outlets that it gets now based on what objective, proposed target. People use this type of deliberate violence to help influence the host government to carry out plans in the hope that the host government will allow them to thrive in that environment for a long period of time by providing a safe haven. Solely based on the terrorist’s will not use violence against their establishment. Countries like Afghanistan have been plagued with this problem for hundreds of years. Founding pillars of terrorism is it is an idea, with that idea comes different facets of extreme-left and extreme-right wing violence. History is full of instances on the success of terrorism had on shaping the world we live in now and the failures of terror operations had on host governments. Domestic along with worldwide terrorism share the same core ideology and beliefs. Constant evolution of the world means that terror entities will adapt, perfecting their tactics over time. The U.N. needs to adhere that this will be a continued threat for the remaining history of the humanity. Violence of this manner will continue until the civilized world gives in to their demands or the world body make attempts in forming a fragile peace with heads of the leading terror entities.

Terrorism in the Ancient World

One of the first successful uses of documented terrorism in the ancient world involves the Roman Republic. Lack of a designated police force inside the city and with the Roman Legions not being allowed inside the city walls of Rome presented a unique opportunity for terrorism to thrive (Lutz J., 2005). The result of limited acts of terrorism and P.V. in Rome is solely based on the modernization of the Mediterranean sphere of influence. With each new conquered land brought with the internal struggle for power inside the roman hierarchy. The Roman Empire survived two very important periods of political violence. The first one occurred during the early years of the republic which involved power struggle between plebeians and patricians. The second one was during the latter stages of the republic which involved the political maneuvers by Caesar and Pompey. Both of these two instances involved limited use of extreme P.V. in order to achieve their goal of consolidating their power base inside the republic itself. The patricians were threatened with grave bodily harm if they did not stop in the active participation of riots. This is one of the first examples in recorded history referencing the use of political terrorism where the dominating political party utilized the threat of terrorism in order to maintain power over the less powerful political party (Lutz B., 2005). The coverup of the deaths of these active participants in the struggle for political equality by stating that they were scheduled to be executed rather than admit that they fell victim to political violence displays how far the ruling party was willing to go in order to maintain political power and keep the peace at all costs.

19th Century Terrorism

The rise of America’s most notorious domestic terrorism organization known as the Ku Klux Klan began shortly after the surrender of the Northern Virginia Army at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865. The initial rise of this organization was to disrupt the reconstruction efforts of the federal government by carrying out acts of terrorism and violence toward the people who were trying to help re-incorporate the south back into the Union (SPL.ORG). One of the contributing factors that allowed the KKK to be so successful in the south was the revolts by former slaves. White Southerners viewed the KKK in a light that they were performing their civic duties in order to protect the white southerner. Klan members voted to use type of terrorism towards the newly freed slaves as way to keep them in same sphere of invisible shackles mentally that they were in before 1865. Night Riders where people he wore white sheets over their heads and rode on horseback through black communities terrorizing them with violence and death. Klan members knew that newly freed slaves were very superstitious in regards to their beliefs in ghosts and they used this tactic in order to scare them in a manner that they would not report what transpired to the county sheriff because of the fear that was instilled into them by the KKK (Lutz B., 2005).

Modern Terrorism

Following the end of the First World War in Europe brought about massive change in Germany. Germany’s stunning defeat at the end of World War I coupled with the humiliating Treaty of Versailles gave way to massive political unrest in Germany following the war. German Nationalist believed that the standing government was not serving the German people but rather answering to their masters who were in France and Britain. This thought process spread like wildfire and resulted in multiple political assassinations during the early 1920’s. The deaths of the politicians came at the hands of extreme-right wing groups such as the Freikorps which the Weimar Republic relied so heavily upon to combat the far-left political groups because the government was to fragile and weak to stop the rise of violence on their own (History.com). The failure of the Weimar Republic to properly address the political domestic issues at home saw a rise of new more dangerous terrorist group known as the Organization Consul. The first act of political terrorism of this organization was the assassination of German Finance Minister Matthias Erzberger. The Organization Consul was extremely upset and believed that he was partly responsible for the financial issues Germany faced because he supported and signed the Treaty of Versailles. The 1920’s and 1930’s in Germany represented one of the darkest periods in modern history and gave way to the rise of the most notorious terrorist organization to date the Waffen-SS.

Conclusion

Throughout the record history of the world there is enough evidence to support that the idea of terrorism and terrorism as a whole has earned its place in history. Terrorism has helped shape the world to what it is today. Terrorism played a critical role in the rise of the Third Reich in Germany and the countless unfortunate deaths of the Holocaust contributed at the hands of the Waffen-SS and associated organizations of Nazi Germany. The KKK helped mold the political atmosphere of the south for over a hundred years through acts of various political violence and terrorism carried out against ethnic minorities and whites who opposed this flawed thought process. The shear idea of terrorism cannot be destroyed with bullets and bombs however world governments can turn the tide of terrorism through proper education and resources that can help poverty stricken areas around the world where terrorism thrives.

References

1. History.Com (2018).Blakemore, Erin. Retrieved from: https://www.history.com/news/political-assassinations-germany-weimar-republic
2. Terrorism: Origins and Evolutions. Lutz, J, M & Lutz, B, J.(2005). Retrieved from: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/lib/apus/reader.action?docID=308183
3. Southern Poverty Law Center. (2011). Retrieved from: https://www.splcenter.org/20110228/ku-klux-klan-history-racism?gclid=CjwKCAiAv9riBRANEiwA9Dqv1QjZx323-1aZuoyhRpozo7tMdWuq71vT918JaxrQFOKeSHTLxCUv7xoC6IsQAvD_BwE