Effect of Industrialization on World War I: Analytical Essay

During World War I, diverse influences were perceived in American practices that ranged from economic changes, and political impacts, as well as social influences. Some influences sought to modify and perfect American practices thus making them stronger and more reliable during and after World War I. Such influences were positive. However, few influences weakened Americans during and even after the war hence the practices can be perceived as negative. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of both positive and negative influences of World War I on American practices makes the aim of this paper.

Positive social influences were perceived during the war as noted by Paul, et al (2018) in chapters 22 – 5.5 on war and progressivism. At first, Americans were proscribed from consuming alcohol which was perceived as weakening soldiers and workers during the war. Again, there was a strong perception that using grains in making alcohol was wasteful and therefore a need to conserve food was insisted (Paul et al, 2018). Such drives strengthened American soldiers and workers by making them socially upright without intoxication. Again, campaigns to create socially contained individuals were actualized by terminating prostitution among Americans. This was termed the ‘Progressive Era’ as noted by Paul et al (2018). The move prevented disease contamination and kept American soldier and their respective workers strong.

On other social influences, faith grew among Americans as churches and other religions flocked to the nation following continued migrations during the war. Notably, job seekers also flocked to industries in efforts to maximize production and measure up war needs as noted in chapters 22 – 5.5 on war and progressivism (Paul et al, 2018). This led to enhanced interactions and hence improved faith and beliefs. However, not all went right during these migrations since issues of racism began to be evident. Blacks were discriminated against by whites leading to the deaths of many blacks hence making that a negative social influence. Conversely, this wartime created bases for movements against discrimination.

Economic influences were also evident during World War I as industrial output grew significantly similar to agricultural production. As noted by Paul, et al (2018) in chapters 22 – 5.1 on booming ‘industry and agriculture,’ there was an increased need to satisfy war demands and therefore industrial production had to increase as well as automobile output. Notably, production prices increased as well as wages hence an increase in the economic status of Americans. Similarly, agricultural output following similar increased prices on farmers’ products (Paul et al, 2018). However, there was a negative economic impact perceived by large-scale farmers who had formulated consistency in production after the war. Demand reduced and prices dropped after the war and therefore such farmers were left under large debts.

Again, economic influences like labor reforms were formed during this war period as workers flocked to industries and farms. Women, on the other hand, acquired working positions as they sought to replace men who became soldiers. However, these women lost their jobs after the war thus negatively affecting their economic dependence as noted by Paul et al (2018) in chapters 22 – 5.3 on women in wartime. Another economic impact was visible when the flu vaccine was developed similar to the flu antibiotic. This effectively combated the influenza outbreaks experienced during wartime as noted by Paul et al (2018) in chapters 22 – 5.4 on public health. Moreover, flu vaccines and antibiotics were useful after the war.

Political influences perceived sought to strengthen the American military which happened to be weak before the war. Training camps effectively facilitated training for recruits who acquired military disciplines as pointed out in Chapter 22 – 3.1 on raising, training, and testing the military(Paul et al, 2018). Notably, training did not end in camps but there were follow-ups after the duty to ensure full instillation of discipline. Again, there were efforts to test the intellectual standards of the military. This enabled monitoring of essential areas for improvement. For instance, uneducated soldiers were noted and the need for military education was implemented. However, there were negative political drives that led to the abuse of blacks in military camps, and at some point, executions and killing of blacks were evident (Paul et al, 2018). This led to race riots as black soldiers and workers sought to reject such discrimination aspects.

From the overall analysis of the influences of World War I on American affairs, a conclusion can be made that both positive and negative impacts were perceived. Social influences like alcohol constraints, food conservation, terminated prostitution, the presence of churches, and diverse religions were all observed as having positive impacts on Americans. However, aspects of racism were evident, and therefore a negative social aspect was noted. Economic impacts like increased production in agriculture and industries were evident. Flu vaccines and antibiotics were also developed. Political stability was also established through a trained and educated military. Conversely, abuse of blacks led to riots hence making a negative influence. A conclusion can be made that positive influences surpassed the negative impacts of the war.

Conclusion of World War 1: Thesis Statement

The statement I have chosen to discuss is whether or not ‘the First World War changed the world forever’. And I’ll be looking predominantly at the social, cultural, technological, and political changes that occurred throughout the world, to some degree because of the Treaty of Versailles.

The First World War definitely changed certain characteristics of the world forever; the Treaty of Versailles was unquestionably an important driver for the changes that occurred after the war. The Treaty of Versailles did not satisfy anybody because the countries who were involved in the war found it difficult to transition from a war economy to a peacetime economy, which consequently led to major disruptions not just in the European economy but also in the world financial market. Export economies also faced difficulties because of the weakened European market. Both the Allies and Axis forces equally were highly indebted, Allies to the U.S., and Central Powers to their own populations.

There was also high unemployment because of the peacetime conversion slowing down the economy and lack of investments. Social tensions were also a problem because entrepreneurs made a profit from the war, and a huge percentage of the population was impoverished, this also led to huge political tensions. The First World War saw the beginning of the falling apart of empires because and French brought people over from their respective colonies to become soldiers and fight during the war which theoretically turned them into citizens. At the end of the war, the French rewarded people from the colonies with citizenship tied to language, religion, and education. Some colonies became de facto-independent as a result of the war. Many European countries’ superiority crumbled on the battlefields of World War One.

World War One helped create the League of Nations however the U.S. did not join and due to the Treaty of Versailles Germany was not admitted until 1926. The League of Nations never lived up to expectations. The first half of the 1920s was characterized by domestic crises and the lack of international cooperation however there were attempts to rebuild the European economy and to regulate Germany’s reparation payments. Overall authoritarian regimes begin to be developed in European nation-states and not democracies.

The First World War brought about the Red Scaremenace which is the widespread fear of the potential rise of communism. Bolshevism has been a specter in European societies since 1917. In 1919 the Bolshevik party aims for a world revolution and the Soviet state tries to facilitate trade and diplomatic relations. The conference of Genova takes place in 1921 without Germany because of the pressure of France this massively reflected France’s greater interest to weaken Germany than to stimulate the significant European economy. Germany and Soviet Russia signed the Treaty of in 1922 which resulted in secret cooperation between Germany and the Red Army.

But by 1924 the Bolshevik’s aim comes to an end however Western countries’ imaginations keep the red menace alive through propaganda. The Bolsheviks split into Communists and Social-Democrats which becomes a burden for Social-Democratic governments in post-war Europe. Anti-Bolshevism fuels extreme right-wing movements and makes them increasingly acceptable for middle-classes. Germany resists the reparation payments which provoke the occupation of the Rhineland and Ruhr by the French and Belgians, the German government correspondingly announces passive resistance. Inflation in Germany was turned by the government into a policy to liquidate the war debts and remediate treasury. The Hyper-Inflation in 1922-23 was used to denounce the Treaty of Versailles. In Germany, there wasn’t much unemployment, and the economy did recover to a certain degree, but the investments of the middle classes were liquidated which increased political radicalization.

The peacemakers after the First World War knew that Germany would be a major force in post-war Europe, they had to allow Germany to reconfigure its industries to peacetime production and continue its position as an important driver of Europe’s economic development and trade while still including the appearance of the military menace that was released on the world during the war. One of the other worries faced by the peacemakers was the fact that Poland became a new state and had the right to exist, but they were anxious about limiting the number of Germans who would find themselves living in a different country as a result of the new territorial adjustments being made in Paris.

One of the major technological advances that occurred during World War One was the invention and introduction of the tank, which helped turn the tide on the Western Front, but evidently, this did not happen overnight. Since the end of 1914, the German and Anglo-French armies had confronted each other across trench networks in virtual and ineffective stalemates. The war on the Western Front has been characterized by unexpected offensives, as one side tried to break through the other lines with massive artillery bombardments followed by tens of thousands of men attacking through no man’s land. However, technology advanced so much that these attacks became almost unbearably costly.

Barbed wire was difficult and time-consuming to clear. Machine guns could cut down man after man from hundreds of yards away and concrete bunkers and well-built trenches protected enemy soldiers even from the bombardment of hundreds of artillery guns. Both and French worried they would run out of soldiers from failed frontal assaults before German defenses could be breached. So, a small number of inventors and visionary engineers arrived at the same concept which was to build some kind of armored and armed vehicle that could create gaps in the barbed wire, knock out machine gun posts and bunkers and protect the infantry’s long enough for the trench networks to be captured.

After the war, the real significance of how tanks could be used on the battlefield was realized by all the combatants who took part in the war, France, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. To a great extent that they all started making and designing their own. World War One also changed aviation drastically because when the world went to war in 1914 the Wright Brothers had only made the world’s first powered flight over a decade before. To say the first airplanes used in WW1 were simple is something of an understatement. Cockpits were open and instruments were basic, there were no navigational aids and pilots had to rely on whatever maps they could find. The core roles of air power during World War One were control of the air, strike, reconnaissance, and mobility which are still essential roles today.

Aviation evolved rapidly during World War One, with modern and more effective aircraft replacing the basic machines that took to the skies in 1914. Crews were not always sure where the enemy was, the danger was all the greater because the troops on the ground were not experts in aircraft recognition so just shot at anything that flew, regardless of which side it was on. Technological advances with airplanes became noticeable when airframes became more maneuverable and engines more powerful and it was soon possible to mount machine guns, whereas, in the early stages of the war, pilots would take potshots at each other with their service revolvers. The improvements also meant crews could carry more than single hand grenades in their pockets recognisable bombs and bomb racks added a strike component to the roles of air power in warfare.

The peacemakers had to deal with a very confused and turbulent set of circumstances. Especially in Eastern and Central Europe where the unprecedented and almost certainly unrepeatable, circumstance of the near-simultaneous collapse of four empires, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Ottoman. The collapse of these empires left areas bereaved of strong government and leadership but also left the area without established boundaries or identities. Britain, France, and the United States had very different conceptions and ideas about international organization and the creation of the League of Nations demonstrated this very clearly.

The League of Nations couldn’t help to resolve the problems that occurred in Europe during the 1920s all it could do was to reflect them. There were many agreements that were successfully negotiated in the 1920s, but they were painfully compromised, they were considered to be straightforward, but they could suddenly produce complications and demands for trade-offs. Historians continuously mention the problems that faced European leaders during the 1920s which were all caused both by the war and the conflicting interest of the major powers. Yet historians do not go into detail about whether a Second World War was therefore inevitable.

This is due to the fact that there was undoubtedly a German problem in Europe in the 1920s that remained unresolved but the ensuing Depression and the growth of extremism in Germany were not easy to forecast, and the coming to power of Hitler was by no means inevitable. The disastrous economic effects of the Depression plunged Europe once more into chaos and opened many of the wounds which had been slowly healing since 1919. In the years before the Depression Europe was certainly not pacified, some crises had been resolved and the prospect of war did seem to be slowly receding.

Many historians believe it was one particular battle during the First World War that changed and shaped the course of the world forever, the Battle of the Marne, because new forms of weaponry emerged such as airplanes, machine guns, and poison gas. The First World War caused the free flow of money, goods, and people to travel across the continent, and the growing prosperity that spread throughout the West during the 19th century suddenly came to a halt. In its place was a blood-soaked continent, European currencies rendered almost worthless, and bitter class and social hatred poisoned human relations.

Conceivably one of the worst consequences of the war was the rise of totalitarianism, as governments seized full control of societies and countries. It’s difficult to imagine the success of the Russian Revolution and eventually communist dictatorship, or the rise of Mussolini’s fascism, without the madness left behind after World War One. Germany’s defeat laid the groundwork for the rise of Hitler’s Nazi movement and sowed the seeds of an even more horrible conflict, which included something unparalleled, the attempted extermination of a whole race in the Holocaust.

So, in conclusion, World War One certainly influenced the radical change of specific characteristics and qualities of Europe and the world forever, whether that was political, social, cultural, or how wars and battles would be fought in the future. And I think the majority of the world believes that the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles contributed to a certain extent to the start of the Second World War because humiliated in defeat, crushed by debilitating war reparation payments, and angered by the war guilt clause, Germany came out of the war a truly weak nation. The war also brought about the League of Nations and the alleged Red Scare, which impacted hugely foreign trade and affairs between the former allies. The war also set in motion the demise of the four major empires and to some degree Empire.

Impact of First World War on English Literature: Analytical Essay

Abstract:-

War is one of the major social problems facing the world today. War has plagued humanity since time immemorial. Many countries have to go through this experience at some point in their lives. It can cause great emotional trauma and grief to those left behind by the dead. Experiences and emotions related to war have always inspired poetry, prose, and literary music. War literature often provokes strong reactions. War literature is powerful. War literature can provoke emotions that some would like those emotions should not enter. This became clear after World War I when some people felt that certain war materials would affect the government’s ability to persuade civilians to take up arms. It can also reduce the tendency to fight. It can also be seen as a negative reflection on those who fought and sacrificed. World War shook the foundations of the Western world, causing social upheaval that left an immediate and lasting impression on every aspect of society and culture. And experienced a wave of social and artistic change as an immediate result of the war. Literature is one of the cultural areas most affected by the war. World War literature often reflects and critiques the horrors of war and provides a dramatic transition to societal changes and pre-war and post-war operations. Literature is one of the cultural areas most affected by the war. World War literature often reflects and critiques the horrors of war and provides a dramatic transition to the changes taking place in society and to pre-and post-war operations. During the war many social, political, and economic changes took place and any writer of that time felt the need to speak out against the flaws in their society, sometimes even risking their lives in the trenches. The new style of warfare gave the soldiers an unprecedented amount of time to reflect on the wars they had fought; Not only in the literal sense, but the battles of mind and soul that they endured were no less than the hellish conditions they endured. Literature has become a common way for soldiers to get to the reality of war, whether to disagree with it or to understand it.

Keywords: – War, Literature, Culture, Society, Warfare, Patriotic, Soldier, Death, Love.

Introduction:-

A war poet is a poet who takes part in wars and writes about their experiences or poems about war. These war poets also are called trench poets. The word war poetry mainly refers to poems written under the direct influence of the First World War. He is also called a romantic opponent. We used to have war poets, but after World War I, these types of poets and poems come in the form of ‘war poems’. Poetry is the best way to express one’s feelings and expressions during a war. Another major reason for writing war poems is to show a true picture of war. It also helps to spend time and creates a sense of honor through war poetry. It used gruesome and showy images that deviated from the contemporary poetic tradition. It uses the true language of the people involved in the war and realistic documentation of war with all brutality. War poetry captures a theme that has been passed down from generation to generation, regardless of the age from which it originated. It seeks to create new languages, which later generations use as a framework for understanding war history.

Beginning with the Anglo-Saxon period, English war poems were written by a large number of civilians who had no real experience. So what he wrote was either his thoughts or an idea of how the war happened. With the extraordinary flourishing between 1914 and 1918, war poetry established itself as a genre. And although thousands of soldiers were poets, only a few of them are remembered today. World War I began in July 1914, and lasted until Christmas of that year; but in reality, it lasted till 1918. As a result, young people from all over the world were called up to join the army and perform their duties and services for the motherland. Thousands of young men enlisted in the army to play their part in the war, with only one thought in mind, that is, to take part in the war is an honorable act and to die for the country is to be brave. These young men enlisted in the army had no idea how long it would last, or how much destruction it would cause. When the war broke out in 1914, Thomas Hardy, Rupert Brooke, Lawrence Beanian, and many others began to inspire their countrymen with their patriotic poetry. Here, we are going to compare some of the poets of World War I and their poetry, and, did they all have the same war ideology, or did they have some differences of opinion, and if so, how much? As long as the war is going on, men have written poems about it. The story of World War I has been glorified over the last hundred years by the work of great men like Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., Walt Whitman, Isaac Rosenberg, and Joyce Kilmer. Now that operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have ended, we look forward to the emergence of a new generation of war poets.

Selected War Poets and Their Poetry:-

Wilfred Owen:-

Wilfred Owen (1893-1918) is known as one of Britain’s greatest war poets. Writing from the perspective of his intense personal experience at the forefront, his poems, which include ‘Songs for Destined Youth’ and ‘Dals at Decorum East’, bring to life the physical and mental traumas of war. Owen’s goal was, to tell the truth about what he called The Peat of War. He was born in 1893 into a middle-class family near Oswestry, Shropshire, Owen was the eldest of three. His father, Tom Owen, was a railway clerk, and his mother, Susan, was from a devoutly religious family. In 1915, Owen enlisted in the army and in December 1916 joined the 2nd Manchester Regiment at Somme and was sent to France. Within a fortnight of his arrival, he was commanding a platoon on the battlefront. During heavy gunfire, in constant danger of gas attacks, he wandered miles and miles through trenches in the water. The brutal reality of the war had a profound effect on him, as he told his mother in letters. His poems ‘The Sentry’ and ‘Exposure’ record specific tests of this period. In April, after the shell flew into the air, Owen took refuge for several days in a hole near the body of a fellow officer and was soon diagnosed with shell shock. In June 1917, he was transferred to Craiglockheart War Hospital near Edinburgh, where he spent four months under the care of the famous doctor Captain Arthur Brock. Here Owen wrote many poems and became the editor of Hydra, a hospital magazine. He also met fellow poet Siegfried Sassoon, who gave him significant support and encouragement in the literary friendship that transformed Owen’s life. Futility:-

“Futility” is a poem by Wilfred Owen, a British soldier in World War I. Written in 1918, it adorns an anonymous soldier lying dead in the snow in France, in recognition of the inevitability of death. There is a given tone, which underlines the speaker’s action of mourning the “futility” of life in the face of death. Move the dead soldier into the sunlight. His warm touch would wake him up in the morning, reminding him of the fields filled with seeds. Until this icy morning, he always woke her up on the battlefield of France. If anything can awaken him now, the kind old sun will know about it. Think about how the sun allows the seed to grow as it awakens and how it allows human life to grow from the earth, which was once a barren, cold planet. Dead bodies — still precious, full of nerves, and warm Is it hard to move now? Will he die because of the origin of life on Earth? Why would useless sunlight bother to wake up the Earth? Owen’s ‘futility’ resembles an unknown soldier lying dead in the snow in France. The speaker begins with a hopeful tone, the sun wants to ‘awaken’ the dead body, but it is confusing to know that death always triumphs over life. Through this change of tone, the poem uses the dead soldier as a catalyst for larger, deeper mourning: the ‘futility’ of the act of creation in the face of the inevitability of death. The poet’s confident description of the sun’s power to nourish life in the first verse differs from the second verse expressing doubts about life’s purpose. The speaker’s first response to seeing a dead soldier is ‘move him to the sun,’ because the sun has awakened him ‘always’ for a lifetime. Even if the soldier dies, the speaker is sure that the old sun will find a way to resurrect him. Even though the sun can ‘wake up’ the seeds and keep the surface of the distant star ‘warm’, it cannot resurrect a fallen soldier.

The speaker is puzzled as to how something as precious and beautiful as life can be lost before death, and raises an eloquent question to underline its impact: Anxious, still warm, and too hard to shake? ‘The dead body, though surrounded by warm sunshine, will never come back to life. The speaker then asks,’ Is that why the soil was raised? “(‘Earth’ refers to the earth from which man originally came — a common notion in creation myths around the world, including the Bible), expressing disbelief that life exists because it always defeats death.

—O what made fatuous sunbeams toil

To break Earth’s sleep at all?

In the last two lines of the poem, the speaker sadly wonders why ‘meaning’ or meaningless, ‘sun rays’ help to create life on earth, when that life eventually dies. The speaker’s vision expands to include all life beyond the dead soldier. Rather than just mourning for a particular person (whose name the poem doesn’t even bother with), the poem is dedicated to mourning the power of death over life – an idea that has been extended in the context of war. Although there is a hint of hope in it, the tone of the poem is ultimately mournful, dubious, and depressing. When located in a historical context, these tonal points make sense. Wilfred Owen was a British soldier in World War I and was therefore surrounded by death. No matter how many sunny days came during the war, death probably dominated his mind, this attitude manifests itself in ‘futility’.

Edward Thomas:-

Philip Edward Thomas was born in London in 1878, the eldest of Welsh parents. Born with talent, the young Thomas created essays on rural topics that were featured in the weekly paper. He was educated at Lincoln College, Oxford. While in Oxford, he met his wife, Helen Noble, and their son, Morphine, who was born before he graduated. After graduating, he became a literary critic as well as a poet, editor, and writer. Thomas and his wife had two more children, daughters Bronwen and Myfanvi. Although he was long depressed, he worked incredibly well and was the first to recognize new poets like Ezra Pound and Robert Frost. In 1914, he first met Robert Frost, who encouraged him to try to write poetry. In 1915, Thomas the Artist joined the Rifles during World War I. Thomas ‘unit advanced on Flanders but was killed in an explosion of Thomas’ shell on April 9, 1917, the first day of the Battle of Aras. During his lifetime, he was nicknamed Edward Eastway, and six of his poems were published under that name. Apart from those six, none of his other poems was published before his death. He was buried in Agni Military Cemetery in France.

“Rain”:-

Rain, written by Edward Thomas, describes the speaker’s relationship to death as he contemplates the future in the trenches of World War I. The poem begins with the speaker saying that the rain is constantly falling on the roof of his ‘separate hut’. His condition is not good. The speaker is alone, in a ditch, somewhere on the battlefield of the First World War. While there, he thinks of his death and the nature of his death. He goes on to describe how bad the rain is. He has been able to wash it “clean” for a long time. By doing so, he has revealed himself to be a love on which he can depend. In the last lines, the speaker seems to turn from any ‘perfect’ because it cannot be trusted. Although death is a constant.

Blessed are the dead that the rain rains upon:

But here I pray that none whom once I loved

Is dying tonight or lying still awake

Solitary, listening to the rain,

Either in pain or thus in sympathy

In the above line has said about the speaker goes on to describe the nature of rain and how it affects oneself. He begins by referring to the “dead” on the way to the rain. Wherever they are, they are “blessed” as long as they are touched by the rain. It comes as a purifying force, helping to wash away the stains of war and the great tragedy of death. From where the speaker is sitting, in his hut, he “prays [that] those whom he once “loved” are no longer alive. He knows the loneliness of his situation and does not want it on anyone. The speaker hopes his friends and family are safe, “not dying tonight or still awake alone.” This section ends by recognizing that some people in this section may be “sympathetic”, thinking about those they love in private. Either way, it’s not a wish for his loved ones.

Conclusion:-

The differences in the writing of those who have no experience of war or who were soldiers can be easily noticed. The earlier war was presented as a brave, honorable, knightly, noble event. In his poems, he presents death as a sacrifice that immortalizes the soldier. But the poetry and attitudes of the soldiers who fought in the First World War were completely different, seeing their lives always in danger, bloodshed, wounds, seeing their soldier friends die, and the trauma of living in the narrow, dark. And the suffocating trenches and, most importantly, away from home, with the possibility of being buried somewhere abroad, deprived of all funeral rites, were for them a new, sad, and dark, but real reality of war. So they worked hard to write down their experiences and reveal the hidden truths about war. Eventually, the so-called notion of war being brave and noble was destroyed. And so ‘war poetry’ became ‘anti-war poetry’. War poems capture the darkest moments in human history and are also the brightest. From ancient texts to modern free verse, war poetry explores various experiences, celebrating victory, honoring the fallen, mourning for loss, complaining of oppression, and rebelling against those who turn a blind eye. War poems include familiar, surprising, and disturbing. These poems are remembered for their lyric mystery, insights, power to inspire, and role in historical events.

Life in the Trenches: Letter Home Essay

World War I(WWI) was a global war that originated in Europe that lasted from July 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918. During WWI, soldiers communicated with their loved ones back home by writing letters to ease the pain of separation. Below is a creative letter from a soldier describing what life was like in the trenches and the aspects of the war.

Dear Mother,

I would like to thank you for all your thoughts and prayers. I miss you very much and I hope I can return back home soon from this dreadful war. Currently, I have been staying in the trenches. Basically, we’re living in long narrow ditches in the ground with barbed wire. The barbed wire helps to slow down the enemy. We spend all of our time in the trenches and hardly get any sleep because of surprise attacks. Here is a typical day in the trenches. At 5 a.m. we are at ‘Stand-to’. During this time everyone is to be on high alert for enemy attack. At 5:30 a.m. is rum ration and at 6 a.m. we stand down half an hour after daylight. Seven a.m. is breakfast which is the same thing we have every day, bacon and tea. After 8 a.m. we clean ourselves, and our weapons and also tidy the trench. Noon is dinner. After dinner, we sleep or have some downtime. 5 p.m. we are given tea and at 6 p.m. we are at stand-to for thirty minutes before dusk. At 6:30 p.m. we are at stand-down for a half-hour after dusk. From 6:30 p.m. onward we work all night. At night we are only given an hour of sleep. During the night time, soldiers are patrolling, dig trenches, put up barbed wires, or get into stores. The worse job to get is cleaning the trench toilets.

I would rather be in normal warfare because I highly doubt that these trenches are any safer. Every day I fight to stay alive. People from both sides are dying and thousands of lives are being claimed. The living conditions here are gruesome and unsanitary. I live with different types of rodents like rats, lice, and frogs, and also my bunk mate is a rotten deceased body. The trenches are very muddy and uncomfortable. Using the bathroom here is the worse. The toilets constantly overflow and make the trenches smelly and messy. As a result of these unsanitary living conditions, diseases down here in the trenches spread rampantly. Many of my close friends contracted infectious diseases like dysentery, cholera, and typhoid fever. Additionally, the constant exposure to the damp and wet trenches caused something we call trench foot. Trench foot is a painful condition where dead tissue spreads across one or both feet. Just the other day I had to witness a fellow soldier’s foot be amputated because of trench foot. Thinking about it just makes me even sicker to my stomach. To help prevent trench foot, we are advised to wash our feet regularly and we also get our feet inspected rigorously.

Given these conditions, I question why am I even fighting in this war. Is it really for our country and for our families? I do not have pride in the country I am fighting for. I am very afraid and anxious. Each day it feels like I am clocking closer and closer to my grave. I do not know when I will die. Whether it is this very second, minute, hour, day, or even next week. I just pray and thank God every day I am still here fighting this hell of a war. This war reminds me of a game. We go back and forth from our “safe” trenches killing people either with guns, bombs, or gas. It’s getting very old. I wish it was already over. It breaks my heart to see my friends die right in front of me. I don’t know how much longer I would be able to endure this pain but I will continue to stay strong for you Mother. I love and miss you, continue to pray for me.

Surrealist Movement after World War I and Its Inspiration: Analytical Essay

Surrealism, founded by the poet Andr © Breton in Paris in 1924, after World War I, its roots were found in Dada, but it was less violent and more artistic, Surrealism was an artistic and literary movement and its goal was to liberate thought, language, and human experience from the oppressive boundaries of rationalism ‘Surrealism is not a poetry but a poetics, and even more, and more decisively, a world vision.’ (Paz, 1987) surrealist artists and photographers showed their worldview through paintings and photographs that differed from the works of that time. Surrealists were often portrayed as a close-knit group of men, and their art often portrayed women as the wild ‘others’ of the cultural, rational world. The work of feminist art historians has since corrected this impression, not only by highlighting the number of surrealist women who were active in the group, especially in the 1930s, but also by analyzing gender stereotypes at work in much of surrealist art.

Surrealism happened a lot of historical events, the two main ones are WW1 and WW2, which greatly affected Surrealist artists of that time. When the wars ended, many people realized the true magnitude of what had happened, and surrealism was used to escape from the harness of reality and truth.

Surrealism art aims to revolutionize the human experience. It balances a rational vision of life with one that asserts the power of the unconscious and dreams. Artists of this movement find magic and strange beauty in the unexpected and the supernatural. At the core of their work is a willingness to challenge imposed values and norms, as well as a search for freedom. Many surrealist artists have used automatic drawing or writing to unlock ideas and images from their unconscious minds. Others wanted to portray dream worlds or hidden psychological contradictions. Surrealist artists have also drawn inspiration from mysticism, and ancient cultures, to represent alternative realities.

Surreal photography however represents not only dreams but also emotions ‘Surrealism is destructive, but it destroys only what it considers to be shackles limiting our vision.’ (Dal­, 1931) destroying inner shackles helps artists find beauty in often unconventional and ignored things. Surrealist images might make a kind of sense. But, like abstract images, they are most concerned with expressivеnеss and making you feel something on a deep level you might not be able to explain. Examples of surreal photography can be seen in the work of contemporary photographers such as Brooke Shaden and Kyle Thompson. They work to create fabulous photographs that use modern techniques that continue the tradition of surrealism. Photographers use manual camera adjustments, creative composition, and unusual photo editing techniques to present unconscious ideas, dreams, and emotions. ‘Surreal images tend to be dreamlike and tap into people’s unconscious’.

There are many surreal photography techniques you can use to create the desired effect some of them are Blurring movement and backgrounds (Set a slow shutter speed of 160 to and set aperture f5.6 to f2.8), double exposure to help create strange, dreamlike juxtapositions another thing you can do is create a silhouette to build up an atmosphere and build an abstract mood, floating your subject is an impressive way to create a surreal effect in your photograph (to achieve this effect, you must keep your camera in manual mode and disable the auto-focus option) and you should always experiment with light and see how the picture will look with hard and soft light to create the best mood possible. Other techniques in Surrealism photography are Perspectives (which help to create optical illusions and distort reality), color choice, and contrast help to different effects and aesthetics on objects.

Many different modern Surrealist photographers use new methods that continue the tradition of surrealism. Lara Zankoul is one of them, she is an interdisciplinary artist based in Beirut, Lebanon. Her work is heavily based on experimentation and world-building within her photographs to create moments and craft them rather than just document them. Zankoul’s aim is to invite the viewers to come up with their own interpretation and understanding of the photographs and the stories behind them

In this photo, Zankoul used cold colors for the background and warm colors for dresses to show that they are the main point in this image and viewers should focus their sight on them. The scissors under the water may represent the reality that the girl on the right cannot see and space above the water a picture that has been purposely created. Holding hands above the water and scissors under the water that are ready to destroy the dress implies the hypocrisy of people and fake friendship, the paint on their faces can suggest that both girls behave like people they are not.

Another modern surrealist photographer is Kyle Thompson who was born in Chicago on January 11, 1992. His work contains a non-existent storyline that only lives for a moment. By diverting the view of the face, the images become more ambiguous, the viewer can no longer connect a specific storyline with the image.

In this image, the background looks darker in comparison to a man and the fabric, which creates a more mysterious and disturbing atmosphere and helps to create a storyline in your head. The fabric is used as a leading line and helps to guide deeper into the image. The subject of the image is placed at the intersection of the lines according to the rule of thirds, which helps direct the viewer’s eyes to the main focal point of the image. Because the person is the main aspect of this image, he is highlighted with different warmer color that helps us notice him first.

One of the older Surrealist photographers is Alexey Titarenko who was born in 1962 in St. Petersburg. His monograph The City is a Novel that features over 140 photographs of his work in St. Petersburg, Venice, and other countries.

This photo was taken in 1992, here we can see how Titarenko is using a Slow shutter speed to create a ghost-like atmosphere in this photo. Black and white scale makes this photo look older, and the absence of colors creates a stronger sense of a mystical mood. People are positioned in the front, however, the slow shutter speed makes them blurry and makes it look like the photo is focused on the background to show the dirty old buildings and present in what conditions people lived in at that time due to progressing poverty in Russia in the 90s.

Many artists around the world are influenced by the styles, ideas, and techniques of surrealism. Surrealism taught the world to see art not just visually and literally, but also appreciate it on a subconscious level. The principles of surrealism presented an exciting challenge for photographers – while an artist can draw from his imagination with brushes and paints, photography is derived from the real, material world. Surrealism is a familiar art form today that continues to grow throughout the world

What Were The Underlying Causes of World War 1: DBQ Essay

World War I also known as the Great War began in 1914 until 1918. This was not just an ordinary war, but it was a major conflict that affected everyone whether young or old. Most continents were involved due to the popularity of this War. The Great War began in Europe mainly in Russia, Britain, France, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. More than sixteen million people were killed-both soldiers and residents.1 Many of the soldiers died in trench warfare and the residents died due to famine and diseases. It affected both the rich and the poor. This War mainly originated from political differences. Despite all these consequences, there were many new inventions that were good. Even after the War ended, it still remains a distinct subject of impractical calamity today!

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was a politician in Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie who was his wife went for a state visit to Bosnia, which was annexed by Austria-Hungary. They were gladly welcomed by the Serbians. On June 28, the two went to Sarajevo to inspect some troops. On their way out, some terrorists threw a bomb at their car which they luckily escaped. The following day, however, a young Serbian named Gavrilo Princip went towards their open car and shot both Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie.3 This caused rigidity between Austria-Hungary and Bosnia and caused Austria-Hungary together with Germany, to declare war on Serbia. This was just the beginning of World War I. A few days later Russia came to help protect Serbia, then Germany declared war on Russia in order to help its ally Austria-Hungary, then France declared war on Russia, then Germany declared war on France: and this is how World War I began.4

World War I fought against two major alliances known as the Allied Powers and the Central Powers.5 These alliances were formed secretly among them. They supported each other when called to in a disagreement or Battle. As we have seen above, the countries which were fighting against each had an agreement before they began to assist their fellow countries to fight. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy were known as the Triple Alliance.6 Great Britain, Russia, and France were known as the Triple Entente.7 These defense systems fought against each other when war was proclaimed. During the War, soldiers lived in a trench for protection.8 Trenches were long, narrow ditches dug when soldiers needed a place to live in the midst of war.9 They were not as luxurious as one would come to find them. There were diseases such as trench foot. Trench foot was a medical condition by the exposure of the feet to damp, dirty and cold conditions.11 There was usually a timetable for the soldiers who were living in the trenches. During the War, many men were encouraged to join the army. Some refused due to either their religious beliefs or their personal reasons. These men were known as conscientious objectors, they were about 16,000 of them.12 The Order of the White Feather would encourage them to join the army.13 The Order of the White Feather was a group of young men who would intimidate conscientious objectors.14 They would throw a white feather at him which would symbolize that he was a coward.15

Militarism was one of the causes of World War I. Most of the European countries increased their military budget, caused of the Industrial Revolution.16 In 1915, the Germans used what was called Chlorine gas. This gas was toxic and very dangerous.17 Without protection, it would burn one’s throat, eyes, nose, and lungs gradually suffocating the victim. There were many inventions in Europe such as; machine guns, poisonous gases, flame throwers, zeppelins, planes, pistols, and vehicles. Everyone focused on their own victory and forgot to enforce unity. In 1992 and 1993 these chemical and biological weapons were banned due to the harm they caused to people.18 Only riot-control agents were allowed for domestic riot purposes only. Close to twenty-one million people were injured or died due to some of these dangerous inventions. 19

During the War, there were many battles that took place. There were about fifty-one battles. There was the Battle of the Somme, the First Battle of Marne, the Battle of Verdun, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Gallipoli Campaign, the Spring Offensive, the Battle of Tannerberg, the Second Battle of Ypres, the Battle of Jutland, the Send Battle of Marne, The Battle of Cambrai, the Battle of Amiens, the First Day on the Somme, the Battle of Aras, the Battle of Vimmy Ridge, the Battle of Isonzo, the First Battle of Ypres, the Battle of Caporettto, the Hundred Days Offensive, the Brussilov Offensive, the Battle of Messines, the Battle of the Frontiers, The Meuse-Argon Offensive, the Battle of Belleau Wood, the Second Battle of the Aisne, the Battle of Loos, the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, the Gorlice Tarnow Offensive, the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, the First Battle of Aisne, the Second Battle of Mausirian Lakes, the First Battle of Mausirian Lakes, the Battle of Cantigny, the Third Battle of the Aisne, the Battle of Galiria, the Battle of the Lys, Operation Michael, the Battle of the Mons, the Battle of Romani, the Kerensky Offensive, the Battle of Megiddo, the Siege of Tsingato, the Second Battle of the Piave River, the Second Battle of Champagne, the Battle of Asiago, the First Battle of Gaza, the Monastir Offensive, the Second Battle of the Somme, the Nivelle Offensive, the Battle of Neuve Chapelle, and the Second Battle of Artois.21 All these Battles contributed to World War I, but some of them were quite significant in World War I.

Some of these battles were quite substantial during World War I. The first one is known as the Battle of Ypres.22 The Battle of Ypres began on April 22, 1915.23 It was the largest Battle that took place in World War I. This Battle was very fast to use poisonous gas, they used it on the Triple Alliance.24 They also used it on the Canadians, but the Canadians kept fighting despite the pain.25 They were recognized for this brave act in their country. Though most of them got hurt, with 6,500 injuries and 2,000 deaths.26 This was all in the name of their country!

The Battle of Somme is also one of the major Battles in World War I. It began on July 1st, 1916 just after the Battle of Ypres.27 Britain and France were its allies again Germany. The Battle of Somme had the largest amount of deaths, therefore it was nicknamed “The Bloodiest Military Battle.”28 There was an estimated two million deaths in total. A few days later, the Canadians came to the rescue and allied with them.29 Many of the Germans died after this Battle. Even though some of them died, they proved to be courageous and strong all the way and became successful in the Battle.

The Battle of Vimy Ridge began on April 9th, 1917.30 This Battle was very significant, especially to the Canadians, because it led to their independence. They underwent weeks of serious training, studied their way through maps, and learned how to use their weapons.31 “Chaps you shall go over exactly like a railroad train, on time, you shall be annihilated,” warned Canadian Corps Commander Sir Julian Byng.32 This Battle took place on the Western Front, in Northern France. It was very awful due to the Canadians that died in the Battle. More than 10,600 Canadians died.33 Many Canadians sacrificed just to lead the Germans to surrender. They fought hard and to their luck, they conquered Vimy Ridge.

The Battle of Passchendaele began on July 31st, 1917.33 It was nicknamed as the “Battle of Senseless Slaughter.”34 There were about 736,397 deaths and over 850,000 injuries. The Battle included many countries such as; the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, France, and Germany.35 The soldiers experienced the worst at the Western Front. It rained for two days except the third. Men and animals drowned in deadly swamps of mud.36 Although the British Empire and the Canadians played a major role. They both captured the Passchendaele village at a heavy price. It was an Allied victory when the Battle was over.

The Battle of Cambria began on November 10, 1917, right after the Battle of Passchendaele.37 This Battle is also known as the Tank Attack.38 This was because they used 374 tanks in the Battle. The ground was flat which became even better for the tanks. Britain and Canada were their allies against Germany.39 Canada really helped due to their specialties in military engineering.40 During the Battle, some of the tanks would fall in the trenches, but that didn’t determine their victory. Britain helped by their skillful development of the tank, which really protected them and was also a good weapon.

World War I ended at 11 a.m. on November 1918. This day was celebrated and known as Armistice Day.41 It was the day Germany had a peace agreement. With Germany and its Allies, it was stronger than all the other countries, but they chose to surrender and seek peace. So many people were hurt physically, mentally, spiritually, and emotionally. The total number of soldiers and resident victims was about 40 million.42 There were about 9.7 million soldiers and 10 million residents who died. In the military, the Triple Entente lost 5.7 million soldiers and the Triple Alliance lost about 4 million soldiers.43 The Treaty of Versailles was a document signed by the leaders of the USA, Franc, and Great Britain, in the town of Versailles.44 Most of what was agreed upon greatly involved Germany. In the document, it agreed that: Germany had to accept the blame for starting the War, Germany would not join the League of Nations, a part of Germany’s ten percent of the land would be taken away, Germany could not have an army of more than 100,000 men and no submarines or an air force, and they had to pay £6.6 billion for reparations.45 The Germans felt insulted, betrayed, and defeated when they saw the Treaty of Versailles. These rules were made to protect the nations and avoid another War.

World War I was indeed an avoidable catastrophe that could have been avoided if men were willing to live together as a nation. This War began because some people were selfish. Some countries did not like each other or had a different perspective from what other really was. Instead of building each other as a nation, people destroyed each other. They believed that if they won they would be at the top, instead, they did not think of the harm in it. They did not think of the starving children due to the lack of agricultural resources, the helpless mothers who became widows because some of them were forced into the Battle and did not make it, the Great Depression, the lack of food, the lack of women rights, the dying soldiers who were also fathers. This caused men to really think about the afterlife because they knew that they were going to die. Many people joined different religions such as Catholicism, Protestantism, or Judaism. If they were going to die physically, they needed to live spiritually.

Even in the generation we live in we still have problems as such; building relationships with people from different cultures, reduction of racism in society through different activities, multicultural collaboration, political differences, transforming conflicts in diverse communities, and understanding culture, social organization, and leadership to enhance engagement. Although we struggle with these things, we should not let our diversities hinder us from engaging with others and maintaining a healthy community. If we expect people to show love and peace we should live by example and portray it within ourselves. “Change will not come if we wait for some other person, or if we wait for some other time. We are the ones we’ve been waiting for. We are the change that we seek.”46

Analytical Essay on Causes of World War 1

The following research paper is on the topic of World War One Its causes and the results. This paper is based on authentic history and written on the basis of valid sources. And this research paper will talk about that how World War One took place, and what major factors played a role in World War One, which were the major states who fought the war. After the causes the results of the war has been discussed that how the war affect the different states and how organization such as the League of Nations was established. I hope that this research paper will serve as the master research paper on the topic of World War I and it would be really helpful for all those who want to know about WWI.

Many efforts were made by German Chancellor Bismarck to keep France isolated. A Triple Alliance was formed with Austria and Italy in 1882 A.D. with a view to achieving this end. During the same time, France was in precarious condition so she also started to search for allies. Germany was inclined towards Austria as a result of which bitterness also cropped up between Russia and Germany. Considering the whole situation, France formed an alliance with Russia in 1894 A.D. After observing the world situation England had to establish friendly relations with other states. It failed to establish good relations with Germany but it succeeded to form an alliance with Japan in 1902 A.D. and then with France in 1904 A.D. and finally with Russia in 1907 A.D. Hence England, France, and Russia formed a Triple Entente. This led to the division of Europe into two rival camps where hatred and rivalry were supreme. European powers had both commercial and colonial rivalry at that time. Efforts were made to increase influence over the East. One of the ambitious fellows was the German Emperor Kaiser William II. He was trying hard to make Germany the most powerful state. These all conditions prepared the ground for World War which broke out in 1914 A.D. It continued for four years i.e. 1914-18. All states play their role in this war. It was such a fierce war.

Main Causes of WW 1

Secret Alliance

The main cause of WWI was the secret alliance system. In 1914, Europe was divided into two armed camps. Germany had to enter into an alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1897. Italy joined the Germany-Austria Alliance in 1882 and The Triple Alliance came into existence. France and Russia were unable to stay together because of Bismarck’s efforts. In 1890 when Bismarck was dismissed Germany left Russia alone and helpless which forced Russia to lean towards France. Not only the dismissal but many other factors brought the two states together. A Franco-Russian Alliance was formed in 1894. Things remained in this condition for some time. During the 19th century, England followed a policy of splendid isolation but now it started to feel all alone. It was afraid of the consequences it might face of being alone. To overcome this fear it tried to enter into an alliance with Germany but unfortunately, it failed to make an alliance. Then it succeeded to enter into an alliance with Japan in 1902. An Entente Cordiale was made between England and France in 1904. A Triple Entente came into existence in 1907 when England signed the Anglo-Russian Convention with Russia. Turkey was defeated by Germany which resulted in the division of Europe into two camps. The forest camp included France, Russia, England, and Japan. While the second camp consisted of Austria-Hungary, Italy, Germany, and Turkey. There was enmity among the two camps other than jealousy. This mutual hatred was created by the system of secret alliance which ultimately resulted in the War of 1914. It all was because of the D-D system of alliance which was the curse of modern times.

Militarism

Militarism was another cause of the world. This means the most dangerous mechanism of great standing armies and large navies along with an espionage system. The existence of a powerful class of navy officers and military headed by General Staff was also meant. At that time of crisis, these two people dominated the affairs of the country. Years are free years the military and the naval arms of the Great Powers began to grow. The main responsibilities of these armaments were defense and peace maintenance. They were supposed to produce a sense of security. Their actual result was that there was universal fear suspicion and hatred among the different nations. This is amply proved between Germany and England by the naval competition. A race of naval armament started between both countries. Two ships were built by England for every ship built by Germany. Only war was the solution to end such a race. Too much power was added into the land of the General Staff of every country by militarism. No conducive was found to maintain the peace.

Competitive Patriotism

Narrow nationalism or competitive patriotism was another cause of the war. The love of one’s country demanded the hatred of the other country. Love for France demanded hatred for Germany and vice versa. A bitterness between Serbia and Austria-Hungary what’s created by intense nationalism. The heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary Archduke Francis Ferdinand was murdered because of this.

Economic Imperialism

International rivalries started because of economic imperialism. Every state tried to overtake the markets in every corner of the world. This resulted in bitterness and heart-burning. Bad blood among nations started because of the efforts to establish protectorates and spheres of influence in various parts of the world. Efforts were made By Germany to overtake the markets which were already in the hands of the English led to bitterness between the two states. Great Britain was not prepared to give up her colonies’ protectorates’ spheres of influence and markets to humor Germany. Tariff wars took place between various states which also resulted in worsening the relations. Germany was bent on getting all the markets at any cost war followed.

Poisoning of public opinion

Newspapers poison the public opinion which was another cause of the war. Newspapers misrepresented the situation in other countries by defaming nationalist fillings in all countries. The senseless attitude of the leasing newspaper was admitted frequently by ambassadors and cabinet ministers in their own countries. A regular newspaper war was created by making attacks and counter-attacks and exhilarating some points of dispute by the newspaper of both countries. According to Bismarck:

“Every country is held at some time to account for the windows broken by its press; the bill is presented some day or other, in the shape of hostile sentiments in the other countries”.

Character of William-II

The emperor of Germany, William ii, played an important role in the cause of war, he was ambitious, very arrogant, and haughty. His main goal was to see Germany be the strongest power in the world. He had a strong belief in the policy of “world power on downfall”. He was not ready at all to make any compromises in International affairs. He desired to have his own way in every case. His opinion about the English character was very poor, his thought was that English men would not fight against him rather they would agree upon all his demands. He was sadly mistaken in his estimate of the English nation. The British wanted to maintain peace but it was not a sign of her cowardice or weakness. It was a misunderstanding of British character by William ii that was responsible for his attitude towards England and that mistake proved to be his undoing.

The desire of French people to get back Alsace-Lorraine

The desire of the people of France to get back Alsace-Lorraine was another cause of the war which was snatched away from them by Germany in 1871. The Government of the Third Republic in France tried very hard to keep the spirit of revenge and the hope for the restoration of the two provinces alive. The statue of Strasbourg in the Place de la Concorde in Paris reminded the Frenchmen of their lost territories. A feeling of revenge among the young men was inculcated by the songs of Paul Deroulede. There was also an economic motive for getting back Alsace-Lorraine. The Frenchmen must have burned their blood when they found the industrial prosperity of Germany was due to the iron mines of Lorraine in the hands of their enemies. The iron and steel magnates of France felt that they could not do without the iron mines of Lorraine. Germany’s interference in the affairs of Morocco added to the bitterness and hatred between the French and Germany.

Near-Eastern problem

Near-Eastern problem was another cause of war. The situation on the balcony was complicated by many factors. The misrule of Turkey resulted in discontentment .there was a clash between Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia for the control of Macedonia which has a mixed occasion of the Bosnian crisis of 1908 -9 and could be expected to do the same in the future. The forces of Pan-Slavism were another factor complicating the situation. The Astro– German Drang mach Osten or “Urge towards the East” worsen the matter.

How Did Alliances Lead to World War 1: Analytical Essay

New Paradigms within the Study of ‘World War 1’ Warfare I, conjointly referred to as the primary warfare, the Good War, the Seminal Catastrophe, and at the start in North America because the European War, was a world war originating in Europe that lasted from twenty-eight Gregorian calendar month 1914 to St Martin’s Day 1918. Contemporaneously delineated as ‘the war to finish all wars’, it light-emitting diode to the mobilization of quite seventy million military personnel, together with sixty million Europeans, creating one of the biggest wars in history. it’s conjointly one among the deadliest conflicts in history, with associate calculable 9 million combatants and 7 million civilian deaths as an immediate result of the war, whereas ensuing genocides and therefore the resulting 1918 contagious disease pandemic caused another fifty a hundred million deaths worldwide On twenty-eight Gregorian calendar month 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a European nationSerbian Yugoslav nationalist, dead the Austro-Hungarian heir prince Franz Ferdinand in Bosnia, resulting in the Gregorian calendar month Crisis. In response, on the twenty-three Gregorian calendar months geographic area issued associate demand to geographical area. Serbia’s reply did not satisfy the Austrians, and therefore the 2 emotional to a war footing A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue within the Balkans to 1 involving most of Europe. By the Gregorian calendar month 1914, the good powers of Europe were divided into 2 coalitions: the Triple Entente consisting of France, Russia, and Britain and the Triple Alliance of the Federal Republic of Germany, geographic area, and Italy.

Russia felt it necessary to back the geographical area and, once the geographic area shelled the Serbian capital of Beograd on 28 July, approved partial mobilization. Full Russian mobilization was declared on the evening of 30 July; on the thirty-first, geographic area and the Federal Republic of Germany did identical, whereas the Federal Republic of Germany demanded Russia demobilize within twelve hours. once Russia did not follow, the Federal Republic of Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August in support of the geographic area, with geographic area following suit on 6 August; France ordered full mobilization in support of Russia on 2 August German strategy for a war on 2 fronts against France and Russia was to chop-chop concentrate the majority of its army within the West to defeat France inside six weeks, then shift forces to the East before Russia may absolutely mobilize; this was later referred to as the Schlieffen arrange. On 2 August, the Federal Republic of Germany demanded free passage through a European country, a necessary component in achieving a fast triumph over France. Once this was refused, German forces invaded the European country on 3 August and declared war on France identical day; the Belgian government invoked the 1839 accord of London and in compliance with its obligations below this, the United Kingdom declared war on the Federal Republic of Germany on 4 August. On twelve August, the United Kingdom and France conjointly declared war on Austria-Hungary; on 23 August, Japan sided with the United Kingdom, seizing German possessions in China and therefore the Pacific. In Nov 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered the war on the facet of the Central Powers, gap fronts within the Caucasus, geographical area, and therefore the peninsula.

The war was fought in and played upon every power’s colonial empire likewise, spreading the conflict to continent and across the world. The Entente and its allies would eventually become referred to as the Allied Powers, whereas the grouping of geographic area, the Federal Republic of Germany and their allies would become referred to as the Central Powers The German advance into France was halted at the Battle of the Marne and by the top of 1914, the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition marked by an extended series of trench lines that modified very little till 1917. In 1915, Italy joined the Allied Powers and opened a front within the Alps. The Republic of Bulgaria joined the Central Powers in 1915 and the Balkan state joined the Allies in 1917, increasing the war within the Balkans. The u. s. at the start remained neutral, tho’ even though neutral it became a very important provider of war equipment to the Allies. Eventually, once the sinking of Yankee merchandiser ships by German submarines, the declaration by the Federal Republic of Germany that its navy would resume unrestricted attacks on neutral shipping, and therefore the revelation that the Federal Republic of Germany was attempting to incite North American nation to create war on the u. s., the U.S. declared war on the Federal Republic of Germany on 6 April 1917. Trained Yank forces wouldn’t-begin incoming at the front in massive numbers till mid-1918, however ultimately the Yank military Force would reach some 2 million troops tho’ the geographical area was defeated in 1915, and Balkan state joined the Allied Powers in 1916 solely to be defeated in 1917, none of the good powers were knocked out of the war till 1918.

The 1917 Russian Revolution in Russia replaced the tzarist autocracy with the tentative Government, however, continued discontent with the value of the war light-emitting diode to the takeover, the creation of the Soviet Socialist Republic, and therefore the sign language of the accord of Brest-Litovsk by the new government in March 1918, ending Russia’s involvement within the war. This allowed the transfer of an oversized variety of German troops from the East to the Western Front, leading to the German March 1918 Offensive. This offensive was at the start booming, however, did not score a decisive triumph and exhausted the last of the German reserves. The Allies rallied and drove the Germans back in their Hundred Days Offensive, a continuous series of attacks to which the Germans had no reply. The Republic of Bulgaria was the primary Central Power to sign an associate armistice-the cease-fire of the metropolis on twenty-nine Sep 1918. On thirty October, the Ottoman Empire capitulated, sign language cease-fire of Mudros. Ultimately, as a result of the war the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian Empires ceased to exist, with varied new states created from their remains. but despite the conclusive Allied triumph, a second warfare would follow simply over twenty years later Names The term ‘First World War’ was 1st employed in Sep 1914 by German life scientist and thinker Ernst Philosopher, UN agency claimed that ‘there is not any doubt that the course and character of the scary ‘European War.. can become the primary warfare within the full sense of the word,’ citing a press association report within the capital of Indiana Star on twenty Sep 1914 before warfare II.

Causes of World War 1: Analytical Essay

The purpose of this essay is to discuss the conflicting evidence relating to the debate on what factors and who are responsible for the outbreak of world war I. This war is one of the most controversial and is a repeatedly debated subject in history. There are three main viewpoints when it comes to the responsibility debate; Germany was planning an aggressive war, Germany was planning a defensive war, and the ‘cock-up’ theory. There are many factors that could have led to the outbreak of world war I and throughout this essay, they will be discussed.

The initial outbreak of the war was in 1914 Europe when the heir to the Austrian throne, Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated. The archduke and his wife traveled to Sarajevo in June 1914 to inspect the army. During this official visit, he and his wife were assassinated by a Serbian nationalist who was part of the black hand gang which was a secret military society in Serbia. This itself did not cause the war but did set off a chain of events which was a storm of intense nationalism in all European countries. Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia’s government for this attack which then lead to alliances being formed between countries as they were hungry for power and control.

There are many factors that could have started the outbreak of the war and not just one of them was the cause but each in conjunction with the other, the great powers reached boiling point. One of the causes was militarism. Militarism is a belief or system that emphasizes the importance of military power. It was an important force in several European nations before World War I and military leaders had influence over civil governments and placed their interests and priorities first. There was a race for creating more weapons of mass destruction among nations. The alliance system grew stronger as they began to make agreements with other powers to protect each other. The triple alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy was soon to be counter-balanced as the Triple Entente of France, Russia, and Great Britain emerged. As a result of this by 1907 Europe was divided into two armed camps. The alliance between the nations of Europe had all agreed to be of assistance to each other which meant any small conflict between them had the potential to turn into war. Nationalism was a major factor in the outbreak of world war I as it made tensions grow even further. Nationalism is extreme patriotism and pride in one’s country this was a problem as the aim of nationalists’ movements was the establishment of a new independent state for their nation’s own racial group. Imperialism made an impact too as most European nations were engaged in empire-building, this led to tensions rising even further as the animosity in Europe made it easier for countries to join in on the conflict that erupted as a result of the assassination of Archduke Franz Fernand.

Domestic Impact of World War 1: Analytical Essay

Introduction

Technology did have a significant impact during World War I and is proven by the weaponry (the arms race), aviation, and medical technology used during this event. These three points were all very important during the first war and it would be false to say that it had no impact.

BP1 – Weapons and the arms race

Weaponry had a significant impact on World War I, in particular, the arms race. The arms race is a competition that takes place when two or more nations grow the quality and size of their army resources to reach military and political superiority over each other. This competition clearly shows that technology had a significant impact on World War I because it played a large role in the cause of the war and some country’s economy was affected heavily. Between 1871 and 1914, there was a massive increase in spending, Germany had an increase of 340% and Russia with a 260% increase. Because of Germany’s large spending on their army, by 1914, they had the most powerful army in the world. This is shown through a quote from a strategist, Herman Kahn, who stated that “World War I broke out largely because of an arms race”. This clearly proves that World War I primarily began due to the clash of nations wanting the best army. Some of the main weapons used in World War I were rifles, artillery, machine guns, and bayonets. Artillery arguably had the greatest impact during World War I, more than any other weaponry. Artillery causes huge damage to the enemies, equipment, and landscape. During World War I, there were more than one billion artillery shells fired and no other weapon killed more soldiers than this weaponry. These statistics clearly prove that technology did have a significant impact on World War I because weaponry was heavily used during this time.

BP2 – Aviation

Another reason technology had a significant impact on World War I is because of the use of planes. Aviation was first used as surveillance and was a way for soldiers to explore the battlefield and determine the enemy’s next movements. As the war advanced and progressed, aircraft started to be used as a way to bomb enemy land. At first, planes could only carry small bombs that were not very effective, but by the end of the first world war, planes were then built to hold heavier, bigger, and more effective bombs. Whilst more planes were now getting into the sky, enemies would now fight in the sky. First, they would be throwing grenades at each other but they quickly realized that it was not working very well so they soon discovered that the best way to shoot an enemy plane down was with mounted machine guns. Fights in the air later became a common occurrence and were called dogfights. A battle during the first world war where planes had a significant impact was the battle of the Somme in July 1916. By this time the Royal Flying Corps (the air arm of the British army) had grown to over 400 aircraft and 27 squadrons. Overall, aviation was very important during World War I and confirms that technology did have a significant impact. A professional airplane pilot named William Langewiesche said “The mastery of the turn is the story of how aviation became practical as a means of transportation”. This quote shows the impact aviation had on the future of transportation. Overall, aviation confirms that technology did have a significant impact on World War I.

BP3 – Medical Technology

Medical technology also had a significant impact on World War I. The injury was obviously the most common occurrence during the war, so treatment was very crucial. During World War I, an estimated 19 million troopers from all armies had been wounded. Men did not only suffer from injuries, but they would also catch diseases that were mostly caused by the horrible living conditions in the trenches, poor hygiene, and food shortage. Common diseases consist of trench foot, trench fever, typhoid, and influenza. Many officers and men carried medication such as painkillers and took them as treatment and carried on fighting. Men who were seriously injured or ill were cared for more, being taken by an ambulance to an area with a set of tents or huts where operations like surgeries would exist. The wounded soldiers then get taken to hospitals where they could get care from nurses. Around 500,000 amputations were performed during World War I. This war played an important role in the future of women working in the military. It demonstrated that women were capable of nursing and supporting the men fighting. It allowed both the Navy and Army for women to become more involved than they ever have. 44th president of the United States, Barack Obama, said that “nurses, mostly women, historically, have been a force of will and a sense of common decency and paved the way towards better care and a more compassionate society”. This quote justifies that without the help of nurses in the past, life today wouldn’t be the same. Ultimately, technology had a significant impact on World War I and that is proven through how important medical technology was.

Conclusion

Conclusively, technology had a significant impact on World War I. The three main uses of technology during the First War were weapons, aviation, and medical technology. Essentially, technology had a significant impact because it saved many lives with when attacking and defending (use of weapons and aviation) and the medication and treatment helped soldiers recover.