Category: The Pardoner’s Tale

In “The General Prologue”, Chaucer presents himself to the audience as the narrator of his poem. Because his primary purpose throughout the whole poem was to observe and describe the character travelers that where traveling from England to Canterbury and to report to the audience each of the traveler’s tale. Chaucer starts by telling his main purpose views writing this poem in these quotes to his audience:

But nathelees, whil I have time and space,

Er that I fether in this tale pace,

Me thinketh it accordant to resoun

To telle you al the condicioun

Of eech of hem, so as it seemed me,

And whiche they were, and of what degree,

And eek in what array that they were inne:

And at a knight thanne wol I first biginne.

(GP, 35-42)

Here Chaucer is saying that he is going to describe the character travelers to his readers about their social rank, habits, and clothing. And additionally, by separating himself from the characters while reporting their tales to his audience the main tone Chaucer portraits in the poem is an ironic tone. Because Chaucer uses his role as narrator to praise aspects of the characters that are not praiseworthy for their position, which allows him to ironically tell the good and bad about them in an ironic and humorous way. And I believe that he starts with the pilgrims that he liked most and admired the most. For example, the Knight Chaucer describes him as:

A Knight ther was, and that a worthy man,

That fro the time that he first bigan

To riden out, he loved chilvarye,

Trouthe and honour, freedom and curteisye.

(GP, 43-46)

The views of the Chaucer of how the orders the pilgrims were more about describing to the readers and given them a clearer representation of what the expected behaviors at the time were for men and the women he describes as his characters. Like one of the characters Chaucer describes as the most colorful of all, was the Wif of Bathe, which he describes to have had five husbands, who talks about love, wears a huge hat and is well traveled. Another character he describes as colorful as Bathe is, the Miller, with his red beard and his stories filled with obscenities.

The Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale theme is about how money is the root of evil by describing how greedy and corrupted the Pardoner is and how he uses his preaching methods to get the pilgrims money. The Pardoner begins to describe himself to his fellow pilgrims about his own preaching methods he uses to manipulate people into giving him money. In the begging of the prologue he starts by saying, “My theme is always oon, and evere was: Radix malorum est cupiditas”(PPT,45-46). Which means that money is the root of all evil. He then revels how dishonest and greedy he is by discussing how he tricks the pilgrims out of their money by telling them a tale without doing his job right which is to award token remission of punishment for sins that the donor should have repented and confessed to him.

After the Pardoner describes how greedy and corrupted he is, he assures the people that he can still be able to tell a moral tell: “ For though myself be a ful vicious man, A moral tale yit I you telle can, Which I am wont to preche for to winnie.” (PPT, 171-173) The Pardoner starts to tell his tale to the people, which is a bombastic sermon against gluttony, gambling, and swearing, which he preaches to the people to show off his professional preaching skills. And the tale does preach that “Radix malorum est cupiditas”(PPT,46), which means money is the root of all evil.

Work Cited

1. Chaucer, Geoffrey. “The General Prologue.” The Norton Anthology of English Literature, edited by Stephen Greenblatt, et. Al. 10th edition, vol. A, Norton, 2018, pp. 261-281.
2. Chaucer, Geoffrey. “The Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale.” The Norton Anthology of English Literature, edited by Stephen Greenblatt, et. Al. 10th edition, vol. A, Norton, 2018, pp. 328-343.

Stories are built on trust. But who or what we put our trust in is relative. Pardoner’s Tale is a story about a corrupt pardoner telling his interesting story. The Pardoner makes sure that the audience knows that he is a liar, driven by avarice above all else and that his intentions are foul. I will argue in this paper that no matter what the Pardoner’s intentions are, or how controversial his dishonesty is, he achieved something positive by completing a moral story. I will also claim that the listener/audience should always put their trust in the actual story itself, not to the storyteller. This method negates both the intention and honesty of the storyteller since these things do not matter if the story is the listener’s main focus and also makes the distinct separation of lying and deceiving.

Pardoner is a craftsman of building trust but why and how he is building this trust is quite interesting. Pardoner aims to gain money or in other words styles, his moves to makes sure that his avarice is sustained. Unlike a common liar or a counterfeit storyteller, he says or makes nothing to promote or legitimize his story because all he needs is to make sure that people are believing in him not particularly to his story. He is just using the moral of the story to impact a heavy strike to the heart of the audience and exploit them. However, he succeeds to give to the audience the actual moral of the story. In lines, 22-24 Pardoner states that by ‘preaching’ he wouldn’t do any ‘honest’ work (Chaucer). The choice of words is predominantly important in these lines since preaching is often associated with storytelling. These lines are the only lines that specify that this story is dishonest. All the other lines about this story before the actual beginning, like lines 15-20 is about getting ‘silver for the things I teach’ or ‘living in poverty’ these all are closely connected with the Pardoner being an exploiting and sordid man and these lines indicate nothing about the legitimacy of the story (Chaucer). In conclusion, the lack of specification indicates that one cannot reach a certain result if this story is honest or not. This specific situation is promoting my point by giving us no proof of a dishonest story and drawing our focus on what the story is trying to tell. By doing this Pardoner creates an unintentional trust towards his story. Both the reader and the actual listener seem to be affected by this condition. This is quite a positive thing since one should not trust the storyteller but the story that they are listening to. This way Pardoner makes sure -although unintentionally- that his claims of being a liar have no effect on both the reader and the listener.

Deception is a common term that is frequently confused with lying. Although they are closely related, they are not the same. In Pardoner’s story, Death is personified as a thief and since the Age is suitable this so-called thief is “stealing” a lot of lives in the disguise of plaques (Lines 65-71 Chaucer). There is a brief summary-like mini-story amid the actual tale. The storyteller of this mini-story is an old man that Death seems to have forgotten. This old man gives a summary like the story of his life and directs the actual vengeful ‘heroes’ of the story towards Death but what they find is, in fact, a pile of gold. What is important with this deception like story is how the truth was completely relative. Morally, the old man in fact not lied. This small conditional deception, however, does not destroy or negate the reality of his brief story. His deceptive ways will and did indeed damaged the credibility of his story however there is no indicator or reason to suggest his story was not true. The old man’s deception is a common feature of all stories. They suggest a moral point and they will almost always have exaggeration in them. These exaggerations are a form of deception. However, this form of deception is not directly lying and thus does not indicate a trust problem. We have no reason not to believe that the old man’s story was not true. Our heroes’ reaction to the pile of gold is also important. When presented with something much better they forgot and neglected the actual deception. This is much like the original listeners of the Pardoner’s Tale. They are listening even though they have been told more than once that the storyteller of the story is not trustworthy. The continued listening can be explained by this particular situation. They were presented with something far more interesting than a corrupt Pardoner talking about how dishonest he is, and they took it.

On the matter of lying, the very storytellers we adore and keep a close eye on are inevitably liars. Even though they are not certified liars, they did in fact at a point in their lives lied. We as always are continuing to give credit and trust to their stories even though we know they are liars. Ageless Literature can give us examples of writers and storytellers that were not good people and were driven by greed by today we are giving credit to them. This modern example is also a perfect way to understand why people are listening to the story of the Pardoner. Literature is often built on these small deceptive ways. Even other forms of literature will almost always have this small deceptive factor in them. Pardoner’s Tale is a particularly good example of showing us how this plot-twist like deceiving is the main element of teaching. Even though the old man’s story had a deathly conclusion it still can teach a greater moral to a greater audience.

WORKS CITED

1. Chaucer, Geoffrey, and Nevill Coghill. The Canterbury Tales. London; New York: Penguin Books, 2003.

In the Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale by Geoffery Chaucer, it exemplifies the opposite of what women were during that time. Specifically in the Wife’s long prologue, it discusses the Wife being married five times and how she got her way. The Wife was a very lustful person, and she used her body to show her disapproval of celibacy. In the actual tale it goes more into detail about the Wife’s actions and results. In the Prologue readers can get to know the Wife on a more personal level. By understanding how the Wife used her identity through tokens of status and power, sexuality and desire, gender, community and nation, and sacrifice.

Status and power was very important to the Wife. She wanted to be in complete control with her husband at the time. The Wife used physical token and non physical that gets her some social power. An example from the text is lines 211-220 when it says, “Me needed nat do lenger diligence/ To winne/ hir love or doon hem reverence./ They love ye me so wel, by God above, That ne tolde no daintee of hir love./ A wis womman wol bisye hire evere in onn/ To gete hire love, ye, ther as she hath noon. But sith i hadde hem hooly in myn hand, And sith that they hadde yiven me al hir land, What sholde i take keep hem for to plese.” In this quote it shows how the wife she had a man in here hand fully, and how she does not have to go above and beyond. She is saying that she’s love no matter what.

Also, in this quote her taken when wife says she held them fully by her hand. This can be taken as physical and non physical. The physical part could be a man actually holding her hand and the non physical part is the hand can represent men giving her stuff instead of it meaning an actual hand. These two parts of social status is used to represent some of the issues of identity. In the prologue, it is very clear to see that the wife knows exactly who she is and what she wants out of men. The Wife was a very brave woman and other women didn’t have the strength to say no to their husband or command things. The Wife was unique and her identity sticks out more compared to others. The text uses this to help the Wife’s individualism more known and different from other women during that time period.

Sexuality and desire is one of the main factors that shaped The Wife of Bath’s Prologue into being more interesting and intriguing. The Wife challenged for anyone to prove that God commanded virginity. In the prologue the Wife goes on to talk about how God made sexual organs to be used for pleasure. This helped her to gain more control over her husbands. She honors her sins and then defends them. The Wife had the Pardoner very nervous. She told him to shut up and have some more to drink. This was not considered ladylike, and it had the Pardoner worried about if he should marry or not, since she seemed stronger than him, and made his seem like a pushover. Some readers may feel the Wife was a very aggressive person when it comes to men. She desire control form the person she was with and once she did, it could never be taken from her. During this time period women were not very outspoken like the Wife, and it was not about sexual pleasure for a woman. It was about making sure the husband was please sexual, and women were to take care of children and house chores.

In the Wife of Bath’s Prologue gender is a very important aspect sine, it seems as if the gender roles were switched many times. Especially in lines 141-149 when it says, “But I saye nought that every wight is holde, That hath swich harneis as I to you tolde, To goon and usen hem in engendrure: Thanne sholde men take of cgastitee no cure./ Crist was maide and shapen as a man, And many a saint sith that the world bigan, Yit lived they evere in parfit chastitee./ I nil envye no virginite.” this quote explains how if a man lost his virginity before marriage it would no one cares, but if it is a woman everyone has a problem with it. The Wife was showing that even Christ is considered to be a man, and him and other men live perfectly with their “virginity.” The Wife shows that she does care about being a virgin or not because she felt is was breaking any of Gods rules. She simply found her way around the rules. Issues of gender is related to power and authority in the text, based off of no one cared if a man do something, but if a woman did it’s a big deal. In the quote listed above is a great example of unusual assumptions of gender and power challenged. This text did this to show how even more different that the Wife was compared to others during her time, whether it was male or female. When roles are reversed in the Prologue this reveals how women were considered to be outkast among men, even if the men do the exact thing a women did. The women will still get a bigger punishment because in society she was held at a much higher standard of doing things compared to men.

The concept of community and nation relates to the individual identity of the Wife in the text in many ways. An example is in lines 220-227, “But it were for my profit and nun else? I settle hem so awerke, by my fay, That many a night they songen wailaway./ The bacon was not fet, for hem, I trowe, that some men Han in Essexe at Dunmowe./ I governed hem so wel after my lawe/ That eech of hem ful blisful was and fawe/ To bringe me thinges fro the faire.” In this quote it shows how no matter where men went or did, at the end of the day the Wife was the one to get things from them and control them. The community and nation help to establish more specificity throughout the Prologue and give reader and more detailed explanation of how controlling the Wife could be. This help relate to individual identity by showing that no matter where she went, the Wife was always in control. She followed her own law. This identity helps shape the Prologue by helping the reader to know and understand the Wife’s point of view a little better.

The last key point that helps to understand the Wife’s identity is the true meaning of sacrifice. In the Prologue, even though the Wife, did have most of the things she wanted, she did not always have what she needed or perhaps wished to have. The Wife was known to be one of the best cloth-makers, and weavers. From her five different marriages, the Wife was also able to gain more knowledge about men, and clothes. She had more time then other married women during that time, since she didn’t have any children. Some of her husbands were bad for her, and she married very young. Her first two husbands were bad for her, and her fifth husband beat on her, but she loved him alot. As the Wife gets older and she got busy with her job, having children just wasn’t the main priority, which it probably should have been. By the time she got to her fifth husband she was older and the relationship was domestic so children never came. This is a big sacrifice for the Wife. She let her other beliefs get in the way, and time flew by quickly, she didn’t have an option of children anymore.

Some readers may suggest, based on the type of person the Wife seems to be, she never really wanted children. Hr main priority was being in control, and getting sexual pleasure for herself. The text uses the issue of sacrifice to shape the concept of the Wife behavior in society, to show that even though the Wife’s seemed like she had everything shev wanted, she really never did. This helps the Prologue to be more relatable to the readers/ audience. These exceptions help out individual character, by giving them a way to connect to different readers, and still keep an understanding of everything happening within the Prologue.

The Overall meaning of the Wife of Bath’s Prologue, by Geoffery Chauncer to not judge a book by it’s cover. Some readers may say this means that, even though the Wife is a woman and wasn’t supposed to have much power during that time period, she did. The Wife was in complete control, and it was her way, or no way. She had men in the Prologue seeming more feminine than she was. This Wife is an example of someone who is a leader, not a follower. The active agent in the text is the Wife. The Prologue is surrounding completely around her, and she make the big scenes that shaped the Prologue to be better for readers.

The passive subject in this text is the Pardoner. He didn’t take the actions a normal man would have taken, and seemed more feminie compared to the Wife. During their conversations, she was the one in control, and made the man feel kind of uncomfortable. This relates to the broader issues that help identify the identities during that time period. In the Prologue, readers can understand these issues better, through understanding how the Wife used her identity through tokens of status and power, sexuality and desire, gender, community and nation, and sacrifice. As explained, these issues help to get a more vivid connect to the Wife and her thoughts on life.