Category: Sugar

Introduction

The prejudicial treatment of a person basing on being a member of a class or group is known as discrimination. It includes certain behaviors towards people such as preventing one group of people from opportunities that are available to the other groups. Discrimination is the culmination of traits and understanding of the distinctions between things, which comes in varying frames and forms (Appleby, 2007).

Fiction is a narrative work that deals with news and events that are not on facts but imaginary created by the author. A writer tries to determine peoples response to nature and activities by giving a report from a perspective, like a film maker through pointing of the camera shapes peoples reactions to a film. In fictions, a writers interpretation of a narrator, point of view, is essential to peoples experience as readers.

Narrators classified are either party or nonparticipant narrators. A narrator that is nonparticipant talks in the third person referring to actors by their names. Explicit way of stories characterized in concert known as drama. Drama is an operation performed by actors before an audience on stage assumes means of performance that are collaborative and a reaction that is combined. Combined response and collaborative writing directly prejudice it (Saputo, 2011).

Drama: No Sugar by Jack Davis

In the 20th Century, it is a recognized factor in Australia, and all over the rest of the world, that there was neglect of Aborigines since the settlement of the first western civilization, and for several years after the western culture. It is the most fundamental aim of dramas to highlight issues, such as racism, and thoughts in relation to these matters to life through dramatic presentations and the use of various techniques.

Jack Davis wrote a book of revisionist known as No Sugar in 1985, which was one of these dramas. Jack Davis brought issues and even expressed his own thoughts about issues such as the discrimination of the treatment of Aboriginal in 1930s. The revisionist text of no sugar described life extensively, and thus offering a different perspective of the point of view of Aboriginal, on activities which came about during the period of the discrimination issue at hand (Davis, 1985).

No Sugar, the drama written by Jack Davis, highlights the exploitation of Aborigines in Australia in 1930s. More explicitly, it concerned the relations of Millimurra, and their immense success against the whites and treated like substances in their own country. The stage play was present in Moore River and Northam, in Western Australia. Jack surveyed matters surrounding the behavior of Aborigines during that time and reflected his own thoughts concerning these issues.

One of the issues highlighted with reference to that time in No Sugar was how Aborigines were discriminated against, because of the color of their skin. For instance, in the first scene of the first act, Cissie complained because her and her brother went to get apples, and they were given shriveled up ones, while the children of the whites were given juicy apples. Jack used techniques of drama in order to make his thoughts about discrimination issues to individual. He used a conversation in this example and in a manner of characterization.

There is discrimination at the place of work. Being looked at or treated differently because of ones race, religion, social rank, gender or any other characteristic is a form of discrimination (Rushefsky, 2008). At the place of work, discrimination takes place when a member of staff goes through harsh or discriminatory treatment because of their race, national origin, religion, experienced person or immobilized position, or any other characteristics protected by law (Mathis, 2010).

Human resources who have experienced acts of revenge for differing from discrimination of the place of work or for exposing violation to the government regarded to be discriminated against. In most of the countries, particular the developed ones, there are verdicts and laws that forbid discrimination in areas of work, such as hiring, recruiting, evaluations of job, policies of promotion, education, payments and actions of disciplinary (Nather, 2009).

Discrimination in place of work can be categorized as both direct and indirect. Discrimination that is open, entails treating a person less favorably because they possess a characteristic (for instance race, gender, age, socioeconomic status, beliefs, disability, national origin), contrasted with another person without that characteristic in the same situation (Swain, 2010).

An example of discrimination that is open would be, not recommending job to a woman because she is anticipated obtaining a maternity leave while a man is not. Discrimination that is implicit, entails setting state or a requirement, which a smaller percentage of those with the trait are capable of fulfilling, without rational justification (Heine & Lehman, 1997).

Ethics should be practiced mainly in the workplace. When given the task of being a leader, a person experiences many different situations (Wilson, 2003). What describe a leader are the way they carry on the circumstance, and the way they make up their minds (Leary & Tangney, 2003).

People working as administrators and employees have experienced and witnessed many circumstances, where personal and family matters have caused friction between the other employees and finally the leader. Like all predicaments that a leader is experiencing at the place of work, individual and family matters can be a delicate issue that requires to be handled in an assured such that the administrator is not in a situation that he or she may be blamed of managing the situation unethically (Heine & Lehman, 1997).

An administrators verdict in this state can also be prejudiced by social issues and sources from outside. When personal and family matters come up in the place of work, the management needs to think on how to handle the circumstances before they perform the action. If these ethics are put in practice, it will ensure that there is no discrimination against anyone (Crosby,2007).

Conclusion

In conclusion, discrimination is unethical issue. People should learn to treat the rest of people with equality and fairness. All people are the same and created by one Supreme Being. Fairness should be seen in the job markets, hospitals, market and the entire social structures (Martins, 2006).

This issue should be prevented and ensure that employers recruit with equality. People should be committed to a wide strategy of preventing discrimination, which works with organizations that regulate and assist them in developing and maintaining a culture of rights in the place of work.

More commissions and organizations should be created that will govern discrimination issues. Such institutions will be able to work with various media and technologies like the internet in ensuring that individuals access information of human rights. They should have a partner with community members and any other group to increase human rights commitment. Through stakeholders commitment, there is a hope of reducing the occurrence of discrimination, complaints associated to human rights, and support inclusiveness.

References

Appleby, S. (2007). Harassment and Discrimination: And Other Workplace Landmines. New York: Entrepreneur Press.

Crosby, F. (2007). Sex discrimination in the workplace: multidisciplinary perspectives. Oxford. Wiley-Blackwell.

Davis, J. M. (1985). No Sugar. New York: ABC-CLIO Publisher.

Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1997). Culture, dissonance, and self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. London, England: Penguin

Leary, M. R. & Tangney, J. P. (2003). Handbook of self and identity. New York: Guilford Press.
Martins, M. (2006).Discrimination Law and Employment Issues. New Jersey: Thorogood Publishing.

Mathis, R. (2010). Human Resource Management. New York: Cengage Learning.

Nather, D. (2009). Discrimination: Everything You Need to Know. Health Ranger Digest, Vol. 45. New York: St. Martins Press.

Rushefsky, E.(2008). Civil Rights policy in Australia. New York: M.E. Sharpe Publisher.

Saputo, L. (2011). Work Place: Revolution or evolution. New York. Cengage Publishers.

Swain, M. (2010). Discrimination issues in the 90s. New South Wales, N.S.W. Parliamentary.
Wilson, F. (2003). Organizational Behaviour and Gender. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Introduction

The prejudicial treatment of a person basing on being a member of a class or group is known as discrimination. It includes certain behaviors towards people such as preventing one group of people from opportunities that are available to the other groups. Discrimination is the culmination of traits and understanding of the distinctions between things, which comes in varying frames and forms (Appleby, 2007).

Fiction is a narrative work that deals with news and events that are not on facts but imaginary created by the author. A writer tries to determine peoples response to nature and activities by giving a report from a perspective, like a film maker through pointing of the camera shapes peoples reactions to a film. In fictions, a writers interpretation of a narrator, point of view, is essential to peoples experience as readers.

Narrators classified are either party or nonparticipant narrators. A narrator that is nonparticipant talks in the third person referring to actors by their names. Explicit way of stories characterized in concert known as drama. Drama is an operation performed by actors before an audience on stage assumes means of performance that are collaborative and a reaction that is combined. Combined response and collaborative writing directly prejudice it (Saputo, 2011).

Drama: No Sugar by Jack Davis

In the 20th Century, it is a recognized factor in Australia, and all over the rest of the world, that there was neglect of Aborigines since the settlement of the first western civilization, and for several years after the western culture. It is the most fundamental aim of dramas to highlight issues, such as racism, and thoughts in relation to these matters to life through dramatic presentations and the use of various techniques.

Jack Davis wrote a book of revisionist known as No Sugar in 1985, which was one of these dramas. Jack Davis brought issues and even expressed his own thoughts about issues such as the discrimination of the treatment of Aboriginal in 1930s. The revisionist text of no sugar described life extensively, and thus offering a different perspective of the point of view of Aboriginal, on activities which came about during the period of the discrimination issue at hand (Davis, 1985).

No Sugar, the drama written by Jack Davis, highlights the exploitation of Aborigines in Australia in 1930s. More explicitly, it concerned the relations of Millimurra, and their immense success against the whites and treated like substances in their own country. The stage play was present in Moore River and Northam, in Western Australia. Jack surveyed matters surrounding the behavior of Aborigines during that time and reflected his own thoughts concerning these issues.

One of the issues highlighted with reference to that time in No Sugar was how Aborigines were discriminated against, because of the color of their skin. For instance, in the first scene of the first act, Cissie complained because her and her brother went to get apples, and they were given shriveled up ones, while the children of the whites were given juicy apples. Jack used techniques of drama in order to make his thoughts about discrimination issues to individual. He used a conversation in this example and in a manner of characterization.

There is discrimination at the place of work. Being looked at or treated differently because of ones race, religion, social rank, gender or any other characteristic is a form of discrimination (Rushefsky, 2008). At the place of work, discrimination takes place when a member of staff goes through harsh or discriminatory treatment because of their race, national origin, religion, experienced person or immobilized position, or any other characteristics protected by law (Mathis, 2010).

Human resources who have experienced acts of revenge for differing from discrimination of the place of work or for exposing violation to the government regarded to be discriminated against. In most of the countries, particular the developed ones, there are verdicts and laws that forbid discrimination in areas of work, such as hiring, recruiting, evaluations of job, policies of promotion, education, payments and actions of disciplinary (Nather, 2009).

Discrimination in place of work can be categorized as both direct and indirect. Discrimination that is open, entails treating a person less favorably because they possess a characteristic (for instance race, gender, age, socioeconomic status, beliefs, disability, national origin), contrasted with another person without that characteristic in the same situation (Swain, 2010).

An example of discrimination that is open would be, not recommending job to a woman because she is anticipated obtaining a maternity leave while a man is not. Discrimination that is implicit, entails setting state or a requirement, which a smaller percentage of those with the trait are capable of fulfilling, without rational justification (Heine & Lehman, 1997).

Ethics should be practiced mainly in the workplace. When given the task of being a leader, a person experiences many different situations (Wilson, 2003). What describe a leader are the way they carry on the circumstance, and the way they make up their minds (Leary & Tangney, 2003).

People working as administrators and employees have experienced and witnessed many circumstances, where personal and family matters have caused friction between the other employees and finally the leader. Like all predicaments that a leader is experiencing at the place of work, individual and family matters can be a delicate issue that requires to be handled in an assured such that the administrator is not in a situation that he or she may be blamed of managing the situation unethically (Heine & Lehman, 1997).

An administrators verdict in this state can also be prejudiced by social issues and sources from outside. When personal and family matters come up in the place of work, the management needs to think on how to handle the circumstances before they perform the action. If these ethics are put in practice, it will ensure that there is no discrimination against anyone (Crosby,2007).

Conclusion

In conclusion, discrimination is unethical issue. People should learn to treat the rest of people with equality and fairness. All people are the same and created by one Supreme Being. Fairness should be seen in the job markets, hospitals, market and the entire social structures (Martins, 2006).

This issue should be prevented and ensure that employers recruit with equality. People should be committed to a wide strategy of preventing discrimination, which works with organizations that regulate and assist them in developing and maintaining a culture of rights in the place of work.

More commissions and organizations should be created that will govern discrimination issues. Such institutions will be able to work with various media and technologies like the internet in ensuring that individuals access information of human rights. They should have a partner with community members and any other group to increase human rights commitment. Through stakeholders commitment, there is a hope of reducing the occurrence of discrimination, complaints associated to human rights, and support inclusiveness.

References

Appleby, S. (2007). Harassment and Discrimination: And Other Workplace Landmines. New York: Entrepreneur Press.

Crosby, F. (2007). Sex discrimination in the workplace: multidisciplinary perspectives. Oxford. Wiley-Blackwell.

Davis, J. M. (1985). No Sugar. New York: ABC-CLIO Publisher.

Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1997). Culture, dissonance, and self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. London, England: Penguin

Leary, M. R. & Tangney, J. P. (2003). Handbook of self and identity. New York: Guilford Press.
Martins, M. (2006).Discrimination Law and Employment Issues. New Jersey: Thorogood Publishing.

Mathis, R. (2010). Human Resource Management. New York: Cengage Learning.

Nather, D. (2009). Discrimination: Everything You Need to Know. Health Ranger Digest, Vol. 45. New York: St. Martins Press.

Rushefsky, E.(2008). Civil Rights policy in Australia. New York: M.E. Sharpe Publisher.

Saputo, L. (2011). Work Place: Revolution or evolution. New York. Cengage Publishers.

Swain, M. (2010). Discrimination issues in the 90s. New South Wales, N.S.W. Parliamentary.
Wilson, F. (2003). Organizational Behaviour and Gender. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Abstract

This paper examines the rationale for withdrawing products with high sugar content from retail shops. Several academic and non-academic articles have been used to argue for this case. It has been identified that sugary products have critical health effects. Due to excessive sugar intake, diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular complication come up. It is thus recommended that businessmen should strive to ensure a healthy society by committing themselves to not selling sugary products.

Local Pharmacy in Bedeck

In an article that appeared on CBC News dated 12 September 2014, it was reported that a pharmacist in Beddeck, Canada, had withdrawn all sugary products off his stock (CBC News, 2014). He did this to show his commitment and determination to the fight against sugar. The pharmacist, identified as Graham McKenzie, had removed products such as pop, juice, diet pop, and vitamin water, from his inventory (CBC News, 2014). When interviewed, Graham stated that he was concerned since Canadians were taking at least ten teaspoons of sugar in these drinks, and this was not healthy for them. Graham also encouraged other pharmacists to promote such a business model. Heart and Stroke Foundation supported this stance in which it indicated that the level of sugar currently being taken ought to be cut. The article reveals that 20% of the calories consumed by Canadian nationals come from sugar (CBC News, 2014). Based on the context of the CBC News post, this paper argues that the sale of sugary products in the marketplace should be cut.

As the Heart and Stroke Foundation states, consuming excess sugar is dangerous to a persons health (CBC News, 2014). This claim has been confirmed by the findings of a set of research studies in which it has been revealed that consuming too much sugar can potentially lead to coronary heart disease. Indeed, a single molecule of an element called Glucose Metabolite Phosphate, which is commonly found in sugars, it can lead to abnormal or weakened functionality of the heart. As more sugar is consumed, regardless of the source, the GGP molecules accumulate. As a result, the heart becomes stressed such that it cannot perform its function appropriately. It weakens, and if the condition is left unattended, death could occur (Johnson, 2007).

Besides, excess sugar intake can result in resistance against insulin by cells. Insulin is a very essential hormone given its role in controlling the use of energy and metabolism in the human body. Sugary food substances contribute to an increasing level of glucose in the body. According to Johnson (2007), excess glucose is toxic. Therefore, in an attempt to restore the glucose level to normal, the pancreas produces insulin, which acts by removing the excess glucose from the blood stream into the peripheral body cells. However, at some point, the cells become resistant. Shils and Shike (2006) revealed that where these cells resist the effects of the hormone, type 2 diabetes starts developing, since the body will be having more insulin than needed. Excess sugar has also been associated with a set of other diseases that relate to obesity. Being obese, usually, increases the risk of developing other critical medical complications such as respiratory issues, high blood pressure, and infertility.

Therefore, the need to improve the health of Canada is urgent and should be addressed using appropriate measures. As it has been identified in the CBC News article, the basic measure is to withdraw sugary products from the shops shelves. Given such a course, people will be forced to seek other healthier alternatives to the products, thus contributing towards a healthy Canadian society.

References

CBC News (2014). Baddeck pharmacist pulls sugary drinks off shelves.CBC News. Web.

Johnson, R. J. (2007). Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease1,2,3. Am J Clin Nutr., 86(4), 899-906.

Shils, M. E., & Shike, M. (2006). Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Belmont, CA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Introduction

In his book, Salt, Sugar, and Fat, Michael Moss makes a compelling argument that the overly processed nature of the food that we eat from major corporations in the form of junk food and other such products is one of the main reasons behind the obesity epidemic within America today. Moor states The blood gets especially besieged when processed food is ingested, flooding the system with its heavy loads of salt, sugar, and fat, this he explains results in greater levels of fat product which creates the problem of obesity (Salt Sugar Fat: How The Food Giants Hooked Us, 52).

He points to data showcasing the high caloric values found in such foods which enable a person to consume more calories than they otherwise would have been able to. This he argues leads to caloric excess within the body leading towards increased storage of fat. Not only that, but Moss also delves into the excessive use of salt, sugar, and fat within such foods which he says further worsens the caloric excess. He explains that not all calories are created equally with some types of calories actually promoting the creation of fat. Salt for instance, in the form of sodium in most junk food packaging, actively contributes towards increased rates of high blood pressure; however, it is used prolifically by companies in order to mask unappealing flavors and to act as a natural preservative.

In the case of sugar, the endorphins released upon its consumption can actually be considered addictive and results in the desire to consume more of it despite the fact that excessive consumption results in greater levels of fat creation. Lastly, the sheer amount of fat in modern-day junk foods suppresses the feeling that a person is full and actually induces active cravings which makes them eat more despite already have eaten sufficiently to meet their daily calorie needs.

When taking all these factors into consideration, a connection can be made wherein Moss implies that the start of Americas obesity problem began when overly processed items from corporations started making it onto the store shelves of local grocery stores.

The Age of the Junk Food Culture

Junk food in the form of chips, dips, burgers, fries, sodas, candies and ice cream have become such a part of Americas culture that the most prevalent cultural distinction for American today is that of the Junk Food culture. In nearly every town, city and state groceries, shopping malls and fast food restaurants carry some form of junk food that is rapidly consumed by a voracious public that enjoys the taste and convenience of such products. Unfortunately, this cultural distinction is actually slowly killing the American population due to resulting effects such food types have one the body. The recommended daily allowance of nutritional calories that a body should have in a single day as recommended by the American Medical Association is roughly 2,500 to 3,000 calories a day (Brown, 10).

The problem with junk food is that due to their convenience and serving size most people arent away that on average they consume more than 3,000 calories a day from the various forms of junk food they eat. An average adult male in the U.S. should consume only 65 grams of fat and 2,500 calories in a single day yet a burger and fries combo meal with a large coke available at the local McDonalds is equivalent to more than 50 grams of fat and 1500 calories within a single sitting (Datar & Nicosia, 312-337). This would not be a problem should that be the only large meal they eat throughout the day however this meal is supplemented by various chips, sodas and various other unhealthy options throughout the day which brings the total calorie count to 4,000 calories or more.

Works Cited

Brown, Julia. Americans Give In To Junkfood, Plans Aim To Find Out Why. Managed Healthcare Executive 22.6 (2012): 10. Web.

Datar, Ashlesha, and Nancy Nicosia. Junk Food In Schools And Childhood Obesity. Journal Of Policy Analysis & Management 31.2 (2012): 312-337. Web.

Salt Sugar Fat: How The Food Giants Hooked Us. Publishers Weekly 260.1 (2013): 52. Web.

Sugar is bad for the human body when it results in diverse medical complications among consumers. This product is obtained from different food items, including energy snacks, processed drinks, and barley products (Meldrum et al. 835). People engaging in uncontrollable consumption may suffer severe medical consequences, which include chronic illnesses. It is vital to acknowledge that all individuals are unique in biological functionalities. There are people whose body processes ensure effectiveness in breaking down the sugar. The product is broken down into valuable nutrients, providing the cells are energized to conduct other functions. Other individuals suffer from both low and high consumption of sugar (Hardin et al. 291). Their bodies react negatively to both low and high levels of consumption, as noted by healthcare experts. Most importantly, sugar is bad for the human body since its negative consequences include long-term medical complications.

Specifically, sugar is bad for the human body as it can cause blood sugar, as evidenced in different medical contexts. For instance, obese persons suffer from the condition due to uncontrolled eating behaviors (Hardin et al. 293). Normal biological functioning of their bodies encounters significant challenges due to high blood pressure. In essence, excess sugar in the human body manifests itself along the blood vessels in the form of fat. Specifically, the arteries take oxygenated blood to vital organs such as kidneys, liver, and lungs. Individuals suffering from high sugar content are advised to engage in physical activities for healthy living. Physiological activities increase the conversion of stored fat into energy when the body exercises. However, continued consumption of sugar might result in extreme death cases (Meldrum et al. 836). Organ failure arises when vital body parts lack sufficient nutrients and energy to facilitate beneficial human actions.

Moreover, sugar is bad for ones health as it enhances the chances of excessive body weight. This discussion previously noted that the primary form of sugar is broken down into glucose as its basic form in biological processes. Excess glucose is stored in the liver in glycogen form aided by insulin. Individuals face the threat of excess body weight when sugar consumption amount exceeds the conversion rate (Meldrum et al. 838). The weight increases to severe levels, which threaten mobility as patients find to move body parts from one point to another. Patients suffering from excess body fats from sugary products also endure related illnesses such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or organ failure. Specific actions can help avoid extreme conversion impacts of unrestrained weight increase (Hardin et al. 294). Health experts consider the consumption of indigenous food products and physical exercises to prevent weight increases.

In conclusion, it is fundamental to regulate the consumption of sugar as it harms the body. Severe consequences of the product can include death due to organ failure, as evidenced by among obese patients. Individuals need to take caution when purchasing fast food products that contain high sugar content. Healthcare experts acknowledge that eating disorders can result in chronic illnesses when diagnosed. The body requires a certain level of glucose which enables cells to perform biological functions efficiently. The excess sugar is stored in the form of fat, which is facilitated by the liver. As a result, individuals can suffer from fatty liver disease, which threatens high blood pressure. In essence, this is also to mention that alcohol can be dangerous to individuals due to high sugar content. Uncontrolled consumption of alcohol may also depict similar medical outcomes as obese patients.

Works Cited

Hardin, Jessica, et al. Body Size, Body Norms and Some Unintended Consequences of Obesity Intervention in the Pacific Islands. Annals of Human Biology, vol. 45, no. 3, 2018, pp. 285-294.

Meldrum, David R., et al. Obesity Pandemic: Causes, Consequences, and SolutionsBut Do we have the Will? Fertility and Sterility, vol. 107, no. 4, 2017, pp. 833-839.

The United States economy is still baring a prolonged influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the second wave is predicted to happen soon. The unemployment rates are at their record high, and the effects of the Recession can be felt by every citizen. However, according to the Federal Reserve, it has not reached its peak yet  however, the present factors endangering the economical balance are examined well, along with their potential outcomes.

The effects are evident, albeit they have not unfolded to their full potential yet as the Recession is only expected to come. However, the interest rates have fallen by 0.37%, compared to August parameters, both in Treasury Bond and Treasury Notes (Barone). It is established fact that when a Treasure Auction is not as successful as it could be, the rates are expected to rise  so they downward trend in statistics is counter-intuitive. Retail sales are on the rise  which in turn, is subsequent to $1,200 government stimulus checks as well as $600 per week unemployment benefits (Barone). These measures grew personal income (PI) by 12% which resulted in increased spending  mostly on home goods (Barone). In addition to that, new home construction is prospering, contrary to other sectors of the economy. The savings rate also established a new mark  constituting 19% of PI (Barone). Yet, the most heavily discussed topic of the current time in economic circles is the size of the Fed sheet, which as of August 19, is at $7.01 trillion. It saw an 86% (Barone) increase since last year, when it was $3.76 trillion in August 2019.

The pricing of gold, and, subsequently, the value of the dollar is affected by the money stock, which is expected to grow by 42%, according the Fed (Barone). If the trend continues, the dollar is expected to fall significantly in relation to the economies of the rest of the world. The Fed is offering particularly pessimistic prognoses, giving two equally possible outcomes: the GDP falls, more businesses close, and deflation will rise, while the other talks about aggregate demand will be greater than inflation due to supply problems (Barone). Thus, in the near future, the economy will take such turn that the Fed will have no choice but to print more money, thereby inducing dollar value and interest rates drop.

Work Cited

Barone, Robert. The Economy Is On a Sugar High, With 28 Million Unemployed. Forbes, 2020, Web.

Introduction

Sugar is an essential component of many products that people consume. However, the concern about sugar, particularly its negative effects on human body, is growing, which leads to a wider use of sugar substitutes, or artificial sweeteners. Sugar substitutes have the same taste as sugar while having a lower energy level. The views on sugar substances vary: some researchers believe that they are safe whereas others speak of its dangerous impact on health.

The Effect of Sugar on Health

Even though sugar is a valuable source of food energy for the human body, many scientists are sure that its damage to health overweighs its advantages. Among the most widely known negative outcomes of sugar consumption is obesity. For instance, a study conducted by America on the Move has demonstrated that taking sugar out of the diet along with a moderate amount of physical activity leads to a significant decrease in BMI in obese children (Rodearmel, Wyatt, Stroebele, Smith, Ogden, & Hill, 2007). Another study has established a link between the consumption of carbohydrates, to which sugar belongs, and the emergence of cardiovascular disease (Siri-Tarino, Sun, Hu, & Krauss, 2010). In addition, sugar is proven to be the cause of dental problems such as caries (Moynihan & Petersen, 2004). What is more, a study argues that the symptoms of excessive sugar consumption strongly resemble those of addiction, including such symptoms as specific behavior and neurochemical changes. In other words, sugar can cause unhealthy dependence (Avena, Rada, & Hoebel, 2008). Sugar

Sugar Substitutes: Advantages and Disadvantages

Artificial sweeteners are considered a worthy alternative of sugar. Not only do they allow to perform weight control, but they are also safe for individuals with diabetes (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). In the USA, the manufacturing of sugar substitutes is conducted according to the standards established by the Food and Drug Administration. The FDA ensures that the production is safe for consumption. Nevertheless, some concerns exist regarding the impact of sugar substitutes on health. Firstly, sugar substitutes must be consumed according to the norm of acceptable daily intake; neglecting this rule may cause health problems such as diarrhea. Secondly, many natural sweeteners do not differ from sugar in the impact on the human body (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). Finally, studies on animals have demonstrated that sugar substitutes are the cause of brain tumors, as well as weight gain (Tandel, 2011). It should be said, though, that some researchers do not consider the evidence sufficient (Tandel, 2011). The specialists from Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research claim that moderate consumption of sugar substitutes can spare a person from health problems (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015, p. 2).

The Implications for Nutritional Trends

Due to the current popularity of weight control, fitness, and healthy lifestyle, many individuals are concerned about sugar consumption. This trend has a serious influence on the everyday food choice on an individual level: even individuals without diabetes prefer artificial sweeteners to sugar. Furthermore, the trend has affected food production: a variety of food items, such as soft drinks, yogurt, fruit juice, chewing gum, and ice cream are produced with the use of sugar substitutes (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015, p. 1). Manufacturers often care to present this fact in the advertisement to attract consumers. Since it is a mass tendency, it is highly important that future medical specialists study the impact of sugar and sugar substitutes on special courses such as Health and Medicine.

Conclusion

In recent years, substituting sugar with artificial sweeteners has become a trend. Sugar substitutes offer multiple benefits for health. While the negative impact of sugar is sufficiently examined, the disadvantages of sugar substitutes definitely need further research.

References

Avena, N.M., Rada, P., & Hoebel, B.G. (2008). Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(1), 20-39.

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015). Artificial sweeteners and other sugar substitutes. Web.

Moynihan, P., & Petersen, P.E. (2004). Diet, nutrition and the prevention of dental diseases. Public Health Nutrition, 7(1A), 201-226.

Rodearmel, S.J., Wyatt, H.R., Stroebele, N., Smith, S.M., Ogden, L.G., & Hill, J.O. (2007). Small changes in dietary sugar and physical activity as an approach to preventing excessive weight gain: The America on the Move family study. Pediatrics, 120(4), e869-e879.

Siri-Tarino, P.W., Sun, Q., Hu, F.B., & Krauss, R.M. (2010). Saturated fat, carbohydrate, and cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91(3), 502-509.

Tandel, K.R. (2011). Sugar substitutes: Health controversy over perceived benefits. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 2(4), 236-243.

Introduction

The United States has two Tariff-Rate Quotas (TRQs) that govern the importation of several types of sugar. Some of these sugar imported includes; refined sugar, sugar syrup and raw cane sugar (Fas.usda.gov). According to the TRQs provided in the chapter 17 of the legal Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) this tariffs absolutely allows all sugar importers in United States to either pay a nominal or zero duty (Fas.usda.gov).

Discussion

Raw sugar simply means sugar that is free from moisture and has only sucrose content (Fas.usda.gov ). The tariffs were developed simply to ensure that imported sugar is adequate to meet peoples demand and also be of affordable prices. The United States secretary usually established such TRQs rates precisely for raw and unrefined sugar imports in the months of August or September. This is always done on the beginning of every fiscal year in October (Fas.usda.gov ).

Additionally, the United States department of Agriculture have moved a step further and engaged in issuing certificates of Quota eligibility. Once the recipient has the certificate, raw sugar can be imported from any supplying countries at TRQ duty rates. The type of sugar imported can be either in refined form, or used as a major ingredient in a sugar product or used in production of alcohol (Fas.usda.gov ). Notable to mention is that, if the raw cane sugar producer country is one of the countries benefiting from special trade preferences, then that country is eligible to zero duty.

Impact of sugar import restrictions

One of the major importances of imported sugar restriction in the United States is that, the program fully empowers the US government to protect the income of sugarcane growers. Additionally, all firms that participate in processing other crops into sugar, are also protected from import competition. Nevertheless, this program also controls a uniform and minimum sugar prices that are entirely authorized by the 2002 farm bill. Sugar restriction also limits the amount of sugar being sold by processors domestically, especially when the product being imported is below the required amount (of about 1.532 million tons). Moreover, sugar import restriction tends to also support the domestic sugar prices by simply making the non-recourse loans easily available to sugar processors (Fas.usda.gov ).

All imported products that contain sugar and which are identified in the HTS chapter 17 are subjected to Tariffs Rate Quotas. On the other hand, Note 8 has clearly established a fair TRQ rate for any sugar product containing over 10% of dry weight sugar and which are over 64,709 metric tons (Fas.usda.gov ). Nevertheless, as (Fas.usda.gov ) stated, some of this products imported include; cocoa powder and also blended sugar syrup. Such fair tariffs automatically contribute to the availability of the product in market at affordable prices.

Other product containing sweet things that are imported and which are excluded from this TRQ tariffs include the sweetened ice tea mix. Products such as candy and chocolates are also imported under the same TRQ supported and identified in chapter 17, 18, 19 and 21 of the HTS (Fas.usda.gov ). This is why the product is always available in market and at affordable prices. USTR openly allocated 59,250 metric tons of the total sugar and sugar products being imported to the United States from Canada (Fas.usda.gov ). All this imports from Canada enter the United States duty free. The remaining imports, about 8% was to be freely imported by any supplier on first come first serve basis. Nevertheless, it is also subjected to duty free tariffs depending on the product and the country of origin (Fas.usda.gov ).

Conclusion

In summary, it is clear that the Unites States under the Agricultural department control all the forms of sugar and sugar product simply to protect their local farmers. The NAFTA agreement was also developed specifically to steer up free trade among the North American states.

Works Cited

Fas.usda.gov. U.S Sugar Program. 2008. Web.

Sugar Production, from Raw Sugar to Refined Sugar Crystals

There are eight stages of sugar production. They range from raw to refined white sugar grains.

The Stages of Sugar Production

Stage 1

Once raw sugar is received in the factory, it is weighed and transported to storage facilities.

Stage 2

Sugar is stored in large storage facilities. Afterward, it is moved to the refinery using transport belts (conveyors).

Stage 3

Sugar refinery begins in stage three. Raw sugar mixed with heavy syrup and centrifuged. Revolving machines that are known as centrifuges are used to accomplish the refining process. In this phase, the plan is to filter raw sugar particles from the syrup. The sweet liquid passes through perforated basket cylinders before it is sent to large storage tanks. The raw sugar remains in the centrifuge basket. Any residual foreign elements are removed using water. The crystals are dissolved in water to obtain clean sugar as a partially purified liquor juice. The product is refined further to ensure the production of high-quality sugar particles. This objective is achieved by mixing the partially filtered juice with lime.

Stage 4

The muddle is then refined further using a number of pressure filters. This process ensures the removal of any foreign residual materials. Color is removed completely by filtering the liquor twice. The resulting decolorized solution is called a thin sugar juice.

Stage 5

The thin sugar juice undergoes different processes to separate the sugar from the solution. Water is first removed by evaporation to obtain a thick sugar juice that comprises 74% solid matter.

Stage 6

The subsequent stage after evaporation is crystallization. During this phase, the thick sugar juice obtained after evaporation is put in large vacuum pans. It is then heated using steam to form sugar crystals.

Stage 7

After crystallization, the sugar particles are detached from the syrup using centrifuge equipment. This process leads to the production of molasses and pure sugar particles. The molasses are crystallized again to obtain any remaining traces of sugar.

Stage 8

The white sugar crystals from the centrifuges are dried to remove any remaining moisture. The moisture content of the crystals is estimated to be 1%. The process entails dehydrating the white sugar crystals using a spinning drying device that takes in two phases. Drying is further done when conveying the sugar in silos or packing areas.

Final Product

The item for consumption is realized in either coarse or fine particles. The fine grain sizes make 95% of the produced sugar.

Types of Maintenance Efforts in United Sugar

Planned Maintenance

Planned maintenance comprises subgroups such as preventive measures, instrument calibration, shutdown management, condition monitoring, and project modification. The primary aim of this program is to prevent work stoppage due to unscheduled breakdown and downtime. By adopting planned maintenance, USCE enjoys benefits such as even distribution of costs and easy planning.

Preventive Maintenance Programs

The major aim of preventive maintenance programs is to prevent or mitigate the consequences of failures. It entails care and servicing of equipment to maintain them in proper operating conditions. It is done by personnel who inspect, detect, and correct failures prior to their occurrence or at their initial stage before they develop. This kind of maintenance also entails activities such as analysis, repair, and fine-tuning of production machines to reduce the probability of botched operations in the firm.

Types of Material Handling Equipment Used in USCE

Material handling equipment in USCE comprises Boilers, centrifuges, chillers, compound and reclaim extrusion, dryers, evaporators, filters, refiners, slitters, tanks, and transporter belts. The following section presents a brief description of the types of material handling equipment used in USCE.

Sugar evaporators

The heaters remove water from the sugar juice solution. The liquid mixture is heated using steam at about 80^oC. Large vacuum pans are used to heat the sugar juice. The use of vacuum vessels and low temperatures reduce the coloration of sugar particles. After evaporation, the remaining solution contains 74% solid matter.

Sugar crystallizers

Sugar crystallizers are used for cooling crystals of sugar juice after evaporation.. Large vacuum pans are used to heat the sugar juice. The use of vacuum vessels and low temperatures reduce the coloration of sugar particles.

Centrifuges

Centrifuges are used to remove solid matter from sugar juice. These are perforated cylindrical baskets machines driven by an electric motor. The centrifugal force applied to the solution helps to separate the solid from the molasses.

Dryers

Dryers are used to remove the moisture from sugar crystals derived from the crystallization. They are used in the last stages of production and help in maintaining whiteness and crystal size. Drying is done in a hot rotary. Next, cool air is blown through a centrifugal fan in conditioning silos.

Filters

Filters are used at different stages of sugar production. They are used to remove impurities from the sugar to obtain a good color of sugar.

Belt and Screw Conveyors

Belt and screw conveyors are used for transporting sugar from storage areas to refinery machines.

How the USCE maintains the Quality of its Products.

Quality maintenance is maintained through certifications from relevant quality bodies such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Product checks are also ensured in various production points. Its product is verified in terms of the required standards for color and crystal size.

Certification from Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSAS)

OHSAS  18001:2007

The Occupational Health And Safety Management Systems (OHSAS) is an international British standard requirement for work-related fitness and protection. Its chief objective is to assist organizations to establish proper health and safety performance. To ensure sound health and safety performances, USCE has collaborated with the Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS). As a result, the organization has seen improved overall performance, minimization of potential accidents, compliance with legal institutions, and the establishment of proper control of health and safety risks.

Certification from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO 9001:2008

To ensure consistently high-quality products and services, USCE uses ISO 9001:2008 certification to management system standards. Production standards are guided by various quality management philosophies such as consumer concentration, sustainable development, apt leadership, and process strategies among others.

ISO 22000:2005

This ISO emphasizes the safety of food to alleviate instances such as contamination. By obtaining the ISO 22000:2005 certification, USCE ensures global standards for food management systems. As a result, it increases the effectiveness of its food management system.

Production Quality Maintenance Techniques

Automatic online analyzers

Automated online analyzers are machines designed to perform various tasks in the production process with minimal human assistance. The machines perform such tasks under the supervision of expert personnel. They assist in minimizing errors, staffing concerns, timesaving, and ensuring high safety standards.

Introduction

Nowadays, sugar is one of the most commonly used dietary substances that is primarily known for its sweetening properties. Nevertheless, the role and meaning of sugar were by far more versatile in the past than they are today. It was a luxury and was not so widely accessible to everyone until after industrialization (Pilcher 2008). Moreover, some types of sugar were regarded as essential medical remedies. The medicinal status of sucrose was promoted in medieval Arab pharmacology and, particularly, humoral medicine. The knowledge of pharmacological qualities of sugar reached Europe as well and, for several centuries, it was consumed there as part of various mixtures. However, the functions of sugar as a food and a drug did not match well in the European theological consciousness of the Middle Ages. Some theologians were against the use of syrups considering that sugar in any form breaks the fast. Others also did not trust the foreign civilization that promoted their use. These problems will be discussed in the present paper along with the historical examples of utilizing the substance as medicine in different regions.

Medical Uses of Sugar in Arab Pharmacology

Ibn al-Baytar and Ibn al-Nafis, a leading pharmacologist and prominent doctor of the Islamic world, composed extensive manuscripts describing the uses of sugar for medical purposes. Ibn al-Baytar created The Comprehensive Book of Simple Drugs where he carefully and thoroughly recorded the effects of sugar on health that previous pharmacologists and health practitioners mentioned in their work (Sato 92-94). Additionally, as part of his multi-volume medical encyclopedia, Ibn al-Nafis created a book called The Principles of Sugar that provides an extensive overview of different kinds and properties of the substance (Sato 97). Based on the descriptions of sugar qualities as hot and gentle in these two manuscripts, it is evident that the substance was utilized mostly as part of humoral medicine (Sato 100-101). This type of medicine originates from ancient Greece and suggests that health problems occur as a result of imbalances in bodily fluids.

Consistently with humoral medicine, the consumption of products with different properties affects the liquid balance and has either negative or positive effects on health. For instance, Arabic practitioners stated that the gentle qualities of sugar allow improving digestion, and sugar crystals accumulating on sugarcane help remove eye infections (Sato 101-102). They also claimed that consumption of old sugar allows cleansing the phlegm yet may cause blood impurity (Sato 102). Overall, this evidence indicates that sugar was extensively explored in Arabic pharmacology and applied for highly versatile purposes.

Medical Status of Sucrose in Europe

The knowledge of medicinal qualities of sugar entered Europe with the translations of classical texts either from Greek or Islamic texts. According to Mintz, there may be doubts that ancient Greeks knew a lot about sugar as medicine, yet there is no question that the translators of works on humoral medicine, who introduced it to Europe, were familiar with it (96). Those translators incorporated the knowledge of sugar into the ancient Greek medical and pharmacological systems. Moreover, when translations of Arabic texts appeared, European practitioners started to regard Arabic science and medicine as authoritative sources (Mintz 98). Since sugar was praised for its medical quality in the Islamic world, European doctors also commenced prescribing and using it more actively.

According to Mintz, it is known that sucrose in 12th-century Europe was used for fever, cough, various stomach diseases, pectoral problems, and so forth (99). In the 13th century, sugar was frequently added to mixtures and tonics in England (Mintz 99). Doctors from other European countries, including Spain and France, often added sugar as one of the key ingredients to their recipes as well. Noteworthily, their remedies also comprised a plethora of other foods, starting from almond milk and ending with chicken breasts (Mintz 99). Thus, it is valid to note that the final products of their medical recommendations more resembled foods than mixtures in their traditional understanding.

Since sugar was frequently utilized alongside other dietary products, some people validly questioned its medicinal qualities. For theologians, this issue obtained particular importance since they were expected to fast and avoid foods, such as alcohol and meat, that are associated with indulgence, intoxication, and impurity and may arouse senses. Clearly, sugar, as a spice, is controversial in this regard. In the past, when the knowledge of sugar was incomplete and primarily based on presumptions rather than facts, the controversy was even stronger. Some theologians and medical practitioners also tended to question the quality of Arabic sources from where the knowledge of sugar as medicine entered Europe (Mintz 102). Nevertheless, among all other drug foods that Europe started to import from tropical regions several centuries ago, including chocolate, tea, and tobacco, only sugar escaped religious proscription (Mintz 99-100). This indicates not only that the effects of sucrose are less pronounced than of other abovementioned substances but also that sugar became an indispensable ingredient in the nutrition of different social groups.

Conclusion

The historical overview demonstrates that medical practitioners, especially the Arabic ones, valued sugar for its favorable impacts on health and dedicated substantial chapters in their manuscripts to the description of types, properties, and potential effects of sucrose. While European practitioners adopted many of the Arabic medical practices and commenced adding sugar to their prescriptions, it is possible to say that its use as a medicine was relatively less popular there than in the Islamic world. One of the reasons is that sugar was accessible merely to the richest strata. Secondly, Europeans grew more aware of the disadvantages of sugar more rapidly and undertook a more critical approach to its consumption mainly because of mistrust of the culture that promoted its use and due to the discussed theological resistance to sucrose.

Works Cited

Mintz, Sidney W. Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History. Penguin Books, 1986.

Pilcher, Jeffrey M. Food in World History. Routledge, 2008.

Sato, Tsugitaka. Sugar in the Social Life of Medieval Islam. BRILL, 2014.