Jonathan Swift, in his works, often touches on issues that are considered relevant to this day. The same applies to the work “A Modest Proposal,” in which he addresses the problems of hunger, overpopulation, inequality based on racism, and social issues. Thus, Swift was able to reveal the difficulties mentioned earlier and also to predict the society of the future. This paper will focus on analyzing the issues raised by Jonathan Swift, as well as providing a semi-satirical analysis of the work itself and its outcome, complementing the author’s views and raising the issues to a new level.
Discussion
We must begin with the title of the pamphlet, which reads “A Modest Proposal: For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public. It certainly more than makes complete sense of Swift’s essay. The situation of the mother and her six children reveals the overpopulation of society and how people suffer from such a development (Swift, 2019). Swift demonstrates how rotten culture is with its problems and that they need to be addressed even in a radical way. The author proposes to solve the two issues in one move, namely, to sell the children of the poor to wealthy Englishmen who are suffering from hunger (Swift, 2019). Obviously, the problem of hungry people is embellished for a satirical effect, but it is in the spirit of Swift and his mockery of society.
My solution to the problem assumes a slightly different vector. It consists in waging periodic wars between the states every five years. Only children between the ages of 6 and 16, criminals and mentally unstable people, and the elderly aged 70 and over can take part in these wars. [U1] First, it will solve the problem of overpopulation and also allow the spread of eugenics ideology, thereby elevating people over others and raising their self-esteem. Secondly, such a solution will also make it possible to grow medicine to an essentially new level and develop technologies based on improved warfare. Thirdly, with the implementation of this solution in life, people will not need to have discussions about the disputability of certain territories bordering each other. Fourthly, this idea will help to reduce crime, as it is one of the aspects that will be solved in the future when going to war. Fifthly, it will also solve the problem of bad habits, bringing back to fashion the right way of life for healthy offspring. The sixth reason is that society has upgraded as it will not think about the care of ill people anymore. All of them will be fighting for their country, making their families proud of the heroes.
The main argument before the opposition will be that it will raise the question of eugenics to a new level, give impetus to the development of contemporary society, and provide for the further development of the youth movement. At first glance, it may seem that this solution is bloody and anti-humanistic, but if one looks at the current society, it is no less evil than the supposed one.
My idea was inspired by Stephanie Meyers’ book The Hunger Games, which raised similar questions. However, its methods were obviously wrong because class society had too much power and demonstrated this through its habits. In this solution, such a scenario is not envisioned, as society will not change that much and there will be no need to look after children and sick people.
Conclusion
As a result, Jonathan Swift, in his work, was able to raise a number of problems and ridicule them, thus showing their unseriousness in the world of literature. However, the problems exist, and one cannot deny their impact on society today. Although the solution proposed in this paper is no less satirical, it cannot be regarded as a full-fledged solution. Thus, humanity must look for new methods of resolution, not related to humor and satire, but to be more serious and productive.
Reference
Swift, J. (2019). Modest Proposal. (3rd ed.). Blurb.
Society is not just a number of people who live and work in one country. Society is a special type of relationships which occurs between people who live and work in one area. The main part in the notion of society is communication. Everything which happens with people and has the impact on people in the country is social. Events of the universal importance are also social as the world consists from small societies.
We are not going to dwell upon society in particular, but we are going to represent the reader with event which has a social meaning, the event which had stressed and rocked the whole world society. Swine flu, a virus which came from Mexico and killed lots of people, became the universal problem as soon as it had leaved the boarders on Mexico.
“A woman died over the weekend of swine flu, becoming the city’s second victim and the nation’s 11th” – these are the starting words in the article “NYC Woman in 50s becomes US’ 11th Swine Flu Death” published in The New York Times by The Associated Press. The article gives the information about the condition in the society and provides us with the statistics about the disease cases in the United States and all over the world.
The Associated Press announces that there are 280 confirmed cases of swine flue in New York, and more than 12,000 cases of swine flue all over the world, according to in information received from the World Health Organization (The Associated Press 2009). There are cases of swine flue in prisons, where “inmates’ visiting hours have been limited and hand sanitizer passed around” (The Associated Press 2009). The virus is going to spread and people will have to cope with increased cases of illness.
The panic which first appeared in the society is not felt so sharp now, when about a month has passed from the time when AH1N1 Virus came in the country. But one month ago people were frightened, they could not understand what was going on and what disease killed people. Government played the leading role in the situations like that, and US government did all correct. The first steps which were provided, that is to calm down the panic.
People we told what they should do in the cases if they felt this or that symptom. The policy of the government was to give people understanding that the health care system knew what they had to do and how to cope with the problem which had appeared. The problem is under control now thanks to correct and in time reaction of the government.
The problem could raise an international conflict or at least more serious consequences, but again the quick reaction of the World Health Organization and governments of different countries allowed centralizing the problem and to lower the scale of consequences which could have been. The financial problem is also the topic for discussion dealing with this problem. The quick reaction of health systems created an opportunity to find out what virus was the cause of diseases and that detection allowed to start work under the vaccine, which will help to save lives of lots of people. The existence of vaccine will allow people and government to save money, as there will not be necessary to try lots of medicine with hope that this one will help.
So, the epidemic of any disease is the consideration of the whole society and especially of the government that controls this society. Good health system is a pledge of good condition in society. The life level of every country depends on the society’s happiness, and health person is happy person.
Works Cited
The Associated Press. “NYC Woman in 50s Becomes US’ 11th Swine Flu Death” The New York Times. 2009.
The existing literature suggests that aging is a social problem that has cropped up in the North American society. In the twentieth century, an average adult life span was approximated at forty-seven years. Studies also confirm that only three million were approximated to be alive over the age of sixty. In the modern society, characterized by improved healthcare and developments in the field of medicine, individuals are expected to live beyond the age of seventy-five (Schulkin 17). In fact, the population that is over seventy years is stronger than expected. In the 1900s, diseases such as cancer, tuberculosis, pneumonia and gastrointestinal diseases took away the lives of many. Such diseases are now under control but the new diseases affecting the elderly are cancer and heart diseases (Rowe 67). In the North American society, individuals attaining the age of sixty-five are expected to retire to pave way for the new generation to manage the economy. However, the elderly are faced with a number of problems, given their weakening muscles and capabilities to perform important roles in society (Palmore 12).
The aging initiative project would aim at advocating for the rights and needs of the elderly. The project would incorporate the activities of established organizations in order to achieve its aims and objectives. In North America, a number of elderly citizens suffer from discrimination, some suffering from the problem of homeless (Paccaud 311). The issue of aging affects people of all races, including Africans, Whites, Asians and Latinos. Due to their poor status, the elderly would probably suffer from diseases such as mental problems and heart attacks. The elderly encounter a number of problems, including neglect, discrimination, abuse and misuse (Netting 16).
Community Needs
The aging initiative project has various advantages as it promotes cohesion in the community, maximizes the utilization of human and financial resources and expands community services. The aging initiative is an example of an intergenerational program, which is known for bringing together different factions and networks (Maddox 31). As a result, this would assist in dispelling erroneous typecast. When the youths are encouraged to engage in an aging initiative, it would help in creating cohesive group distinctiveness. The younger generation, as well as the old generation is brought together through such an initiative. Both groups are incorporated in the society (Mezey 17). Regarding maximization of human and financial resources, aging initiative project seems to multiply human resources because both the younger and older generations are engaged actively in community work as volunteers (Matthews 28). Furthermore, societal members are likely to contribute their donations after realizing that the old and the young are involved in project. The little funds can be utilized to reach more people given that it would be more economical when the services are offered collectively. Apart from saving resources, intergenerational projects are known to promote cultural exchange because the young members would be able to learn from the old (Martin 36).
Studies prove that the youth and the children can easily interact resulting to enhancement of communication skills, promotion of self-esteem, development of strong problem-solving techniques and improved friend ship skills (Mariano 43). Youths engaging in intergenerational projects are less likely to engage in drug abuse and substance abuse. For the elderly, the project would enhance socialization meaning that the elderly would remain industrious, useful and constant contributors in the society. The old would have a chance to interact with other members of society such as the children, which would help them prevent isolation in subsequent years (Larson 51). Furthermore, the old would be taught on how to use the new technology to benefit themselves. As regards to support, aging project would enhance emotional support because the older members would be involved in meaningful activities. This would probably decrease solitude, monotony and melancholy while increasing self-worth and self-efficacy (Ebersole 29). Studies show that engaging the old in active activities improves their lives, invigorates their sense of purpose and augments their coping dexterities, which would help them in their individual struggles (Johnson 65). Finally, the project is projected to improve the health of the old in society. The project is therefore expected to contribute to the safeguarding of high-quality health and diminishing the consequence of psychosomatic and physical diseases and disorders (Fulmer 61).
Social Impact of the Project
Through the project, the volunteers would raise awareness and sharpen the skills of the villagers as regards to aging. The organizers would have a chance to hold talks with all stakeholders in order to ensure that the elderly are given the necessary support. This would improve their health and strengthen their beliefs as regards to the young generations (Drench 118). The project would sensitive the community on the rights and freedoms of the old. The old would no longer be discriminated upon and their culture will always be respected (Butler 8). Apart from raising the standards of the poor, the project would improve the performance of the economy, especially the performance of charitable organizations. A section of society believes that it is the role of the state to provide critical services to the minority in society (Bortz 283). The project would change such perceptions given that the services would be offered by a non-governmental organization. The project would prove to the community that even without the help of the government, the community could manage to handle petty issues, including settling the elderly (Annon 49). Most old individuals have been reported to spend their nights in the cold while others sleep in their vehicles because they cannot afford to pay the house bills (Wellington 14). The project would help solve this problem because it would come up with some policies targeting such individuals. In other words, the project would have a number of impacts to all members of society.
Potential Partners
A number of organizations are expected to help in implementing the provisions of the project. Expected partners are listed below.
The International Longevity Center-USA is a not-for profit, independent research, education, and policy association whose job is to assist persons and communities tackle longevity and population aging.
The Schmieding Center for Senior Health and Education
Works Cited
Annon, James. “The PLISSIT Model: A Proposed conceptual Scheme for Behavioral Treatment of Sexual Problems”. Journal of Sex Education Therapy 3.2 (1976): 47-62. Print.
Bortz, Martin. “A conceptual framework of frailty: a review”. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 57.5 (2002): 283-288.
Butler, Russels. Why Survive? Being Old in America, New York: Harper and Row, 1975.
Drench, Erick. “Sexuality and Sexual Capacities of Elderly People”. Rehabilitation Nursing 21.3 (1996): 118-123. Print.
Ebersole, Peter. Toward Healthy Aging: Human Needs and Nursing Response, St. Louis: Mosby, 1998. Print.
Johnson, Bernard. “Older Adults’ Suggestions for Healthcare Providers Regarding Discussions of Sex”. Geriatric Nursing 18.3 (1997): 65-66. Print.
Larson, Daniel. Spirituality and Healing Conference. Harvard Medical School and The Mind, Body Medical Institute Care Group, Boston: Beth Israel Medical Center, 1998. Print.
Maddox, Gabriel. The Encyclopedia of Aging, New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2001. Print.
Martin, Albert. Clinical Neurology of Aging, New York: Cengage. Print.
Matthews, Dennis. Spirituality and Healing Conference. Harvard Medical School and The Mind, Body Medical Institute Care Group. Boston: Beth Israel Medical Center, 1998. Print.
Mezey, Melissa. The Encyclopedia of Elder Care, New York: Springer, 2001. Print.
Netting, Fredrick. Faith-based Initiatives and Aging Services, New York: Routledge, 2004. Print.
Paccaud, Frank. Rejuvenating Health Systems for Ageing Communities. Aging Clin.Exp.Res 14.6 (2002): 314-318. Print.
Palmore, Beatrice. The Facts on Aging Quiz, New York: Springer, 2001. Print.
Rowe, Winnie. Successful Aging, New York: Pantheon Books, 1998. Print.
Schulkin, Jay. Medical Decisions, Estrogen and Aging, New York: Routledge, 2007. Print.
Wellington, Albert. “Health Insurance Coverage and Entrepreneurship”. Journal of Contemporary Economic Policy 19.4 (2001): 14-21. Print.
Nowadays, the nursing field faces numerous problems, including struggles with anxiety, workload, and issues related to understaffing. While certain issues are straightforward in the nursing field, some situations are frequently intricate. Decision-making in nursing practice is a complicated system that can be characterized as a sequence of considerations or judgments that include gathering subjective and objective facts about the case and evaluating the details. When it comes to the difficulties nurses meet in their professional environments, such as lack of commitment and productivity, and disrespectful communication, these situations might need to involve problem-solving methods such as optimizing and group decision-making.
First, it is necessary to perceive the nursing environment as a vital element of healthcare that only while being cohesive, can be the most beneficial. Among the primary responsibilities of nurses are to provide high-quality patient care, along with other tasks that involve constant training, assistance, and interventions (Ahmady & Shahbazi, 2020). Without unity of the team and strong management, the quality of patient care decreases, which leads to further problems necessitating constant decision-making and problem-solving (Yoder-Wise, 2013). Consequently, decision-making entails gaining skills and knowledge to arrive at a solution.
In the case of Vickie Lemmon, director of Clinical Strategies and Operations, the team of healthcare professionals met issues. According to Vickie, the main problems were poor communication in the group, understaffing and work overload, which resulted in stress and low-quality patient care. In this case, if I were the nurse, I would address each problem separately and involve the opinions of the team and administration. While my main goal would be to maintain compliance with state-mandated standards, obtaining more details about each issue would be vital.
When it comes to the issues that pertain to workload and staffing, the decision-making should also be delegated to the head of the department or facility. Among the decision-making methods that might be useful is optimizing. Optimizing is a decision-making approach in which the responsible party chooses the best alternative after weighing the benefits and drawbacks of each choice (Welch, 2016). Considering that the team is not satisfied with the workload and staffing, it must be decided to create incentives for the staff. For example, either hire more healthcare professionals to delegate the responsibilities or provide more rewards for the existing team. When weighing the decision, an optimizing approach will indicate that among the benefits are lower anxiety levels of the staff, increased productivity, and better documentation. Meanwhile, the drawbacks are additional expenditures, decreasing quality of patient care, and satisfaction of employees, which all results in higher staff turnover.
Another decision-making method is group decision-making, which allows the team to communicate their troubles and dissatisfying factors. According to Vickie, it was a complicated task for her as an administrator to resolve the problems presented by the team. Considering the fact that this was the new workplace for Vickie, if I were this nurse, it would be reasonable to discuss each problem and the roots of frustration with the staff. This decision-making model could allow me to engage employees in the process and will enable them to provide the possible decisions that could make their work easier and more productive (Welch, 2016). Furthermore, this could make the team more united by encouraging communication (Lahana et al., 2019). Thus, a non-threatening environment would promote engagement in the process and open communication.
Hence, the healthcare field is a complex system that has numerous issues. The nursing environment is often connected with more intricate problems, such as frustration with the workload, staffing, and poor communication. These factors result in low-quality patient care and anxiety among healthcare workers. As a result, in such situations, it is vital to incorporate various decision-making approaches, such as optimizing and group decision-making. In the first case, before making a decision, a healthcare professional will weigh the benefits and drawbacks of the option. The latter will allow the team to thrive in a non-threatening environment that promotes open communication. This will decrease high staff turnover and dissatisfaction among the patients.
References
Ahmady, S., & Shahbazi, S. (2020). Impact of social problem-solving training on critical thinking and decision making of nursing students. BMC Nursing, 19(1), 1-8.
Lahana, E., Tsaras, K., Kalaitzidou, A., Galanis, P., Kaitelidou, D., & Sarafis, P. (2019). Conflicts management in public sector nursing. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 12(1), 33-39.
Yoder-Wise, P. S. (2013). Leading and managing in nursing. Mosby.
Welch, R. A. (2016). Making decisions and solving problems. Nurse Key. Web.
The importance of education is viewed from various points of view by various individuals, groups of people, and associations or organizations. Education is viewed as and is a way of empowering people by enabling them to gain the necessary skills for handling various challenges in life. The impacts of leadership without education usually have repercussions which are evident in the wrong leaderships. Some of the multi-national organizations have been active in ensuring that education is available to all people.
Education is one of the key aspects of the social, economic, and cultural development of a community as well as for a country as a whole as is evident in some Asian countries. In ensuring that education is rewarding, a proper infrastructure must be put in place.
Since the 1960s, there have been positive improvements in education enrolment in most countries. This has been attributed to the multinational organizations’ efforts and has led to the establishment of more educational institutions in different countries. Despite the rapid development in education in the past years, the GDP of various countries has not improved in the same proportion.
This has led to the undertaking of numerous researches to find out the relationship between education improvement and GDP improvement. The researches have shown that the improvement of the GDP of a country is dependent on the initial education although for a short time basis. Human capital is not directly related to growth as is evident that the returns to any job offered are mainly determined by the experience. This thus means that there must be good infrastructure and strategies for education to yield improved GDP in a country.
Due to the inability of physical and human capital to explain clearly the difference in growth in different countries, some researchers have undertaken researches and come up with models that try to explain the role they play in GDP growth. One of the models used is the Solow model by Mankiw. He illustrated the strong relationship between income and education level specifically secondary education.
The model shows that the accumulation of human and physical capital explains the differences in growth which is evident in some Asian countries. On the other hand, some of the arguments raised by the model were found to be invalid. It was found that the development of various countries was different despite them accumulating both education and physical capital. In any investment, the investor usually invests where there is a knowledgeable labor force to easily achieve the set goals.
The model uses secondary enrolment as a measure of education accumulation in the growth of a country but when different education levels are used, the results are not consistent. The skilled and unskilled wages are found to be different in different countries with working in well-developed countries being more rewarding. Education is very essential for growth if proper infrastructure and motivation are availed to the stakeholders. There should be a good policy with the government providing good incentives.
Conclusion
There has been a failure in education accumulation not producing the expected growth in many countries in the past years. The most probable reason is due to lack of proper infrastructure and incentives. There should be a balance between the skilled labor available and the physical resources available for them to make better use of their knowledge. Due to this failure, a different approach to achieving the anticipated growth ought to be adopted.
Cash for Condoms!
Population increase has posed one of the greatest challenges in the growth and development of many countries. To overcome overpopulation various methods such as the use of contraceptives for instance condoms have been improvised to regulate population growth. Fast population growth is evident in most of the developing countries. In previous years some researchers viewed the rapidly increasing population to be due availability of food. Between 1960 and 1990s there was improved food production. Various measures have been undertaken to ensure that the population decreases in number.
Despite the reduction in death rates, population growth has been reduced by the reduction in the birth rate. The increased population growth is a result of neglect on the issue of birth control in the previous years. The high rate of population growth leads to the rise of social, political, and economic problems. Challenges that are observed to stem from overpopulation include deforestation, water security, and famine. The combined international effort to reduce population growth is essential in ensuring that all the people access basic needs. The use of condoms has been observed to be the most efficient way available to control population growth.
There have been cases of children who are born but not planned for. This is mainly due to the lack of using contraceptives such as condoms. There are arguments that the prices of condoms are high and thus they are not used by some people.
The results are usually children whose cost is far much higher than that of a condom. The birth rate in various countries is usually different. The growth of the GDP of the country is found to have no interference from the population increase. Government policies can be altered to show a small relationship between GDP and population growth. The relationship between the GDP and population growth is mainly not observed because the two have been observed to increase or decline together.
Parents usually give birth to more children without taking into account the negative and positive effects they may have on society. It has been argued that a higher population may result in technological innovation, cost-sharing, and the birth of brighter minds. The population growth has been increasing over the years and has always shown positive results. The issue of population growth is best dealt with when each country is considered on its own.
In developed countries, parents usually have fewer children than in poor countries and usually, give good incentives to the development of their children. This is a better method of controlling population growth. Technological advancements have been of great help in the development of different countries.
Conclusion
The population growth rate has increased in the past years posing various challenges to regional development. This has led to the intervention of various organizations. The increase in population growth rate has been shown to have positive attributes. Most organizations have proposed the use of condoms as the best way to reducing the population growth rate. In various researches undertaken, it has been observed that development is also a very important tool in reducing the population growth rate.
The Loans That Were, the Growth That Wasn’t
Most countries have gotten into debt by borrowing funds to finance national projects. In the 1980s, there were financial crises that hit most countries all over the world. The World Bank projection on development from the funding it offered was not achieved in the early 1980s. To ensure that development was evident, the bank decided to lend some funds to the developing nations on condition that they had to aggressively engage in policy reforms.
The World Bank made some publications concerning the issue of adjustment of policies to achieve growth. The Bank lends to various countries around the world with some showing positive results from the initial stages while others took years to register developments.
The lenders and the infrastructure laid were some of the key aspects of the growth in some countries where there were no adjustments. Inflation has been persistent in many developing countries despite the funding. This was evident in Russia from 1992 to 1995 and Zambia from 1980 to 1994. In the case of Russia, many institutions such as the World Bank and Russian central bank joined hands to bring inflation to an end. Even in transition, there are so many challenges despite the funding that is awarded thus there is the necessity of obtaining the right advice.
There are some aspects which have been pointed out to affect negatively the development of a country. For example, the presence of black markets in some countries has been claimed retard the rate of development. There is a need for a strong development of policies that will make it possible for the efforts channeled towards development to succeed. Examples of countries suffering from a lack of good development policies include Kenya, Ivory Coast, and Pakistan among others.
It is advisable that when money is being lent, consideration ought to be taken on the real interest rate with countries having severely negative interest rates receiving more aid than those with positive interest rates. In the case of corruption, the funds usually do not assist the country as intended. In the 1980s and 1990s, most of the corrupt countries obtained funds from the World Bank. It is observed that the financial assistance provided is usually determined by the donor’s interest rather than the policies in place.
The type of government in place is very crucial as it determines the development growth rate of a country. The funding body may require some changes in the policies before releasing funds. In such cases, some governments usually undertake the necessary reforms while others undergo minor reforms as a cover-up. Despite the cover-ups, these funding bodies usually do not have a good mechanism for intervention. In reducing the deficit of a country in the future, there are many activities that a government can undertake. These usually avoid cascading the current problems in the future.
There are cases where there has been continued funding even when the funds given out are not put into proper use. This has happened when cutting off the funds would adversely affect the citizens of a country.
Conclusion
There are many challenges faced by many countries as they try to achieve their development objectives. Some institutions such as the World Bank and the international monetary fund have been offering funds to these countries. Some of the countries have not shown any appreciable progress in development while some have at least made some progress. Despite these challenges, the World Bank has always been dedicated to ensuring that there is economic growth in these countries by continuously funding national projects in these countries.
Forgive Us Our Debts
Some countries have received too many financial aids from the World Bank. In some cases, the authorities in the recipient countries have misused the funds through corruption deals and misappropriation. When such donated funds are misappropriated then it becomes increasingly challenging for the recipient country to generate some profits which can in turn be used to pay back the loans.
Due to the challenges imposed by these loans, the countries usually encounter challenges despite having good policies. In response to these, the World Bank usually provides debt forgiveness to highly indebted countries as a means of enabling them to develop. A meeting with the G-7 members had approved the writing off of these debts for poor countries as well as increasing their funding. There has been a campaign known as the jubilee campaign that is responsible for pressing on for the implementation of the idea.
The idea of debt forgiveness for poor countries dates back to the late 1970s. Some countries were provided with debt relief. These countries were mainly from Africa and were facing challenges in the repayment of their debts. Towards the end of the 1980s, the G-7 looked into the possible ways of relieving these countries from heavy debts that had already accumulated. The ways suggested included forgiveness and lowering of interest rates among others.
Meeting held thereafter until the year 2000 addressed the same issue with positive progress being achieved. Due to poor governance, these countries that have been relieved of their debts may find themselves again in bigger debts. In acquiring these funds, the administration has been found to use them for various unintended purposes thus creating uncertainty for the future of such countries. The low-income highly indebted countries are selling most of the assets compared to other countries thus posing a challenge for future development.
The highly indebted countries usually have debts in their budgets. The countries are found to implement policies which in the long run do not provide economic growth. In the making of the policies, they should take into account all the long term objectives and the challenges that can be encountered to be in a position to withstand the possible forces that may arise. One of the factors for the heavy debt of these countries is war.
Investors usually invest in projects that are usually rewarding and takes into account the various factors that may affect his investment. Thus there must be proper infrastructure to attract more investors. The heavily indebted countries are found to receive more funding from the World Bank than other poor countries. In the financing of the countries, the donor bodies have been found to fund some governments despite them being irresponsible in undertaking their duties. This method of financing has been referred to as the filling gap.
Conclusion
The forgiving of debts belonging to the poor and the heavily indebted countries is good as it is aimed at assisting such countries to avoid extreme suffering. In debt forgiveness, it should be ensured that the country’s management is responsible so that it can ensure that the country develops. Intensive analysis of the steps undertaken by the country should be analyzed. This helps to make precise decisions on whether the country has qualified for debt forgiveness or not. The donor should ensure that once the debt forgiveness is awarded to the countries, it does not recur. This would reduce the tendency of the country to take more lending to be forgiven in the future. Thus, the countries must establish proper development infrastructure.
Tales of Increasing Returns: Leaks, Matches, and Traps
The incentives and increasing returns in the undertaking of various activities in a country are very useful for growth. Technology properly integrated with skilled labor usually lays the platform for development. The saving carried out by people usually provides them with a chance for improvement in the future. This is mainly because in the future they would be receiving interests on whatever is saved today and thus they would not have to depend on their income.
To ensure that growth is evident, there should be a good balance in technology and labor. Technology is found to leak but is usually of benefit when it is availed to highly skilled people. This is evident in the growth of the Bangladesh textile industry. Apart from undertaking various investment projects, it is usually good to invest in knowledge. This helps one to tackle various challenges that may arise in the best way possible. The knowledge could be obtained from various stakeholders in the field. Critical analysis of the available channels makes it possible for a person to attain knowledge of any idea. One of the aspects that makes knowledge leak is because it can be used by many people simultaneously.
Knowledge investment usually has very good returns. New ideas are more rewarding than current ideas. The more the capital the higher the returns it has. This is evident even in a society where the presence of productive ideas usually results in improved welfare of the society members involved. Due to the high returns on capital, most people usually work and operate where there is more profit.
The leaking of knowledge is usually good as it ensures that the economic growth and development among different people is uniform. The flow of knowledge between people is found to be facilitated by knowledge investment and leaking. This usually avails the knowledge to numerous people and hence continuous improvements. Despite the success, there are also challenges in that there must be a minimum return on capital that should be attained for investment to be undertaken. This is one of the challenges facing poor countries. In achieving overall success, each stakeholder must undertake his/her duties properly.
This is because the failure of one may cause the total collapse of the entire project. The return of human capital is usually found to be favorable in areas with a large number of skilled labor than in those with unskilled labor. This is usually a key reason for the migration of skilled labor. Improving knowledge usually helps in the long run although in undertaking it some rewarding opportunities are foregone.
Due to the various challenges regarding the availability of skills and knowledge, most poor countries are found to be producers while developed countries are manufacturers. Skilled wages in the developed countries are found to be higher than in poor counties despite the small margin in knowledge difference. Some countries have been found to have poverty traps which may be based on religion, geographic location, and ethnicity. These traps are prevalent in both the rich and poor countries. The steps undertaken are very essential in the growth and development of a country. Good government intervention and policies are very essential in growth.
Conclusion
Technology in a country is very essential in achieving growth and development when well integrated with skilled labor. There are usually leaks in the knowledge that has overall benefits. In making attempts to realize the predicted growth, there are usually barriers that have to be avoided.
Indeed this discussion was edifying, and it challenged some of our everyday decision-making processes. The proposals you have suggested in your example would be applicable in different fields of commerce. Various business companies can utilize the explore-exploit trade-off using different advertisement options such as social media, ads, and televisions to woo customers into buying their products. Together with having information on customer needs, this technique will be a success.
Tom Griffiths presents very insightful thoughts on making the best decisions and solving common social problems by thinking like a computer. In his Ted Talk, there are three most fundamental approaches to the decision-making process. These methods would facilitate decision-making in limited time, difficult comparisons, and breaking huge problems into small, easily solvable ones. In his first suggestion of using the 37% rule, families considering relocating can apply this rule to find the best-matched neighborhood. In this scenario, a family can scan 37% of the available options, considering their needs like children’s new school, distance traveled to and from work, and security. In an explore/exploit the situation, a student joining college would benefit by comparing the time needed in their academic course and whether they can simultaneously engage in sports activities, community volunteering, or work-school program. Students with extra free time may explore some of the available extra-curricular options that a short academic course might not permit for another learner.
Finally, a government facing endless challenges during a pandemic and with limited funds may decide to make the best decision in the shortest time. For instance, during a pandemic, the government may decide to deal with immediate needs like sustaining citizens’ livelihood and offering direct aid. From the numerous functions that the government plays, it could postpone some of its roles like organizing and hosting sports activities and first minimize the effects of the pandemic.