Literature Studies: Poetry in Business Schools

Introduction

Poetry and business are both forms of art. The environment of entrepreneurs is in a way similar to the poets. Their exposure to possibilities, risk-taking, and finding innovative solutions to troubles are what makes them similar.

Poetry is a primordial form of art that is gradually losing its meaning in different professions with business taking the lead. Today, many significant poets involved in businesses by either obligation or preference have seen no important connection between the two as not any is writing about commerce. This happens because poetry inculcates the splendor and rhythm of language to create emotional content.

Its creativity relates to the prowess of hiding meaning in messages. As a result, it suffers from a picture predicament. Its pleasing and seductive rhythm and lyrics appear tricky but teasing and preservative. Business manuscripts, on the other hand, seem to have straightforward, easy meanings and in line with the accounting standards.

Poetry in Business is Irrelevant

Why teach poetry in business while poetry itself does not recognize business? Modern poetry describes the business world as a world of tedium, loneliness, and impersonality. In addition, poetry uses exclusion to define it by not including it in its world and consequently, by insinuation, the business has developed into all that poetry is not.

If the poetry today recognizes it by any means, it has condensed its vastness and diversity into some dated ideas learned from movies. Unlike business, poetry is a world full of imagination, enlightenment, and opinion, the universe from which business is trying to disentangle.

Business calls for facts, statistics, and complete clarification. It is rare to find a poem, which directly concerns community organizations that dominate our lives, such as businesses or situations that progressively characterize them.

Secondly, poetry is too difficult for other professions. Numerous individuals devote their lives to learning poetry and still face difficulties comprehending its meaning. In addition, professional poets persistently debate on poetrys nature. This portrays that not even they understand it, but also the students grasp it properly for its application in business activities.

Poetry usually has numerous meanings and until the education system defines it clearly, and consequently, how and what a business lecturer should teach in it, it will maintain its description of philosophy aids, exercises for the youth, and somewhat illogical puzzles. Until then, it remains of little or no significance in business classrooms among other professions.

Thirdly, business students only require learning of Basic English and not its complicated form like poetry. Some poems will always prove difficult for students and require adult intelligence to grasp their sense. Therefore, teaching it in schools along with other professions results to students developing detest for poetry or even their career.

According to many reports, numerous students are struggling with Basic English in schools and only a small percentage is making sufficient progress. If students are having difficulties in Basic English, there is no rigid reason for teaching the complex one. Business studies do not require the complex poetic structure to tackle any situation; simple grammar and vocabulary will do it all.

Conclusion

Unless teaching of poetry in business schools is in terms of buying and selling poetry merchandise, many view it as a waste of time otherwise used to make future entrepreneurs more competent or add more business ideas. Commerce world is a novelists territory and not a poet, reflecting common and not private experiences.

Business is a vital field in the world today and the addition of unnecessary topics can harm its understanding. One can earn skills such as creativity, memory, and confidence from various field activities, like the creation of business proposals other than studying poetry.

Case Analysis for Weaver v. Nebo School District

Legal Issue

Since the 1960s civil rights movement, various federal and state laws have been made which prohibits discrimination of employees on the basis of gender, race, color, national origin, age, religion and now sexual orientation (Miller & Jentz, 2009).The main legal issue in the case involving Weaver and Nebo school district revolves around the question whether it is constitutional to deny her an opportunity to coach Spanish Fork High school volleyball team because of her sexual orientation.

This case also involves the issue of whether the school administration should deny Ms. Weaver her freedom of speech in regard to discussing and talking openly and publicly about her sexual orientation while at the same time her fellow heterosexual teachers are not prohibited from discussing openly such topics (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2008).

Facts

It is a legal fact arising from the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as well as First Amendment and Fourteenth Amendments Equal protection that no employee should be discriminated against because of his or her sexual orientation.

In addition, homosexual employees should not be threatened with unjustifiable disciplinary actions or restricted for speech which their heterosexual counterparts are not similarly sanctioned for (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman 2008).

Doing contrary to that rule beats the logic behind the principle of equal protection. Furthermore, there is no substantial evidence from the defendants in this case that shows how the plaintiffs sexual orientation bears any relationship based on reason to her competence as a teacher or a coach (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman 2008).

Discussion

Discrimination of employees on the basis of age, gender, race, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, disability and color is utterly prohibited under the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its subsequent amendments such as First Amendment and Fourteenth Amendments Equal protection (Miller & Jentz, 2009; Bennett-Alexander & Hartman 2008).

Therefore, facts and arguments raised by the court in favor of Ms. Weaver are properly legally grounded and reasonably unchallengeable even in another higher court of law. They are also properly precedential as demonstrated by the Supreme Court rulings in the Romer v. Evans and Brown v. Board of Education cases (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman 2008).

These rulings demonstrate that if a communitys view of the protected class is founded up on nothing more than unfounded hatred, stereotypes and assumptions, it is essentially unreasonable and does not provide any legal foundation for the School Districts decisions against Ms. Weaver whose job performance as a teacher and coach was undisputedly beyond distinction irrespective of her sexual orientation (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman 2008; Miller & Jentz , 2009).

HRM Implications

Decision of the court in this case will deter and discourage employers, co-workers, as well as labor unions, from discriminating against employees belonging to the protected class and more so homosexuals who have suffered silently for a long period of time. It will also encourage homosexuals to talk openly without fear about their sexual orientation and fantasies like their heterosexual counterparts.

It also has potential of leading to a change of the communitys irrational perception of the minority groups in the community. Furthermore, it will discourage human resource managers and overall organizational management from tying up an individual employees competence to his or her sexual orientation or other natural endowments like color or disability among others.

How should a manager respond in his or her own organization in light of this decision?

A prudent manager should seek to increase diversity awareness and skills among its employees, senior officials and other significant stakeholders like directors and shareholders in order to ensure that discrimination against all individual employees and others on the basis of unfounded hatred, assumptions and stereotyping is reduced and avoided.

Doing so would ensure that his or her organization is able to shun unnecessary and avoidable damages to employees or customers or any other stakeholder doing business with his or her organization.

Reference List

Bennett-Alexander, D., & Hartman, L. P. (2008). Employment Law for Business. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Miller, R. L. & Jentz, G. A. (2009). Fundamentals of Business Law: Excerpted Cases. New York, NY: Cengage Learning.

Case Analysis for Weaver v. Nebo School District

Legal Issue

Since the 1960s civil rights movement, various federal and state laws have been made which prohibits discrimination of employees on the basis of gender, race, color, national origin, age, religion and now sexual orientation (Miller & Jentz, 2009).The main legal issue in the case involving Weaver and Nebo school district revolves around the question whether it is constitutional to deny her an opportunity to coach Spanish Fork High school volleyball team because of her sexual orientation.

This case also involves the issue of whether the school administration should deny Ms. Weaver her freedom of speech in regard to discussing and talking openly and publicly about her sexual orientation while at the same time her fellow heterosexual teachers are not prohibited from discussing openly such topics (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2008).

Facts

It is a legal fact arising from the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as well as First Amendment and Fourteenth Amendments Equal protection that no employee should be discriminated against because of his or her sexual orientation.

In addition, homosexual employees should not be threatened with unjustifiable disciplinary actions or restricted for speech which their heterosexual counterparts are not similarly sanctioned for (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman 2008).

Doing contrary to that rule beats the logic behind the principle of equal protection. Furthermore, there is no substantial evidence from the defendants in this case that shows how the plaintiffs sexual orientation bears any relationship based on reason to her competence as a teacher or a coach (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman 2008).

Discussion

Discrimination of employees on the basis of age, gender, race, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, disability and color is utterly prohibited under the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its subsequent amendments such as First Amendment and Fourteenth Amendments Equal protection (Miller & Jentz, 2009; Bennett-Alexander & Hartman 2008).

Therefore, facts and arguments raised by the court in favor of Ms. Weaver are properly legally grounded and reasonably unchallengeable even in another higher court of law. They are also properly precedential as demonstrated by the Supreme Court rulings in the Romer v. Evans and Brown v. Board of Education cases (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman 2008).

These rulings demonstrate that if a communitys view of the protected class is founded up on nothing more than unfounded hatred, stereotypes and assumptions, it is essentially unreasonable and does not provide any legal foundation for the School Districts decisions against Ms. Weaver whose job performance as a teacher and coach was undisputedly beyond distinction irrespective of her sexual orientation (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman 2008; Miller & Jentz , 2009).

HRM Implications

Decision of the court in this case will deter and discourage employers, co-workers, as well as labor unions, from discriminating against employees belonging to the protected class and more so homosexuals who have suffered silently for a long period of time. It will also encourage homosexuals to talk openly without fear about their sexual orientation and fantasies like their heterosexual counterparts.

It also has potential of leading to a change of the communitys irrational perception of the minority groups in the community. Furthermore, it will discourage human resource managers and overall organizational management from tying up an individual employees competence to his or her sexual orientation or other natural endowments like color or disability among others.

How should a manager respond in his or her own organization in light of this decision?

A prudent manager should seek to increase diversity awareness and skills among its employees, senior officials and other significant stakeholders like directors and shareholders in order to ensure that discrimination against all individual employees and others on the basis of unfounded hatred, assumptions and stereotyping is reduced and avoided.

Doing so would ensure that his or her organization is able to shun unnecessary and avoidable damages to employees or customers or any other stakeholder doing business with his or her organization.

Reference List

Bennett-Alexander, D., & Hartman, L. P. (2008). Employment Law for Business. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Miller, R. L. & Jentz, G. A. (2009). Fundamentals of Business Law: Excerpted Cases. New York, NY: Cengage Learning.

Juvenile Treatment: The High Scope Perry Preschool Project

Introduction

Available literature demonstrates that juvenile treatment programs substantially minimize recidivism and assist the youth to return to a healthy trajectory of development (May, Osmond, & Billick, 2014). While most juvenile programs apply a reactionary approach to delinquency in terms of being administered after adolescents demonstrate antisocial behavior, others assume a proactive approach by targeting at-risk populations at a younger age to assist them before they become delinquent (de Vries, Hoeve, Assink, Stams, & Asscher, 2015). This paper assesses a proactive juvenile treatment program with the view to illuminating its positive impact, negative aspects, and suggestions for improvement.

Name of Program

This paper evaluates the High/Scope Perry Preschool Project, which basically teaches children prosocial values and provides their families with support from the community during the childs early, formative years (May et al., 2014, p. 299). This program targets young children below 5 years old, who are exposed to various school and home educational interventions hinged on an active learning model that underscores participants cognitive and social development (Parks, 2000). Parents are also encouraged to participate in monthly small group meetings with other parents to discuss various issues and challenges facing their children and how to develop them into responsible individuals (Peyton, 2005).

Location of Program

The program is based in Ypsilanti, Michigan, though it has been replicated in other areas across the United States and abroad.

Studies on Effectiveness of Program

The program has been the focus of a longitudinal study conducted to evaluate its effectiveness at various life stages. The results of this study showed that the treatment intervention is effective in not only reducing crime and delinquency, but also in minimizing the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and welfare dependency among participants who successfully completed the program (Parks, 2000). The study also found that the program is effective in reinforcing prosocial behavior, academic achievement, employment income, and family stability as compared with the control group (Parks, 2000, p. 2). Another study found that the program is effective in reinforcing the self-esteem and self-efficacy beliefs of at-risk African American youths, which in turn increase economic independence and lower delinquent behaviors (Luster & McAdoo, 1995).

Positive Impact

The program lowers delinquency levels (e.g., misconduct, fighting, violent behavior, property damage, and police contact) and increases the likelihood of stable marital relationships and fewer teenage pregnancies at the community level. At the individual level, the program is associated with high incidences of academic success (test scores, grade point average, and graduation from high school) and socioeconomic success. The individual indicators impact the community positively as people with high academic and socioeconomic success are less likely to seek for public assistance and more likely to take good care of their families than those with low education and socioeconomic success (Peyton, 2005).

Curbing Juvenile Delinquency

The program curbs juvenile delinquency as it provides an enabling environment for children to achieve good language skills and develop adequate attachment to caregivers during their formative years. Additionally, the program addresses the risk factors associated with delinquency and antisocial behavior in childhood, such as poor parenting skills and multiple family stressors (Peyton, 2005). Parks (2000) acknowledges that such a multicomponent approach to enhancing child development promotes protective factors and reduces risk factors by addressing the many systems and influences that affect a childs development (p. 4). Lastly, the program is able to curb juvenile delinquency by not only working with parents to strengthen their parenting skills but also directly reinforcing early developmental processes through empowerment, effective training, socialization, and support (Peyton, 2005).

Negative Aspects of the Program

The program takes a long time to implement fully, hence it may be quite costly to undertake. Additionally, it may be difficult to document lifetime progressions of participants to the program, hence the need to have a definite time frame.

Suggestions for Improvement

Owing to the fact that peer relationships contribute significantly to delinquent behavior (Williams, 2016), it would be appropriate for the program to include an intervention on what children needs to know when interacting with peers and how they can utilize school and family support systems to interact with other children. Additionally, in cognizance of the fact that most children rely on the Internet for information, it would be appropriate for the program to include a component on how to shield at-risk populations from potentially dangerous online information through empowerment, education, and support.

Justifications for Supporting the Program

First, it is evident that children who have gone through the program exhibit a noteworthy reduction in adult and lifetime criminality when compared to control participants and the general population (May et al., 2014). Second, the program is effective in ensuring that children become productive members of society and succeed in life. Lastly, the multicomponent nature of the program ensures that parents participate fully in shaping the behaviors of their children.

Conclusion

Overall, the assessment of the High/Scope Perry Preschool Project clearly shows that there is a potential association between childhood intervention on one hand and delinquency and crime prevention in later years, on the other. As such, it is important for stakeholders to implement early childhood interventions during the preschool years with the view to enhancing protective factors and minimizing delinquent behavior.

References

de Vries, S.L.A., Hoeve, M., Assink, M., Stams, G.J.J.M., & Asscher, J.J. (2015). Practitioner review: Effective ingredients of prevention programs for youth at risk of persistent juvenile delinquency  Recommendations for clinical practice. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56, 108-121. Web.

Luster, T., & McAdoo, H.P. (1995). Factors related to self-esteem among African American youths: A secondary analysis of the High/Scope Perry preschool data. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 5, 451-467. Web.

May, J., Osmond, K., & Billick, S. (2014). Juvenile delinquency treatment and prevention: A literature review. Psychiatric Quarterly, 85, 295-301. Web.

Parks, G. (2000). . Web.

Peyton, L. (2005). High/Scope supporting the child, the family, the community: A report of the proceedings of the High/Scope Ireland third annual conference, 12th October 2004, Newry, Northern Ireland. Child Care in Practice, 11, 433-456. Web.

Williams, L. (2016). The value of alternative therapies in mental health treatment for incarcerated youths. Corrections Today, 78(1), 24-28. Web.

Legal Search of Students in Schools

Sometimes, there may be reasons to suspect students in the violation of the order in a school. To that end, in the United States, there is a mechanism of searches that  to an exact extent  can ensure discipline and prevent many undesirable issues in this regard. However, this topic is not as simple as it may seem at first approximation. In particular, there is considerable ambiguity in terms of the violation of the students right to privacy. Within the scope of the theme, a significant number of factors should not be forgotten, which justifies the necessity of constant research and reviews. What is more, from the perspective of the mentioned topic, it can be seen how the decision-making process of school leaders is affected by the legal dimension in the country, as well as its importance. Below, a discussion on the lawful grounds for the search of students in schools will be provided.

In the Constitution, there is the Fourth Amendment, according to which the rights of the people are to be protected in their personalities, accommodations, and documents from inappropriate searches and seizures. These rights cannot be breached, as well as no Warrants can be issued without a reasonable cause that should be founded n Oath (U. S. Const. amend. IV.). It seems rational to say that in accordance with these statements, the government has no legal opportunity to conduct unreasonable and warrantless interventions in an area in which an individual or individuals have their privacy rights (the United States v. Chadwick, 1997). At this point, the question of whether such a state of affairs is applicable to students in schools or not.

It may be claimed that different standards are applied to students. The latter, as adults, apparently have constitutional rights (Morse v. Frederick, 2007); however, they are not absolutely the same as a free adult has under the other conditions. A student does not lose their constitutional rights at school, but they do not get identical protection that the Fourth Amendment provides. This, again, is due to the fact that an adult is in other circumstances. In the mentioned educational establishments, a student has only a limited privacy right.

The Fourth Amendment which does not allow imprudent searches and seizures is applicable to searches that are conducted by a public school official. Nevertheless, the rights of a student are to be defined, taking into account particular peculiarities of schools conditions. The United States, which has the role of the schoolmaster of children, can undertake a more considerable extent of supervision and control in comparison to an adult who is free in this vein (Vernonia School Dist. 47J v. Acton, 1995). This determines whether a search is appropriate or not; hence, the search of students can be legitimate.

Given the rationale above, it might be suggested that the search of students by school officials is to be reasonable, and all conditions should be considered. In order to define whether such a search is appropriate, one should remember a number of important aspects. First, it is whether this search was proper initially; second, the mentioned search that is being conducted should be linked with the scope of the conditions of the particular case (Hazelwood School Dist. v. Kuhlmeier, 1988). In most situations, searches are justified at their inception if there are rational arguments for looking for the pieces of evidence that will prove that students have violated the law or the schools principles.

Another crucial point in the framework of the theme is that a search warrant is not needed in schools. A plethora of searches of adults is to be founded on a search warrant that, in turn, must be signed by a judge. This document also should be grounded on the principle of probable cause. However, for a school official, it is not necessary to obtain a warrant prior to searching students. The warrant norm is not applicable to the school circumstances. If the State could require this warrant from the school officials before the search of a student who is suspected of breaking the establishments rules, it would unreasonably hinder the maintenance of discipline and settled procedures.

Here, it should be stressed that for school searches, probable cause is not required; instead, there is the necessity of reasonable suspicion. The latter requires less information than the former, as well as takes place in a case when facts raise moderate chances to find evidence of the offense. The privacy right of students is not neglected but balanced by the importance of maintaining order. For instance, in Safford Unified School Dist. #1 v. Redding (2009), the school officials search of the backpack of the student and outer clothes for prescription of drugs was legitimate. However, the search for the underwear was unreasonable, given that there was no reasonable suspicion that this student had utilized the underwear for concealing evidence.

A school can undertake random searches, not due to individualized suspicion but the necessity of preventive measures. For example, these can involve the utilization of metal detectors and a sweep of lockers. The legitimacy of random searches takes place if schools have a convincing interest or particular need that justifies the search without suspicion. The prevention of drug abuse is the primary reason expressed by school officials in the United States. For instance, drug-testing programs are a type of random search. In Todd v. Rush (1998) and Miller v. Wilkes (1999), this type was approved for students who take part in extracurricular activities.

To conclude, the issue of the search for students in US schools was discussed. It was found that these searches are legitimate and are to involve several essential aspects. Students do not shed their Constitutional right of privacy in a school; still, this right is limited due to the presence of the related establishments order, rules, and discipline. However, when such a search is conducted  despite the fact that no search warrant and probable cause are not needed  reasonable suspicion is required. Moreover, random search is allowed because it is considered a preventive measure.

It seems appropriate to claim that the discussed theme clearly shows that school leaders are significantly affected by the legal dimension in their decision-making process. Although the power to arrange education in the country belongs to the states, concerns regarding effectiveness and local involvement are resolved by the delegation of authorities from legislative branches to school officials and leaders. Such a system tends to operate efficiently and gives benefits, as there is a visible balance of powers, responsibilities, and the scope of influence in this vein in the US. It is essential to provide the local education providers with the opportunity to organize the specific aspects of their order on their own.

References

(1988). Web.

Miller v. Wilkes, 172 F.3d 574 (1999). Web.

Morse v. Frederick, 127 S. Ct. 2618, 2628, 168 L. Ed. 2d 290, 220 Ed. Law Rep. 50 (2007). Web.

(2009). Web.

Todd v. Rush, 133 F. 3d 984 (1998). Web.

U. S. Const. Amend. IV.

(1977). Web.

Vernonia School Dist. 47J v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995). Web.

The Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. Case

This paper discusses the Supreme Court case when a 14-year-old student and cheerleader, Brandi Levy, posted a Snapchat series of F-bombs. After that, she did not get a promotion to her cheerleading team at school (Totenberg, 2021). Due to acknowledging that she was not going to be promoted, she posted some photos with messages telling F-words about school and her cheerleader experience, among others (Totenberg, 2021). Consequently, the teenager was suspended from the team because of the disruptive behavior demonstrated in the photo messages (Kim, 2021, p. 62). However, Levys family denied the fairness of this suspension and appealed to the court, stating that the photos were posted outside the territory of the school. In the end, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Levys statement, declaring that there is no power to punish students for the photos or speeches that were made outside the school area.

The most important issue that was raised in the case of Levy is the freedom of speech and its scope and boundaries. In my opinion, this case shows that freedom of speech is a crucial issue that should be handled accurately and with great attention, especially in school settings. The most important detail, in this case, is that girls photos with messages were posted outside the premises of the school and did not cause any serious disruption (Kim, 2021). While one should be accurate with the expressions and the messages he or she posts, Levys posts were harmless to society (Russo, 2021). Therefore, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Levy and stressed the importance of the freedom of speech.

The most important provision in the US Constitution relating to this issue is the First Amendment. This Amendment protects the freedom of speech, which includes the right not to speak or to engage in symbolic speech (Kim, 2021). Thus, the US Constitution grants and discusses this right to liberty of expression, particularly in this provision. Social media, in a modern understanding, erase the boundaries and the limitations of understanding of self-expression.

While on social media, people are able to express themselves and post personal life photos, hobbies, and photos of family and friends, there are some limitations. For example, all social media platforms have certain rules regarding that users posts or say. These include hate speech, false information, pornography, or harmful messages/photos (Magarian, 2021). Therefore, these limitations should be regarded by social media platform users.

Freedom of speech ends and becomes a threat to other individuals in this case, when people employ hate speech or incite actions that would harm others and when individuals promote illegal items and activities, such as drugs and obscenity (Magarian, 2021). Moreover, other cases might include speech related to sedition, indecency, words for inciting hatred towards others, trade secrets, and food labeling (Magarian, 2021). Therefore, freedom of speech is limited by the cases when it involves illegal and harmful proposals and actions.

I believe that one of the ways to find the solution to understanding the freedom of speech is to draw certain boundaries and create specific definitions. In order to avoid such cases, the government should provide a clear understanding of the concept of freedom of speech at all levels and disseminate this information in all public settings. With the evolution of digital transformation, there are many controversial cases regarding the freedom of speech (Totenberg 2021). The government should adjust the rules for modern society so that the concept of freedom of speech would be comprehensible at the executive level.

Freedom of speech in the US on the Internet can sometimes provoke controversial situations. Regarding the entity or organization to resolve this issue, I think the governmental bodies and international organizations should find the solution to the problem with this concept. The United Nations could also contribute to the adjustment and evolvement of this case. In my opinion, governmental bodies should work collaboratively with the UN on this issue.

References

Kim, R. (2021). Under the law: Regulating student speech in the Snapchat era. Phi Delta Kappan, 102(6), 62-63. Web.

Magarian, G. P. (2021). The Internet and Social Media. The Oxford Handbook of Freedom of Speech, 350-369.

Russo, C. J. (2021). . Laws, 10(2), 19-30. Web.

Totenberg, N. (2021). . National Public Radio. Web.

Discussion Against the Afro-Centric School in Toronto

Nowadays, many Canadians have come to the realization of the fact that they no longer live in a country ruled by reason, but rather in the modern equivalent of Alices wonderland, where the rules of logic do not apply. The validity of this statement is best illustrated by a decision of the Toronto District School Board to allow the opening of the Canadian first afro-centric public school in the center of Toronto during the course of this year, which took place in January 30, 2008. Such decision, of course, can hardly be thought of as being dictated by purely academic considerations, but rather as such that is meant to prove Ontario bureaucracys allegiance to the dogma of multiculturalism, at the expense of advocates of interracial harmony continuing to draw racial lines between Torontos residents. Therefore, it is not a pure accident that this Toronto District School Boards decision was being met with strong criticism, on the part of just about all those citys residents, who despite being subjected to neo-Liberal brainwashing, over the course of decades, were nevertheless able to retain their ability to think logically. The editorial Choice in Education, found in Macleans Magazine from February 18, 2008, states: The notion of a school focused especially on the needs of black students has struck some as a harbinger of segregation. Torontos diverse daily print media  National Post, Globe and Mail, Toronto Star and Toronto Sun  universally condemned the idea in editorials ranging from Black Schools Wrong Answer to Why it is a Bad Idea (Macleans 2008).

The proponents of opening afro-centric school in Toronto, justify their adherence to this idea by implying that, while being segregated within the racially exclusive school, Black students would reconsider their attitude towards education: Black students in Toronto have a dropout rate of 40 per cent. Its time to change that (Macleans 2008). The sheer absurdity of such an idea is visible even to a naked eye because the neo-Liberal assumption that it is solemnly the social environment that defines students chances of succeeding in academia had been proven as utterly fallacious a long time ago. In his article Government, Neo-liberal Media, and Education in Canada, Charles Ungerleider makes a perfectly good point when he suggests: A substantial number of Canadians subscribe to neoliberal values, at least in the abstract. Commercial media are themselves beneficiaries of neo-liberal messages. However, in the field of education, neo-liberal values appear to have a counter-productive effect on the effectiveness of studying process (Ungerleider 70). The reason for this is simple  governmental officials, associated with promoting neo-Liberal agenda, strive to adjust the objective reality to the set of their obscure beliefs, and not the other way around. It is not by pure accident that no research has been conducted on the probable effects of having an afro-centric school established in Toronto, before its actual opening. Basically, Dalton McGuinty and Kathleen Wynne, whose preoccupation with celebration of diversity had assumed pathological properties long ago, do not simply base their policy-making decisions on their wishful thinking, but they also appear as being totally unaware as to what the concept of governmental accountability stands for. Their idea that opening an afro-centric school in Canadas biggest city would benefit Black students is nothing but an irrational assumption, which is not being backed up by any rational considerations whatsoever. Moreover, their idea is socially dangerous. What if representatives of other Canadian racial minorities will demand opening their own Third World  centered schools? After all, while living in a multicultural country, they should be allowed to explore their ethnic uniqueness at the expense of taxpayers, in the same manner, African-Canadians do.

Even a brief review of academic literature that discusses the concept of afro-centrism in terms of spirituality vs. materialism (euro-centrism), leaves no doubts as to the fact that promotion of afro-centric cultural values in the academic curriculum would only strengthen racial antagonisms within Canadian society, which proudly refers to itself as multicultural. In his article Afrocentricity: Implications for Higher Education, Jerome H. Schiele clearly suggests that African cultural values are superior to European cultural values, because they are deeply spiritual, as opposed to European materialistic and intolerant values: A fundamental difference in the conception of human beings between the Afrocentric and Eurocentric philosophical models is that whereas there is a considerable emphasis on harmony and collectivity within the Afrocentric perspective, considerable emphasis is placed on domination, conflict, and fragmentation within the Eurocentric perspective (Schiele 154). One does not have to hold a Ph.D. in Sociology, to recognize the sheer inappropriateness of such suggestions. The ideological aspects of Afro-centrism, make this pseudo-scientific concept (upon which the educational process in Torontos Africanized school will be based) socially dangerous. In his book Afro-centrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes, Stephen Howe rightly suggests that: Afro-centrism is accompanied by a mass or invented traditions, by a mythical vision of the past, and by a body of racial pseudoscience. From all this follows an extreme intellectual and cultural separatism, involving belief in fundamentally distinct and internally homogeneous African ways of knowing or feeling about the world, ways which only members of the group can possibly understand (Howe 2). We can only agree with the author  whereas, in Torontos conventional public schools, Black students are being forced to at least try to adjust their behavior to commonly accepted norms, in afro-centric school, there are going to be absolutely no mechanisms of exercising an academic control over such students since according to proponents of afro-centrism, the very concept of discipline is fascist. We can only imagine, what will come as a result: First of all, IQ testing will be banned as racist. During the course of history lessons, teachers will be telling students about the great Black civilizations of Egypt, Rome, and Greece. Second of all, it is most likely that students would not even be required to study euro-centric empirical disciplines, such as chemistry, geometry, or physics, due to the virtual absence of Black teachers with diplomas in these sciences. But the worst thing of all  students will be continuously instilled with the idea that it is namely their racial affiliation, which defines who they are, that White people should be thought of as enemies and that all their life problems should be blamed on racism. As result, the graduates of Africanized Torontos school would be even more likely to indulge in anti-social activities, during the course of their time in school, and less likely to proceed with their studies in universities and colleges, as compared to those Black students who had obtained their high school diplomas, while studying together with Whites. Moreover, there can be no doubt that graduates of Africanized schools will have a particularly hard time, while looking for employment, because no employer would be willing to hire a person who thinks that the Black color of his skin automatically makes him a better person (more spiritual), thus qualifying him for special rights and privileges.

Given the fact that objective realities point out to promoters of hyper-multiculturalism in education as those who actually facilitate racial tensions in Canada, it appears as something utterly illogical that these people continue to proceed with their agenda as if they were blind or affected by mental illness. However, the answer to this question fits well within the boundaries of logic  the only way for the neo-Liberal hawks of political correctness to retain their governmental offices is to continuously undermine Canadas national integrity, by deliberately drawing racial and cultural lines between citizens while referring to this practice as promotion of multiculturalism. The establishing afro-centric school in the center of Toronto is simply going to account for another item on the long list of neo-Liberal failed social experiments. And as always, no one will be held accountable for wasting taxpayers money.

The self-appointed experts on tolerance in this country simply will not admit one simple thing  the apparent failure of Black students in Canadian academia (just as it is the case about anywhere else in the world) is not environmentally but biologically predetermined. In their groundbreaking book IQ and the Wealth of Nations, Professors Tatu Vanhanen and Richard Lynn had proven the apparent link between peoples racial affiliation and their ability to operate with highly abstract terms (which defines their ability to learn). Therefore, it does not really matter how strongly a particular individual appreciates his ethnic roots  he will never be able to attain social prominence through education, for as long as the level of his IQ remains well below 80. The opening of afro-centric school in Toronto, while expecting its students to become dedicated to studying, as the result of them being surrounded by a racially exclusive social environment, is the same as submerging a piece of iron into a sulfur acid, while expecting it to turn into gold, as result (alchemist practice). Today, the apparent pseudo-scientific essence of alchemistry is being officially recognized, simply because alchemist formulas do not work. The same can be said about neo-Liberal concepts of social-engineering and education  they do not work; yet, the advocates of these concepts continue to enjoy legitimacy.

Thus, it will only be logical, on our part, to conclude that the idea that Canadian taxpayers money should be wasted on instilling Black Canadians with the sense of self-respect, by the mean of telling them fables about imaginary great Black civilizations in a racially exclusive school, is not only utterly inappropriate  it is criminally insane. If Canadian Blacks are being so proud of their cultural heritage, they should be allowed to explore this heritage in Africa, during the course of field trips to the Black continent. However, it is very doubtful that, after having spent a few days in Africa, while being required to eat cockroaches for breakfast, to drink water out of rain paddles, and to socialize with their racial brethren, they would still be willing to refer to themselves as African-Canadians, instead of simply Canadians, upon their return back to this country.

Bibliography

Choice in Education (2008). Macleans, 121(6), 4.

Howe, S. (1999). Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes. NY: Verso.

Schiele, J. (1994). Afrocentricity: Implications for Higher Education. Journal of Black Studies, 25(2), 150-169.

Vanhanen, T. and Lynn, R. (2002) IQ and the Wealth of Nations. London: Praeger Publishers.

Ungerleider, C. (2006). Government, Neoliberal Media, and Education in Canada. Canadian Journal of Education, 29 (1), 70-90.

Stocking Epinephrine in Schools: Policy-Making Visit

Introduction

  • There is need to improve health care delivery in schools.
  • This can be achieved through various ways such as stocking of epinephrine in schools to be administered in the case of anaphylactic reactions among students or faculty.
  • A bill seeking the stocking of epinephrine in schools was presented to the Mississippi legislature but it died in the committee.
  • A policy making visit is to be scheduled to push for the implementation of this bill.

Stocking of epinephrine is schools is a priority issue as the cases of allergies among school going children are increasing. They have increased by about 18% from 1997- 2007. Asthma and allergies are one of the leading causes of absenteeism in schools. Equipping schools with the resources needed to manage an anaphylactic reaction will help reduce cases of complications.

Introduction

Sample of auto injectable epinephrine

The epinephrine to be stocked in schools is auto injectable epinephrine that is not patient specific.

Sample of auto injectable epinephrine

Description of the legislative visit

  • An appointment is to be scheduled with the office of the legislator both in writing and verbally.
  • On the day of the meeting brochures with the message to be delivered will be printed.
  • The message will be delivered in a clear and concise manner and the brochures given to the people who attended the meeting.
  • A follow up plan will be agreed upon.

The message will consist recommendations and the discussion of the opinion of the legislator on the issue.

Description of the legislative visit

The policy making process

  • In order that a bill becomes policy, it goes through a policy making process that involves:
    • An issue is discussed in the public agenda.
    • A bill is introduced in the house.
    • The bill is then assigned to a committee.
    • The committee decides on an action.
    • The action of the committee is brought to the floor of the house for voting.

In the process the bill may not pass the committee, either because it was not prioritized and therefore not discussed or it was rejected by the committee, in this circumstance the bill is said to have died in the committee. The bill to allow stocking of epinephrine in schools did not pass the committee, so it is termed dead.

The policy making process

Purpose of the Policy making visit

  • The bill requiring schools to stock epinephrine died in the education committee.
  • It will be reviewed again in the next committee meeting.
  • The policy making visit is to get a legislator to commit to take action on the matter in order to ensure that the bill becomes policy.
  • The people making the visit will include a registered school nurse, a parent of a victim of lack of epinephrine in school and a parent of a child with asthma or allergy.

Before the visit the group will book an appointment with the legislator, and set up goals to be achieved during the visit. In addition the group will print out their message and give a copy to the legislator and other members in the office of the legislator.

Purpose of the Policy making visit

Message to the legislator

  • The visit aims at informing the legislator of the importance of the situation at hand.
  • 10% of all school going children have allergies; 50% of the 10% have a high risk of developing anaphylactic reactions.
  • Accidental ingestion of allergens that may result in an anaphylactic reaction most commonly occurs at school.
  • It takes about 1-2 minutes for a mild reaction to become an anaphylactic reaction.
  • States such as Illinois have passed policies requiring stocking of epinephrine in schools.
  • The bill seeks to ensure that epinephrine is stocked in schools and is administered by a trained faculty or staff in the event of anaphylaxis.
  • Epinephrine is the drug of choice for all episodes of anaphylactic reactions.
  • It has no contraindications in the event of an emergency.
  • The current laws allow students with asthma or any known allergy to carry epinephrine to school and to self administer in the event of an anaphylactic reaction.

There is a rapid increase in the number of school going children with allergies between 1997 and 2007 there was an increase of 18%.(Young, Munoz-Furlong, & Sicherer, 2009)).

If the bill passes every school will be required to have a faculty member trained on how to recognize symptoms of anaphylaxis and when to give the auto injectable epinephrine. The training will be done by a registered nurse or a physician.

Message to the legislator

Message to the legislator

Follow up

  • After delivering the message, a follow up plan should be agreed upon with the legislator.
  • A contact person both in the group and the legislators office should be appointed.
  • A timeline should be set after which the group expect a response from the office.
  • A date of the next meeting should be scheduled.

The follow up plan will ensure that the group conducting the legislative visits are informed of any progress that has taken place.

Follow up

Expected outcome of the policy making visit

  • The legislator should be able to talk to the chairperson of the education committee to prioritize the bill.
  • The legislator should convince the members of the education committee on the importance of the bill at hand.
  • The legislator should try to get the group conducting the policy making visit audience with the Education committee to discuss with them the importance of the bill

The expected outcome is the expected response of the legislator.

Expected outcome of the policy making visit

Insights gained during the plan for the visit

  • The policy making process is not necessarily determined by the importance of the bill.
  • Other factors that may affect the policy making process include: party politics; preference of voters; pressure from interest groups and personal preferences of the legislators.
  • It is important that when conducting the policy making visit the group takes all these issues into consideration.
  • To ensure the bill becomes policy, the nursing fraternity should speak in one voice to support the bill. The one most important factor that influences nurses. participation in policy making within the health sector is solidarity among nurses (Benton, 2012).
  • Nurses should also inform the public about the benefits of supporting the bill.
  • The group conducting the legislative visit should be aware of the key players in the Mississippi house so that they can use them to ensure implementation of the bill.
  • Nurses in various parts of the world have used their advocacy skills to make a positive impact in the health of the people they serve.
  • In Rwanda, the nurses their used advocacy to fight for regulation in the profession this ensured the standards of nursing are maintained (Benton,2012).
  • Improving the standards of education of nursing in Ghana improved the quality of care delivered to the patient.
  • Nurses through advocacy can effectively influence policy.

In order that the legislator grants us our needs we need to be open to their needs so that the relationship is mutually beneficial. By listening to what they have they will also listen to what we have.

Being aware of the key players in the Mississippi house will ensure that the right person is approached to ensure that the legislative visit is successful.

The nurses in Ghana identified what they wanted and started following the policies they had set even before the government passed it as law. They put it in line with the governments intention of improving quality care.

Insights gained during the plan for the visit

Insights gained during the plan for the visit

Insights gained during the plan for the visit

Importance to nursing

  • According to the world health organization (2011), policy making is the slowest area of development in the nursing profession.
  • Nurses are usually involved in implementation of policies in the health sector rather than the making of the policies.
  • Nurses should participate in the policy making process in order that the policies passed are inline with the nursing perspective (WHO, 2011).
  • The International Council of Nurses global mission of the 21st century is to lead society to better health.
  • This can be achieved through various ways but the only way with the greatest impact is through health policy making.
  • This proposed visit is going to define the nurses role as a policy maker in the state of Mississippi.
  • Following this visit, the nurse in Mississippi will develop a cordial relationship with the legislator.
  • The relationship developed can be used to ensure that nurses are always involved during the making of health related policies.
  • Nurses make up the majority of the health profession with more than 3million workers (Institute of medicine, 2010).
  • With the numbers they should be able to influence the policy making process both as voters and professionals.
  • This policy making visit, if successful will ensure the school nurse in Mississippi can effectively administer epinephrine to victims of anaphylaxis.

The world health organization recognized how laid back nurses are to make policies. It also recognizes that nurses are the majority and are key in implementation of policies. They should also play a major role in the making of the policies.

Policies target a large population, if this bill becomes policy, it will affect the whole state of Mississippi. It will ensure that every sector is improved. When nurses limit themselves to working to improve health care, they have an impact but to a smaller extend than policies.

Influencing policies made starts during the electoral process, nurses should support leaders who will support improvement of the health policies. In the United States 1 out of every 100 voters is a nurse, they can influence policies as early as when choosing the leaders with the right manifesto.

Importance to nursing

Importance to nursing

Importance to nursing

Future opportunities

  • This legislative visit also advances the role of the nurse in policy making.
  • This visit if successful may be used as an example to other nurses when advocating for policies.
  • In addition the mutually beneficial relationship between the nurses in Mississippi and the legislature may be used to further develop other health policies.

This describes the role the policy making visit scheduled to take place will improve the future of nursing. The same way in this legislative visit, other past visits are sited, this visit may also be a point of reference in future.

Future opportunities

Conclusion

  • Nurses should actively participate in the policy making process as they are greatly involved in the actualization of health policies.
  • The bill requiring schools to stock epinephrine will help actualize the main mission of the nursing profession which is to maintain health.
  • This will be achieved through prevention of complications of anaphylaxis.

Conclusion

References

  • Benton, D., (2012) Advocating Globally to Shape Policy and Strengthen Nursings Influence OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 17, No. 1, Manuscript 5.
  • Institute of Medicine of advancing academies (2012). The future of nursing: Leading change advancing Health. Web.
  • International Council of Nurses. (2010). Vision for the future of nursing. Geneva, International Council of Nurses. Web.
  • World Health Organization. (2011). Strategic directions for strengthening nursing and midwifery services 2011-2015. Geneva, World Health Organization. Web.
  • Young, M.C., Munoz-Furlong, A., & Sicherer, S.H. (2009). Management of food allergies in school: A perspective for allergists. Journal of Allergy Clinical Immunology, 124(2), 175-183.

The Causes of High School Dropping Out

Generally, it is necessary to state that the problem of school dropouts can be regarded as one of the burning issues American society faced. Taking into account the fact that dropouts are considered to be costly and experience numerous societal difficulties, one can conclude that the problem requires governmental concern. The causes of the dropout problem are rather ambiguous. For instance, special investigations show that the representatives of ethnic minorities as well as those, who seem to be economically disadvantages, drop out more often.

Thus, as far as the problem seems to be mostly associated with demographic factors, one can suppose that policymakers and educators are to be greatly interested in solving the problem. In other words, it becomes evident that immediate measures are to be taken, in order to avoid numerous unpleasant consequences.

To analyze the causes of the problem, one is to rely on numerous social disciplines. Thus, various psychological, anthropological and economical data must be taken into account. According to sociological studies, dropping out of school is mostly caused by school factors, which most common is recognized to be poor progress.

Individual causes involve certain family problems, difficulties with communication, some racial stereotypes and prejudices. Taking into consideration the above-mentioned data, one can suppose that the major causes of dropping out of school are based on four key factors. Thus, community, family, demographic background and personal experience are considered to be the most important categories.

Demographic background cannot be ignored, as certain statistical data show that dropout rates are higher within the representatives of various racial groups. For instance, the rates for Blacks and Hispanics are higher than the rates for native-born representatives. Generally, the fact can be explained on the basis of some historical data.

Thus, the representatives of ethnic minorities seem to be more economically disadvantaged than native-born students. Lower levels of academic achievement can be explained on the basis of the same historical interpretations. So, one can make a conclusion that the socioeconomic status of ethnic minorities representatives is considered to be an important factor.

The aspects of family background should be also analyzed in detail. Thus, one is to keep in mind that the structural characteristics of family play an important role in dropping out of school. These characteristics involve familys income, parental education, the status of parents (i. e. the situation when a man or a woman brings up a child without a partner can be regarded as an important aspect dropout rates depend upon).

On the other hand, one more important aspect, which is to be highlighted, is the so-called parental involvement in schooling. Generally, it should be noted that those parents, who are interested in their childrens academic success and participate in various school programs, help school governance. Moreover, parental involvement allows to lower dropout rates. Parenting style is also one of the key variables dropout rates are related to.

The interdependence between community and dropping out cannot be neglected. It is necessary to state that communities influence students school results. Personal experience involves school experiences. For instance, disruptive behaviors are recognized to be the most widespread causes, which determine dropout rates.

So, to understand the causes of dropping out, there is a need to consider numerous data on various disciplines, including sociological and psychological studies. Demographic background, personal experience, family issues and the relationship between communities and dropping out are the major categories the problem of discussion is to be based on.

High School Proposal in US

Introduction

In the United States education system, high school runs from grade 9 to grade12. It is the School districts of the community and not the central government provides education. Some of the states run residential schools that cater for individual needs, such as for the need of deaf and blind children. However, there are standard schools attended by students without disabilities attend.

There are also residential schools for students that got talent in specialized fields. Additionally, defense department operates a number of schools that admit children belonging to staff. Students can of their studies in high school and may also choose to specialize in other areas. Each state decides on the control provided to students (Cole 56).

Failing the school system

Everybody should be concerned with the education of each student. The stakeholders of education have to make appropriate decisions with respect to students education. Buying and padding grades, corruption in learning institutions lead to failure of education systems (Cole 278). Inexperienced faculty members and part time trainers contribute to the persisting problem.

the main idea of this paper is to focus on depression. Thus, depression is condition of having a low mood and hatred to activity, which affects an individuals feelings, behavior, thoughts and physical well-being. An individual depressed feels anxious, hopeless, sad and worthless. One is capable of losing interest in things that they once used to enjoy. The student cannot learn when he/she is depressed. Students experience too much negativity and stress such as; called names, bullied, overweight and many others.

This make them hard to focus. If depression is not diagnosed, it can lead to emotional illness and, therefore, becomes the main reason of students poor performance at school. It slows down both physical and mental abilities, feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness because of intense fatigue. Instead of interacting with friends, students prefer sleeping. In order to avoid depression, students should discuss issues with both their parents and teachers. This will also help in the improvement of the system of education (Alford, Brad & Beck, Aaron 327).

By explaining depression, the reason why students do not meet the required concentration level for learning can be understood. As a result of depression, there is an increase in failure rates and inadequacy. As put in the text, Jenny cannot remember a day where she did not hate herself. She was a student of honor roll, but ended up in dropping school in her junior year. She got tired of exposing her feelings.

Another key factor that fails the education system is the surrounding of the students. Most of the students who dropped schools come from families with low-incomes. There is an example of a student, Tindle who dropped the school, did it because family thought that he was worthless. Parents did not support the student; which influenced his decision to drop the school. Students like Tindle experience the lack of attention on behalf of their parents and teachers.

One of the main reasons why some parents encourage students to drop the institution is the fact that they also dropped schools or other educational establishments when were students. Lack of encouragement and guidance on behalf of parents and teachers also plays an importany role in failing the education system (Hinkel 838). Teachers should guide students in schools in order to avoid failure to both the learner and the system of education.

Reason for the course and how it should be taught

For many centuries people have been used literature as a medium of expressing their thoughts and ideas, and for the purpose of educating and informing people. In addition, it was used as a means of entertainment. The rise of technology changed the role of literature. In addition, educational role passed to the gadgets and mass media. Currently, students do not sit down and read books, the only place where students are to reed books is school (Hinkel 936). They spent limited time at the library in order to do their lessons and not to get general knowledge and broaden their intellectual horizon.

Studying languages is important since it helps in pursuing the course. There are various ways to learn and acquire knowledge of language. There is a great and broad exposure to students who study abroad. People who come from English speaking countries have communication skills that are praiseworthy in all areas. Using and practicing languages helps people obtain a properly knowledge of their own language.

Nevertheless, it takes a student to give a quality time and put serious efforts to learn the skill. International and foreign schools branch out and expand their operation to the locals (Forsey 97). A skill is not something gained without working hard. The study of language and literature should be considered as a challenge and not as a burden. A dedicated and practicing student is capable of obtaining expertise and confidence.

Students must first gain general knowledge about language and. This implies tracing the nations social life. Therefore, the aim of the course is to help students understand literature as a means for expression of the authors ideas and personality. This is an interpretation and portrayal of life in ancient times. Students should appreciate the course as it has a considerable effect on both their emotions and minds. Language concerns the development of thoughts and use of knowledge that is creative. For this reason, school curriculum includes games, imagination and literature.

Language is essential for growth and development of students, as they look for understanding and knowledge, as well as obtaining skills to adventure the world surrounding them through language. Students require language lessons so as to communicate effectively and express their wants and needs (Forsey 105). This will help them develop and grow as active members of the community. Language enables people to do things.

The grades required to study literature and English are grades 9 to 12. In the university, a student must have four units emphasizing on grammar, literature and composition and two emphasizing any other language in order to specialize in language and literature (Hinkel 234).

Testing the effectiveness of learning

A teacher is supposed to assist every student in achieving their goals. A criterion test should be used to test the effectiveness of learning. The students will be responsible for their grades. For instance, a student knows that 9% is a standard for A. The test can be used as an instrument for diagnosis. This helps the learners to know what they need in order to get the best grades.

Secondly, a formative test can be used to determine the mastery of the content, meeting the objective and attainment of a skill (Cole 318). It can be done at the developmental period in the process objective mastering. In conclusion, teachers should encourage their students in all aspects of life in order to improve the education system and support students in achieving their personal goals.

Work Cited

Alford, Brad. Depression: causes and treatments. London: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.

Cole, Mike. Equality in the secondary school: promoting good practice across the curriculum. New York :Continuum International Publishing Group, 2009.

Forsey, Martin. Challenging the system?: a dramatic tale of neoliberal reform in an Australian high school. New York: IAP, 2007.

Hinkel, Eli. Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning. London: Routledge, 2005.