Category: Quaid E Azam

Role of Ali Jinnah as the father of the nation.

As we know Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a barrister, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.[1] Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan’s independence on 14 August 1947, and then as Pakistan’s first Governor-General until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Azam (“Great Leader”) and Baba-i-Qaum, (“Father of the Nation”).

The role of leadership is very important to put the nation on the way. Good leadership infuses the quality of awareness, consciousness, mobilization, sense of direction and defense against the adversaries. The Muslims were lucky to have such competent leadership. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a history-making leader, who change the course of history. He possessed a visionary leadership commitment to the caste and political mobilization capacity.

Jinnah was trained as a barrister at Lincoln’s Inn in London. Upon his return to British India, he enrolled at the Bombay High Court and took an interest in national politics, which eventually replaced his legal practice. Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress in the first two decades of the 20th century. In these early years of his political career, Jinnah advocated Hindu–Muslim unity, helping to shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, in which Jinnah had also become prominent. Jinnah became a key leader in the All India Home Rule League and proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims. In 1920, however, Jinnah resigned from the Congress when it agreed to follow a campaign of satyagraha, which he regarded as political anarchy.

By 1940, Jinnah had come to believe that Muslims of the Indian subcontinent should have their own state to avoid the possible marginalized status they may gain in a Hindu-Muslim state. In that year, the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution, demanding a separate nation. During the Second World War, the League gained strength while leaders of the Congress were imprisoned, and in the elections held shortly after the war, it won most of the seats reserved for Muslims.

As the first Governor-General of Pakistan, Jinnah worked to establish the new nation’s government and policies and to aid the millions of Muslim migrants who had emigrated from the new nation of India to Pakistan after independence, personally supervising the establishment of refugee camps. Jinnah died at age 71 in September 1948, just over a year after Pakistan gained independence from the United Kingdom. He left a deep and respected legacy in Pakistan. Innumerable streets, roads, and localities in the world are named after Jinnah.

Politicals achievements:

Jinnah as a staunch supporter of Hindu Muslim and Indian unity started his political career with Indian National Congress in 1906. To bring closer all the Indian communities he even “bitterly opposed the introduction of the separate electorate in the district boards and municipalities”1 at the Congress session of 1910. He was a charismatic leader in the real sense of meaning. Jinnah played a decisive role in articulating the Muslims demands and pursuing these phases of strong opposition from the Hindus and British.

Jinnah started his parliamentary career in 1910 and on January 4, elected as a member of the Imperial Legislative Council from Bombay. In October 1917, he joined the Home Rule League founded by Annie Besant to further the cause of attainment of self-rule for India. In 1918, he held a vigorous campaign against the farewell party in honor of the Governor of Bombay, Lord Willingdon.2 The efforts of Jinnah were applauded and Jinnah Memorial Hall was constructed as a tribute to him from the people of Bombay.

Another landmark of Jinnah’s political struggle, to bring closer the Hindus and Muslims, was Lucknow Pact. In December 1916, AIML and Congress met in Lucknow. It was due to the untiring efforts of Jinnah that the Congress “agreed to separate electorate, for the first and the last time. 3 To applaud these efforts of Jinnah, he was given the title of ‘Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity’ by Sarojni Naidu.

To counter the secret and revolutionary activities during World War I, an Act was introduced by the British Government known as Rowlatt Act. Jinnah opposed the Act as it was against all the fundamental notions of law and justice. He “resigned from Imperial Legislative Council as a protest”.4

The dream of Hindu-Muslim unity seemed to collapse but it was Jinnah who stepped forward and presented his Delhi Muslim Proposals in 1927. For the sake of Hindu-Muslim unity, the Muslim League was ready to forego the demand which was the cry of the Muslim India, the ‘separate electorate’. The Delhi-Muslim Proposals “reflected his intentions and revealed his views about Hindu-Muslim Unity”.5 These efforts were undone by the Nehru Report. Jinnah opposed it tooth and nail. “The Nehru Report of 1928 made no concession at all and was rejected by all shades of Muslim opinion”.6

Reaction to Nehru Report was the famous Fourteen Points of Jinnah. These Fourteen Points clearly reflected the demands, sentiments, and aspirations of the Muslims”.7 The Congress did not give any importance to these points and instead determined to oppose them.

In order to discuss the political deadlock and reach some constitutional settlement for British India, Round Table Conferences were held in London from 1930-1932. Jinnah “played a vital role on Federal Structure Sub-Committee”8 The Round Table Conference proved that the two main communities of India held bipolar and contradicting views on Indian constitutional progress.

To end the stalemate British Government announced Communal Award on 16 August 1932 leading to the enactment of the Government of India Act 1935. The Act was neither held by the Muslim League nor by Congress. But this Act became the basis for the future constitutions of India and Pakistan.

Quaid e Azam as an ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity;

How did Quaid E Azam get the title of ambassador of peace?

Before 1947 there were two major political parties in the subcontinent i.e Muslim League and Indian National Congress. Muslim League was formed in 1906 whereas Indian National Congress was formed long before. Muslim League was the sole representative of Muslims whereas Indian National Congress claimed to be the representative of both i.e Muslims and Hindus. Quaid e Azam started his political career in the subcontinent by joining Indian National Congress. In 1913, he also joined Muslim League. At that time he was a staunch supporter of Hindu – Muslim unity. Initially, he believed that Muslims and Hindus should live together in the subcontinent as they were living there together, before. This helped him to earn the title of “Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity” or you can say that Ambassador of peace.

In 1916 Lucknow Pact took place between the All India Muslim League, lead by M.A.Jinnah, and Indian National Congress, led by B.G. Tilak. Through this pact Muslim-Hindu political relationships were improved and the religious communities were brought closer later on Congress also accepted the separate electoral rights for Muslims. Jinnah played an important role in this whole arrangement and in fact, was an adamant supporter of Hindu-Muslim unity and thus named “Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity”. However, it’s another story that later on Jinnah realized that Hindus weren’t very good team players and weren’t going to be helpful in case to support Muslims which was later quite evident after the 1937 elections.

After some years his personality transformed and he struggled for the independence of Muslims. Although Muslims and Hindus were living together in the subcontinent, they both have a different histories, culture, traditions, and norms and also Muslims were not given their proper rights. So, he struggled for the independence of Muslims.

Who gave the title of Ammbasdur of Hindu Muslim Unity to Quaid-e-Azam?

Sarojini Naidu gave this title to Muhammad Ali Jinnah for his efforts to bring Hindus and Muslims together against British Rule. He was initially a member of the All India National Congress and later joined the All India Muslim League but did not resign from the All India National Congress, therefore as a member of both parties he tried really hard so that Muslims and Hindus can be on the same page. And due to his efforts, he was given this title at Lucknow Pact.

Now, also Muslims are living in India and also Hindus are living in Pakistan. It is the duty of both the governments i.e government of Pakistan and the government of India to treat them like the citizen of their states not on the basis of their religion.

References

1. Ahmad Saeed, Trek to Pakistan, (Lahore: Institute of Pakistan Historical Research, 2002), p.251.
2. Ahmad Saeed, op. cit, p. 133.
3. Ayesha Jalal, The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications), p. 10.
4. Ahmad Saeed, op. cit, p. 199.
5. Muhammad Ali Siddiqui, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Speeches: Round Table Conference [1930-1932] (Karachi: Quaid-i-Azam Academy, 1996), introduction.

The people of Pakistan are going in the worse condition day by day. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of nation and the father of nation got this separated country for the Muslims of subcontinents to live their lives freely according to the teachings of Islam. When Pakistan emerged as a new nation on the map of the world, the whole world was saying that this country would remove from the map very soon and unfortunately all the politicians of Pakistan played their role in destroying it.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah died on September 11, 1948, at that time the politics of Pakistan was not strong as it was a newly born nation. Quaid-e-Azam was the most influential leader of Pakistan. After his death there was anarchy everywhere and the politics of Pakistan reached at the verge of chaos. Liaqat Ali Khan became prime minster of Pakistan, after the death of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He tried to manage the anarchy in the politics of Pakistan but he was assassinated in one of his public address on October 1951, at Liaqat bagh Rawalpindi. After the death of Quaid-e-Azam and Liaqat Ali Khan, Pakistan’s politics was completely destroyed.

At that time the power hungry people and bureaucrats took advantage of that anarchy and stared struggles to get an authority. A lot of times martial law was imposed and the assembly was dissolved. The country was having just so called democracy. These politicians did not arrange any general public elections because they knew that public will reject them. Pakistan was under martial law more than thirty four years which is not a short time period according to the age of the country. In addition to this, Pakistan was very defamed in the world for the poor politics and its poor system. In this large period the politicians were not even able to make a good education system. The degree of a Pakistani university is suspected worldwide.

The European countries consider the degrees of Pakistani universities as fake and self created. This is all because our politicians did not pay any attention to the life and needs of a common citizen. The educational system is divided into two categories, government and private, Urdu medium and English medium. A huge portion of Pakistan’s population is still suffering from poverty. A child of a labour or a poor person is unable to go a good school and in result he/she gets low quality education. When they go for admission in universities they do not get admission because they cannot compete to an english medium school kid or beacon house’s student. As a result, the poverty transfer from generation to generation. This contradictions spread hate among the people of Pakistan.

The political system and leaders did not give good quality health facilities. You can see in the government hospitals doctors treat the patients like they are not humans they are just their clients and the same doctor will treat you with high respect when you will go to his/her personal clinic. This is the health quality of this country. Our politicians made it worse day by day. The politicians destroyed the economy of Pakistan and they increased the imports and decreased the export. Every coming politician increase the debt for Pakistan and now the Pakistan is under the huge mountain of debt.

What is Ideology?

The word ideology is a combination of two words “Ideo” and “Logos”.Ideo means idea or specific opinion and logos means science so, ideology is the science of ideas that contains specific reasons and beliefs behind ideas.

It is set beliefs and values that firmly hold people together and it reflects the demands, wishes, and aspirations of a nation.

The basic benefit of ideology is that it keeps a nation united at a specific point and gave them a goal, their national life because mostly ideologies emerge at the time of crisis when people think their social identity, their culture, and language are under influence of another nation. Moreover, when they realize that their ethnicity is going towards its end. The same are the reasons behind the ideology of Pakistan.

The ideology of Pakistan:

Every movement in the world always has a specific ideology and the reason behind the emergence of Pakistan was its ideology of Islam. The ideology of Pakistan is

“Sovereignty belongs to Allah and the building force behind the establishment of Pakistan is Islam.”

It means that the purpose behind the creation of Pakistan was a separate homeland for Muslims of the subcontinent in which they are free to lead their life according to their religion and practice their rituals freely in light of their religion without any fear. To add more, the reason behind the ideology of Pakistan was that Muslims of the subcontinent realize that their political, religious, and cultural identity is facing threats from Hinduism and if they continue to live with them even in the “Democratic state of India” the ultimate result is loss of their identity as a nation. So for the protection of their identity as a nation, they demand a separate homeland on the ideological basis of Islam.

As ideology is an evolutionary process in the same manner ideology of Pakistan proceeds in the evolutionary manner in which

• Allama Iqal gave philosophical thought.
• Quaid e Azam practiced it into political reality.
• And the constitution of Pakistan gave it a legal sanction.

Two nation theory:

Two nation theory is the base of Pakistan from which the ideology of Pakistan emerges. Hindus and Muslims are not a single nation of the sub-continent they are two different nations with different and opposite religious identities and cultural values and they are two distinct nations.

The concept of two nation theory, in the political forum, was firstly given by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan however Muslims used this term before it that they are a separate nation but it was Sir Syed who declared Muslims as a separate nation on political aspects.

In short two-nation theory is the main factor behind separation of the sub-continent and the freedom movement.

Historical background of two nation theory and ideology of Pakistan:

Pakistan is a state which emerges on basis of ideology not on basis of territorial location and its ideology has a complete history behind it. In the sub-continent both Hindu and Muslim communities were living together they were both poles apart from each other. The Hindu claims that Muslims are a minority and there is only a single nation in India. But becomes clear that Muslims are a separate nation after the war of independence of 1857 when only Muslims become victims brutality of the British instead of the fact that Hindus also took part in this war. After this Urdu-Hindi controversy, 1867 took place a result of which Sir Syed gave the two-nation theory. Reunion of Bengal 1911 was also an eye-opener incident for Muslims that instead of claiming a single nation Hindus were not ready to accept the rights of Muslims given by the British. Even the brutality reaches its peak when Hindus launched religious movements in order to force Muslims to accept Hinduism. These were all reasons behind the two-nation theory and religious movements by Hindus against Muslims gave rise to it and also the emergence of the ideology of Pakistan. As the ideology of Pakistan possesses an Islamic basis so, according to Hadith

“All non-muslims are one nation”

From this, it is clear that Muslims are a separate nation and they have their own identity in every aspect.

Two nation theory and ideology of Pakistan in light of pronouncements of Quaid e Azam:

Mohammad Ali Jinnah also known as The Father of Nation was the person who turned the philosophical idea of Iqbal about a separate homeland into a practical reality. He was a lawyer and a politician. After completing of his degree of law from Lincoln’s Inn he came back home and joined Indian National Congress but in 1913 he joined Muslim League because congress just claims to represent Muslims but in actuality, he was just a political body working for Hindus. Jinnah even after he left congress worked for Hindu Muslim unity and he was given by the title of “Ambassador of peace.”

In 1913 at a round table conference he said

“It is necessary to resolve Hind Muslim dispute before application of any constitution until they gave a guarantee to secure rights of Muslims any constitution who does not give guarantee about rights of Muslims is not acceptable even for 24 hours.”

On basis of the two nation theory, he said

“Muslims of sub-continent is a separate nation and they have right to establish their own country in which they can freely promote and practice their religious, cultural and political values according to their religion”.

In his speech at Lucknow in 1937 he said

“The majority community have shown that Hindustan is for Hindus”

On a historical session of Muslim league on 23 March at Lahore, he said

“Muslims are not a minority in sub-continent. They are a separate and independent nation by every definition. By all international standards of definition of nation we are a nation”.

In his address of 1940 as president of the Muslim league he said

“India is a sub-continent.It is not a country because different nations are living there and they have different benefits associated with it and among these nations, the Hindus and the Muslims are in majority. Both of these nations have different cultures, religious values and literature even though they have different customs of marriage and death they both are pole a part in every aspect. Even in the religious aspect, they have different history so, both are two independent nations.”

He further said as a minority Muslims are not able to improve their position in united India under one central government however they can improve themselves by division of united India”.

In 1944 his address at a Muslim university he said

“For decades Hindus and Muslims are living together even in same villages but they not blend themselves as a single nation. They were two different nations”.

At another occasion he said Pakistan come into emergence when the first non-muslim becomes Muslim in India before the establishment of Muslim rule. When a Hindu embraced Islam he was an outcast from Hindus not with respect to religion but also socially, culturally and economically.

Throughout ages, Muslims are just been Muslims and Hindus are just Hindus.

On ideology, Jinnad believed that Islam is the force that makes Muslims a nation.

In a sermon, he said, “We are not demanding Pakistan just a piece of land because we want to make Pakistan a laboratory in which we are able to exercise all teachings of Islam.”

In his message to Muslim students, he said “The purpose of Pakistan is not only to get freedom and independence but Muslim ideology which is a precious gift for us that holds us together.”

He also said, “what is the relationship between us that holds us together, which is the rock on which building of Muslims establish, which rope hold us together, the relationship, the building, and the rope is Holy Quran.”

In 1945 in his Eid message he said “The life code for Muslims is Quran and it is their religious, cultural, economical, judicial and military code. It has influence in every part of our life and our holy Prophet urges us to follow all teachings of Islam in our daily life.”

In short, all these sayings of Quaid e Azam prove his struggle for Pakistan was completely based upon two nation theory and Islamic ideology.

Two nation theory and ideology of Pakistan in light of pronouncements of Allama Iqbal:

Allama Iqbal also called Hakeem- ul- ummat was the person who awakened the Muslims of the sub-continent through his poetry and he was the one who gave the idea of a separate homeland for Muslims.

He explains ideology that,

“Islamic opinion on the concept of nationalism is different from all other nations. The base of Islamic nationalism is not a uniform language, living within the same territory or economy. We as Muslims all belong to one nation founded by the holy Prophet and our membership rests on common belief about the universe and historical traditions that we all share together.”

He also explains the two-nation theory through his poetry and in his different sermons he asks that Muslims are a nation in every aspect of life.

In his famous Allahabad address of 1930, he said “I would like to see Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, and N.W.F.P emerges as a state. Self-government outside or inside the British empire. And the final destiny of North West Indian states is to appear as a Muslim state.”

Allama Iqbal also wrote a letter to Mohammad Ali Jinnah in which he said that “Muslims of North West India and Bengal should be considered as a nation. They are a nation just like other nations inside or outside India.”

He further said that “It is necessary that we cannot ignore that the future of Islam in Asia with respect to moral values and political identity just depends upon Indian Muslims.”

On two nation theory, he further said “Muslims and Hindus are living together for thousands of years and they have their own different ideologies so the only solution of Indian political conflict is separation on India”.

He also said, “ I am demanding a separate homeland for Muslims on basis of Islam because India is a continent of different nations belonging to different races, they speak different languages and practice different religions”.

Conclusion:

To sum up, the emergence of Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims is the fruit of the efforts of Allama Iqbal and Quaid e Azam who awake Muslims of the sub-continent on basis of the two nation theory which was politically given by Sir Syed and Islamic ideology which emerges from this theory. Allama Iqbal links the two nation theory and ideology of Pakistan through his philosophical thoughts and he also writes letter to Quaid e Azam to come back in order to fight for Muslims of the sub-continent.On the other hand, Quaid e Azam proves practically that without Islamic ideology and two-nation theory emergence of Pakistan as a state was impossible because the formation of Pakistan is not on territorial or language basis it was on a religious and cultural basis.

References:

1. https://www.worldbulletin.net/personage/allama-iqbal-pakistans-ideological-founder-h122627.html
2. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/jinnah_mohammad_ali.shtml

Leadership is about inspiring human beings to do matters they never idea they ought to have.

Selfless, dedicated, charismatic, competent, honest, specialist and unimpeachable in his integrity; these are simply some of the phrases that have been used to describe the personality of the founder of Pakistan Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Jinnah, a man of principles, set very high requirements and values in politics. He in no way compromised on principles. Gutter politics used to be now not his style. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s statesmanship lay in his two traits; Firstly his rational technique in the route of politics, and secondly his keen expertise of goal flooring realities, then once more awkward or complex, he made the proper wish at the proper moment. He was once once no doubt one of the most charismatic leaders in latest history.

”Character, courage, organisation and perseverance are the 4 pillars on which the complete edifice of human life can be constructed and failure is a word unknown to me.”– Jinnah’s existence philosophy.

His private qualities, magnificent personality and his dedication to the cause of Pakistan had deep have an effect on and had gained him popularity all over the world.

Jinnah used to be once besides question one of the most dynamic humans who has been admired now now not only by using foreign historians but additionally as nicely as these who adversarial his needs for a separate ountry. His brilliance and mind surpassed many others and his wondering processes have been greater keenly studied and preferred through potential of International historians as nicely as locally.

Stanley Wolpert, eminent US historian and biographer of Jinnah, wrote in his e e book “Jinnah of Pakistan”: “Few people significantly alter the direction of history. Fewer on the other hand modify the map of the world. Hardly all of us can be credited with growing a nation-state. Muhammad Ali Jinnah did all three”.

Otto von Bismarck, the typical German Chancellor, said: “Man can not create the current of events. He can solely waft with it and steer.” Jinnah’s statecraft fulfils this take a look at with the useful resource of skilfully and efficiently guidance the damaging present day of occasions at some stage in 1946 and bringing the tattered Muslim ship, protected and sound ashore inner a year.

One of the most prolific and controversial writers of British India, Saadat Hassan Manto wrote in his book, Jinnah Sahib: “As in billiards, he would study the kingdom of affairs from every and each and every angle and solely go when he was once sure he would get it acceptable the first time.”

Jawaharlal Nehru India’s first Prime minister and Jinnah’s long-time political adversary while reflecting on Jinnah described him as ”One of the most awesome men in history.”

We have the honour of appreciation this man of swish personality and understanding as our leader, whom we affectionately recognized as Quaid-e-Azam. A chief and a constitutionalist, who used the weapons of unity, belief and self-discipline to attain his objective, except elevating the sword.

“I do now not consider in taking the acceptable decision, I take a preference and make it right”.

A modern Muslim chief who has spent his existence struggle for a shape of Islam which showed recognize for law, for the rights of lady and of minorities – things which the Prophet Mohammed himself insisted upon.”

Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on December 25, 1876, in Karachi, Pakistan. In 1906 he joined the Indian National Congress. Seven years later, he joined the India Muslim League. The independent state of Pakistan that Jinnah had envisioned came to be on August 14, 1947. The following day, he was sworn in as Pakistan’s first governor-general. On September 11, 1948, he died near Karachi, Pakistan.

Early Life

Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Quaid-e-Azam) was born in Wazir Mansion, Karachi, Pakistan. Jinnahbhai Poonja and his wife Mithibai, in a rented apartment on the second floor of Wazir Mansion near Karachi, now in Sindh, Pakistan. In he went to London and starded working for a small company before that he was married to Emibai after a few year Embai and Jinnah’s mother passed away In 1894, Jinnah started to study law. He joined Lincoln’s Inn and graduated and also started participating in politics. so India should have constitutional self-government. Around this time, his father lost his business. This put Jinnah under great difficulty. In the meantime, he had started to practice as a lawyer in Mumbai.

Achievements

Many Muslim leaders of India like Aga Khan III, Coudhary Rahmat Ali and Sir Muhammad Iqbal requested Jinnah to come back to India. He agreed to come back to India and took charge of all India Muslim league. they did not win many seats. Jinnah wanted to have a separate country for Muslims of India. Jinnah and the Muslim League started work to get such a separate country. They made a plan for this in 1940 called the Pakistan Resolution. This new country was to be named Pakistan (Pure Land) After world war 2 British gave India independence but before that they had meetings for a separate country for Muslims a lot of Hindu leaders like. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi diss agreed for the partition of India and Pakistan but in 14 august 1947 Pakistan got independence and Muhammad Ali Jinnah got the title of Quaid-E-Azam (The Great Leader) and (Baba-I-Quam)

Why is he a hero?

Today, Jinnah is credited with having altered the destiny of Muslims in the Indian subcontinent. According to Richard Symons, Muhammad Ali Jinnah ‘contributed more than any other man to Pakistan’s survival.’ Jinnah’s dream for Pakistan was based on the principles of social justice, brotherhood and equality, which he aimed to achieve under his motto of ‘Faith, Unity, and Discipline.’ In the wake of his death, Jinnah’s successors were tasked with consolidating the nation of Pakistan that Jinnah had so determinedly established. Jinnah is now a role model and one of the most finest leader that Pakistan ever had