In my research I am using Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET) as my theoretical

In my research I am using Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET) as my theoretical

In my research I am using Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET) as my theoretical framework. The PET theory’s main components are policy image, policy venue, issue attention, and political system. I want to write a section with a brief literature summary of the four key factors mentioned above (One page maximum).
And another section which is the main section of this task is about venue change (or what so called venue shift), and how the interaction between policy image and venue change leads to policy punctuation. In this section I need an explanation of venue shift and when it happens. How it relates to policy image. And examples of venue shifts of digital policies (One page minimum).
This section has to be related after with digital and ICT policies.
I am attaching articles that might help;
Attachment 0&1&2 is a comprehensive overview of the theory and its key factors.
Attachment 3&4 concentrate on the venue change and venue shift – in light of policy image- (with literature of shifts in digital policies in attachment 3).

Research Paper Topic: Is the Christian conception of Natural Law indispensable t

Research Paper Topic: Is the Christian conception of Natural Law indispensable t

Research Paper Topic: Is the Christian conception of Natural Law indispensable to a
coherent moral theory of the State.
In the paper, be sure to mention all the Natural Law thinkers examined in the course and
include the many Natural Law concepts contained in their theories: justice, citizenship,
statesmanship, covenant, Christian kingship, democracy, the interaction between religious
and civil offices, and positive law/public policy formation.
Include a concluding section entitled Public Policy Applications that relates the lessons of
the Natural Law thinkers in the course to three public policy areas of your choice: one
must be moral; one must be economic; and one can be any other area of public policy of
interest to you.

Instructions STEP 1: Complete the IRB Social Behavior document, the Model Short

Instructions
STEP 1: Complete the IRB Social Behavior document, the Model Short

Instructions
STEP 1: Complete the IRB Social Behavior document, the Model Short Consent document, and the Recruitment document
Download and Fill out the 1.IRB Social Behavioral.docx (linked below) following the instructions in that form.
• Note that you should start this early, you can skip around sections (remember to come back to ones you skip), and you can consult with the instructors and others as you work through this material.

o 1. IRB Social Behavioral.docx
Actions

________________________________________
Download and modify the following forms:
• 2. Model Short Consent.docx
Actions

• 3. Recruitment.pdf
Actions

The majority of class research projects will require modifications of these two forms to reflect the student’s research project proposal.
________________________________________
Please notify the Instructor if you propose to study a vulnerable population, as that will require some additional documentation.
If in doubt about what to include for Assignment 7, please check with the Instructor.
STEP 2: Create a Measurement Instrument
Secondary Data
If you propose to use extant secondary data, then you can include the questionnaire via a link to the online questionnaire for that study (or you can download the questionnaire and include it with your assignment—please note that some of these questionnaires are huge, and so the internet link is likely to be the most efficient way to refer to the questionnaire).
You may also use the online documentation to help you describe the sample and other aspects of the study.
Primary Data
If you propose to collect original primary data, you will need to include at least one measurement instrument, like a semi-structured interview protocol, a questionnaire, or a focus group guide.
STEP 3: Compile your IRB Research Proposal
The final assembled assignment will include all of the following in one document or .pdf, in the following order:
1. IRB Social Behavioral.docx
2. Consent Document
3. Recruitment Scripts
4. Measurement Instrument(s)
5. Additional documentation if needed
This one document should be submitted to the Canvas submission page for Assignment 7
***I have attached the previous 3 research assignments (M4, M5, M6) for guidance***

Students will select a terrorism plot of their choosing (time, place, mode of at

Students will select a terrorism plot of their choosing (time, place, mode of at

Students will select a terrorism plot of their choosing (time, place, mode of attack, etc…) and will provide an outline indicating the necessary steps to address the threat, respond to the threat, and recover from such threat. Assignment should include details as to which agencies should be contacted and why, as well as which media outlets, if any, to contact. Indicate what actions should be taken with the information received.
Project Guidelines:
Over the past few weeks you have created a topic proposal, conducted research for scholarly/peer-reviewed sources, and written a research summary. For the final project, you will combine this gathered information and present the following in an essay on your selected topic.
Introduce your topic.
Provide information on the background and history that relates to your topic. Answer the questions: What events has led to the way the world views terrorism? What were the underlying concerns that brought about this change? What terrorist groups have made the biggest impact on the United States? These are just example of the type of information that should be provided in this section. However, each topic will provide unique and specific background information that will be required.
Include the description of the actual events that led to the development of terrorism prevention strategies. Discuss exactly what is covered and (if appropriate) what is not covered by the Department of Homeland Security or any other agency dedicated to counterterrorism. Demonstrate to the reader a comprehensive understanding of terrorism response by the United States.
A summary paragraph(s) on the topic to conclude the paper.
When writing the final project, you must demonstrate a knowledge of how to conduct research, how to use a minimum of five (5) scholarly/peer-reviewed sources (e.g. GMC Library), how to properly cite/reference sources using APA 7 formatting guidelines, and how to apply critical thinking skills within the analysis and presentation of your research results. Textbooks are not considered a scholarly/peer-reviewed source; however, they may still be included as a supplemental reference.
Be as thorough as possible when writing your essay, and remember, this is an academic essay, so no “text-talk,” no conversational tone, and ABOVE ALL OTHER THINGS… do not plagiarize. Lastly, spell-check and proofread your work. Failure to follow these steps will negatively impact your grade.
For this course, you will submit the graded activity using Turnitin. An Originality Report will become available within a few minutes after your first submission. Inside the Originality Report will be a Similarity Index. The Similarity Index shows a percentage of the material in your paper which matches other sources found by Turnitin.
The Originality Report will help you to avoid plagiarism and improve the quality and content of your essay. It is strongly suggested that you keep direct quotations to a minimum, and never copy and paste text without proper citations. You have until the activity due date to resubmit your work, however, there will be a 24-hour delay before the Originality Report becomes available. It is your responsibility to submit your activity on time. Be sure to check over your originality report to ensure all information is cited correctly.
General APA Formatting Guidelines:
All papers are to have an APA 7 title page, APA7 abstract page, and an APA 7 reference page. The APA title page, APA abstract page, and APA reference page DO NOT count toward the minimum page requirement. Your body of work needs to be 4+ complete pages.
Font Type: Times New Roman
Font Size: 12 point
Margins: 1 inch on all sides
Spacing: Double-spacing
Alignment: Left
Paragraph Indentation: Use the Tab key to indent all paragraphs one half-inch from the left margin
View APA Formatting Guidelines – http://gmcga.libguides.com/c.php?g=458&p=866401#s-lib-ctab-2584100-0
View APA In-Text Citation Rules – http://gmcga.libguides.com/c.php?g=458&p=1686
View information on APA Footnotes and Endnotes – https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/04/
View APA Reference Page information – http://gmcga.libguides.com/c.php?g=458&p=866401#s-lib-ctab-2584100-1
View a Sample APA Paper – https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdf
How to Setup your APA Paper: http://gmcga.libguides.com/c.php?g=139410&p=958254
Upload the assignment as a Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) document using the following naming protocol: LastNameFirstNameHSE305FinalProject
The HSE 305 Final Project will use the grading rubric listed in the Grading Rubrics section on the main course page.

Read each of the discussion posts and give a reply to each in 250 words each. Ea

Read each of the discussion posts and give a reply to each in 250 words each. Ea

Read each of the discussion posts and give a reply to each in 250 words each. Each reply must incorporate at least 1 scholarly citation in APA format. Any sources cited must have been published within the last five years. Acceptable sources include the textbook, the Bible, etc.
Respond to each of the following:
1.    Pay-for-Performance in the Public Sector: To Be or Not to Be
This report examines two issues: Whether pay should be connected to performance in government employment and whether there are salient characteristics of an effective pay-for-performance or PFP program. On the latter issue, this work identifies what those characteristics might be. Finally, government employees who believe in God should consider a biblical worldview in approaching job performance. This work thus concludes with a covenantal synthesis.
The Utility of PFP in the Public Sector
The first issue is whether pay-for-performance or PFP should exist in public sector performance management, irrespective of whether the financial inducement to work hard is a one-time bonus, a permanent raise, or another form of compensation. PFP should exist, and it does, although there are detractors. The federal government is a good place to start in the public sector because performance pay exists there. Performance pay is codified in the “federal personnel management” provisions of the United States Code. The statute, which applies to executive branch agencies and the Government Publishing Office, reads, in part, “Equal pay should be provided for work of equal value [and] appropriate incentives and recognition should be provided for excellence in performance” (Merit System Principles, 2014).
This federal merit pay system, as we know it today, began with the passage of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978. Ideally, pay-for-performance would make excellent workers feel great about being on the team. The system is also intended to nudge underachievers to improve or leave. The program may even help the federal government attract recent college graduates (Nigro et al., 2013). Nevertheless, one might say, there is a cloud in this silver lining.
The National Academy of Sciences asserts there is “no evidence” that PFP improves performance. Additionally, Pearce and Perry did a study in 1983 that found no aggregate motivational boost from PFP. The study cited a pair of possible reasons: PFP may make workers focus on individual performance to the detriment of team performance. Further, the quest for more money may instill “conflict” in the ranks (p. 162).
Bae (2023) examined many studies favorable and unfavorable toward PFP and concluded that the success of PFP in motivating workers depends on the system’s ability to link performance directly to the rewards, which is easier said than done in the public sector because it lacks the profit motif on which the private sector operates; hence, although the public sector can have “ambiguous goals and conflicting values,” individual-based PFP—not group-based PFP—can bolster “employees’ satisfaction with their pay, organizations, and jobs” (p. 605). Ironically, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration uses a combination of  “individual and collective pay for performance systems” (p. 601). Appropriately expanding the use of PFP, the Department of Veterans Affairs will add optometrists to those medical professionals who will be eligible for performance pay if the VA Clinician Appreciation, Recruitment, Education, Expansion, and Retention Support (CAREERS) Act, S. 10, passes Congress and is signed by President Joseph R. Biden Jr. (CAREERS Act, 2023).
Having asserted that PFP is and should be used in the public sector to improve performance, the second issue surfaces: the characteristics of a sound system.
Characteristics of PFP Done Right
This analysis will raise three features of PFP that federal agencies should ensure they instill in their programs. But, first, the federal civil service can study, and perhaps borrow from, public education. Pham et al. (2021) overviewed several education studies that dealt with what the authors termed “performance-based human resource management,” on which performance pay is based (p. 323). The bottom line is that federal PFP can help to recruit and retain personnel and, at the same time, motivate (p. 557). For instance, Washington state operates a Challenging Schools Bonus program that awards certified teachers a bonus of up to $5,000 to teach in “high-poverty schools.” The program has increased the percentage of such teachers (p. 558).
The federal government applies this concept from time to time to attract and retain workers, especially in medical fields. The CAREERS Act, noted above, is one such use. This report’s education example leads us back to those characteristics of a sound PFP program particularly applicable to the federal workforce. Lee (2019) hypothesized that there are three keys to motivating employees in the public sector. First, PFP requires simple and plain statements of goals and objectives that establish what employees “are expected to accomplish” (p. 327). Second, FPF necessitates a fair employee evaluation process, featuring performance ratings that guide employees on what they must do to improve (p. 328). Third, employees must be “satisfied with post[-]assessment feedback” (p. 329).
“Feedback” is also crucial when it comes from God, which draws this work to its conclusion.
Covenantal Synthesis
This discussion does not delve into whether PFP existed in the span during which the Bible was written; nevertheless, Jesus says, “[R]eward every man according to his works” (New Scofield Reference Bible, 1967, Matthew 16:27). Just as important as working hard and being compensated well is living a Godly life in and out of work by “follow[ing] righteousness, faith, love, [and] peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart” (2 Timothy 2:22). The word of God always stresses the priorities in life.
References
Bae, K. B. (2023). The differing effects of individual- and group-based pay for performance on employee satisfaction: The role of the perceived fairness of performance evaluations. Public Management Review, 25(3), 601-619. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2021.1988270
Lee, H.-W. (2019). Performance-based human resource management and federal employee’s motivation: Moderating roles of goal-clarifying intervention, appraisal fairness, and feedback satisfaction. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(3), 323-348. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X17721300
Merit System Principles, 5 U.S.C. § 2301 (2014). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/2301
Nigro, L. G., Nigro, F. A., & Kellough, J. E. (2013). The new public personnel administration (7th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Pham, L. D., Nguyen, T. D., & Springer, M. G. (2021). Teacher merit pay: A meta-analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 58(3), 527-566. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831220905580
Scofield, C. I. (1967). The New Scofield Reference Bible. Oxford University Press.
VA Clinician Appreciation, Recruitment, Education, Expansion, and Retention Support Act, S. 10, 118th Cong. (2023). https://www.congress.gov/118/bills/s10/BILLS-118s10is.pdf
2.           My response is no , because some people when got the job, they gonna took everything relax at work. That happen at the public service from Puerto Rico, like the politics, they contract people that cooperated with them on the campaign, but them doesn’t have the experience to do that type of work duties. In Puerto Rico at the capitol hills, contract people like families, friends of the same politics, and that people doesn’t have the studies for doing its work duties, and then the have to need to contract another person to help them to do the work duties. Also, that people have the best salaries for doing nothing at job. Finally,that is very sad because people like my friends that they are have studies and preparation don’t get at job in any place. 
In my agency “Protection and Advocacy of Puerto Rico”, in when we are helping people with disabilities, contract people with the studies necessaries for the work duties. For example, for getting the job you need to spend for a interview, then you recollect point is you have a master or PhD degrees is a point , if you have experience at the work is another point, if you are military, if you have disabilities, and then this determine if you was selected for the job. Finally, if you was selected your wages is according for the points that you recollected in your interview. Anda that is great and I am agree with that because is fair.
So, I think we are not supposed to have pay tied, because is a fault of respect to people like us that we have studies and/or another people with experience at the job. Also, this is unfair because if a gave the mile extra how as said in my country, and other people that are not doing nothing don’t should to have the same wages like me. I am doing this Doctor in Public Administration for getting a best job offer, for getting experience, for getting better my English, and because I want to become someday  in agency Director of any cultural agency , either disabilities rights agency, or non- profit organization. 
The perfect performance management is “ as it encompasses activities such as joint goal setting, continuous progress review and frequent communication , feedback and coaching for improved performance, implantations of employee development programs and rewarding achievements” (Sifunda, 2017)  My boss did that with us, she make a feedback our job, we have communication with her and she said to us in what area should be to improve our skills ,and in where areas we are working very well at job. Also, she said we have this goal to this month  we need to complete all, so if we can do it, I am going to give food that I cook at my house if we achieve the goal. And on that way we have two goals, complete with the job duties and then taste her food that she cooks for us. Finally, she gave us a photo with the Psalm 23 as said “. The Lord in my shepherd, I shall not want……. “ He restores my soul, He learns me in paths of righteousness for his name’s sake”.That bible’s verse make me feel in peace at the work and that motivate to me to work better at job. So , for that reason I think that this performance management is a great skills to lead a program. Because is a way to get the better feel of the employees to improve their skills at job, motivate to them to obtain training, and certification for getting better theirs job and be more efficient. In my work we are using mindfulness for motivate the employees of agency.  This activities help us to resolve the problems at job “ The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2001Links to an external site.) posits that positive emotions broaden our thought and action repertoire, which in turn is associated with better decision-making, problem-solving, and proactive behaviour (Fay & Sonnentag, 2012Links to an external site.; Hayward, Forster, Sarasvathy, & Fredrickson, 2010Links to an external site.).“ Finally, as said in the investigation the mindfulness is positive at jobs, because is a way of intervention in when reschedules our emotions of negative to positive and we can improve skills to being relaxed at job. In my agency one time on the month we have meeting of mindfulness or therapy in group, for how to motivate our partner at job, how we can help other people at job, and how to learn to fight with the burnout in our job and lives.
Reference: 
Sifuna-Evelia, M. (2017). Human resource management practices: A Biblical Perspective. Partridge Publishing Singapore.
Psalm 23 (KJV). (n.d.). Bible Gateway. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm%2023&version=KJVLinks to an external site.
Michel, A., Groß, C., Hoppe, A., González‐Morales, M. G., Steidle, A., & O’Shea, D. (2021). Mindfulness and positive activities at work: Intervention effects on motivation‐related constructs, sleep quality, and fatigue. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 94(2), 309–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12345

Apply concepts related to ethics in a specific, researched public administration

Apply concepts related to ethics in a specific, researched public administration

Apply concepts related to ethics in a specific, researched public administration case study. Whatever source is used for the actual case study must focus on a real-world public administration situation that is being discussed and analyzed in the chosen article.
The article can be qualitative or quantitative in nature, but it must specifically focus on the public administration context.
Remember to synthesize your research and findings with the required readings and presentations for this week and a Biblical/covenantal model of statesmanship, leadership and organizational behavior.
required readings:
https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1528&context=gov_fac_pubs&_ga=2.32023805.2101279360.1620655521-1397614022.1618237131
https://www.doi.gov/ethics/government-wide-ethics-laws
https://go.openathens.net/redirector/liberty.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.2753%2FPIN1099-9922130405
https://shibbolethsp.jstor.org/start?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fshibboleth.liberty.edu%2Fidp%2Fshibboleth&dest=https://www.jstor.org/stable/976801&site=jstor
https://liberty.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/openurl?institution=01LIBU_INST&vid=01LIBU_INST:Services&?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Ethics%20and%20Politics%20of%20Torture&rft.jtitle=Public%20Administration%20Review&rft.au=Einolf,%20Christopher&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.issn=0033-3352&rft.eissn=1540-6210&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=354&rft.epage=357&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/puar.12516&rft.externalDBID=n/a&rft.externalDocID=10_1111_puar_12516%C2%B6mdict=en-US

Using your previous area threat/backgrounder/policy options, explain to your key

Using your previous area threat/backgrounder/policy options, explain to your key

Using your previous area threat/backgrounder/policy options, explain to your key policymaker  what role EACH PLAYER ON THE NATIONAL SECURITY STAGE will play in implementing your policy recommendation in Assignment #2.  (attached). 
In other words, you need to explain each player in the National Security Enterprise to your new policymaker. What do they do, and how will they implement your recommendation? 
Use our course readings to describe for your new boss what each player does and how they will react to your policy recommendation. Let him/her know what to expect next. (Get creative; anticipate how this policy will play on the national security stage)   
Also, consult the attached template.
Although most comprehensive memos do not include citations, this one will. You need to cite ALL of your information. 
Do not copy the previous assignments in this one. Build on them, but do not repeat them.  
Technical Requirements
Your paper must be at a minimum of 10-12 pages (the Title and Reference pages do not count towards the minimum limit).
Scholarly and credible references should be used. A good rule of thumb is to use at least two scholarly sources per page of content.
Type in Times New Roman, 12 point, and double space.
Students will follow the current Turabian Style as the sole citation and reference style used in written work submitted as part of coursework. Make sure to include access dates as applicable.
Points will be deducted for using Wikipedia or encyclopedic-type sources. It is highly advised to utilize books, peer-reviewed journals, articles, archived documents, etc.

Please organize by the following prompts; with the main focus being San Bernardi

Please organize by the following prompts; with the main focus being San Bernardi

Please organize by the following prompts; with the main focus being San Bernardino community college district
1. Pick an Organization:  san Bernardino Community College district 
·     
organization
for which you will develop a strategic plan. This could be government agency or
anon-profit organization.
2. Environmental Analysis:
·     
Identify some internal and external threats
and opportunities of the chosen organization.
·     
Internal Analysis: Evaluate the
organization’s strengths and weaknesses. Could include financial resources, operational
capabilities, governance structure, or culture.
·     
External Analysis: Analyze the
organization’s operating environment. Utilize appropriate analytical tools such
as SWOT analysis.
3. Vision, Mission, and Values:
Develop a vision statement that defines the organization’s
aspirations.
Write a mission statement that outlines the purpose, values, and
core activities of the organization.
Define a set of core values that guide the organization.
4. Strategic Goals and Objectives:
Based on the environmental analysis and organizational vision,
mission, and values, establish strategic goals and SMART objectives
(Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound).
Ensure alignment between the goals and the organization’s vision and
mission.
5. Strategic Initiatives and Action
Plans:
Identify strategic initiatives and action plans to achieve the
established goals and objectives.
Develop detailed plans outlining the tasks, timelines, responsible
parties, and resource requirements for each initiative.
6. Implementation and Monitoring:
Discuss how the strategic plan will be implemented within the
organization.
Propose a monitoring and evaluation framework to track the progress
of strategic initiatives.
Identify key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the success of
the strategic plan.
7. Conclusion:
Offer a short reflection summary of the strategic planning process
and lessons learned from assignment.

Please use Topic 2:  Can Hong Kong effectively incorporate Economic, Social, and

Please use Topic 2: 
Can Hong Kong effectively incorporate Economic, Social,
and

Please use Topic 2: 
Can Hong Kong effectively incorporate Economic, Social,
and Environmental Sustainability into its Urban Planning Practice?
The report should contain:
Introduction
Literature
Review and theoretical framework
Case
Study
Data
Analysis / Findings
Conclusion
and Recommendation