Category: Psychology homework help

 
Post key highlights and takeaways from each of the self-assessments you compl

 
Post key highlights and takeaways from each of the self-assessments you completed this week. Then, respond to the following questions:
What insights did you gain and what did you learn about yourself, as a student and forensic psychology professional, through this process?
How might your increased self-awareness help you better prepare for—and navigate your way through—life as a graduate student in forensic psychology and further your progress as a professional in the field?
Although there is no specific word count required for Discussion posts, a good initial post can typically be expressed in 200–300 words. Regardless of length, posts should be reflective, substantive, and evidence based.
Read your colleagues’ postings.

Directions:   Examine 2 other learners’ posts. Your response needs to be focuse

Directions:   Examine 2 other learners’ posts. Your response needs to be focused on feedback on their ability to synthesize the requirements of the post by providing them support on the strengths and weaknesses of their original post to receive points.  Part of being a supervisor to be able to provide constructive feedback to help someone know what they can do to grow. 

 
Main Question Post
There is a wide array of different substance-related and a

 
Main Question Post
There is a wide array of different substance-related and addictive disorders available for providing a diagnosis to someone in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fifth edition (DSM-5). The overall idea of a substance-related disorder stems around the fact that the substances reinforce behaviors by providing a sense of reward in the person’s brain leading to symptoms surrounding not only behavioral changes but also cognitive and physiological changes as well (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The activation of the reward system in the brain is not just caused by substances but can also be caused from other addictive behaviors like gambling disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Therefore, when someone takes the substances or gambles, their brain provides them with a feeling of satisfaction not only mentally, but also sometimes physically. This feeling is what can lead people to become addicted because they continually seek out that sense of reward over and over again which can lead to a high tolerance causing people to take more substances or complete their addictive behavior more than before in order to achieve the same feeling (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). 
Some criteria used to distinguish substance-related disorders are changes in self-control, having social impairments, as well as partaking in the use of substances despite the level of risk (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These characteristics are associated with the person spending most of their time trying to obtain the substances and distancing themselves from their regular activities to partake in using the substances (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). This can involve the person waking up every day with their plan of obtaining the drugs and then using them regardless of what other duties they should be doing like being with family or going to work. Other characteristics would be things like not being able to cut down or stop the use and having difficulty with maintaining relationships (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Having a substance-related disorder is associated with detoxification, withdrawal, and repeated relapses (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). A person with one of these disorders finds themselves struggling to not use the substances leading to a withdrawal and if the person is substance free for a period of time, they often find themselves relapsing and using the substances again to relieve their withdrawal symptoms. 
Intoxication is caused from the use of the substances and can lead to multiple different effects like impairments in judgment, perception, or attention (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The use of different substances can cause different symptoms of intoxication, but some symptoms can be similar. For example, alcohol related symptoms of behavioral problems like aggression are similar to the aggressive symptoms found from sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic use disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Many of the symptoms from the use of different substances can lead to someone involving themselves with criminal behavior.
Howard et al. (2021) stated that having a substance use disorder is associated with having a higher risk of criminal behavior throughout a person’s entire life. Using substances can sometimes lead to the development of another mental disorder which is referred to as a substance-induced disorder like substance-induced psychotic disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). However, some disorders are found to be comorbid with a substance rather than induced by the substance itself and one commonly associated disorder is antisocial personality disorder (Howard et al., 2021). Having antisocial personality disorder and a substance use disorder put the person at a higher risk of criminal behavior due to the related symptoms of both disorders like disinhibition (Howard et al., 2021).
A common symptom of many substance-related disorders is aggression which can be a factor for the involvement of criminal behavior in those with these disorders. Many disorders, like alcohol use disorders, are associated with negative affectivity and disinhibition which means a person can have more intense negative emotions and a lack of inhibition which may lead to aggressive and violent behavior which can become criminal behavior (Cavicchioli et al., 2020). Substance use disorders are also associated with having impulsive tendencies which can also be a factor in the relationship of substance use disorders and criminal activity (Cavicchioli et al., 2020). Impulsivity can lead someone to take part in any behavior, especially risky behavior, and not think about the future consequences like getting in trouble with the law. There are also the consequences associated with a person trying to get the substances or money for the substances that can lead them to commit a criminal act such as prostitution or theft (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Having a substance-related or addictive disorder can present itself with some forensic implications like obtaining proper treatment. A study was completed that found that 26% of the sample of people in a correctional facility with a substance use disorder recidivated within one year (Blonigen et al., 2020). A similar percentage was found for veterans in a residential substance use treatment program who ended up recidivating once released from the program (Blonigen et al., 2020). Treatment for those with substance use disorders that are involved with the criminal justice system are not always tailored to match the needs of the individuals such as focusing on preventing recidivism (Blonigen et al., 2020). Veterans are especially vulnerable to the lack of focused treatment because they may suffer from specific traumas, like combat related PTSD, which was found to be a factor in recidivating therefore showing the need for interventions tailored to focus on helping prevent recidivism (Blonigen et al., 2020). It was also found that a lack of social support upon release from treatment is a factor in recidivism and those in treatment who lack interpersonal skills were found to not have many social supports outside of treatment (Blonigen et al., 2020). Therefore, if someone comes into treatment with a lack of interpersonal skills, they are at a high risk of having less support outside of treatment making it vital to tailor interventions towards gaining positive social skills to help them build supports to prevent recidivism. 
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596Links to an external site.
Blonigen, D. M., Macia, K. S., Smelson, D., & Timko, C. (2020). Criminal recidivism among justice-involved veterans following substance use disorder residential treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 106, 106357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106357Links to an external site.
Cavicchioli, M., Ramella, P., Movalli, M., Prudenziati, F., Vassena, G., Simone, G., & Maffei, C. (2020). DSM-5 maladaptive personality domains among treatment-seeking individuals with alcohol use disorder: The role of disinhibition and negative affectivity. Substance Use and Misuse, 55(11), 1746–1758. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2020.1762650Links to an external site.
Howard, R., Hasin, D., & Stohl, M. (2021). Substance use disorders and criminal justice contact among those with co‐occurring antisocial and borderline personality disorders: Findings from a nationally representative sample.Links to an external site. Personality and Mental Health, 15(1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1491Links to an external site.
Reply 

 
Carolyn Thomas
MondayJul 1 at 9:05pmManage Discussion Entry
Substance-related

 
Carolyn Thomas
MondayJul 1 at 9:05pmManage Discussion Entry
Substance-related and addictive disorders based on the DSM-5 and the scholarly articles found in this week’s Learning Resources.
Substance-related disorders include ten classes of drugs: alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens (phencyclidine and other hallucinogens), inhalants, opioids, sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics, stimulants (amphetamine-type substances, cocaine, and other stimulants), tobacco, and other/unknown substances. These drugs share the common trait of excessively activating the brain’s reward system, which leads to intense feelings of pleasure or a “high,” often resulting in the neglect of everyday activities (American Psychiatric Association,2013). Substance-related disorders are divided into two categories: substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders. Substance-induced conditions include intoxication, withdrawal, and other mental disorders such as psychotic, bipolar, depressive, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, sleep, sexual dysfunctions, delirium, and neurocognitive disorders(American Psychiatric Association,2013).
Substance use disorders are characterized by a range of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms, indicating that an individual continues using a substance despite significant problems caused by its use. This diagnosis applies to all substance classes listed in the DSM-5 except caffeine. Specific courses may have fewer or no symptoms specified, such as withdrawal from phencyclidine, other hallucinogens, and inhalants. A notable feature of substance use disorders is long-lasting changes in brain circuits, persisting beyond detoxification, especially in severe cases(American Psychiatric Association,2013). These changes often result in repeated relapses and intense drug cravings triggered by environmental cues, suggesting the need for long-term treatment approaches (McLellan et al., 2000, as cited by American Psychiatric Association,2013).
The diagnosis is based on a pathological pattern of behaviors related to substance use, grouped into four categories: impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria. According to the DSM-5, “Impaired control includes taking the substance in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended, unsuccessful attempts to cut down, spending significant time obtaining or recovering from the substance, and intense cravings. Social impairment involves failing to meet major obligations, continuing use despite social or interpersonal problems, and giving up important activities. Risky use includes using the substance in hazardous situations and continuing despite physical or psychological problems caused by the substance. For instance, Inhalant Use Disorder often begins in adolescence and can lead to serious health issues, including brain damage and cardiovascular problems. It is frequently associated with other substance use disorders and mental health conditions(Radparvar,2013). Pharmacological criteria include tolerance and withdrawal, though not all substances exhibit these symptoms.” Also, substance use disorders can vary in severity from mild to severe based on the number of symptoms present(American Psychiatric Association,2013,p.484&485). For instance, Chesire et al. (2023) also state that research has shown that the brain is primed for pleasure and pain relief, with specific areas providing strong euphoric feelings when stimulated. Substances can disrupt various behavioral functions, with effects varying by substance. For example, alcohol can impair reaction time and emotional stability, while heroin provides pain relief and euphoria. Stimulants can cause profound addiction and behavioral stimulation, and hallucinogens can produce diverse sensory experiences. There are similarities in the effects of different drugs on brain chemistry. 
According to Karim and Keysor (2024), “Substance use disorders (SUDs) are widespread, with approximately 14.8 million people misusing alcohol and around 2 million people suffering from an opioid use disorder. These disorders impose a significant burden on both individuals and society. In 2018, the total annual cost of opioid use disorder in the United States was estimated at $786.8 billion. Additionally, drug overdoses have become the leading cause of unintentional injury deaths in the country”(p.32). Chesire et al. (2023) state that substance use is analyzed in psychology from personality, social, and biological perspectives. Social and personality theories suggest that people with substance use disorders might struggle with stress tolerance, delaying gratification, social skills, isolation, risk-taking, and behavior regulation. Environmental factors like poverty and high-stress levels also contribute to substance use issues. Biological theories propose that genetic and conditioned sensitivities to substances and their effects may predispose individuals to these disorders. Those seeking relief from pain or increased pleasure may be at higher risk. Pain and euphoria are significant factors in substance use disorders. Pain can be physical or perceived, influenced by genetics, developmental issues, trauma, environment, and learning(Chesire et al.,2023). 
Some of the symptoms associated with substance-related and addictive disorders contribute to criminal behavior.
Substance-related and addictive disorders significantly contribute to criminal behavior through various avenues. Substance abuse often leads to cognitive impairments, increased impulsivity, financial strain, withdrawal symptoms, altered perceptions, and lower inhibitions from substances like alcohol, which can lead to erratic or aggressive actions. The compulsive nature of addiction drives drug-seeking behaviors involving criminal activities. When some seek out substances that are not available at home, such as illegal substances, that could lead them to associate with criminal networks to obtain illicit substances, exposing users to more criminal opportunities, neglect of responsibilities due to addiction can lead to crimes of omission, such as child neglect. When someone becomes addicted to drugs, they often become socially and economically marginalized, which can push individuals towards crime for survival. Also, if substance abuse disorder is co-morbid with other mental disorders and other risk factors, it can increase their chances of criminal recidivism. For instance, In a study by Dalbir et al. (2024), they addressed the prevalence of mental illness, substance use, and co-occurring disorders (CODs) among jail inmates,” finding that 20% had mental illness, 78% had substance use issues, and 17% had both. Only 19% of inmates had no problems with either. Mental illness predominantly co-occurred with substance use, affecting just 3% of inmates alone, whereas 61% had only substance use problems without mental illness. Also, regarding the impact on recidivism, inmates with mental illness were significantly more likely to return to jail, increasing the odds by 129%” (276-277).
Forensic psychological implications of substance-related and addictive disorders.
Substance-related and addictive disorders have significant forensic psychological implications, influencing various aspects of the criminal justice system and legal proceedings. These implications span a wide range of areas, including assessments of criminal responsibility and guilt, evaluations of competency to stand trial, considerations for mitigation in sentencing, and risk assessments for recidivism. 
The forensic psychological implications of substance-related and addictive disorders are huge because forensic professionals are tasked with balancing the need for justice with an understanding of the underlying issues of addiction, often influencing decisions about appropriate interventions, sentencing, and rehabilitation options for individuals with substance-related disorders involved in the criminal justice system  Forensic psychologists do this by providing treatment recommendations, conducting capacity evaluations, and addressing issues in child custody and family court matters related to substance use  Also, it evaluates workplace misconduct, assesses intoxication defenses, and contributes to specialized courts and pretrial intervention programs  Their expertise is valuable in providing testimony on addiction and behavior, helping legal professionals and jurors understand the complexities of substance use disorders  Additionally, forensic psychologists assess for fake illnesses, ensuring the authenticity of reported substance use problems in legal contexts. 
Also, the forensic psychologist’s job is to promote social change in every aspect of crime. Belenko (2019) emphasizes that treatment for substance use disorders in prisons and jails is generally not considered an optimal approach due to two main factors. First, incarceration has been shown to have adverse effects on individuals (Rose and Clear, 1998; Pager, 2007; Western et al., 2015). Second, imprisonment can increase the likelihood of future criminal behavior, a phenomenon known as the criminogenic impact of incarceration (Spohn and Halloran, 2002). Blenko (2019) suggests an ideal alternative is a community supervision system. Probation and parole officers should be crucial in encouraging and facilitating engagement with treatment services. Their responsibilities would include motivating offenders to abstain from drug use and criminal activities while also supporting the development of social connections and resources that aid in recovery, often referred to as social and recovery capital (Farrall, 2002; McNeill, 2006; Taxman, 2008; McNeill and Weaver, 2010).
References
Chesire, R. M., & Piotrowski, N. A. (2023). Substance use disorders. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health.
Belenko, S. (2019). The role of drug courts in promoting desistance and recovery: A merging of therapy and accountability. Addiction Research & Theory, 27(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2018.1524882
Dalbir, N., Wright, E. M., & Steiner, B. (2024). Mental Illness, Substance Use, and Co-Occurring Disorders among Jail Inmates: Prevalence, Recidivism, and Gender Differences  Corrections (2377-4657), 9(2), 264–286  https://doi.org/10.1080/23774657.2022.2090028
Karim, R., & Keysor, J. (2024). Substance Use Disorder Education in Physical Therapy Curricula. Journal of Allied Health, 53(1), 32–37.
Radparvar, S. (2023)  The Clinical Assessment and Treatment of Inhalant Abuse. Permanente Journal, 27(2), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/22.164
Reply 

Please see the attached document for specific instructions and critical elements

Please see the attached document for specific instructions and critical elements that need to be addressed. 

 1. Using the Al Gharaibeh article in this week’s required readings, choose one

 1. Using the Al Gharaibeh article in this week’s required readings, choose one of the major sections of the article to evaluate. The 4 major sections of a research article are:
1) Introduction/Literature Review
2) Methods
3) Results and
4) Discussion/Conclusion.
Use the ARTICLE EVALUATION GUIDE to critique the section you choose. Follow the directions in the guide on how many questions/prompts you are to respond to for the section you evaluate.
2. In addition, describe the measures of central tendency that are used in the article. Why did the author choose these and not other measures of central tendency?

 Buy Super Kamagra online, the proven remedy for improved performance and enjoym

 Buy Super Kamagra online, the proven remedy for improved performance and enjoyment that revitalizes your love life. Cheaptrustedpharmacy provides the current advantages of this breakthrough product in 100 words. Super Kamagra eliminates performance difficulties and provides enduring enjoyment. Our professional service delivers discreetly to your door so you may enjoy intimacy with confidence. Erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation shouldn’t stop you. Get the best sexual enhancement and rekindle your romance with cheaptrustedpharmacy Super Kamagra. Order today to experience new passion and satisfaction.

Super Kamagra (Sildenafil/Dapoxetine)

A Laboratory Study of Fear: The case of Peter
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Jone

A Laboratory Study of Fear: The case of Peter
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Jones/
Read the original journal article. 
     -Summarize the study similar to how you would write an annotated bibliography. 
     -Describe in detail the methods and participants. Describe weaknesses and any ethical issues that may be present. 
     -Suggest another culture where this study could be replicated and the steps that would need to be taken to replicate the study in that culture. Describe specific barriers such as language differences, oral vs. written culture, gender or other social norms, attitudes toward research or researchers that may exist in that culture.

 How does student disregard for civility impede learning? As part of your respon

 How does student disregard for civility impede learning? As part of your response, select two examples of student behaviors that impede learning and affect classroom management.  In your examples, identify who the constituencies are that are impacted by these behaviors? What may you need to consider before imposing rules, procedures, or policies that can be used to discuss, teach, and This week you will need to read:Marzano
Introduction
Nilson
Chapter 5
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter enforce student behavior?  
Disregard for Civility:
How does student disregard for civility impede learning?

Student Behaviors Impede Learning:
As part of your response, select two examples of student behaviors that impede learning.
Name the constituencies that are impacted by these behaviors.
Factors you need to consider before imposing rules, procedures, or policies.
Factors that can be used to discuss, teach, and enforce student behavior.

Student Behaviors Affect Classroom Management:
As part of your response, select two examples of student behaviors that affect classroom management. 
Name the constituencies that are impacted by these behaviors.
Factors you need to consider before imposing rules, procedures, or policies.
Factors that can be used to discuss, teach, and enforce student behavior.

Concluding paragraph:

References
No less than 3—at least 1 being from textbook. Use APA stylePosted by: Andrea Thompson
Posted to: Classroom Management EDU742G3-103042024
The book is teaching at it’s best Hard copy

Respond to two of your colleagues’ posts by providing an alternative assessment appropriate for assessing Ms. Arias not already listed in the post

Respond to two of your colleagues’ posts by providing an alternative assessment appropriate for assessing Ms. Arias not already listed in the post.
Note: Your responses to colleagues should be substantial (250 words minimum), supported with scholarly evidence from your research and/or the Learning Resources, and properly cited using APA style. Your responses should enrich the initial post by supporting and/or adding a fresh viewpoint and be constructive, enhancing the learning experience for all students.