Category: Psychology 2075

Psychology suggests multiple theories on determining persons career predispositions, considering various factors, including upbringing, hobbies, character, etc. Job advisers often push their clients to make judgements they might not be ready for, which can frequently lead to impulsive decisions. Planned happenstance philosophy has changed traditional occupation counselling, suggesting that it is normal to leave some things unplanned. The essay will demonstrate personal experience of how the approach of chance events can be executed and perceived through the clients perspective.

Planned happenstance model is a rather experimental strategy that contradicts conventional counselling models. According to Mitchell et al. (1999), counsellors should support clients indecisiveness, constructing their work upon such feeling and reassuring that exploratory behaviours that are more likely to lead to exploring desired job openings. Such thesis suggests that unpredictable social circumstances are, in fact, vital to the development in the professional area, allowing exploration of career opportunities.

Reflecting on my vocation path has reinvented the road I have taken and demonstrated a chain of chance events that led to the place I am currently at. Upon moving to Canada, I started at a fast-food restaurant Tim Hortons, which was the first step to realizing what profession I need. After the service industry, I have completely changed the direction and was hired at a Glenrose Rehabilitation center as a clerk, which led to the desire of working within social services and education. The persistence and hard work led to the new job offer at a nursing home as a health care aide and simultaneous employment as an educator in a Daycare center.

Being able to work in healthcare service and willingness to develop encouraged me to apply to the public school, to become a certified professional and get hired permanently. I am assured the persistence of the character has become the determining factor in my road to success. I have been continually improving myself in hard and soft skills to receive the position of my desire. My current employment requires constant flexibility each day and an ethical approach. Being an educational assistant, the job offers new challenges each day, usually receiving valuable experience. Flexibility is an essential trait, as a job frequently involves responsibilities outside the original position, where successful completion leads to broader career prospects.

Curiosity is a trait that allows for faster occupation development because such people are not afraid to ask questions and usually more adaptable and open to change. Though at times my curiosity was perceived as a negate trait, I believe it majorly contributed to my fast acquisition of the desired position, especially in the case with the offering of my job at a nursing home. Similarly, willingness to take risks can frequently lead to greater opportunities, which people are often afraid of, only seeing such traits adverse outcomes. My willingness and ability to adapt and complete out-of-the-box assignments have become a major constituent of my transition from a clerk to an educational assistant.

I believe that optimistic people are often more resilient and robust to stress. Based on my example, if I had always become angry or frustrated with each minor mistake at the job, I would close myself from all possible openings and chances. Therefore, chance events led me to my current life  a career that I am proud of and continue to excel in. All the aforementioned traits and their presence in my character positively affected my job and helped me acquire my accomplishments.

Personal examples can significantly help clients become inspired in their abilities and rely on the chance events in their profession. Taking chances is proved to lead to faster growth and development of extravert traits, advance skills and making new connections, all because of chance events (Chowdhury, 2019). The demonstration of the benefits of relying on planned happenstance theory will allow for a practical application of this method, showcasing concrete instances instead of abstract concepts.

Krumboltzs concept of planned happenstance includes some disadvantages when applied to certain clients. People who tend to plan and control everything might feel trapped and unhappy with the presented framework. Understandable that failure is one of the most feared outcomes among both the clients and counsellors; however, undervalued as an outcome of career decision making and must be communicated among both parties (Mitchell, Al Levin, & Krumboltz, 1999). Therefore, such a disadvantage can be transmitted into reassurance, helping a client to become more flexible to the external factors.

Among the most valuable advantages, the real-life example of how chance theory contributed to career development may assure the clients of its effectiveness. The qualities mentioned above were Krumboltzs primary traits believed in capitalizing on planned happenstance and uncertainty into an opportunity (Hirschi & Valero, 2017). Hence, integrating key theoretical knowledge with practical examples can aid the client address and overcome the most concerning uncertainty issues and allow them to trust the planned happenstance concept in their vocation expansion.

Planned Happenstance career idea offers an unusual approach to profession counselling, requiring to focus on unplanned events to find proficient opportunities. Krumboltzs thesis is a valuable tool for those who fear the unknown or unsure of their job desires. The example of personal vocation development and application of primary theory traits a counsellor may assure of he planned happenstance effectiveness. Although there are many advantages to the framework, in some instances, people with particular character traits or traditional advisers might not support the philosophy, relying on more concrete and assuring strategies.

References

Chowdhury, F. (2019). How Planned Happenstance can help your career.

Hirschi, A., & Valero, D. (2017). Chance events and career decidedness: Latent profiles in relation to work motivation. The Career Development Quarterly, 65(1), 215.

Mitchell, K. E., Al Levin, S., & Krumboltz, J. D. (1999). Planned Happenstance: Constructing unexpected career opportunities. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77(2), 115124.

Bill is a 19-year-old male with an 8-year-old history of heavy drinking, whose alcohol abuse requires specific treatment and professional counseling. Sue et al. (2016) recommend the biopsychosocial model as a good approach to understanding the patients behavior, covering the existing biological, psychological, and social factors. The chosen model helps recognize the complexity of the problem, learn the reasons for his psychological disturbance, and define the most if it is possible to manage external and internal influences.

Biological factors like genetics and the damaged central nervous system explain Bills behavior. His father died at an early age because of serious alcohol dependence. Bill also drinks a lot to pass out, and his need for alcohol emerges when he is anxious. The combination of several mental disorders leads to nervous breakdowns. Psychological factors include personality, emotions, coping skills, and cognition. His family history is depressing because of his fathers and grandfathers deaths and constant reminders from his mother and older sister that he is a black sheep in the family. The lack of male support might provoke poor emotional control, disruptive thinking (anxiety) affects his cognition, and no professional support explains his wrong beliefs and ineffective attachments. Finally, social factors play an important role in Bills life because his friends and family determine who Bill is in most cases. The man does not have serious love relationships, and his friends drink alcohol regularly. He visits local bars not to listen to reproaches at home.

The ways how Bill establishes the relationships cannot solve his alcohol dependence and find other alternatives. People should address professional help if they cannot find support from friends and family members, which is Bills case. Applying the biopsychosocial model is a unique chance to understand that most mental health disorders do not have one particular trigger but depend on various factors and contributions, including biology, society, and psychology.

Reference

Sue, D., Sue, D. W., Sue, S., & Sue, D. M. (2016). Understanding abnormal behavior (11^th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Introduction

Fear for ones health and the well-being of loved ones, financial stress, economic instability, and social isolation creates an ideal habitat for triggers that threaten mental health. Psychologists are asked to devote time to physical and psychological states in such a difficult time. Today it is important to remember that health is not just the absence of disease and not just a good physical condition. Stress is one of the leading causes of most diseases, so in todays world, it is important to be able to take care of oneself and let oneself relax.

Reading Relaxes

Often, to limit the enormous information flow on which modern society rests, abstracting is necessary. Reading is an excellent way to relax the brain and a relatively common and healthy way to relieve stress. It awakens creativity and an intense sense of empathy, making the brain escape reality. Research also shows that reading can improve sleep schedules, helping relax and unwind in preparation for a good nights rest (Carvalho, 2021). Thanks to reading, one can feel relief and deliverance from pressing worries and problems. Reading is an affordable, stress-relieving activity that can be included in any time slot, even if it is only five minutes long or part of the bedtime routine.

Meditation as a Popular Way of Self Care

Meditation can be another way to feel calm and peaceful and forget about difficulties. Meditation is a healthy form of self-care, and experts say it is a valuable treatment to the fast pace of technology-driven culture. Meditation does more than help calm down and relieve stress, though it can do both. Meditation helps one see the contents of mind and heart, understand how one builds the world, and understand the pain one carries with greater clarity, compassion, and acceptance. Thus, meditation can change attitudes toward oneself, others, and the world around you.

Eating Comfort Food Helps Staying Happy

Emotional solid states cause them to turn to comfort foods to feel safe and in control. Comfort food has a nostalgic or sentimental value to a person. For example, the usual food from childhood is associated with comfort, due to which the mental state improves if, for example, it is a difficult day. However, eating comfort food at any time can positively affect a persons condition. It is also one of the ways to take care of oneself, as it allows to maintain life satisfaction.

Music Therapy

Self-care and music therapy go hand in hand, providing relaxation, reduced anxiety, and increased self-awareness and awareness. The pleasure of pleasant music, and everyone has their own, is associated with areas of the brain responsible for emotions. Music can influence the release of dopamine and oxytocin, which cause satisfaction and joy (Reybrouck & Eerola, 2022). Thus, listening to favorite music can lift spirits and is one way to take care of oneself.

Conclusion

Stress management and self-soothing techniques are critical to surviving in todays living environment, no matter what it is aimed at. Many practices will help one cope with stress based on taking care of oneself and mental and physical condition. Taking care of mental health looks different for everyone. Some easy ways to unwind daily include reading a book, listening to music, meditating, eating comfort food, and more. There is no right or wrong way to care for mental health as long as the person feels comfortable.

References

Carvalho, L. B. (2021). Optimizing behavior strategies for sleep. Sleep Medicine and Physical Therapy, 335344. Web.

Reybrouck, M., & Eerola, T. (2022). Musical enjoyment and reward: From hedonic pleasure to eudaimonic listening. Behavioral Sciences, 12(5), 154. Web.

Introduction

It is important to note that personality is a term referring to differences between individuals when it comes to their behaviors, emotions, and thoughts. The given assessment is concerned with my personality viewed under the lenses of Freudian and Adlerian psychodynamic frameworks, the social learning theory, and Maslows personality theory of humanism. By thoroughly analyzing my personality within the contexts of both psychodynamic and non-psychodynamic theories, it became apparent that Freudian and Adlerian theoretical models provide the most comprehensive explanation.

Issues with Modern Non-Psychodynamic Theoretical Views On Personality

The main reason why my personality is best explained through psychodynamic theories is that modern theoretical views on personality have major flaws. Firstly, Maslows personality theory of humanism is centered around Maslows hierarchy or pyramid of needs. It states that human needs are prioritized, where ones failure to satisfy his or her basic needs means that he or she will not be able to pursue the higher ones (Pau et al., 2020). These needs from bottom to top are physiological, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization (Pau et al., 2020). For example, if a person is hungry or does not feel safe, he or she will not care about love and belongingness before the basic needs are met.

The problem with why this theory does not explain my personality is that I have my safety and physiological needs satisfied and have been in such a state since I was born. In addition, I always felt loved and connected due to my family and friends. However, I regularly find it difficult to find the motivation to exercise, read, and self-improve despite the fact these actions would give me more esteem as I am supposed to pursue, according to Maslow. Exercising would give me strength and self-esteem, whereas being more knowledgeable and financially secure would boost my self-respect as well as respect from others. Regardless, I tend to procrastinate and pursue physiological needs more often, such as shopping for leisure or ordering food, even though I am not hungry. Therefore, I find it difficult to explain my behavior and thought process through the given theory.

The same observation can be made concerning another modern non-psychodynamic concept of the social learning theory. The psychological perspective of social learning theory suggests that behavior is learned through peer association and the biosocial perspective (Fox, 2017, p. 22). For instance, a criminal is a person who is influenced by social and environmental factors. Thus, such activities are the direct result of nurture rather than nature. In other words, an individuals personality is the result of environmental influences from the perspective of social learning theory. However, it does not explain my personality of being impulsive and addictive even though my social surrounding does not necessarily exhibit similar patterns of behavior. I find it difficult to explain through the theory why my parents are pragmatic individuals, whereas I am prone to live in the realm of imagination. It is possible that social conditioning and learning processes are impacted by the internet and media as well, but my social circle and I share only a fraction of common hobbies and interests.

Freudian and Adlerian Psychodynamic Theoretical Models

Both Freudian and Adlerian theoretical models are psychodynamic frameworks, which were selected together since both provide insight into my personality, especially concerning the problematic areas. Sigmund Freuds explanation on Id, Ego, and Superego provides a deeper insight into why I tend to have an addictive and impulsive personality. The psychodynamic theory and counseling approach was historically developed by Sigmund Freud due to his early works on hysteria in the late 1890s. At the beginning of the 20th century, Freud developed his core theories based on the case of hysteria, which was focused on the explanation where the issue is the result of a past traumatic experience rather than a physical factor (Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2018). In other words, unconscious and hidden problems of the memory affect a persons current state, where the manifestation is the hysteria itself.

My personality is best explained through Id, Ego, and Superego. I likely have a strong Id compared to my Superego, which results in my Ego resolving this conflict by being more biased toward the Id. For example, even though I know that exercise is good for me mentally and physically through my Superego, I find clever excuses to engage in it because the urge not to do it is stronger due to a more powerful Id. As a result, my Ego is forced to find a compromise in favor of my Id, where it comes up with reason and logic for why I should not exercise.

The basis of all assumptions of the psychodynamic theory is rooted in the notion that all behavioral issues originate from the unconscious part of the mind. In other words, the concept can be called psychic determinism, which emphasizes the fact that all behavioral patterns and elements of behavior have a causal origin, and thus, they do not emerge on their own (Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2018). One of the most critical phases of human development is a persons childhood, which has the strongest and long-lasting impact on the behavioral aspects of an individual. The psychodynamic theory accentuates that ones psyche is comprised of three major components, which are Superego, Ego, and Id (Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2018). These elements of the mind are tightly interconnected and play a major role in shaping a persons behavior, and the corresponding issues are the result of problems that originate from these parts of the psyche.

The key concepts of Alfred Adlers theoretical approach revolve around the notion of belongingness. The author argued that inferiority is an integral part of human development, which is why all people seek to be validated, accepted, and connected (Myers & DeWall, 2020). In other words, childhood is a highly critical period not due to psychosexual development, as Sigmund Freud argued, but due to psychosocial development, where children are inherently inferior, which imposes a certain degree of stress and feeling. Adlers theory connects all aspects of human behavior with my lifestyle  a combination of modes of behavior, habits, and human traits that determine the individual picture of my existence.

Therefore, my lifestyle is based on the concepts of inferiority and compensation. As already indicated, in early childhood, I probably felt inferior, and this encouraged me to want to compensate for my weakness. The lifestyle was firmly established at an early age and became the core of future behavior. For example, my desire to raise my intellectual level predetermined a predominantly sedentary lifestyle, where I am more interested in reading and thinking than exercising.

Conclusion

In conclusion, psychodynamic theories explain my personality better than non-psychodynamic models. It became apparent that Freudian and Adlerian theoretical models provide the most comprehensive explanation by thoroughly analyzing my personality within the contexts of both psychodynamic and non-psychodynamic theories. My addictive and impulsive personality is due to my childhood inferiority as well as my strong Id compared to my Superego. Although it is difficult to determine what caused such a childhood trauma, it still provides a cohesive understanding of my personality.

References

Fox, B. (2017). Its nature and nurture: Integrating biology and genetics into the social learning theory of criminal behavior. Journal of Criminal Justice, 49, 2231.

Myers, D. G., & DeWall, N. C. (2020). Psychology (13^th ed.). Worth Publishers.

Pau, K., Ahmad, A., & Tang, H. Y. (2020). Crisis, disaster, and trauma counseling: Implications for the counseling profession. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(8), 736-739.

Sommers-Flanagan, J. & Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2018). Counseling and psychotherapy theories in context and practice: Skills, strategies, and techniques (3^rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons.

Safeguarding tendencies denote Adlers belief that people develop behavioral patterns for protecting personal feelings against public criticism. Excuses, aggression, and withdrawal are the three most common tendencies outlined by the scholar and represent different types of approaches that people use for the purpose of shielding themselves from public disgrace. The result of a lifestyle that is based on safeguarding implies the lack of understanding of how to meet criticism correctly and learn from mistakes. As mentioned in Proverb 19:20, it is imperative to accept instruction and listen to what others may advise as in the end you will be wise. Connecting Adlers approach with the Scriptures teachings can reveal that safeguarding is very common and should not be overlooked.

Excuses are the most common, usually implying blaming someone else for completing or not completing the desired action. A person may use such phrases as if only or yes, but to justify either action or inaction that has been met with disapproval. The deception of the serpent is the most notable example of an excuse mentioned in the Bible. In Genesis 3:12-13, it says, Then the Lord God said to the woman, what is this you have done? And the woman said, the serpent deceived me, and I ate [the apple]. Such an example illustrates a person blaming someone else for an improper action. If the safeguarding tendency was not used, the woman could have taken responsibility for her actions and acknowledged the wrongdoing.

Aggression is a safeguarding tendency, which is most commonly used to protect oneself from a superiority complex. Aggressive behaviors may range from accusation to severe criticism, thus showing negative attitudes toward others. It is common for people to be spiteful about the matters of others as well as be depreciative, as Adler had mentioned (as cited in Clark, 1999). Proverbs 15:1 states, a gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. The excerpt teaches people to be kind to others, and they would do the same in return. Aggression is never the answer to criticism, nor can it prevent anger in the long-run. Being respectful and kind to people regardless of their opinions can help foster positive relationships with them, bring peace and understanding.

Withdrawal is the third type of safeguarding tendency associated with protecting oneself and developing a distance from other people. There are four approaches to withdrawal, moving backward, standing still, hesitating, and constructing obstacles, all of which are intended from creating a gap between critics and the one being critiqued (Clark, 2000). Titus 3:10 says, as for a person who stirs up division, after warning him once and then twice, have nothing more to do with him. The verse teaches people to get closer to one another to develop a sense of belonging and comradery. Division can lead to further misunderstandings that create barriers and ignite opposition.

To conclude, Adlers safeguarding tendencies all describe the ways in which people can respond to external negativity. The behaviors characterizing safeguarding are rather ineffective in fostering positive relationships with people, furthering criticism and negativity. The examples from the Scripture have all pointed to the importance of being kind and accepting of others regardless of their flaws. Such a holistic approach toward the world can foster self-esteem and encourage authentic feelings that improve life quality.

References

Clark, A. (1999). Safeguarding tendencies: A clarifying perspective. Journal of Individual Psychology, 55(1), 72-81.

Clark, A. (2000). Safeguarding tendencies: Implications for the counseling process. Journal of Individual Psychology, 56(2), 192.

Rorschach Inkblot Test was created by Hermann Rorschach, a prominent Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst and the follower of Freud and Jung. The date of the test creation is 1921 (Schachtel, 2013). The original Rorschach Inkblot Test was set of 40 bisymettrical inkblots that seemed formless. However, later, to reduce the printing costs, only 10 standard inkblots pictures were left. The remaining pictures demonstrated the ultimate results in patients mental condition diagnostics. The pictures had different shapes and various colors depicted on them. Five blots were black and white. Two blots were black and red and white. Three blots were multicolored. The test was created with the objective to perform clinical diagnosis of psychiatric patients in mind.

The outcomes of the test intended by Rorschach amount to patients mental condition data collection (Schachtel, 2013). The scholars idea behind the test creation was his hypothesis that the observation and evaluation of bisymettrical inkblots by psychiatric patients would help reveal the aspects of their mental condition and personality (Coon & Mitterer, 2013).

The ambiguous stimuli intended in bisymettrical inkblots were expected to identify an individuals emotional condition, cognitive process, motives, drivers, and defenses (Schachtel, 2013). Applying the ambiguous pictures to the mental patients, Rorschach aimed to assess their psychological mechanisms of coping with ambiguity in life (Coon & Mitterer, 2013). He was interested in how they perceive the world around them and how they process and respond to the new information (Schachtel, 2013).

The mechanism of testing with the help of inkblots was very simple. A subject was given a card with ambiguous shapes developed with the help of inkblots and asked a simple question of what was defected at the picture (Coon & Mitterer, 2013). All replies were carefully written and evaluated with the help of criteria elaborated by Rorschach. Basically, the criteria was aimed at assessing whether the subject identified the whole object depicted or its part only; to what shapes and colors the person responded; whether the subject saw an animated or not animated object; and whether the patient was able to see the entire shape of the object and interpret it or only its parts (Schachtel, 2013). Rorschach also evaluated the family members with the help of the inkblot test to acquire a better understanding of the social environment and social stimuli the patient was subject to.

The subjects the test was performed on were 300 mental patients (Schachtel, 2013). Rorschach created this test for the patients having schizophrenia. However, later scholars and researchers found that it provided much better results in other area of mental science specialty, which is the projective test of personality (Schachtel, 2013). Nowadays, the test has its implementation in the area of forensic assessment to evaluate the criminals mental condition as well as the victims one (Schachtel, 2013).

During his life, Rorschach could not elaborate the test to optimize its value because he died early, only after a short time since publishing his main paper addressing the inkblot test (Schachtel, 2013). Other researchers continued to upgrade his work by developing scoring systems and perfecting the evaluation criteria. The most prominent specialists who made significant contribution in Rorschachs project development were Klopher, Beck, and Exner (Schachtel, 2013). In the United States, the Exner system received the best feedback. Today, it is widely implemented in the mental health specialists practice.

References

Coon, D., & Mitterer, J. (2013). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior with concept maps and reviews (13th ed.). London: Cengage Learning.

Schachtel, E. G. (2013). Experiential foundations of Rorschachs test. London: Routledge.

After failing the first time in any area of life, it is always encouraged that someone tries a second time. Quitting can protect a person from potential failure and possible victory or happiness. On October 22^nd, 2015, a freshman, Annie Danielson, meets a 65 sophomore basketball college athlete at the University of Maine, whose sight captures her attention. Annie is originally from Oakland, California, where she has lived her entire life. Being far from home can be difficult for many but not the enthusiastic Annie. Her college decision created a two-week rift between her and her parents. According to her father, Mr. Danielson, There are more capable schools here in California than in other states.

During her teenage life, Annie suffered from depression, anxiety, and at some point, drug addiction. Being the only child in her family, she was always allowed her way. When she started being attracted to boys at school, she would ask her mother, Is it okay if I ask him out? Her mother encouraged, Yes, my beautiful girl. Do not fear and remain true to yourself. Even though Mr. Danielson was skeptical, he permitted her to pursue such relationships. Only promise me that you will not get hurt, he would say. As a sophomore in high school, Annie showed interest in Tommy, a sophomore.

Tommy was popular in school, a high school football team quarterback, and dreamed of getting to the National Football League. He repeatedly told his teammates, I will play for the Niners in the NFL. Girls in the school would try to get his attention but to no avail. He once told his best friend, My eyes, for now, are just for one girl only. Funnily, Tommy had a crush on Annie and always wondered how he would approach her. On a Friday evening after team practice, Annie walked toward Tommy and asked, Do you mind sparing a minute or two? He answered in excitement, Not at all! Follow me. They walked back to the playfield to get some privacy. After three minutes of Annie trying to gather the right words to explain how she felt about Tommy, he asked her, Will you be my girlfriend? They both giggled as he waited for her response.

Annie accepted the proposal and dated it for three months before an issue from Tommys home emerged. His parents were getting divorced, which meant he was vulnerable as he could not determine where he lived. Since his mother had custody and chose to move to Alabama, Tommy would go with her. Despite begging his parents to reconsider, his mother claimed, There is nothing I can do. He did not understand how he could break the news to his future NFL wife, as he usually called her.

At the start of the summer of 2013, as other students left school for the holidays, Tommy was forced to move to Alabama. Pack your things and get ready. We cannot afford to be late, his mother reminded. Faced with the difficulty of explaining the situation to Annie, he chose not to tell anyone in school about his issue. Without a call to Annie, he traveled with his mother to their new residence, hoping to start afresh. The situation haunted him, noticeable from his changed eating habits and social life. His mother felt inadequate as she could not return to California. After three weeks of constantly trying to reach him through the mobile phone, Annie started getting worried and visited his previous home in Oakland.

That is what happened, Annie. Tommys father explained everything to her, and while she seemed calm and understanding, she could not wait to reach home and cry her eyes dry. The next few days were difficult for her as she failed to believe it was happening, It does not seem real mom. This presented a loophole for her friends at school to introduce drugs into her life. Why dont you try this? It will help with the pain as long as your parents dont discover, her friend Jessica insisted. Annie accepted and did that throughout the entire half of the summer without her parents knowing. However, the change in her behavior was noticeable, which made them curious. Her mother told Mr. Danielson, There is something I do not understand about her. After investigation, he discovered that her only child had chosen drugs to escape her painful moments.

Mr. Danielson spoke with her, I understand what you have undergone the past few weeks, but it is not a reason enough to choose drugs. I am willing to pay for your therapy, and together with your mother, I will support you. She sobbed continuously for about thirty minutes in her fathers arms. After receiving guidance and counseling from a professional, she returned to her usual happy and energetic personality. However, since then, her parents have not allowed her to be involved in any intimate relationship. They always remember the events after their child was heartbroken, could not heal and chose drugs.

Even though this is understandable from a parents perspective, Annie felt constrained while in high school. Going to college offered her a chance to be free from her parents. She felt stronger and ready for another relationship as she still believed that she could still succeed in one. Meeting Sean, a sophomore at the University of Maine, reminded her of her previous relationship in high school. However, she trusted that she was capable of fighting adversity. The moral of the story is that failing in any aspect of life for the first time does not mean one should quit. It is a chance to learn how to handle issues differently and attempt again.

Introduction

Being proactive is essentially willingly starting a behavior or setting up conditions that address issues before they develop. People that develop this habit frequently foresee requirements, developments, or prospective outcomes related to situations and occurrences. As a result, they frequently accept challenges or put themselves in advantageous positions. There is also an increasing tendency in the modern world for the emergence of proactiveness (Eskisu, 2021). This is seen in a variety of contexts, including business, healthcare, and daily life. Being proactive offers a sense of control over any circumstance one may run into and enables the other person to determine his or her unique position. Being proactive is one of the key habits that influence both professional and personal growth in different settings.

Statement

This habit was picked because it is significant and useful in a range of contexts. Individually proactive people typically have distinctive traits that set them apart from others. They most frequently show up in the areas of initiative, resilience, purposefulness, and a growth-oriented mentality (Sun et al., 2021). The relevance of this practice also stems from the advantages it offers. Being proactive empowers someone by highlighting the advantage of forging their own paths to success. As a result of their success-oriented growth attitude, active people are frequently less prone to complacency (Wang et al., 2018). Being proactive is considering any potential challenges that may arise in a certain situation. An inventive individual anticipates hurdles and takes steps to avoid them or mitigate their impact, such as performing additional tasks beyond what is immediately required. Most notably, leadership traits are frequently demonstrated by proactivity. When peers see active individuals as thought leaders that other employees go to for advice, protection, and assistance, this can promote advancement within a different environment.

Literature Review

Multiple research is available on the different aspects and settings where proactivity contributes to different positive developments. For instance, Eskisu (2021) research the habit of being proactive through the relationship with parenting and psychological well-being. The study emphasizes the concept of resilience, which is a vital part of the habit. This is demonstrated by the fact that a resilient individual is less inclined to quit when presented with challenges. The study demonstrated that the detrimental effects of parenting on psychological well-being and psychological resilience diminished as the amount of proactiveness grew (Eskisu, 2021). The studys findings suggest that being proactive helps people be aware of their living situations, deal with them actively, actively adapt to change, and exhibit reduced resistance to change after change and innovation brought on by parenting (Eskisu, 2021). In these settings, being proactive fully entails the concept of resilience.

There is a wide applicability of the habit in different settings. Astudy conducted by Oldham et al. (2020) illustrates the different environments where the habit can be implemented. Specifically, the research was conducted in healthcare settings, implementing a proactive intervention. The results revealed showed that in psychiatry, proactive team counseling boosts nurse and doctor satisfaction and may possibly lessen professional burnout (Oldham et al., 2020). Productivity needs in healthcare institutions have been stressed frequently and in a variety of ways. The long-term aspect of the habit is highlighted in this particular study. The fundamental tenet of the authors argument is that the advancement of patient-centered care will be favorably impacted by a proactive strategy for health treatments (Oldham et al., 2020). This was a great example of how the habit may be used in many contexts.

Several perspectives can be used to illustrate the importance of being proactive. Another interesting study was presented by Sun et al. (2021), implying the importance of habit from an organizational setting. The results of the research help to develop a more thorough and well-rounded theory of the proactive personalitys impact on businesses. The authors key hypothesis became that the employees high relative position in the group, which exposes him or her to jealousy from other employees, is seen to be positively correlated with the active personality of the employee (Sun et al., 2021). This study essentially highlighted the aspect of empowerment. The outcomes did, in fact, highlight the significance of this factor since initiative helps to build self-confidence and deal with a variety of scenarios (Sun et al., 2021). The manifestation of the initiative should be seen favorably and have an impact on the growth of the company, which was also made possible by the organizational settings that were selected.

During the times of pandemic, job markets and its repercussions became a crucial topic for research, and the emphasis on the aspect of goal orientation highlighted the importance of the habit. The research by Wang et al. (2018) deals with the subject of being proactive in terms of benefits in the job market. This shows up in the choice of employment, where the low-paid worker will feel safer at work, creating the circumstances for increasing his level of production (Wang et al., 2018). To do this, it is critical to increase the psychological ties that low performers have to their jobs, including work attachment and proactiveness.

Conclusion

The chances of developing both personally and professionally can be increased by being proactive. Highly motivated workers who consistently strive to improve, solve or foresee difficulties, are productive, and have the ability to create productive environments are highly valued by many organizations. The benefits of this habit have been underlined throughout several research, as well as its evaluation under diverse settings. This guarantees that forming this habit is essential for constructive development.

References

Eskisu, M. (2021). The Role of Proactive Personality in the Relationship among Parentification, Psychological Resilience, and Psychological Well-Being. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 8(2), 797813.

Oldham, M. A., Walsh, P., Maeng, D. D., Zagursky, J., Stewart, K., Hawkins, S. M., & Lee, H. B. (2020). Integration of a proactive, multidisciplinary mental health team in hospital medicine improves provider and nursing satisfaction. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 134, 110112.

Sun, J., Li, W. D., Li, Y., Liden, R. C., Li, S., & Zhang, X. (2021). Unintended consequences of being proactive? Linking proactive personality to coworker envy, helping, and undermining, and the moderating role of prosocial motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(2), 250.

Wang, H. J., Demerouti, E., Blanc, P. L., & Lu, C. Q. (2018). Crafting a job in tough times: When being proactive is positively related to work attachment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(3), 569-590.

In the preface of his book, Zimbardo reveals a number of justifications for why he carried out the Stanford Prison Experiment. A significant portion of his motivation for writing this work came from the Abu Ghraib Prison Trial when he served as an independent expert for Sergeant Ivan Chip Frederick (Zimbardo x). The latter was a prison guard found guilty of the numerous tortures and killings of the captives that took place there. Such a context allows assuming that Zimbardo could be biased during his narrations creation. He was directly involved in the experiment, which adds an exact extent of subjectivity to the authors arguments.

The boundaries of ones own power, contextual power, and systemic power should be understood in order to completely comprehend peoples behavior and prevent unwanted conduct. The modern culture treats wrongdoers as though they committed their crimes in a vacuum, free from contextual and systemic effects. Zimbardo recommends adopting a public health-style approach to resolving the issues of unwanted behavior by comprehending the circumstances that lead to individual actors committing crimes and correcting the environment in which such crimes are perpetrated. His primary purpose of writing the book was the justification of the latter idea. He gives several examples to illustrate his argument that a person may be persuaded to act evilly under the right circumstances. He even includes instances from his own youth, when he was raised in misery in the Bronx and saw his close friends fall victim to the Banality of Evil (Zimbardo xiii). Such an approach, again, is related to Zimbardos personal experience, which implies subjectivity and the related bias.

However, the readers can also be biased while reading the book. The theme is related to the theme of captivity, prison, and criminals. The public mind is considerably affected by the stereotypes about one who breaks the law and goes to jail. It is usually pre-assumed that such people are evil in nature, and their freedom should undoubtedly be limited. Nevertheless, not all of them are that bad  there are many cases of unintended crimes, mistakes within the justice system, and adverse effects of the environment in which they exist.

Work Cited

Zimbardo, Philip. The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. Random House, 2007. Internet Archive, Web.

Chad presents with the symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety. The parents frequent fighting and discussion of separation align with the sons onset of changes in his mood and activity. Chad expresses hopelessness about the future; he does not have a good sleeping schedule and experiences both insomnia and excessive sleeping during the day. Parents inability to agree on how to approach Chads psychological wellbeing can be viewed as perpetuating his anxiety.

Nevertheless, Chad has a support system, as both parents are present in his life, and they care about his health and mental wellbeing. Moreover, he appears to have a good foundation in education, being an honors student. During the last year, the conflicts in the family were likely visible to Chad, which led to anxiety  a common outcome of parental divorce on children (Cabral & Patel, 2020). It is possible that his emotional response to the end of the parents marriage was projected onto thoughts about the end of the world, leading to depressive views of the future (Elmore & Crouch, 2020). Several factors may explain Chads symptoms of anxiety and depression. First, George and Carol report frequent fights and emotional distance from each other, which could psychologically damage the adolescent (Elmore & Crouch, 2020). Second, Chad does not have many friends to share his emotions with, and he engages in rumination, showing a maladaptive pattern of negative thinking.

The treatment for Chad needs to focus on creating a supportive and empathetic environment and relationship where the adolescent can discuss his emotions. Mindfulness and emotional resilience are among the skills that Chad can develop to overcome his symptoms (Esmaeilian et al., 2018). Moreover, it is vital to reach out to the childs parents and establish a connection for an open conversation if the family is willing to participate. Overall, the outcome of therapy with Chad can be positive if his familys support and his previous academic achievements are used to his advantage.

References

Cabral, M. D., & Patel, D. R. (2020). Risk factors and prevention strategies for anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence. Anxiety Disorders, 1191, 543-559.

Elmore, A. L., & Crouch, E. (2020). The association of adverse childhood experiences with anxiety and depression for children and youth, 8 to 17 years of age. Academic Pediatrics, 20(5), 600-608.

Esmaeilian, N., Dehghani, M., Dehghani, Z., & Lee, J. (2018). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy enhances emotional resiliency in children with divorced parents. Mindfulness, 9(4), 1052-1062.