Category: Policy

(2 pages) (Apa citation) (In-text citation is a must)
Read these two articles o

(2 pages) (Apa citation) (In-text citation is a must)
Read these two articles on non-profit administration focus:
1. Appe, S., & Telch, F. (2020). Grassroots international NGOs: Using comparative interpretive policy analysis to understand meanings in private development aidLinks to an external site.. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 22(1), 30-46.
2. Svensson, P. G., Mahoney, T. Q., & Hambrick, M. E. (2020). What does innovation mean to nonprofit practitioners? International insights from development and peace-building nonprofitsLinks to an external site.. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(2), 380-398.
Part 1: Identifying the Elements of a Peer-Reviewed Article
Based on the two articles from the group you selected, what two peer-review elements do they share?
Note: Identify each peer-reviewed element in 1–2 words.
Example*: Both articles include a title and an abstract.
Do not use the terms “title” or “abstract” in your response.
Write a 1-paragraph summary of the entire first article in your group (i.e., Appe and Telch article in Group A, or Kees, Fitzgerald, Dorsey, and Hill article in Group B). To meet the requirements for this part of the Assignment, you must read the entire article in order to complete your summary.
Your summary should include an analysis of the authors’ research objectivity, use of evidence, cultural awareness, and lack of bias.
Note: Do not summarize the Abstract. Do not use any direct quotes. Include at least one internal reference as in the example below.
Example:
Becker, M. A., & Lynn, V. A. (2020). Women’s behavioral health needs. In Foundations of Behavioral Health (pp. 183–204). Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03…
Becker and Lynn (2020) proposed an interdisciplinary approach to addressing the complex issues of women’s behavioral health that encompasses the health concerns of multiple demographic communities of females (including but not limited to minorities and the military community). Utilizing recent statistics from the World Health Organization, national academies, and a presidential commission, the authors identified alcohol, drug abuse, and mental illness as key factors of concern to medical practitioners for optimal service delivery and future research. The current most significant challenges in the field of women’s behavioral health are HIV, postpartum depression, and trauma-informed care (Becker & Lynn, 2020). The researchers’ findings led them to urge greater medical surveillance; identification of both risk and protective factors; greater development and evaluation of behavioral health interventions; and effective programmatic implementation for women regardless of demographic background (Becker & Lynn, 2020).
Part 2: Evaluating Scholarly Writing
Notice that the concluding paragraph(s) of scholarly articles may be labelled in different terms, such as “Limitations and Future Research” or “Discussion and Implications.”
Copy the main sentence (thesis) of the concluding paragraph(s) of the second article.
Explain how the conclusion in this article helps you to determine whether the article merits publication in a peer-reviewed journal article (i.e., Svensson, Mahoney, and Hambric article if you chose Group A; Molina article if you chose Group B). (Refer only to the conclusion, not the earlier sections of the article.
Note: Some peer-reviewed authors and publishers use the terms “Findings” or “Results.”
Example: Concluding paragraph:
Original source: “Nevertheless, the recommendations of the President’s New Freedom Commission (2003), the Action Steps for Improving Women’s Mental Health (2009), and the recent National Academies workshop on Women’s Mental Health Across the Life Course Through a Sex-Gender Lens (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, & Medicine, 2018) provide a blueprint for progress in improving women’s behavioral and physical health that could be realized with adequate leadership and financial support.” (Becker & Lynn, 2020).
Example: Explanation of peer-review publication criteria:
The Becker and Lynn (2020) article meets peer review criteria because the authors cited reputable sources in their literature review, analyzed a significant social problem, identified stakeholders, and explained the recommendations for steps to resolve the problem.

In this module, you will submit your critical self-reflection paper.
Effective

In this module, you will submit your critical self-reflection paper.
Effective work with addicted populations, whether it is clinical, policy, or research, requires an objective knowledge of one’s own values, attitudes, and personal understanding of addiction.
In this reflection paper, you will generate an essay exploring and describing your own position relative to these ideas concerning addiction. Use a narrative/descriptive writing style using the first-person perspective (first person including “I” and “my”).
Start by discussing how you learned what you knew about addiction before taking this course. Be specific in your description of learning experiences. This should be unique to you and personal. Comments should be individualistic and specific, evidencing full authenticity and sincerity. You should support your dialog with personal events and experiences. This work does not require citations or references to the professional literature.
Reflection Questions
Do you believe that psychoactive substance use disorder is a mental health diagnosis on par with bipolar disorder, major depression, schizophrenia, etc.? Why or why not?
The DSM states that one criteria for a substance use disorder is that the substance is taken in larger amounts or over a longer period of time than intended with the key idea being intention. The concept in play here is that intention, volition, and will are mentally compromised, and therefore insufficient to control the quantity and frequency of use. Do you believe this?
Expose a rationale for your belief one way or another or somewhere in between.

(Principles of Democracy)
(Original Content Only) (Directions are in the attach

(Principles of Democracy)
(Original Content Only) (Directions are in the attachments) (attachments include reading material)
Assignment (2–3 pages):
Using the “Concept Worksheet – Principles of Democracy” document in the Learning Resources, complete the following:
Part 1 – Provide an original definition for each principle of democracy. Definitions should be original and reflect a synthesis of your definition research from the Learning Resources and other scholarly, trade, or government sources.
Part 2 – Select three of the principles of democracy from Part 1 and for each selected principle provide an example from the U.S. system and contrast it with an example from another country.
Policy Field Map
The topic for the final project is “Lead water contamination in Jackson, Mississippi primarily affecting low income communities in Jackson, Mississippi”

(Attachments include)
Review the following information in the Sandfort and Moulton (2015) resource in the Week 3 Learning Resources:
Policy Fields in Focus,” pp. 107–108
• “Policy Field Maps,” pp. 133–136
• “Policy Field Map,” p 134
(Discussion Board) (Original Content Only) (300 words for post) (150 words per reply)
To Prepare
Review this week’s Learning Resources related to peer-review and familiarize yourself with what constitutes peer review in research. Also, consider the advances made in international scholarship and how this might impact your topic of study.
Search the internet and/or the Walden library for a peer-reviewed journal article in your field, published within the past year and based on a topic of your choosing.
Post the following:
The title, the author, and the citation of the peer-reviewed article you chose from your search.
A brief summary of your peer-reviewed article.
A list of the most important elements you used to determine if your article is peer-reviewed.
An explanation of the importance of using peer-reviewed articles in your field and how international peer-review might impact the quality of your research.
(Replies) (150 words per reply)
Peer Review Article Used:
Evans, M. & Knepper, H. (2023) Women’s sports and public administration: Intertwined paths to social equity, Administrative Theory & Praxis,DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2023.2282920Links to an external site.
Peer Review Article Elements:
1. After reviewing the Walden Peer Review resource, I was able to determine that the journal article that I was selected was a Peer Reviewed article (Walden, n.d.). I was able to use the Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory to search for the journal title (UlrichsWeb, n.d.) The article was published in the Administrative Theory and Praxis Journal which is a Journal for critical peer reviewed articles. This journal specifically focuses on Public Administration articles (Taylor, n.d.)
The article also included an abstract. The article’s abstract introduced the information that would be provided in the article (Cornell, n.d.). This article provided background information in regards to the role of women in sports and how their role differs from the male counterpart (Evans & Knepper, 2023).
The Peer Review article also included a very thorough bibliography page. The bibliography page included all of the sources that the authors used to show their research and background within the article. Like most Peer Reviewed articles, many of the references on the bibliography were experts in their field (Cornell, n.d).
Brief Summary of Article:
The Women Sports and Public Administration: Intertwined Paths to Social Equity compared and contrasted the role of women in sports and in public administration roles. The two sports that were highlighted were Women’s Basketball (WNBA) and Women’s Soccer (NWSL) In these two sports, the peer reviewed article explained that the players, coaches, and administrative staff were all impacted by the passage of the Title IX bill. (Evans & Knepper, 2023).
The Title IX law was passed in 1972 and it stated that:
“No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” (U.S. Department of Education, n.d.)
Evans and Knepper conclude that due to the passage of this law many changes occurred in the field of sports and public administration. Their article continues to show that the law impacted males and females in the sports arena. However, even though there were some changes, some things still remained not equal (Evans & Knepper, 2023)
For example, head coaches in the WNBA are not paid close to the amount that the head coaches in the NBA are paid. Female driven sports are often not broadcast on national TV channels, but on streaming apps that require payment. Women were often given public administration roles compared to leadership and budget roles in their professions. They concluded that even though there has been a change in roles in women’s sports and public administration there are still many changes that need to be made in the field (Evans & Knepper, 2023).
Importance of Using Peer Reviewed Articles:
Using Peer Reviewed Articles is very important when reviewing or writing research. Often, peer reviewed articles are written by other scholars in the specific field. This allows you to gather knowledge from another person similar to you (Walden Library, n.d.) Also, peer reviewed articles provide other resources through the use of the bibliography page for your to use or review. Peer reviewed articles are pretty much what they are called. The single blind peer review is often the most used because the reviewer’s identity is concealed (Kelly, et al, 2014).
When an article is peer reviewed by others it can be accepted or even rejected by those in their discipline. Using international Peer Review articles can have its own challenges. International peer reviewed articles will often need to be reviewed to verify their information. You may need to review the articles: credentials, accuracy, relevance, and purpose – also known as CARP (Walden University Writing Center, n.d.).
2, I chose “Evidence for the Efficacy of the Child Advocacy Center Model: A Systematic Review” written by James Leslie Herbert and Leah Bromfield. The article is part of a research study evaluating the effectiveness of the Child Advocacy Center (CAC) Model. The Child Advocacy Center (CAC) model is proposed as a comprehensive solution to challenges in responding to child sexual abuse. These challenges include the lack of referral to therapeutic services, potentially traumatic investigation practices, and conflicts among different statutory agencies, all of which contribute to low conviction rates and poor outcomes for children. The CAC model addresses these issues through multidisciplinary teams, joint investigations, and services within a single child-friendly environment. The research aimed to identify and review studies evaluating the overall effectiveness of the CAC model. While criminal justice outcomes have been well studied, there is a notable gap in research concerning the model’s impact on child and family outcomes. The review indicates some modest positive outcomes, but the lack of empirical research and reliance on program outputs over outcomes suggest a need for clarification regarding the goals of the CAC model. (Bromfield, 2015)
University affiliations and dissertations from universities often undergo a peer-review process, especially if they are part of academic programs. With journal articles, several items on the list are articles from academic journals, which generally implies a peer-review process. Many entries refer to empirical research, indicating a commitment to evidence-based practice, which often involves peer-reviewed studies.
Peer reviewed articles are important in several ways. Peer-reviewed articles undergo scrutiny by experts, ensuring that the research is methodologically sound, accurate, and contributes meaningfully to the field. In fields like child advocacy, where effective intervention is crucial, peer-reviewed literature helps establish best practices based on validated research. Professionals and researchers use peer-reviewed articles to stay informed about the latest developments, methodologies, and findings in their respective fields.
International peer-review ensures that research is evaluated from diverse cultural and contextual perspectives, enhancing the robustness and applicability of the findings on a global scale. This is particularly important in fields like child advocacy where cultural nuances can play a significant role in the effectiveness of interventions.

Essay will be 10-12 double-spaced pages with standard formatting (roughly at lea

Essay will be 10-12 double-spaced pages with standard formatting (roughly at least 3,000 words)
( I HAVE ALREADY WRITTEN THE PROPOSAL AND IS ATTACHED BELOW FOR REFERENCE) Proposal: 1-2 pages, outlining your research question, the questions you will need to answer in
order to answer your central question, your research methods, and at least 5 sources you could
draw on. Students are encouraged to draw on course readings as needed, but there is no
requirement to use any of them in the paper, and the 5 sources must be new ones we have not
covered in class. Feel free to include specific questions in your proposal that you would like me
to answer. Proposals will be graded based on completion.
***
Please choose from one of the following options, or work with me early in the process if you
would like to jointly develop a different prompt:
 Are health problems ones that can be effectively addressed through law and the legal
system? Why or why not?
 Compare and contrast 2 health problems in the same location (city, country, region, etc.)
Please choose 2 that have been addressed in notably different ways (in terms of how the
public understands the problem, the solutions attempted, how much attention the problem
gets, etc.) Has the difference made a significant difference to the outcome? For instance,
has one problem been more successfully dealt with than the other? Or has the difference
made no difference? Why?
 Does framing health as a human rights issue change the way you think of health? Please
frame your answer in reference to one or a few specific challenges in the field of health.
Your response should also address what your working definition of health is and why you
think that definition is the most compelling one.
 Does adopting a health as a human rights framework help us understand the Covid 19
pandemic? Why or why not? In what ways could it shape our thinking?
 If someone you know decides it’s time to get healthy, how would you advise this person
of going about it? Why? Do the personal characteristics of this person (race, sex,
income, etc.) matter to your answer, and if so, why? Would this person be open to the
advice you would give? Why or why not?
 You also have the option of generating your own creative assignment to fulfill the final
assignment requirement. This MUST be cleared with me in writing by November 13,
meaning that you will need to have talked to me well prior to then. I will warn you that
students attempting alternative projects often find them much HARDER than writing a
term paper, but done right they can be quite rewarding and original.
Papers (or projects) will be assessed according to logic, quality of writing, quality of research,
and quality of analysis. They must make an argument, representing your unique conclusions
based on your empirical research.

Clean Air Act：
You will
(1) explain how the policy came to be;
(2) identify a

Clean Air Act：
You will
(1) explain how the policy came to be;
(2) identify a personal experience associated with the policy; (for example how I notice difference in air quality while traveling worldwide, how US urban areas despite also having many diesel trucks has overall better atmospheric air quality than many cities around the world especially those in asia)
If you think that you can cover all of that material in six pages, you might be suspicious of whether you adequately covered the material. Likewise, if you hit seventeen pages, you should ask yourself whether you’ve rambled in areas and can trim the fat.
Make sure to cite in APA Style.
Be conscious of the feedback that I give you within Assignment 3. You will be graded based on how you adapt to those comments. If you have a question about any of the comments, email me.
I especially suggest you look at Google Scholar to find academic research.

(Principles of Democracy)
(Original Content Only) (Directions are in the attac

(Principles of Democracy)
(Original Content Only) (Directions are in the attachments) (attachments include reading material)
Assignment (2–3 pages):
Using the “Concept Worksheet – Principles of Democracy” document in the Learning Resources, complete the following:
Part 1 – Provide an original definition for each principle of democracy. Definitions should be original and reflect a synthesis of your definition research from the Learning Resources and other scholarly, trade, or government sources.
Part 2 – Select three of the principles of democracy from Part 1 and for each selected principle provide an example from the U.S. system and contrast it with an example from another country.
Policy Field Map
The topic for the final project is “Lead water contamination in Jackson, Mississippi primarily affecting low income communities in Jackson, Mississippi”

(Attachments include)
Review the following information in the Sandfort and Moulton (2015) resource in the Week 3 Learning Resources:
Policy Fields in Focus,” pp. 107–108
• “Policy Field Maps,” pp. 133–136
• “Policy Field Map,” p 134
(Discussion Board) (Original Content Only) (300 words for post) (150 words per reply)
To Prepare
Review this week’s Learning Resources related to peer-review and familiarize yourself with what constitutes peer review in research. Also, consider the advances made in international scholarship and how this might impact your topic of study.
Search the internet and/or the Walden library for a peer-reviewed journal article in your field, published within the past year and based on a topic of your choosing.
Post the following:
The title, the author, and the citation of the peer-reviewed article you chose from your search.
A brief summary of your peer-reviewed article.
A list of the most important elements you used to determine if your article is peer-reviewed.
An explanation of the importance of using peer-reviewed articles in your field and how international peer-review might impact the quality of your research.

(Principles of Democracy)
(Original Content Only) (Directions are in the attac

(Principles of Democracy)
(Original Content Only) (Directions are in the attachments) (attachments include reading material)
Assignment (2–3 pages):
Using the “Concept Worksheet – Principles of Democracy” document in the Learning Resources, complete the following:
Part 1 – Provide an original definition for each principle of democracy. Definitions should be original and reflect a synthesis of your definition research from the Learning Resources and other scholarly, trade, or government sources.
Part 2 – Select three of the principles of democracy from Part 1 and for each selected principle provide an example from the U.S. system and contrast it with an example from another country.
Policy Field Map
The topic for the final project is “Lead water contamination in Jackson, Mississippi primarily affecting low income communities in Jackson, Mississippi”

(Attachments include)
Review the following information in the Sandfort and Moulton (2015) resource in the Week 3 Learning Resources:
Policy Fields in Focus,” pp. 107–108
• “Policy Field Maps,” pp. 133–136
• “Policy Field Map,” p 134
(Discussion Board) (Original Content Only) (300 words for post) (150 words per reply)
To Prepare
Review this week’s Learning Resources related to peer-review and familiarize yourself with what constitutes peer review in research. Also, consider the advances made in international scholarship and how this might impact your topic of study.
Search the internet and/or the Walden library for a peer-reviewed journal article in your field, published within the past year and based on a topic of your choosing.
Post the following:
The title, the author, and the citation of the peer-reviewed article you chose from your search.
A brief summary of your peer-reviewed article.
A list of the most important elements you used to determine if your article is peer-reviewed.
An explanation of the importance of using peer-reviewed articles in your field and how international peer-review might impact the quality of your research.

please summarize each article into 1-2 paragraphs and combine all of them into o

please summarize each article into 1-2 paragraphs and combine all of them into one paper. thank you!
Since I cannot attach all articles, I have copy pasted one here:
“
Not Every Pandemic Needs Someone to Blame
May 21, 2023
Credit…Nash Weerasekera
By Daniela J. Lamas
Dr. Lamas, a contributing Opinion writer, is a pulmonary and critical-care physician at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.
You’re reading The Next Pandemic newsletter. Insights and guidance for preparing for future outbreaks. Get it sent to your inbox.
Three years ago, as I stood at the bedside of my first patient with the coronavirus, I struggled to understand why someone relatively young and healthy had become so sick. The unknown of the virus was frightening enough — to think that severe illness could strike at random was untenable. Even in my personal protective equipment, I held my breath, suddenly aware of my own vulnerability. The air itself felt dangerous.
A couple of months ago, my father called me to let me know that he had tested positive for the virus. I barely reacted — until I realized that a positive test meant that he would not travel to visit my infant as planned. He had been vaccinated and boosted, so I was not worried about his health, but I was frustrated. Quickly I felt my disappointment turn to judgment. He could have been more careful.
As I reflected on my reaction — and on the shift from the coronavirus as mortal threat to inconvenience — I found myself thinking not just about the early days of the pandemic in the intensive care unit, but also about how this virus has become intertwined with morality.
From the earliest reports, the public conversation has so often assigned blame for the spread of the coronavirus, based on ethnicity or underlying health conditions or political party. It is tempting to believe that health care workers are immune to such reactions. After all, we care for all patients, regardless of their culpability in their own illnesses. But looking forward to the inevitability of another pandemic, we must acknowledge that when faced with fear and uncertainty, those of us working at the bedsides are not entirely different.
Disease has long been weaponized against those who are perceived as “other.” From the bubonic plague of the 14th century to tuberculosis and H.I.V., the examples echo throughout the history of medicine. When people are frightened, they seek someone to blame, to create a narrative — even if that narrative is false — in which disease is punishment rather than a random unlucky event.
Of course, health care workers frequently care for patients who are suffering, either directly or indirectly, as a result of actions they have taken. We transplant organs for those with liver failure after cirrhosis after years of alcohol abuse, with heart failure after decades of poor diet and little exercise. So much of what we do in the hospital is about second chances, about care without judgment.
And yet the idea of culpability, whether our patients are blameless in their diseases, is still present. When we see patients with lung cancer, for instance, we mention whether they had a history of cigarette smoking. The young mother with a lung mass who has never smoked represents a tragedy; an older man who develops cancer after 50 years of smoking elicits a different response. That’s not to say that the medicine we offer is different, not in any way that’s measurable. But the distinction matters. It affects the way we frame the story, the way we understand the world.
Disease that has no explanation in behavior is terrifying. It is a reminder that no matter what we do, no matter how careful we are, any of us could fall ill and die. It is a reminder that none of us are safe. Which is one reason the coronavirus was so frightening to those of us in health care. The disease did not just break through the boundaries between doctor and patient, it decimated them. We were all vulnerable. And at first I thought that vulnerability might increase empathy, but then, as time went on, that empathy waned. And we, too, began to find an “us” and a “them.”
It happened first with masks. Patients who did not wear masks were, in some ways, responsible for their own illness. We became even more frustrated, and more comfortable with openly discussing that frustration, when it came to patients who were not vaccinated. There were health care workers who railed against the idea of offering advanced and scarce resources like a lung bypass or transplantation to unvaccinated patients with life-threatening disease.
Even when there was no question of medical resources, the stigma of the unvaccinated was clearly present in the way we discussed a case. When we talked about patients on rounds, we would mention in the first sentence whether they had been vaccinated. As in the case of the patient with lung cancer, this knowledge would not affect treatment, but it did change the way we framed the story. The people in front of us had made a choice, and they were sick and even dying as a result. They were not blameless, and so perhaps they were deserving of less of our sympathy.
This pandemic is waning, but there will be another one. I want to say that we will learn and we will be different, both at the bedside and out in the world. I want to say that we will give grace, that we know how assigning blame only tears us further apart, but then I look at history. I think about our perception of the unvaccinated. I think of the stigma that so many diseases bring with them, how little we want to acknowledge the role of luck and random chance. And I have to wonder: When the next pandemic comes, who will we blame?
Daniela J. Lamas (@danielalamasmd), a contributing Opinion writer, is a pulmonary and critical-care physician at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.“

Reflection offers an opportunity to consider how new ideas, information, experie

Reflection offers an opportunity to consider how new ideas, information, experiences, and observations can shape thinking and knowledge. Reflective writing can help improve analytical skills because it requires expression of thought and analysis. Further, reflective analysis seeks acknowledge or reject that thoughts are shaped by assumptions and preconceived ideas. In this course, we set out to study “the contemporary challenges facing America, the prevailing Western legal tradition, and a Biblical model of statesmanship, particularly as these challenges have influenced policy formation,” including the “modern reinterpretations of American constitutionalism and the shifting relationship of the State to the individual and other spheres in society.”
Write a Reflection Paper providing how your understanding and ideas have been impacted as a
result of this class. This is your opportunity to recognize the ideas of others, notice how their
assumptions and preconceived ideas may have shaped their thoughts, as well as your own, and
perhaps recognize how your ideas support or oppose what you have learned.
Assignment Specifics:
 6-8 peer-reviewed/scholarly sources
 4-5 double-spaced pages of content, not counting the title page or references
 Effectively communicates at least 7 connections to “Contemporary Challenges to
Constitutional Order.”
 Current APA Format
Submit this assignment as a Word document file.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the TurnItIn plagiarism tool.

i will be posting multiple choice questions one by one, since they can only be v

i will be posting multiple choice questions one by one, since they can only be viewed one at a time, thank you!