Category: Police

Executive Summary

The development of the public sector and the continuous emergence of new opportunities in different spheres of life have made it necessary to analyze the key directions for the development and sustainability of such a state structure as the Abu Dhabi Police (AD). This sector of the capital of the United Arab Emirates operates on several principles, and to ensure efficient and high-quality work, some dimensions influence the stability of this structure and determine the key directions of its development. As these dimensions, ethical, economic, and corporate governance aspects will be considered since these criteria largely determine the success of such a public sector as the police. The influence of some external factors is present; nevertheless, the internal structure of this organization and the principles of its functioning primarily influence the nature of any changes that are being implemented and how these changes affect the life of society and the structure as a whole. The analysis of the corporate sustainability of the AD police, as well as the basic measurements affecting this feature, will be examined further in order to find key points of contact and potential changes resulting from this influence.

Company Description

The AD Police are the state structure that is involved in activities to protect the rights and freedoms of its citizens and to control those measures that are aimed at reducing a criminal situation in the country. According to AlShamsi, the organization entirely relies on the state as the basis of the financial, logistical, and other types of funding (5). Like any other government structure, the AD Police is closely connected with all the spheres of society in the UAE. The type of leadership here is traditional for any power structure; the rules of subordination to senior officers are mandatory, and the violation of established procedures entails serious disagreements.

When comparing the AD Police with other power units of the world, it can be noted that this public sector has quite substantial funding from the state, which can be seen from constantly implemented changes and innovations. For example, as Darmaki and Rashed note, innovations can be observed in those reforms that are aimed at introducing new technologies and offering e-services to the public (23). Certainly, such measures require substantial funding, and the government allocates money for this sector to develop so that people could see the real changes taking place within this structure. Nevertheless, in order to maintain sustainability and effectively work in their field, it is important for the AD Police to adhere to certain important factors or dimensions that affect the functioning of the Abu Dhabi power structure. In order to do it, it is significant to consider these measurements and determine what features they have and how they affect the sustainability of the AD Police.

Current Dimensions of Sustainability

The assessment of the sustainability of such a state structure as the police should be conducted, based on additional information. It can be performed on the basis of attendant factors analysis directly affecting the functioning of this apparatus. As dimensions, an ethical factor is used that plays an essential role in dealing with people, a corporate governance evaluation, and an economic factor since a financial question directly affects the degree of equipment of the police departments, their preparation, etc. In order to assess the impact of these dimensions on the AD Police, it is required to study the peculiarities of this structure’s formation with the aim of correlating the applicable factors with the features of its work.

Ethical Dimension

As it is known, one of the main differences between morality and other forms of social consciousness is that its norms are not strictly binding; they give the right of wide choice and are sanctioned solely by the power of public opinion. However, if this provision equally evaluates all citizens, these conditions turn out to be ethical norms and become strictly mandatory, which is controlled and regulated by certain structures. According to Camilleri, one of the primary differences between the ethical dimension and others in the AD Police is that the basic principle of this apparatus is to make the society better by not harming it and observing the legislative norms (64). The police’s activities are built in accordance with the principles of legality, humanism, and respect for human rights. All these signs directly influence the stability of this state apparatus and determine the degree of its recognition in the society.

If in the performance of their duties the police officers do not show prejudice and any discrimination towards anyone on the basis of national, religious, racial, sexual, political or any other affiliation, it positively affects the reputation of the security agency. As Darmaki and Rashed remark, the AD Police is characterized by the fact that they are held back by their ethical code in which certain statements provide for the strict observance of the norms of behavior and morality (42). It, in its turn, allows internal affairs officers to prove themselves as responsible and executive employees who perform their duties and are able to provide all the necessary assistance to the population. Based on it, the society forms a specific opinion regarding the effectiveness of this state structure, and such a measurement has a significant impact on the police’s sustainability and recognition.

Corporate Governance Dimension

The principle of corporate governance in the police, certainly, differs from other spheres since here, the submission and implementation of the management’s orders are mandatory and unquestioning. At the same time, it is possible to suppose that this type of work is one of the foundations for the successful functioning of this state structure due to an established order of work and the precise fulfillment of all the set tasks. According to Camilleri, the corporate reputation largely depends on the effectiveness of leadership and the quality of providing the forms of control that are necessary for it (84). If it is about the AD Police, the operating principle of this organization implies adherence to the orders of the management that tracks the statistics of criminal cases, controls the performance of employees, encourages particularly honorable officers, etc.

The work of this board is quite difficult to compare, for instance, with the functioning of a private business company. Nevertheless, effective management is the variable that allows the AD Police to have authority among the UAE residents and gives this power structure an opportunity to effectively perform its duties, knowing that people rely on its help and support. Therefore, a corporate governance dimension is a significant factor affecting the stability of the described structure.

Economic Dimension

Due to the fact that the police is the board that controls various types of security (social, political, economic, etc.), all the funding is subject to strict reporting. The AD Police are financed from the budget, and these amounts are significant because, according to the principle of continuous improvement, a large number of innovations annually appear in this segment of the country. The effectiveness of the strategic planning of this state structure is due to not only effective management but also the competent distribution of financial resources (Darmaki and Rashed 17). The frequency of cash flows to this board is strictly controlled; therefore, any fraud with money is unlikely. Moreover, in order to combat corruption, specific mechanisms for tracking any possible fraudulent schemes are constantly being improved, which is also done at the expense of incoming funds.

The economic component of police activity in the UAE capital is also the sphere that is controlled by the government. According to AlShamsi, tangible assets are the variable that serves to not only expand the spheres of influence of law enforcement agencies but also as a platform for obtaining new knowledge for its officers (37). The employees of the AD Police regularly participate in various refresher courses, which gives them the opportunity to improve their skills and stay abreast of the latest innovations in the field of law enforcement. The requirements for workers in this sphere are stringent since the safety of the country’s citizens depends on the quality and efficiency of the duties that are assigned to them. Thus, an economic dimension plays a significant role in the process of forming and improving the quality of work of the AD police and is the factor that directly influences the sustainability of this state board.

Emphasis on the Dimensions

The features of the AD Police internal work affect the described dimensions. Thus, for example, the emphasis on an ethical factor is explained by the need for officers to observe moral norms that do not contradict their code. If close attention is paid to this factor, there is a high probability that the residents of the city will feel the changes for the better and will be able to assess the quality of the local police’s activities. Otherwise, if this dimension is ignored, it is possible that complaints will be received by those employees who violate the moral and ethical standards of behavior and will not be able to match the rank of a police officer.

In case the emphasis is placed on corporate governance, the power structure will certainly have a well-balanced and regulated management policy aimed at increasing staff motivation. As Darmaki and Rashed claim, “government agencies do not work for profit or increasing investment” (19). It means that employees do not need to try to meet certain market demands, build their policies in accordance with consumer requests, etc. In the police field, effective management implies strict compliance with established standards and the observance of the number of stringent job requirements. If the leadership of the AD Police focuses on corporate governance, the personnel policy of this unit will probably be at a high level.

Finally, strict adherence to the principles of an economic dimension is unlikely to significantly affect the effectiveness of the local police. This public service is not related to commercial activities; therefore, it will not profit for more efficient work. The staff of the AD Police can tighten control over the conduct of any financial transactions, but this measure will not affect the department’s budget. Therefore, the emphasis on an economic dimension will most likely not make significant changes in the work of this law enforcement agency.

Current Actions and Their Impact

From the point of view of the AD Police’s effectiveness, it can be claimed that the style of governance and the desire for innovation in the field of work confirm the success of the analyzed dimensions. The introduction of an electronic service for the population allows significantly speeding up the time for receiving applications and t the same time focusing on active work. The possibilities of using modern technologies help to increase labor productivity and enhance the potential of employees who use new opportunities in the course of their professional activities.

Moral and ethical principles that are promoted in the department correspond to the declared ethical dimension. According to AlShamsi, an authoritarian style of leadership that is partially affected by the local management helps to strengthen subordination relations and contributes to building a clear vertical of authority, which is necessary for work in the police (5). Also, special measures are taken to control financial transactions. Despite the fact that the AD Police is not a commercial organization, it is strictly to ensure that no corruption fraud is conducted. Such an internal policy means that the police department strictly complies with the state standards for countering fraud.

Interpreting the situation in the AD Police, it can be assumed that the motivation of junior and senior officers is high enough for all the necessary measures to protect the population to be performed. Requirements for tougher compliance with dimensions’ conditions are unlikely to be required since the department successfully copes with the set tasks. The strategy of this board is focused on constant monitoring of the situation, which has a positive effect on the quality of the law enforcement officers’ activity.

Recommendations

The AD Police can take more active measures to take advantage of an economic dimension and conduct additional work in accordance with legal norms. For instance, charity fundraising for those in need can increase the reputation of the department in the eyes of residents and at the same time can help the most vulnerable segments of the population. Also, continuous work to improve behavioral skills corresponding with an ethical dimension will help employees of this law enforcement board to achieve full compliance with modern conditions of interpersonal communication. Tests for the psychological stability of officers, as well as meetings with qualified psychologists, can be useful as an additional educational program.

Conclusion

Thus, the analysis of the corporate sustainability of the AD Police and those dimensions that influence this variable helps to determine the key directions of this department’s developments. The basic factors that should be taken into account when evaluating the structures activities are ethical, economic, and corporate governance dimensions. The AD Police carry out active work aimed at observing necessary working conditions and meeting modern legislative requirements. The greatest emphasis is placed on ethical corporate governance dimensions, which can be explained by the need to constantly search for new ways to improve working performance. In the course of the AD Police’s activities, certain measures can be taken to improve current performance and achieve the highest possible reputation among residents of the UAE capital.

Works Cited

AlShamsi, Saeed S. “Theoretical Framework That Identifies the Key Features of Effective Leadership Style in AD Police.” International Journal of Sales, Retailing & Marketing, vol. 5, no. 3, 2016, pp. 3-52.

Camilleri, Mark A. Corporate Sustainability, Social Responsibility and Environmental Management: An Introduction to Theory and Practice with Case Studies. Springer, 2017.

Darmaki, Al, and Abdulla Rashed. “A Systematic Analysis of Strategic Planning Key Success Factors and Its Required Professional Skills – Case Study of Abu Dhabi Police GHQ.” International Journal of Sales, Retailing & Marketing, vol. 4, no. 7, 2015, pp. 17-84.

In most instances, it appears that no regulation is universal. Different agencies establish their rules about accepting gratuities while individual officials could also have their standpoints. Though some agencies are against it, it is courteous for police officers to respond positively to acts of kindness from business owners and private citizens. Officers should accept such things as discounted or free food and water but not expensive gifts, which would be tantamount to bribery (Lobnikar & Meško, 2015).

Nevertheless, while it may be prudent for officers to visit coffee shops and restaurants where their food and drinks are characteristically discounted or they do not receive a bill, it is reckless for them to demand free beverages or grumble when charged for the food. Some businesses, especially the ones providing food services, offer discounts to police officers as their policy.

The concern of police officers accepting gratuities of whichever form has been a sensitive and greatly controversial issue. Some researchers have established that it is an insult for a law enforcement official to refuse discounted or free food. Police officers should not expect to receive gratuities but when it is offered, they should take it provided it is just a small token of appreciation for their good work and not money. It is hard to understand how free coffee, water, or food could corrupt a disciplined officer (Lim & Sloan, 2016).

Private citizens or business owners who like offering something small to police officers should be commended. If an organization or an individual chooses to appreciate the sacrifices of police officers, why should the third party become involved? It is insulting to the reputation and dignity of the police force to suggest that officers cannot make personal decisions on whether to accept a free cup of water or a single plate of food.

References

Lim, H., & Sloan, J. J. (2016). Police officer integrity: A partial replication and extension. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 39(2), 284-301.

Lobnikar, B., & Meško, G. (2015). Perception of police corruption and the level of integrity among Slovenian police officers. Police Practice and Research, 16(4), 341-353.

Total quality management (TQM) is an evidence-based approach for improving organization performance. Institutions implement this process to deliver high-quality services and goods to their clients. One of the key elements of the TQM model is that of innovation. This literature review gives a detailed analysis of Dubai Police and how its adoption of the TQM model has resulted in exemplary performance.

Literature Review: Application of TQM at Dubai Police

Organizational Commitment

Different theories focusing on organizational effectiveness propose that compatibility between resources, processes, and strategies is something critical for success. As Awadh and Al-Dhaafri (2018) note, the concept of TQM guides the leaders at Dubai Police to consider existing gaps, acquire adequate resources, and propose superior measures for maximizing effectiveness. The organization promotes innovation by acquiring high-quality training tools and improving the experiences or competencies of the targeted officers (Igbal, Tufail & Lodhi 2015). It considers modern technologies and systems to maximize efficiency.

The consideration of the innovation theory in this institution has delivered meaningful results. For instance, the organization focuses on emerging procedures and approaches to solve problems, identify new opportunities, and improve coordination. As Jiju, Rodgers, and Cudney (2019) observe, such a strategy supports the acquisition of new resources capable of promoting performance. The organizational leaders are always committed and willing to make appropriate decisions that can support the needs of different stakeholders (Tomaževič, Seljak & Aristovnik 2015). This kind of commitment creates the best environment for innovative practices.

At Dubai Police, the managers have presented innovative orientations whereby evidence-based approaches, missions, and functions have become part of this institution. According to Shafiq, Lasrado, and Hafeez (2019), the idea of democracy is a new reality whereby officers receive timely support and empowerment. The organization allows and encourages them to use modern technologies to meet the needs of the people they serve. Alosani and Yusoff (2018) acknowledge that decision-making and communication processes have been streamlined than ever before. The concept of community policing has also empowered all officers.

Employee Attitudes

With these approaches to innovation, Dubai Police has won numerous awards in the recent past. This achievement explains why most of the employees continued to record positive attitudes. Nalla, Paek, and Lim (2016) indicate that officers are always empowered and willing to offer exemplary services. Positive attitudes mean that employees are involved, part of every decision-making process, and capable of focusing on the intended goals.

Organizational Commitment and Employee Attitudes

With improved levels of organizational commitment, positive employee attitudes continue to be recorded in this institution. The leaders introduce powerful frameworks for transforming initiatives and activities that are capable of delivering positive results (Al-Dhaafri & Al-Swidi 2016). Al-Damen (2017) indicates that the organization supports the effectiveness and performance of the human resources (HR) department to address emerging conflicts. This is a clear indication that organizational commitment will trigger positive employee attitudes, thereby making it easier for Dubai Police to achieve its objectives and continue to provide exemplary security services to many citizens.

Conclusion

The above literature review has supported the effectiveness and power of TQM in police organizations. The concept of innovation is essential since it creates the best environment for introducing evidence-based practices and technological ideas for improving performance. The model has transformed the attitudes of police officers positively, thereby being able to deliver exemplary services.

Reference List

Al-Damen, RA 2017, ‘The impact of Total Quality Management on organizational performance Case of Jordan Oil Petroleum Company’, International Journal of Business and Social Science, vol. 8, no. 1, pp.192-202.

Al-Dhaafri, HS & Al-Swidi, A 2016, ‘The impact of total quality management and entrepreneurial orientation on organizational performance’, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 597-614.

Alosani, M & Yusoff, R 2018, ‘Six Sigma and its impact on the organizational performance of Dubai Police’, European Journal of Business and Management, vol. 10, no. 24, pp. 24-30.

Awadh, A & Al-Dhaafri, H 2018, ‘The effect of training and informational technology management on organizational performance of Sharjah Police’, Journal of Management Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 31-51.

Igbal, A, Tufail, MS & Lodhi, RN 2015, ‘Employee loyalty and organizational commitment in Pakistani organizations’, Global Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-11.

Jiju, A, Rodgers, B & Cudney, EA 2019, ‘Lean Six Sigma in policing services: case examples, lessons learnt and directions for future research’, Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, vol. 30, no. 5-6, pp. 613-625.

Nalla, MK, Paek, SY & Lim, SS 2016, ‘The influence of organizational and environmental factors on job satisfaction among security guards in Singapore’, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 548-565.

Shafiq, M, Lasrado, F & Hafeez, K 2019, ‘The effect of TQM on organisational performance: empirical evidence from the textile sector of a developing country using SEM’, Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, vol. 30, no. 1-2, pp. 31-52.

Tomaževič, N, Seljak, J & Aristovnik, A 2015, ‘TQM in public administration organisations: an application of data envelopment analysis in the police service’, Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, vol. 27, no. 11-12, pp. 1396-1412.

Discuss the MOVE incident in Philadelphia as an example of police misconduct. Be specific and use detail to illustrate. In your opinion, was this an example of a “few bad cops”? Or an example of deeper misconduct problems? Explain your position.

MOVE was an activist black liberation group based in Philadelphia in the 1970s. In 1985, the police obtained arrest warrants for the group and attempted to storm their headquarters located in a residential block in Western Philadelphia. After an armed standoff and firefight, a decision was made to use a bunker bomb dropped from a helicopter. A huge explosion occurred along with a large fire in the residential block, killing eleven people, including five children, and damaging over 60 homes (Demby, 2015).

The social tensions which led to the bombing could be felt then and continue to characterize metropolitan police, although on a significantly lesser level. Residents in the area at the time recall a climate of mutual distrust between police and black communities, and how the response of law enforcement was to militarize and see increases in incidents of police brutality (Demby, 2015). Although the true nature of facts regarding the incident is disputed, it was evident that the misconduct and deep racism were deeply involved in the police department and government, leading to the mayor at the time. The egregious decision to use such high powerful explosives in residential settings, and supposedly ordering to fire on those attempting to escape the fire showed the twisted moral compass and lack of accountability for the misconduct in this incident (Yuhas, 2015).

Discuss the Rodney King incident as an example of police misconduct. Be specific and use detail to illustrate. In your opinion, was this an example of a “few bad cops”? Or an example of deeper misconduct problems? Explain your position.

Rodney King was an African-American male who was driving with his friends, and after supposedly running a red light, was ordered to stop by a police cruiser. Fearing his probation would be violated, King did not stop, ensuing a high-speed pursuit by cruisers from various local police agencies, particularly the LAPD. When eventually stopping, Rodney King was shocked by high voltage tasers and severely beaten by police officers despite being unarmed. (Kappeler, Sluder, & Alpert, 1998).

This incident was an example of deeply rooted misconduct issues in the LAPD, based on several factors. First, when an amateur tape was available of the beating, the LAPD was not interested in it, and vehemently denied it when released publicly. Second, the working environment at the LAPD, led by Chief Gates established a highly militarized force indoctrinated with aggressive tactics (Kappeler et al., 1998). A scholarly research by Davis (1994) focusing on the King incident argues that the legal paradigm was created where police brutality in the LAPD and law enforcement across the country was effectively decriminalized. It became a double standard of criminality as significantly other rules seemed to have been applied to the police. In turn, the conduct led to social dysfunction in the relationship that formed between the population and law enforcement, particularly great cynicism from minorities.

Discuss the Jeffrey Dahmer incident as an example of police misconduct. Be specific and use detail to illustrate. In your opinion, was this an example of a “few bad cops”? Or an example of deeper misconduct problems? Explain your position.

The incident began when Dahmer, a convicted sex offender met and lured a 14-year-old Asian male Sinthasomphone to his apartment. There, Dahmer drugged and sexually abused him, until by chance Sinthasomphone was able to escape. The police arrived and Dahmer convinced them that he and Sinthasomphone were romantically involved. The officers left the boy in the care of Dahmer without conducting a background check most likely due to both racial and homophobic tendencies. Eventually, Dahmer killed Sinthasomphone and continued his serial killings (Kappeler et al., 1988).

The incident seems to reflect the nature of deeper police misconduct problems ongoing in the Milwaukee Police Department at the time. Chief Breier took an inherently hardline approach, classifying the population as good or bad. Thus, determining whether the police was willing to take the resources to intervene, promoting this culture which was most often based on prejudices of race and other aspects, leading to discrimination in a city that was primarily white (Kappeler et al., 1988). Ultimately, the incident was a clear definition of police neglect based on both social tendencies and MPD culture at the time.

It was an example of poor handling and demonstrated misconduct at a deeper level beyond individual officers despite their defenses that they saw no warning signs or callousness which forms from working in such environments (Chicago Tribune, 1991).

References

Chicago Tribune. (1991). Among all the horrors of the Jeffrey…Chicago Tribune. Web.

Demby, G. (2015). I’m from Philly. 30 years later, I’m still trying to make sense of the MOVE bombing. NPR. Web.

Kappeler, V.E., Sluder, R.D., & Alpert G.P. (1998). Forces of deviance: Understanding the dark side of policing. Prospect Heights, Il.: Waveland Press.

Yuhas, A. (2015). Philadelphia’s Osage Avenue police bombing, 30 years on: ‘This story is a parable‘. The Guardian. Web.

Describe the research questions, methodology, and key findings of Chappell and Piquero’s article. What were the authors trying to accomplish? Who did they study? What data did they collect? What did they find based on their analysis?

Chappell and Piquero (2004) attempt to identify whether social learning and behavioral theory can be used to explain police misconduct. The authors were trying to accomplish the cause of a rise of law enforcement misconduct that had been evident in various metropolitan cities leading to egregious human rights violations. Racially profiled abuses, such as the killing of a Western African immigrant were widely covered by the media, and this specific case was at the center of discussion for police brutality (Feuer, 2004).

The research focused on studying a random sample of Philadelphia police officers overtime to determine how officer comprehension of peer behavior can be linked to misconduct. The researchers used a survey to gain insight from officers in the police department, which exceeded 3,800 officers, with a random sampling methodology then leaving 499 for further analysis. Data collected was both quantitative, such as the number of formal citizen complaints, as well as qualitative describing officer’s actions and responses, including in hypothetical scenarios. Key findings suggest that social learning has a profound impact on explaining police misconduct as peers hold influence over each other and citizen complaints are interconnected with the use of excessive force more than other aspects.

Describe the research questions, methodology, and key findings of Kane’s article. What was the author trying to accomplish? Who did he study? What data did he collect? What did he find based on the analysis?

The study by Kane (2002) seeks to determine how social ecology plays a role in police misconduct over several decades. Misconduct can be identified as anything such as extortion, bribery, and excessive force. Kane is attempting to accomplish establishing a theoretical background for social ecology in terms of how the organization inherently influences police behavior. Similar aspects were identified by Walker (2014) when studying how law enforcement at customs and border protection could be influenced by the culture in the unit and on the job since the police are exposed to violence.

In his study Kane used a longitudinal research design to study historical data at the NYPD and reports on uniformed officer personnel, identifying official reports, citizen complaints, and investigations into law enforcement misconduct. In turn, other data was used to determine the environmental conditions based on structural and demographic characteristics. Kane found that structural disadvantage and population mobility played a significant role from a social disorganization perspective. Meanwhile, shifts in Latino population trends played a racial conflict role in the process. This suggests that within precincts, the socio-ecological foundation contributes to misconduct.

Describe the research questions, methodology, and key findings of Pogarksy and Piquero’s article. What were the authors trying to accomplish? Who did they study? What data did they collect? What did they find based on their analysis?

The research question that Pogarsky and Piquero (2004) were attempting to answer is whether deterrence can be used to explain and prevent police misconduct. Deterrence theory is a concept which states that under certainty and severity of punishment for contemplated misconduct, the perceived consequence for the individual will increase, and, in turn, discourage it (Pogarsky & Piquero, 2004). This theory is commonly seen in other organizational capacities such as college students, jails, or corporate settings. Therefore, the authors were attempting to accomplish a study of this theory within the context of law enforcement.

The study sample consisted of police officers from a medium-sized police department in Arizona, with a final response rate of 210 officers. The selected methodology was the use of surveys with hypothetical scenarios regarding police misconduct. Questions were intentionally directed to instigate thoughts of consequences for misconduct as to evaluate the responses. The results found that police officers do not differ from other individuals in other settings and the threat of both legal and extralegal sanctions can potentially deter misconduct. Furthermore, punishment can help manage impulsivity in the situation, and consider previous reprimands to avoid greater consequences.

References

Chappell, A. T., & Piquero, A. R. (2004). Applying social learning theory to police misconduct. Deviant Behavior, 25(2), 89-108. Web.

Feuer, A. (2004). $3 million deal in police killing of Diallo in ’99. The New York Times. Web.

Kane, R. J. (2002). The social ecology of police misconduct. Criminology, 40(4), 867–896. Web.

Pogarsky, G., & Piquero, A. R. (2004). Studying the reach of deterrence: Can deterrence theory help explain police misconduct? Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(4), 371-386. Web.

Walker, S. (2014). Changing the culture of the customs and border protection agency: Lessons from recent developments in municipal police accountability in the U.S. Web.

Departmental Mission and Key Themes

The New York City Police Department and Chicago Police Department have mission statements that guide their policing. The major themes in the mission of NYPD include peace preservation, order maintenance, professionalism, respect, compassion, courtesy, fear reduction, and partnership with the community (New York Police Department, n.d.). The key themes in the mission of Chicago Police Department are professionalism, quality service, the protection of lives, property and human rights, order maintenance, and collaboration with the community (City of Chicago, n.d.).

Accountability is included in the form of a commitment to protect the rights of the people, partnerships and collaborations with communities, and the impartial enforcement of law. The inclusion shows that the departments strive to enforce law impartially and protect the people’s lives while respecting them and maintaining high levels of ethical behavior. Common issues related to police accountability include discrimination, the excessive use of force, unlawful detainment, unreasonable search and seizures, police brutality, and interrogation without counsel.

The impartial enforcement of law means that police officers provide services of justice (Oliver, 2017). They do not modify their actions to favor or discriminate against members of certain communities or groups. The mission statements of both departments show commitment to justice enhancement and the protection of lives. However, the impartial enforcement of law can be difficult because of the influence of politics and involvement in judicial matters (Oliver, 2017).

The inclusion of accountability in the statements is insufficient because it should have incorporated a commitment to abide by the stipulations of laws such as the Police Act, Criminal Code, and the Police Misconduct Provision. Moreover, the mission statements do not show the department’s willingness to provide justice for all, fight corruption, and shun racism. The mission statements of both departments do not reveal any dedication to avoid police misconduct and promote accountability.

Police Working Personality

Police working personality refers to the values, attitudes, and patterns of behavior that police officers exhibit because of the effective socialization into their subculture (Gaines & Kappler, 2015). The characteristic traits that are usually associated with the police personality include aggression, authoritarianism, bigotry, alienation, machismo, and bravery (Oliver, 2017). Others include prejudice, honor, hostility, individualism, cynicism, loyalty, efficiency, and secrecy.

In most cases, these traits also define the personal lives of law enforcement officers. The key factors that lead to the development of the police working personality include the law, competence, moral judgments, bureaucratic control, and psychological as well as sociological disposition. The psychological paradigm suggests that law enforcement personnel share certain intrinsic traits that lead them to choose careers in law enforcement (Gaines & Kappler, 2015).

This is based on the assumption that people possess certain qualities that they carry throughout their lives. According to the social model, the police working personality develops from occupational socialization (Gaines & Kappler, 2015). The personality develops when a rookie officer undergoes training under an experienced officer who shows them the practical application of various policies (Oliver, 2017). Moreover, the demands of police work mold the personalities of officers. The values, norms, and belief systems required to accomplish the role of law enforcement prevail in training environments (Crank, 2014). Therefore, trainees become socialized to act, think, and behave in certain ways.

The consequences of the working personality include the molding of the attitude and behaviors of officers, emphasis of certain personality traits, and adherence to certain values and belief systems (Crank, 2014). This working personality determines how officers respond and react to citizens. For instance, when an officer encounters an unruly and violent citizen, they might use excessive force because they have been socialized to be brave and authoritative. If the individual resists arrest, then excessive force could be used to make an arrest.

Vollmer’s Reform Movement

Some of the key elements of Vollmer reform movement were the elimination of politics from policing, the upgrading of police personnel, the centralization of power and authority in police departments, and the narrowing of police roles to law enforcement. Vollmer advocated for police professionalism with regard to crime control, proper education, and nonpartisanship (Oliver, 2017). He developed a degree program that taught the various dynamics of law enforcement. His police department (Berkeley Police Department) pioneered the use of forensics in crime resolution (Deflem, 2016).

Moreover, he introduced a code of ethics that prohibited police officers from accepting favors and rewards from citizens. O. W. Wilson encouraged the application of scientific management principles in order to increase efficiency (Oliver, 2017). A case in point, he pioneered the concept of single-officer patrol. They were not successful in eliminating police misconduct even though they introduced the concept of code of ethics. For example, in contemporary society, cases of police brutality, unlawful detention, discriminative arrests, and racism are widely reported (Deflem, 2016).

The Use of Force by Police

Law enforcement officers are allowed by law to use force in situations where individuals reuse to cooperate. However, police officers have been accused of using excessive force even in situations where it was unnecessary (Deflem, 2016). The TASER is an electronic control device that was invented in the 1960s by John Cover, which is used by police officers to deal with disorderly individuals without the application of excessive force (Deflem, 2016).

The gadget provides a safer option of handling non-deadly force confrontations. It is controversial because cases of deaths caused by the TASER have been reported, the excessive use of force, and the shocking of children and the elderly using the device (Deflem, 2016). Amnesty International released a report indicating that more than 1,000 people in the United States have died after exposure to electronic control devices (Oliver, 2017).

References

City of Chicago. (n.d.). Police: Mission.

Crank, J. P. (2014). Understanding police culture. New York, NY: Routledge.

Deflem, M. (Ed.). (2016). The politics of policing: Between force and legitimacy. New York, NY: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Gaines, L. K., & Kappler, V. E. (2015). Policing in America (8th ed.). New York, NY: Anderson Publishing.

New York Police Department. (n.d.). Mission. Web.

Oliver, W. M. (2017). Policing America: An introduction. New York, NY: Wolters Kluwer.

Introduction

The social institute of policing changes over the years and adapts to the general tendencies in the society. The purpose of the police is to serve the society and to regulate it. However, at the same time, the society itself influences and reforms the police work. It creates a unique relation of interdependence between the police’s elements and functions and the societal needs.

The objective of the paper is to compare and contrast the major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing, and identify the skills necessary for the police trainees nowadays. It seeks to define community policing and explore the difference between it and traditional policing, examine the important elements of community policing, and determine qualities that detectives and undercover officers need to possess.

Major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing

Police work varies depending on the period time in history because different epochs determine the functions of the police differently. Policing in America can be roughly divided into two eras. The political era dates back to the 19th century when the main function of the police was patrolling the streets because the metropolitan areas started to become more dangerous with the increase in their population. The peculiarities of that epoch included the inadequate communication systems between different police units and the lack of human and financial resources for patrolling in all the areas of bigger cities. Apart from that, with the lack of supervision, many police officers from all the levels of the hierarchy were corrupt, some were involved in the unrespectable political campaigns and criminal activities (Broderick, 1977).

Thus, during the political era of policing the society did not have any influence or control over the police. However, various public frustrations eventually resulted in reform. The reform era of policing starts from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. It is associated with the introduction of means of supervision and thought-though administration. The police reform movement is linked to one of its leaders August Vollmer, whose initiatives helped to implement discipline and new values to the police force (Uchida, 2015).

Similarly political and reform policing rely on the concept of authority and are empowered to counteract the resistance in the community (Uchida, 2015). However, these two types of policing are very different in terms of administration, the political policing is chaotic and non-supervised, whereas the reform one has hierarchy and discipline.

Skills and knowledge that are imparted to police trainees

During their academy training, the police trainees receive both theoretical and practical training. In terms of theoretical knowledge, they are to acquire a certain level of understanding law, including both things they are going to deal with in their daily jobs, such as laws on domestic violence or criminal law, and the basics of constitutional law (Eck & Rosenbaum, 1994). The training is focused on those aspects of legislation with which the police officers are involved on the daily basis.

Secondly, trainees acquire the physical skills important for the job, including completing requirements of fitness, health, abilities of self-defence, firearm maintenance, etc. In application to the reality, physical abilities and quick reaction of a police officer might help deter crime (Kappeler, Sluder, & Alpert, 2015).

However, there is one more aspect of no lesser importance, which is psychological training. Being a police officer is considered one of the most stressful jobs. Therefore, a substantial part of the police academy trainees’ course is dedicated to the stress and conflict management. Considering that today most of the police officers work in smaller departments serving smaller communities, the meditations skills, and human relations knowledge play a significant role, especially when it comes to the community policing (Eck & Rosenbaum, 1994).

Community policing and traditional policing

Community policing can be identified as the way of organizing the police work so that it resonates with the needs of the community where a certain police department is allocated. It means that in some ways, the organizational structure of the police is decentralized, but it is still is controlled. Moreover, when working with the smaller communities, it is controlled not only by the higher-ranking department but also by the community itself.

Traditionally, when the police are considered and authoritative body, they are in a certain sense, cut away from the rest of the society, and separated from the system in which they function. In this scenario, there are very few ways of influence on the police. Conversely, in the framework of community policing, the police interact with the citizens much more, so the inhabitants of the community know their officers and vice versa. Such allocation helps to install less bureaucratic and more relationship-based approach.

Elements of implementation of community policing

There are certain challenges of how to implement the methods of community policing, and to overcome all its difficult phases. Firstly, the main objective of the community policing is to make police an active figure in the community rather than just the addressee of claim or even an obstacle to its development (Kappeler et al., 2015). However, the problematic point is that not every neighborhood is respondent to the change. And without feedback from the community, the problem solving potential of the community policing will not improve.

Another problem is how to define the level of involvement of the police into the community life. At the stage of the implementation, the vague understanding of the operational principles of community policing may result in the fact that the departments will reduce the reforming to the purely ‘cosmetic changes’ under the slogans of community policing (Eck & Rosenbaum, 1994). Therefore, the main challenge is to introduce a detailed scheme of the policy implementation; otherwise, all the potential benefits of the community policing will remain theoretical.

Five qualities that detectives and undercover officers need to possess

In many ways, the qualities that make efficient detectives and undercover officers, as well as other professionals in this sphere derive from the skills that law enforcement schools and academies try to develop in them.

Quality number one is the ethical sense. Detectives are to understand the ethics of working with victims of crime, as well as how to deal with all the sensible information they obtain during the investigation. Undercover officers should be able to make ethical decisions in complex and controversial situations that they face.

The second quality is the profound understanding of the law. All law enforcement professionals should understand that law is the only framework in which they are supposed to act, regardless of the personal feelings.

The third quality is dedication. In law enforcement, reluctance to do the job can put the citizens’ lives in danger.

The fourth quality is a quick reaction. In both physical and mental sense, a quick reaction can be crucial. The detectives are to be able to concentrate quickly on the task; undercover officers need reaction to adapt to the rapidly changing situations.

In conclusion, the fifth quality is meditation skills. In the paradigm of community policing, it is a noteworthy quality of any law enforcement professional because it seeks to resolve the situation with the damage limitations.

References

Broderick, J. J. (1977). Police in a time of change. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.

Eck, J. E., & Rosenbaum, D. P. (1994). The New Police Order: Effectiveness, Equity and Efficiency. In Rosenbaum, D. P. (Ed.), The challenge of community policing: Testing the Promises. (pp. 3-26). New York, NY: Sage Publications.

Kappeler, V. E., Sluder, R. D., & Alpert, G. P. (2015). Breeding Deviant Conformity: The Ideology and Culture of Police. In Dunham, R. G., & Alpert, G. P. (Eds.), Critical issues in policing: Contemporary readings. (pp. 79-106). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

Uchida, C. D. (2015). The development of the American police. In Dunham R. G., & Alpert G. P. (Eds.), Critical issues in policing: Contemporary readings. (pp. 18-35). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

Introduction

Since its inception in 1957, Abu Dhabi Police (ADP) has been keen on becoming a true symbol of the country’s security and affiliation. It is imperative that the police is able meet public expectations and bring tranquility and comfort to the citizens, residents, and guests of the country. Introducing meaningful changes and fulfilling the mission sincerely is only possible through regular quality assurance. This paper discusses ADP’s approach to self-assessment and its realization in alignment with its vision.

Total Quality Management

Abu Dhabi Police is operating upon the set of values outlined within the framework of Total Quality Management (TQM). The concept of TQM has gained much traction in UAE and has been considered by a variety of businesses as well as governmental sectors such as education and the police (Shibani & Ahbabi 2015). TQM is geared towards constant improvement as opposed to mere prevention, detection, and corrections of failures and mistakes. The approach is innovative in the way that it shifts the focus from solely meeting the norm and following the rules to genuinely modernizing every stage of the work process (Arikkök 2017). Through the adoption of TQM, Abu Dhabi Police met the international quality standard ISO 9001.

International Quality Assurance

Since its establishment, Abu Dhabi Police has been exerting much effort to become eligible for certification in compliance with international quality standards. In line with the Quality Management standard ISO 9001, the organization conducts internal audits, gathers, controls, and processes data innovatively, and implements corrective and preventive measures (International quality n.d.). In total, ADP meets 33 international standards which deal with numerous aspects of the organization’s practice due to its broad scope of work (International quality n.d.).

For instance, in fulfilling the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan’s order to spread peace among the country’s people, ADP is also implementing the standard ISO 26000:2010 “Guidance on Social Responsibility.” The police are working closely with the country’s population and promoting responsible behavior to prevent crimes.

Conclusion

Throughout the last few decades, the UAE has undergone radical changes, and the role of ADP in establishing a lawful state has increased respectively. Like some other institutions, ADP adopted Total Quality Management as their approach to self-assessment. TQM enables the police to enhance employees’ engagement and encourage them to apply innovative strategies. As of now, ADP boasts numerous achievements in improving the work of all departments and meeting international standards.

Reference List

Arikkök, M 2017, Total quality management. Web.

International quality. n.d.. Web.

Shibani, A & Ahbabi, HA 2015, ‘Implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) within the industry sector in the United Arab Emirates’, in Fifth International Conference IEOM, Coventry University, United Kingdom, p. 5.

Abstract

This work describes the problem of the police use of force that has been a very debatable topic for a long time. This issue became even more controversial when it involved people with mental disorders. The effectiveness of some methods is compromised by the severe health damage that they might cause. Conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) have become widespread due to their useful characteristics. TASER is a popular brand of a convenient electroshock device. However, such tools might worsen the symptoms of mentally ill people. Also, they increase chances of cardiac arrest and excited delirium syndrome.

Introduction

The issue of law-enforcement activities that affect people with psychic disorders is highly controversial. Some people believe that the police should employ any effective methods. On the other hand, some insist on using only safe techniques and tools. The main goal of this paper is to research the issue of the police use of force involving mentally ill people.

Research Method

Conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) is one of the most widely used by security forces instruments. TASER is a popular electroshock device that relates to CEWs. However, such tools could cause severe health problems. Hence, the following research question was formulated to guide this project: Does the police use of conducted electrical weapons in cases with mentally ill people is totally justified. To address this question, the observation method of research was applied. This method allows gathering relevant data in order to conduct a thorough analysis of the issue.

Literature Review

In the first article, the authors scrutinize the cases of interactions between the police and people with mental illness (Livingston et al., 2014). This research was guided by a procedural justice theoretical perspective. The researchers interviewed 60 mentally ill people that experienced police interventions. Participants came into contact with the police under various circumstances, including physical conflicts.

Although the most participants were relatively satisfied with such interactions, 32% stated that these were negative life experiences (Livingston et al., 2014). The authors emphasized the importance of the improvement of a procedural justice framework for officers that interact with mentally ill people.

In the next article, the authors discussed the procedural justice theory. This theory states that the main aspect that has the greatest impact on the people’s perceptions about the police “is whether an individual believes they were treated justly and fairly during personal encounters with agents of authority” (Livingston et al., 2014, p. 281). In this work, the authors demonstrated the results of community-based participatory research.

They studied the visions of the participants with mental illness on procedural justice relating to their contacts with the police. The researchers analyzed the connection between such perceptions and socio-demographics and contextual factors. The statistical analysis revealed that the officer’s attitudes towards participants had the most influence on their perceptions on the process of interactions. The authors revealed the cases of the biased behaviors of the policemen towards mentally ill people.

The authors of another article discussed the issue of the police use of TASER devices on people with mental illness. The popularisation of TASER devices among security forces throughout the world has caused concern about possible health damage (O’Brien & Thom, 2014). Various studies on this topic are conducted worldwide, though many aspects are still highly debatable. The authors outlined the widespread application of this device, underlying cases with mentally ill people.

The study revealed the deterioration of symptoms in individuals with such problems caused by the use of TASER devices. This work also raised the question about conflict of interest in the process of analyzing TASER devices. The authors concluded that these tools would have a great impact on police methods in the future. In addition, the authors emphasized the significance of further research in this area.

In the next article, the author raised the issue of excited delirium syndrome (ExDS) caused by the use of TASER devices. According to Nielsen (2014), “excited delirium syndrome is defined as delirium coupled with extreme agitation” (p. 1). ExDS is a serious disorder that requires rapid medical intervention. Approximately 8% of the affected die from this medical condition (Nielsen, 2014). Although some specialists consider ExSD as a real ExDS only in cases of fatality, most researchers admit the existence of other factors that might relate to this syndrome.

It was noticed that ExDS often occurred in cases of violent interaction with the police officers. More than 7,000 security force agencies in the United States apply CEWs including the use of TASER devices. The author stated that there is abundant evidence that ExSD developed in people who came into contact with the police that applied TASER to them. This study demonstrated the direct connection between the development of this syndrome and the application of TASER devices.

The authors of the next study discussed the problem of cardiac arrest caused by the use of TASER devices. The study described 8 cases of unexpected cardiac arrest occurred due to the electric impulses produced by a TASER (Zipes, 2014). The affected did not have cardiovascular symptoms. However, several possibly suffered heart disease. The injured became unconscious right after they got an electric shock. The clinical data demonstrated that TASER devices could cause ventricular fibrillation in people, but the chances are low.

However, TASER chest shots were banned. Also, the article revealed some statistics regarding the use of TASER devices. The authors stated that “the deployment of TASER weapons has more than doubled in England and Wales, from 3500 in 2009 to 14500 in 2010” (Zipes, 2014, p. 109). The fact that a shock lasting 5 seconds can cause ventricular fibrillation was proved by data analysis.

In the next work, the author discussed misconceptions relating to the CEWs. TASER devices are getting more popular among security forces (Jauchem, 2015). However, there are many questionable aspects regarding the use of this law-enforcement tool. Therefore, some misconceptions might be seen in various publications on this topic. The author thoroughly analyzed reports from different scholar sources.

He concluded that the most of the presented information about possible dysfunctions and health damage associating with TASER devices is not reliable. The popular opinion that TASER electrical shock can lead to death is deceptive. The author emphasized the importance of “clarification of these misconceptions” (Jauchem, 2015, 53). He concluded that CEWs are very convenient law-enforcement tools, and erroneous information should be excluded from the constructive discussion on this issue.

Analysis

Several articles reveal the high level of dissatisfaction with the police methods among people with mental problems. Other studies show that CEWs are widely used by police officers during law-enforcement activities. Also, these devices are applied to people with mental problems. However, the study by O’Brien highlighted that the use of TESAR worsens the symptoms in people with such dysfunctions. Other studies demonstrate the negative effects of CEWs on the people’s health that include ExDS and cardiac arrest. As ExDS is a mental medical condition, it is highly important to avoid using CEWs on people with psychic disorders. However, some specialists doubt this information and call for further research.

Conclusion

The problem of CEWs still has many unclear aspects. Scientists argue their effect on the people’s health. However, various incidents involving the use of CEWs demonstrate that a certain connection might be found. Therefore, it is highly necessary to continue research in this area to collect more relevant data that will help to draw firm conclusions.

References

Jauchem, J. R. (2015). TASER® conducted electrical weapons: Misconceptions in the scientific/medical and other literature. Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology, 11(1), 53-64.

Zipes, D. P. (2014). Can TASER electronic control devices cause cardiac arrest? Web.

Livingston, J. D., Desmarais, S. L., Greaves, C., Parent, R., Verdun-Jones, S., & Brink, J. (2014). What influences perceptions of procedural justice among people with mental illness regarding their interactions with the police? Community Mental Health Journal, 50(3), 281-287.

Livingston, J. D., Desmarais, S. L., Verdun-Jones, S., Parent, R., Michalak, E., & Brink, J. (2014). Perceptions and experiences of people with mental illness regarding their interactions with police. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 37(4), 334-340.

Nielsen, A. A. (2014). Excited delirium syndrome and conducted electrical weapons. Web.

O’Brien, A. J., & Thom, K. (2014). Police use of TASER devices in mental health emergencies: A review. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 37(4), 420-426.

Situational analysis for a police officer

Every career has its in-depth needs for effective accomplishment of duties. In my duties as a law enforcement agent I have had the chance to interact extensively with the members of the society and this has necessitated me to come up with a good marketing strategy that will ensure that I am able to deliver my police obligations maximally. This is because the society demands that I should have high quality police skills that will enable me arrest offenders and ensure that the overall tranquility of the society is not destabilized. It is my duty to make sure that the well-being of the society is maintained at all times and this will be maintained through my continued development as a police officer in order to align myself with the changes in society to meet the diversity of the ever-evolving criminal minds.

Market Summary

Being a police officer has laden me with the volumes and volumes of information about the society and how crime is propagated in the community from one generation to another. This knowledge has enabled me to attain a great deal of knowledge on the common attributes of crime from some of the most frequent criminals in the society. My possession of this information leverages me by placing me at a better position to understand who is most likely to be criminal in the society, the specific needs of a community and how best to communicate to all the members of the society without jeopardizing trust that the society members have on me and my credibility to ensure that laws that govern the country are adhered to hence ensuring that order is maintained at all times.

Market demographics for the police officer

The police job is one of the most strenuous jobs that exist in the planet due to the complexity of the obligations that are entailed in it. Therefore, stress is an inevitable part of the police personnel. The demographic factors that affect effective operation of the police personnel are castigated by the poor working environments, the poor living conditions that police officers are exposed to, the dwindling of the confidence in the police unit, the need to make some of the hardest decisions among others and this requires some strong mental power to handle some of the scenarios that police officers are exposed to in their line of duty. For instance, bloody body mutilation of some victims in some incidences of violence, a psychopath killing menace among others requires extra ordinary mental power to handle. Other demographic factors that affect the policing job include population, geographical and behavioral factors in the society.

Market Needs for the Police Force

It is the duty of any police under oath to provide the society with the best police duties possible. This necessitates the high number of police that are required to execute policing responsibilities which must be packaged in such a way that they denote the godliness of being a police officer. This is because it is the duty of the police to identify criminals in the society, arrest them, and carry out intensive and conclusive investigations for the crimes that have been committed with the objective of getting justice served. These are just but a few of the responsibilities that are bestowed on a police officer. Therefore, the magnitude of the responsibilities overlap each other and they require a concise presentation program that will guarantee that each and every police officer knows what exactly his or her responsibility are in policing and the services that the society demands to get from them.

Competitive analysis

The Competition trend in the market of police officers is gearing to find better ways of ensuring that the duties and the obligations of maintaining law and order in the society is upheld. A modern police officer is now being asked to take more administrative duties in the community so as to be in a position to address the tremendously changing security needs in all aspects of the society and the ability of the police officer to work alongside other law enforcing agencies and colleagues. In order that the police officer realigns him or herself along the market trends in delivery of police duties, he or she should come up with innovate creations that are tailored to cater for particular incidences that occur to negate the serenity of the societal peace. He or she must ensure that the quality of the police duties delivered are of high quality and they are paralleled to the needs of the society. This is because the changing market trends in policing job have been necessitated by progressive sophistication in technology which has given birth to new forms of crime such as online frauds, sabotage, spoofing among others. This has created the demand for the adoption of newer crime control methods possessed by police officers as there is no need to be complacent with the status quo at the expense of the safety of the society.

SWOT Analysis

The effective and efficient management of any organisation is based on an effective SWOT analysis. Therefore, thispaper,aims at evaluating the strengths that are held by a police officer. This is because it is crucial that any police is able to delineate his or her strengths so as to be in a position to discern whether he or she is capable of providing the police services that everyone in the force is obliged to provide. It is evident that the identification of the strengths that are held by a police officer enables him or her to channel his or her energy towards maximally meeting the societal needs (Banerjea, Mukherjee and Chatterjee, 2005).

When I conduct a personal SWOT analysis in regard to my job, it is evident that there are some strengths as well as weaknesses that are exhibited in line of duty. It is also evident that there are some opportunities that are yet to be exploited, despite them being promising as far as their capacity to improve my performance is concerned. It is also evident that the police work has some threats which may affect the success of a person as an effective police officer. The strengths that I exhibit are outlined below.

• Possessionof better equipment provided by the police force
• I poses excellent leadership skills
• I have a down to earth attitude
• I am of stable and quality mental strength
• I receive a good salary and accruing benefits
• I have always exhibited professionalism
• Society satisfaction of the services offered by the police officer

To guarantee continued forward progression of any police officer in the delivery of services to the public, this necessitates the need identifying the weaknesses that are held by the police officer. The identification of the weaknesses will to give the police officers the opportunity to enhance their efficiency in service delivery by eliminating the process inhibitors where possible. The weaknesses include:

• A very limited budget allocation to the entire police force
• Limited training availability on criminal psychology
• Bureaucratic regulations that demand information sharing
• Large population coverage
• Lack of acknowledgement for commendable tasks that are achieved
• Lack of acceptance by the public
• overall police bureaucracy

The delivery of policing services to the society conceives a number of opportunities that can be realised by apolice officer in developing new services delivery possibilities away from the traditional service delivery scope. This means that there are numerous opportunities that exist for the police officer and they include:

• Optimistic feedback from the public
• Changes in technology
• Technical advancement in criminology
• Good relations with the public
• Possible support from the government
• Good rapport with the media

The effective and efficient execution of the police officer duties is at times way out of the control of the police officer. These factors emanate from the internal and external environment of operation of the police officer. Therefore, apolice officer has to identify these factors and come up with plans and programmes that are projected towards mitigating them or responding to threats that jeopardises the duties of the police officer.Recognising the threats that face a police officer enables theofficer to prepare ways of reducing the potential loss that can be incurred if the threats occur.The threats include:

• Increasing crimes rates in the society
• Increase in population as compared to police officers
• Limited jail verdicts for critical offenders
• Increase in cybercrimes
• Economicrecession that affects stability of the society

Value chain analysis

The public demands that the service delivery of a police officer be differentiated in such a way that will ensures that it targets the right channels of crime and perpetrators of the crime. This is attainable if the police officer targets criminal gangs and organised crime in the society, they should tackle all incidences of mugging and street crime. Apolice officer should be able to analyse crime and consequently, prevent it from happening. This will ascertain that people and their property in the society are safe (Oc and Tiesdell, 2007).

Cover letter

Dear Madame/sir,

RE: APPLICATION FOR A CAREER VACANCY

My unique mix of work experience in the police force and my qualifications have made me one of the effective and efficient police officers in the force with regard to the maintaining law and order in the country. I have arrested criminals of all types, collected information and evidence that have successfully incriminated the criminals to the crimes committed and I have testified in courts in regard to some of the criminals that I had arrested. This proves of the build experience that I have gained.

My experience in ensuring that the rule of law prevails in the society has been catapulted by the training I received at the police training academy and also by continued job experience. The incorporation of self-skills in the training have enabled me to protect myself, firearms and any other tool assigned by my employer. However, my ability to prevent crime from happening remains my strongest point of my career

This experience has convinced me that being a police officer is a career that I have dedicated my life to and I am ready to explore every bit of it. I believe that the combination of my experience, police training and motivation will always make an asset to the police department that can be exploited to the fullest to ensure that the well-being of the society prevails at all times regardless of the sacrifice.

Your consideration of my analysis will be greatly appreciated.

Respectfully submitted

Reference List

Banerjea, D., Mukherjee,A.,P. and Chatterjee, D., K.2005. Central police organisations.New Delhi: Allied Publishers.

Oc, T. and Tiesdell, S.2007.Safer city centres: reviving the public realm Urban and Regional Development Series.New York: Sage.