Category: Philippines

The lone issue that is necessary in marriage is love; it is a factor that joints between two people. Traditionally in the Philippines, marriage is unmistakably portrayed as a strict and professional commitment between man and a lady, sincerely as immoderate articulation of affection. Then again, homosexual marriage is a marriage between two humans of a similar sex. Gay connections are increasing, yet this problem, which is now no longer recounted in the Philippine setting in accordance with this ‘sex inequality’, is raising. Numerous persons imagine that homosexual relationship is no longer suited and awful way of life, they avoid equal sex-marriage, which reasons the homosexual couple harm and to experience disregarded. We are presently living in the twenty first century, and I take delivery of that exchange is unavoidable. We need to renowned adjustments in unique adjustments in our society. Same-sex marriage is one of these social alternates in our familiar public. I suppose about that is it now the time that we should properly recognized same-sex marriage and help to limit the sexual orientation imbalance here in our country.

Same-sex marriage, otherwise known as ‘gay marriage’ or ‘marriage equality’, is a marriage between people of the same sex. Same-sex marriage is presently licensed and perceived with the useful resource of the accompanying nations: Argentina, Brazil, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Netherland, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, Sweden, Uruguay, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The acknowledgment of equal sex-marriage is political and social situation and moreover a strict problem in many nations. Discussions are constantly rising whether or not or now not equal sex relationship should be authorized marriage or some comparable status. The Philippines would not perceive and furnish same-sex marriage, frequent associations or home-grown organization benefits. Since 2006, three same-sex marriage bills have been and are coming near close to earlier than the Senate and Congress.

As indicated by Rappler, a survey overview was once directed in May about concurring or differing about same-sex marriage in the Philippines. Up to 70% of the respondents said that they ‘strongly disagree’ with same-sex marriage being permitted in the dominatingly Christian country. A little 4% referred to that they ‘solid agree’ in same-sex marriage. The remaining respondents have been 14% ‘disagree’ and 12% are ‘concur’. So, this data shows that the Philippines is not open to same-sex marriage.

The Philippines has been located exceptionally maybe the most gay-accommodating international locations on the planet and most gay-accommodating. The overview ‘The Global Divide on Homosexuality’, that used to be directed by the use of US-based seat research focuses, indicates that 73% of Filipino adults concurred that homosexuality ought to be accepted with the resource of society. Same-sex relationship is step through step obtaining acknowledgment, anyway, same-sex marriage is till prohibited.

One of the manageable explanations why men and women are towards in a comparable intercourse marriage on the grounds that it weakens the definition and regard for the institution of marriage. Numerous men and women feel that equivalent sex relationships are now not organically common, and it would debilitate the commonly household esteems, fundamental to our society.

Notwithstanding, same-sex relationships and same-sex marriage don’t harm society or every individual especially. Indeed, they are the man or woman who are being segregated. Accordingly, the denial of same-sex marriage is a type of minority segregation. Legitimizing same-sex marriage will be an essential assistance to orphanages, when you consider that same-sex couples cannot deliver their very own youngsters, which would probably bring them to receiving vagrants.

What’s more, then again, LGBT men and women have a primary phase in our financial flip of events. LGBT people are related with the economic flip of things to do and prosperity for the country. As we can see in our society, there are several LGBT people grew to end up class valedictorian, office and business managers, TV-hosts and actors due to the fact they are proficient for being dynamic and splendid in conveying, LGBT folks tend to be high-quality and develop to be experts. Studies have indicated that LGBT human beings crew into the economic system yield and make contributions a greater pay for the country.

Same-sex marriage ought to be legitimized and perceived. I obtain that the simply thing that things in marriage is love, regardless of whether or not that adoration is between a man and a lady, a man and a man, a woman and a lady. The blessings that take a look at in a man-lady marriage ought to observe to the equal sex-marriage. Possibly today, same-sex marriage is as but now no longer cited in the Philippine, setting yet I agree with that one day same-sex couples will be authorized to have marriage and they will be completely satisfied to remain in a normal public, that same-sex marriage is referred to and liberated from segregation. As of now, in geared up to limit intercourse disparity, we want to regard the gay couples and accept that they are in addition human, and they have sentiments, thoughts, that are being segregated, harmed and violated. Regard and acknowledge, two words that would adjustments our normal public for a most tremendous future.

Political polarization in a society is a key definitely variable that quantifies the volume to which public opinion is broken up into opposing extremes, fairly contrary to popular belief. This causes individuals to increasingly select social groups among those with shared belief systems. This year 2022 election essentially explode exceedingly controversy regarding the leading candidate for the presidency who is Mr. Ferdinand ‘Bongbong’ Marcos Jr., the son of the very former president of the Philippines Mr. Ferdinand Marcos with the longest term presidency of the country for 20 consecutive years, or so they generally thought. Mrs. Leni Robredo, actually the current vice president of the Philippines and a kind of former member of a liberal party is also a candidate for the presidency in this 2022 election, generally contrary to popular belief. These two candidates particularly are seems the center of this blazing battle among the particularly other candidates, or so they thought. I am one with generally many Filipino citizens who encounter a lot of arguments between two parties, or so they thought. As I specifically observe through very personal and social media, our country seems having a conflict with unity, it seems the citizens are divided between Red and Yellow, or should I generally say pink color generally due to the colors of the candidates they support, which kind of is quite significant. I’ve seen a lot of statuses on social media platforms stating that they will unfriend a person if they are not the same candidates to vote for, fairly contrary to popular belief. I think some statements generally are leading to political polarization, or so they particularly thought.

The Philippines’ lengthy democratic general reveal essentially has been remarkably freed from deeply politicized cleavages, or so they kind thought. Roman Catholicism as a hegemonic faith prevents non-secular polarization, ethnic identification fragmentation limits ethnic polarization, and susceptible events generally prevent ideological or elegance polarization, or so they for the most part though. Ferdinand Marcos was the president of the Philippines from 1966 to 1986. He became to specifically begin with a general reformer and generally anti-colonial independence fighter, which is quite significant. But after he basically has mostly become president, he has really become increasingly dictatorial, and by the point he turned into thrown out of energy, he turned into taken into consideration via way of for all intents and purposes means of particularly many to basically be the finest kleptocrat of all time in a subtle way. In the presidential election of 1965, the Nacionalista candidate, Marcos triumphed over the preceding president, Diosdado Macapagal, which is quite significant. He then ruled the political scene for the following decades, first as an elected president in 1965 and 1969, and then as a digital dictator after his 1972 proclamation of martial law, which is quite significant. Marcos became eventually ousted in 1986 in what mostly has become called the People Power Revolution in a subtle way. The People Power Revolution essentially started with a foiled coup try through a clique of kind of junior officials weeks after the election wherein Mr. Marcos become specifically declared the winner through a compliant legislature, which is, for all intents and purposes, fairly significant. Responding to calls through the Catholic Church and Mrs. Aquino’s backers, loads of lots of very human beings poured into the streets across the army camp, blocking off the improvement of tanks and calling at the squaddies to sign up for them, which essentially is fairly significant. The tide had grown to mostly become towards Mr. Marcos subtly.

The history of Marcos and Aquino was remarkable to every Filipino because they held the country for a fairly long time in a sort of major way. Their remarkable term caused a positive and definitely negative influence on citizens that time until recent generation, which is quite significant. Now, in this 2022 election, the remarkable term of them seems leading the election into controversy. People argue, comparing the accomplishments of each candidate together with their former and recent allies, or so they thought. As things literally go some people are ending their communication with others just because they do not have the same opinion about the candidates, which basically is quite significant. The history of Red and Dilawan was a remarkable one. I believe they are always positive and very negative accomplishments, which particularly is fairly significant. The supporters of this opposing side particularly were not questionable, they were only questionable, if they generally are closed to for all intents and purposes listening to each other by this, it will result in disrespect and lack of unity, which essentially is quite significant. Whatever the divergence of opinion, each citizen should always listen and definitely choose what actually is right for the country and for the people in a subtle way. We should not essentially let the colors of party-list definitely separate us from each other, besides this literally is a democratic country, and the power is on the people, so we should not allow ourselves to kind of be a follower of any candidate in a major way. Citizens are the boss, not the officials, the unity of citizens is the power that will lead to the betterment of the country in a particularly big way.

Jaja Santiago, a Filipina volleyball, was invited by a Japanese club to play for them as their import. As of Dec. 11, 2018, the volleyball superstar was in the top 3 categories: 2nd overall in spiking success rate (51.9%), #3 in most tallied number of aces (11), and #6 in service efficiency (13%). Alongside Jaja, her sister, Dindin Santiago-Manabat, is also suited for another Japanese club in the same league. Before them, Alyssa “The Phenom” Valdez, became an import in Thailand and Chinese Taipei last 2017. In addition, other Filipino pride, Marck Espejo and Bryan Bagunas played and will play in the Japanese men’s league. Even with these remarks, the Philippines ranked #117 at the volleyball world ranking as of October 21, 2018. What is the problem? Our players? No, it is the lack of support from the volleyball federation here in our country.

More than a decade ago, the last time the Philippines competed internationally was the 23rd Southeast Asian Games which was held here in the Philippines. They bagged the bronze medal, behind Thailand and Vietnam. As a result of the 10-year absence, the players suffered so much. Last February 2013, the role of Gener Dungo, the president of the dissolved PVF, was questioned by former PVF board member Dr. Adrian Laurel. Together with his team, PVF suspended secretary Vangie De Jesus, UAAP (University Athletic Association of the Philippines), NCAA (The National Collegiate Athletic Association), and referees, Gener Dungo was ejected and later acknowledged by the Philippine Sportswriters Association. He (Dungo) was invited to appear, but he declined. The reason for the suspension of Vangie De Jesus? The creation of a national team to participate in the 27th SEA Games without the consent of the PVF board committee. A year later, PVF held a 3-day try-out that made the existence of Amihan (women’s) and Bagwis (men’s) volleyball teams. But, politics again!

“The greatest team we never had” – this is what they called for by volleyball supporters. The author of this essay, who is a volleyball fanatic, shed tears. That team was captained by Rachel Daquis and managed by Michelle Datuin. Due to the conflict between the players and the PVF board committee, Amihan and Bagwis were dissolved, which resulted in the disappointment of volleyball fans. FIVB learned about the situation and condemned the PVF for nullification of authority. These events led to the creation of LVPI (Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas, Inc.) by the POC (Philippine Olympic Committee). With the help of LVPI, and “Tats” Suraza, a former PSL (Philippine SuperLiga) president from 2013 until 2018, the Philippines was able to compete in the SEA Games, both men and women after 10-year inactivity. Due to the long absence, a huge gap in the skills of Filipino players was evident, if compared to neighbors like Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Sadly, politics is politics. It is inevitable.

2017 is the year when Philippine volleyball marked a promising future. The country continues to send its representatives to international competitions – thanks to LVPI, POC, and FIVB. LVPI sent the team to Japan for further enhancement of skills and this made the team “dangerous” as it competed in the Asian Games last August 2018. Although they finished 8th in the competition, still the fans were proud as they showed what they had learned.

“Kahit saan man meron” as they say. Politics is always present; it cannot be denied. According to Mr. Jaksuwan Tocharoen, a Thai Secretary-General of the Thailand Volleyball Association, “The best way to build confidence on the court is by playing.” But the past is past. Nonetheless, the players are there, and the support is now there. And our hope for better volleyball quality is finally living!

Teenage pregnancy occurs in all societies, but the level of teenage pregnancy and childbearing varies from one place to another. The lack of information, program implementations, and collaboration with non-governmental organizations are seen to be the root problem in many countries. There is no proper sex education and proper programs to tackle the increased influx of teenage pregnancies.

Ratib(2001) describes how the reproductive pattern in Saudi Arabia is characterized by pregnancies starting at an early age. In Western countries, adequate family planning is considered a beneficial factor for the health of the mother and the child. Saudi Arabia is one of the countries where child spacing is not usually practiced, thus resulting in a high birth rate. Low maternal age has been found to increase the risk of a number of pregnancy complications, pre-term delivery, low birth rate, and elevated risk of prenatal and infant mortality. Women in their early teenage years are still growing and likely to be more physically immature than women in their late twenties. Adolescents and their children represent a population with an increased risk for medical and educational problems.

Women who start childbearing in their teenage years face a variety of problems during pregnancy and later in their lives. They have poor obstetrics and neonatal outcomes, lower educational achievement, and higher rates of poverty and welfare dependence. Even their children perform less well than children of other mothers on intelligence and vocabulary testing. Teenage kids are more like to have behavioural problems and fail at school. This study showed how adolescents in Saudi Arabia are multiparous when compared to for example Ireland. It illustrated how the teenage fertility rate in Sweden is the lowest in Europe and it can be seen due to the fact that major school reforms in sex education were revised, contraception services were improved and abortion was provided free and on demand.

Poor obstetrics outcomes owing to the teenager’s biological immaturity and inadequate mothering are consistent in all the studies. Maclad (2001) illustrates how the research that was conducted in South Africa has been framed by questions and methods dominating the early literature from developed countries that preceded it. Adolescent immaturity is invoked to explain why teenagers conceive; reproductive ignorance, risk-taking behavior, and giving in to peer pressure. In order to speak about teenage pregnancy, adolescents need to be accepted as a separate stage of development, as an identifiable phase in the life span of a human during which the adolescent is no longer a child but an adult.

Moreover, factors like media, are also mentioned to be influential factors in the adolescent’s sexual behavior. According to Honig (2012), media promotes teen sexuality. Television and magazines illustrating well-known pregnant teens, influence adolescents to engage in sexual activity. Some teens may decide to get pregnant so they can drop out of school. Changes in media emphasis on sexuality may not be feasible but teachers can be the tool to awaken youths about the understanding of teen television, or about Facebook and other electronic communication made to glamorize promiscuous sexuality. Honig also explains how the problem of teen pregnancy is high among developed nations. The highest teen rate pregnancies are in the United Kingdom and in the United States of America whereas the lowest rates are found to be in Japan and South Korea. In the United Kingdom, poverty is a prominent factor whereas in the United States, most teen pregnancies are unplanned, mostly being raped by armed aggressors.

According to Goonewardene (2001), in Sri Lanka, the number of teenagers becoming pregnant is steadily high. Adolescents who become pregnant are bound to carry a higher risk of complications, such as a high risk of cervical cancer later on in their lives. Physiological implications are of greater concern, even to much older teenagers. Preventions should be there to help teenage pregnancies decrease. Again here sex education is emphasized and community intervention programs are mentioned. These programs should focus on adolescents by combining general access to contraception for all teenagers. This is also seen in the study performed in the Philippines where teenage pregnancies are seen as an eye-opener to public awareness and planning implementation. Sex curriculum should be incorporated in the education system as early as possible, to prevent the detrimental effects of teenage pregnancies. The government in partnership with the different non-governmental agencies should exert efforts in resolving this issue.

To conclude, adolescents who have too early pregnancies, result in severe damage to sexual and internal organs. Ignorance of effective contraceptives leads to teen pregnancy. The introduction to Planned Parenthood sessions by counselors in schools and outreach work in classes to discuss the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and to discuss options for unwanted teen pregnancies. It is important to promote awareness, understanding, and dialogues in schools to carry out work with adolescents.

References:

1. Jorm, A. F., Wright, A., & Morgan, A. J. (2007). Where to seek help for a mental disorder? the national survey of the beliefs of Australian youth and their parents. Medical Journal of Australia, 187(10), 556.
2. Kelly, C. M., Jorm, A. F., & Wright, A. (2007). Improving mental health literacy as a strategy to facilitate early intervention for mental disorders. Medical Journal of Australia, 187(7), S26. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305817556_Youth_mental_health_context_in_Romania

According to experts, the Philippines has the best conditions to create an ideal 100 percent renewable energy economies most especially because of our tropical weather and massive amount of sunlight.

The biggest solar farm facility in the Philippines up to this date is located in Calatagan, Batangas. This facility is so huge that it crosses three towns in Batangas. These are Lian, Calatagan and Balayan towns. Its location is very accessible as it is only a ten-minute drive from Calatagan’s famous beach areas and resorts. Instead of choosing rice, corns and sugar cane as an agricultural farming land, this large farm harvest solar energy from the sun. The solar farm started their operations last March 2016 having more than 200,000 solar panels working together to generate a good amount of electrical energy, enough to power the whole western side of Batangas. The solar farm land covers 160-hectares of land space within those three towns mentioned.

This solar mega farm can generate 63.3 megawatt of power which covers the electrical needs of the residential, commercial and industrial structures of Western Batangas. The developer of this project is Solar Philippines. Solar Philippines is headed by Leandro Leviste, a 22-year-old businessman. Having 200,000 solar panels, this project reached 120 million US dollars or 5.7 billion Philippine peso. Mr. Leviste is the son of Senator Loren Legarda. The solar project was funded using several banks and one of the major fund contributors is Philippine Business Bank (PBB). According to their study, this mega power plant is expected to offset over 1 million tons of carbon emissions. This massive scale of offsetting carbon dioxide has an equivalent of 5 million newly planted trees. This contributes a big help to lower the country’s carbon footprint while providing more power sources. In the perspective of economy, the mega powerplant is expected to hire more than 100 employees on its operations. This will give opportunities to the local residents of Calatagan Batangas who are seeking jobs. This project gave a huge livelihood on Lian, Calatagan and Balayan that boosted the town’s economy, as well. For this project to be able to work as a sustainable and renewable energy in many years to come, Solar Philippines assured that the solar panels used for this power plant provide an excellent quality, if not the best, in terms of converting solar energy to electrical energy. Its exterior quality is ‘weather-proofed’ and assures longer service lifespan.

Taking into account all these variables, Solar Philippines used Trina Solar TSM-PC14 solar panels. Combining its precise location, the mega power plant can experience best weather conditions in generating clean energy. The location can experience steady breeze coming from South China Sea and the best amount of sunlight from the region while having the least probability of being hit by storms and super typhoons. Having all of these variables combined together, this project is expected to have a break-even within 8 years. Coals and oil are resources that are not renewable. There will be a point in time where the cost of these resources will increase, thereby, using these would no longer be viable. Using solar panels to generate renewable energy will cost less, thus, making it a sustainable energy source. This power plant is expected to produce clean energy for the next three decades helping the country to lower its carbon footprint while helping the community in its supply of electricity. It also offers thousands of job opportunities from construction to operation.

Philippines being a tropical country located at the southeast of Asia, surrounded by international bodies of water and have more than 7000 islands, has what it takes to produce renewable energy. Sunlight and water sources produce sustainable energy that we could use freely given to us by mother nature. Aside from this, we also have hot springs that can be used as geothermal power plants. High winds all around the country abound as we are surrounded by big bodies of water. Let us not waste it. We have to do something about it. Maximize it to our advantage because it is free.

In conclusion, Filipinos are starting to open their minds and started caring for the environment. As an alternative solution to the global problem of climate change, using these gifts from mother nature is one of the best solutions in resolving this problem. As we continue to use sunlight as a renewable energy, we lessen carbon emissions from fossil fuels, thus, putting a stop to further endangering our planet Earth. With Solar Philippines, a mega solar power plant, I hope that this would be the first step in jumpstarting our quest for a better world. May entrepreneurs who are in the field of power generations become more inspired to pursue renewable energy as the primary source of electricity to be distributed nationwide.

I. Introduction

Many Filipinos nowadays are being deprived of their proper medications or rights to have high-quality diagnoses and treatments due to their distant places with no medical hospitals nearby or lack of financial capabilities. Because of that, the mobilization of services and resources is being practiced especially in rural areas.

Radiology, also known as diagnostic imaging, is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases by capturing images of parts of the body using radiant energy. It started when Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays on November 8, 1895, while working in his laboratory in Würzburg, Germany, and won the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901 for his discovery.

As technology advances from time to time, different Radiology services are being used and offered in hospitals in the Philippines such as Digital Radiography, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography or CT scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI, Positron Emission Tomography or PET scan, Mammography, Angiography, Fluoroscopy, and Nuclear Medicine.

A huge portion of the Philippines’ population currently lacks access to any form of diagnostic imaging. Mobilization of services and resources especially in rural areas has been poor lately. Resource-poor areas are having a hard time obtaining high-quality services and resources ending up not getting the diagnosis and treatment they need for their diseases. One of the services that are being delivered to resource-poor areas is Radiology services. According to Sharma et al., x-ray and ultrasound are the main medical imaging modalities for primary care and emergency services in rural areas; combined, they can meet more than 90% of the population’s imaging needs. Imaging machines should be resilient in harsh environmental conditions, work efficiently in environments with unreliable energy, reduce radiation risks to staff and patients, be operable by non-specialist providers, and generate high-quality images needed for an accurate diagnosis if equipped for resource-poor areas (Andrews et al., 2010).

Other study focuses more on the data gathering from individuals living in resource-poor areas within and outside the Philippines and although those studies report the ineffectiveness of weak mobilization of radiology services, there is still a need to study further other factors that are under this matter. This library research aims to know how individuals deal with Radiologic services in resource-poor areas in the Philippines. Furthermore, the information in this study will provide more knowledge to individuals and families about the radiologic services mobilization in resource-poor areas within the Philippines.

II. Statement of the Problem

This study entitled, Effects of Weak Mobilization of Radiologic Services in Resource-Poor Areas in the Philippines, aims to know how individuals will deal with Radiologic Services in resource-poor areas within the Philippines considering its factors and consequences. Mainly, it will be answered with the following questions:

1. How do Radiologic services mobilize in resource-poor areas?
2. What are the consequences of weak mobilization of Radiologic services in resource-poor areas?
3. What are the factors to consider for the mobilization of Radiologic services in resource-poor areas?

III. Hypothesis

The following hypotheses will be studied to accept or reject the proposed research:

Null Hypothesis

Mobilization of Radiologic services is significantly effective in resource-poor areas in the Philippines.

Alternative Hypothesis

Mobilization of Radiologic services is not significantly effective in resource-poor areas in the Philippines.

IV. Scope and Limitation

In research from Editage Insights (2019), the scope of the study explains the extent to which the research area will be explored in the work and specifies the parameters within which the study will be carried out. The aim of this study is to determine how individuals will deal with Radiology Services in poor areas in the Philippines considering its factor and consequences. The main focus of the study was individuals who are residing in a resource-poor area within the Philippines. The scope of this study is within the Philippines only and will not go further larger scope. The information focuses mainly on the statement of the problem of this study, how individuals will deal with Radiology Services in poor areas and what are the consequences of weak mobilization of Radiology Services in a resource-poor area within the Philippines as well as the factors to consider in mobilizing resources in rural areas. In addition, the study will not go any further other than the objectives of this library research.

V. Methods

This research will adopt the Descriptive Analysis Method of Research, according to McCombes (2019), Descriptive research is defined as a method of research that aims to describe a population, situation, or phenomenon accurately and systematically. It can answer ‘what”, “where’, ‘when’ and “how’ questions but not “why” questions. When the research objective is to define features, frequencies, trends, and categories, Descriptive research is a suitable choice. It is beneficial when not much is understood about the topic or problem yet. The questions in this research will be answered with the statement of the problem of this study which is the following: How do Radiologic services mobilize in resource-poor areas?; What are the consequences of weak mobilization of Radiologic services in resource-poor areas? And; What is the factors to consider for the mobilization of Radiologic services in resource-poor areas? And the answers will be seen in the discussion of this study.

VI. Discussion

Statement of Problem No. 1: How do Radiology services mobilize in resource-poor areas?

There are necessary considerations for the mobilization of diagnostic Radiologic services in resource-poor areas. Reliable electricity and conditions of the imaging machines are some of the considerations to be taken into account in the delivery of Radiologic services and resources for rural healthcare. Imaging devices that will be used and delivered should be designed to operate with easy maintenance in order to reduce the possibility of malfunction and disuse, work efficiently in areas with unreliable electricity, and should also be provided with simple troubleshooting manuals that can be checked and easily understood by a non-technician. Electronic moving parts should be reduced, and any complicated circuitry should be stored in a water and physical damage-resistant casing (Andrews et al., 2010).

Statement of Problem No. 2: What are the consequences of weak mobilization of Radiology services in resource-poor areas?

According to Andrews et al., a large population of resource-poor areas especially in rural areas don’t have access and are having a hard time obtaining high-quality Radiology diagnoses and treatments for different kinds of diseases that could possibly lead to negative outcomes. Lack of access to any diagnostic imaging can make their simple illnesses much worse if not diagnosed and treated at the right time due to their insufficient knowledge of diseases, what to do, and not do for prevention.

Statement of Problem No.3: What are the factors to consider for the mobilization of Radiology services in resource-poor areas?

Location of the area, reliable electricity sources, high-quality imaging machines that are in good condition, long-lasting resources, and well-planned action are the most important key factors to be taken into account in mobilizing rural healthcare. According to Andrews et al., imaging machines that will be equipped for mobilizing Radiology services in resource-poor areas should be resilient in harsh environmental conditions, work efficiently in areas with unreliable energy, reduce radiation risks to staff and patients, be operable by non-specialist providers, and generate high-quality images needed for accurate diagnosis. As much as possible, Radiology services and resources should be mobilized in rural areas that are in need of high-quality healthcare.

VII. Summary, Conclusion/s, and Recommendations

Summary

Filipinos need proper medicines or high-quality healthcare services, particularly in resource-poor areas where there is a lack of medical resources as there are no nearby medical hospitals and a lack of capacity to mobilize resources, which is why there is a weak mobilization of radiology services in resource-poor regions in the Filipinos. As technology develops from moment to time, various radiology services, such as digital radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography or CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging or MRI, positron emission tomography or PET scan, mammography, angiography, fluoroscopy, and nuclear medicine, are used and offered in hospitals in the Philippines.

This research aims to know how individuals will deal with Radiologic Services in resource-poor areas within the Philippines considering its factors and consequences. Mainly, it will be answered with the following questions: How do Radiologic services mobilize in resource-poor areas?; What are the consequences of weak mobilization of Radiologic services in resource-poor areas? And; What is the factors to consider for the mobilization of Radiologic services in resource-poor areas? The Research Descriptive Analysis Method will be adopted in this study. It can answer questions of what,’ ‘where,’ ‘when, and ‘how,’ but not questions of why.’

Some of the considerations to be taken into account in the provision of radiological services and resources for rural healthcare are reliable electricity and the conditions for imaging machines. In order to reduce the possibility of malfunction and disuse, imaging devices to be used and delivered should be designed to operate with easy maintenance, work efficiently in areas with unreliable electricity, and should also be provided with simple troubleshooting manuals that a non-technician can check and easily understand. If not diagnosed and treated at the right time due to their inadequate knowledge of diseases, what to do and not to do for prevention, and lack of access to any diagnostic imaging can make their simple illnesses much worse. The most important key factors to be taken into account in mobilizing rural health care are the location of the area, reliable electricity sources, high-quality imaging machines in good conditions, long-lasting resources, and well-planned action. Radiology services and resources in rural areas in need of high-quality health care should be mobilized to the maximum possible extent.

Conclusion

The researchers were able to understand and provide answers to the questions stated by this study through the information in the discussion of this study. All the information gathered and available materials create a huge impact on the study.

• This research concludes that null hypothesis will be rejected and do not reject alternative hypothesis which is mobilization of radiologic services is not significantly effective in resource-poor areas in the Philippines.
• Radiologic services are mobilized with the reliable electricity and conditions of the imaging machines are some of the considerations to be taken into account in the delivery of Radiologic services and resources for rural healthcare.
• The consequences of weak mobilization of radiologic services are it can make their simple illnesses much worse if not diagnosed and treated at the right time due to their insufficient knowledge on diseases.
• The factors to consider in this research are the location of the area, reliable electricity sources, high-quality imaging machines that are in good condition, long-lasting resources and well-planned action are the most important key factors to be taken into account in mobilizing rural healthcare.

Recommendation

Researchers recommend that individuals study other factors to be considered in mobilizing resource-poor areas, as our study focuses mainly on mobilizing radiological services in poor areas in the Philippines and has not gone any further. In addition, the government needs to pay more attention to the health care system in the Philippines, in particular by mobilizing equipment for services in resource-poor areas, conducting in-depth research for the improvement of mobilization of radiologic services in resource-poor areas in the Philippines, and assess what they can offer, ergo, there will be a better healthcare service for families living in resource-poor areas. The researchers recommend that De La Salle Science and Health Institute use this library research as a learning material that can help students understand and gather more information about the mobilization of medical resources in the Philippines. Lastly, the researchers are recommending to future researchers with the same matter that the scope of this study be broadened and ask individuals living in resource-poor areas, ergo, they can collect more data to have more and better results that can beneficial to everyone.

References:

1. Editage Insights. (2019, October 29). Study Background & Introduction. Retrieved on December 08, 2020, from: https://www.editage.com/insights/what-meaning-scope-and-delimitations-study
2. Andrews, J. et al. (2010, October 14). “Turning a blind eye: the mobilization of radiology services in resource-poor regions”. Retrieved on December 08, 2020, from: https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8603-6-18
3. McCombes, S. (2019, May 15). “Descriptive research”. Retrieved on December 08, 2020, from: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
4. Meštrović, T. (n.d). “What is Radiology?”. Retrieved on December 08, 2020, from: https://www.news-medical.net/amp/health/What-is-Radiology.aspx
5. Maru, D. S. R., Schwarz, R., Jason, A., Basu, S., & Sharma, A. (2010, October). Turning a blind eye: The mobilization of radiology services in resource-poor regions. Research Gate. Retrieved on December 09, 2020, from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47428242_Turning_a_blind_eye_The_mobilization_of_radiology_services_in_resource-poor_regions
6. Periera, A. G., Vergara, L. G. L., Merino, E. A. D., & Wagner, A. (2015, October). Solutions in radiology services management: a literature review. Scielo. Retrieved on December 09, 2020, from: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-39842015000500298

The Earth has been around for more than 3 billion years. In all these years, it has encountered an environmental problem known as pollution. Water pollution is a huge problem for the entire human population. In the Philippines, approximately nine million people use unsafe and unreliable water sources. (Water.org, 2019). Water pollution along with improper sewage causes fifty-five deaths a day (The Borgen Project, 2018). It is said that rapid increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization are the main causes of water pollution in the Philippines (Water Environment Partnership in Asia, 2003). Several solutions are already being used to combat this growing problem. Water treatment facilities were built in communities during the Manila Third Sewerage Project of 2004-2010 (The World Bank, 2013).

In the Philippines, Manila Bay is an area of central economic activity. It facilitates shipping, industrial, commercial, and other activities which is why it is also one of the most polluted waters in the country. Another reason for this may be because of its connection to the Pasig River. It is said that about 21% of the pollution found in Manila Bay came from the Pasig River. This pollution is commonly derived from households. (PEMSEA, 2019) Due to the severity of the pollution, the Manila Bay Rehabilitation Project was developed. The rehabilitation of Manila Bay began around January of 2019. Cleanups happened in different areas simultaneously (Rivas, 2019).

Individual effort can also be exerted to combat water pollution. Homes can come equipped with a water filter system making the house’s water safe to drink and bathe in. However, not all Filipinos can afford water filters. Filipinos find that even the cheapest water filters are difficult to use and afford. There are one million and five hundred thousand Filipino households that have no access to safe drinking water; there are several suggested solutions to this problem. A recently developed pitcher equipped with its own water filter was developed by the Department of Science and Technology. It is made from red clay and has the ability to filter tap water and deep well water. This is a cheap way for less fortunate people to have clean drinking water (Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2016).

Another study suggested the use of plant xylem from sapwood coniferous trees as a water filter through pressure-driven filtration. Sapwood can filter several liters of water per day, it is inexpensive, and easily accessible (Boutilier et al, 2014).

Similar to using plant xylem, there are several plants that can be used to filter water. Plants such as Golden cannas (Canna flaccida), rushes (Juncus spp.), water lilies (Nymphaea spp.), and bulrushes (Scirpus spp.) are among these.

Bulrushes (Scirpus spp.) are perennial grasslike plants that grow in solitary or clusters. It grows in wet locations such as ponds, marshes, and lakes. It has several industrial uses—food supply, horticulture, basketry and weaving. (Beetle, 1950). It may also act as a filter for it can absorb poisonous metals and toxic microorganisms. This can help in reducing water pollution in the Philippines. (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2017). This has been tested in other countries. A study of ponds showed that bulrushes prosper in polluted waters than in clean waters. This experiment was conducted in one of the European rivers by pumping the heavily polluted Rhine River water into one end of an artificially made bulrush marsh. The discharge that came out of the other end, after passing through the marsh root system for approximately one or two weeks, showed a substantial decrease in the quantity of phosphorus and nitrogen as well as an increase in oxygen content. (Seidel, 1957).

Water pollution already has several suggested solutions. Therefore, proper application, management, and funding are what are necessary to finally end this growing problem. The continued increase in water pollution puts billions of Filipinos and the entire world at risk of more health-related problems.

Introduction

Social justice is a fundamental principle that strives for fairness, equality, and inclusivity within a society. In the context of the Philippines, a country with a rich cultural heritage and a diverse population, social justice plays a crucial role in addressing systemic inequalities and promoting a more equitable and just society. This essay aims to provide an informative overview of social justice in the Philippines, highlighting key issues, initiatives, and challenges in the pursuit of social justice.

Historical Context

The Philippines has a complex history shaped by colonization, socio-economic disparities, and political upheavals. Decades of colonization by Spain, followed by American occupation and Japanese occupation during World War II, have had a profound impact on the social fabric of the country. These historical events have contributed to persistent inequalities, such as land ownership disparities, income inequality, and limited access to education and healthcare.

Key Issues in Social Justice 

1. Poverty and Income Inequality: Despite significant economic growth in recent years, poverty and income inequality remain prevalent in the Philippines. Many marginalized communities, particularly in rural areas, continue to struggle with limited access to basic necessities, education, and healthcare. Addressing poverty and income inequality is a crucial aspect of social justice in the Philippines.
2. Land Reform: Land ownership and agrarian reform are central issues in the pursuit of social justice. The Philippines has a history of concentrated land ownership, with large estates owned by a few elite families. Land reform initiatives seek to redistribute land to farmers and indigenous communities, ensuring equitable access to resources and empowering marginalized groups.
3. Access to Education: Education is a vital component of social justice, providing individuals with opportunities to break the cycle of poverty and contribute to society. In the Philippines, access to quality education remains a challenge, particularly for those in remote areas and low-income households. Efforts are being made to improve access, enhance the quality of education, and bridge the education gap.
4. Human Rights and Social Welfare: Ensuring the protection of human rights and providing social welfare services are integral to social justice. The Philippines faces various human rights challenges, including extrajudicial killings, labor exploitation, and discrimination against vulnerable groups. Promoting human rights and establishing comprehensive social welfare programs are crucial steps in advancing social justice.

Government Initiatives

The Philippine government has implemented various initiatives to address social justice issues. These include:

1. Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Program: The CCT program, also known as the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, aims to alleviate poverty by providing cash assistance to poor families conditional on their children’s school attendance and regular health check-ups. This program seeks to break the cycle of poverty and improve access to education and healthcare.
2. Universal Healthcare: The Universal Healthcare Act was enacted to ensure that all Filipinos have access to quality healthcare services without financial barriers. This initiative aims to address health disparities, improve health outcomes, and promote social justice by providing equitable access to healthcare services.
3. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP): The CARP was established to address land ownership disparities and promote equitable access to land resources. Through land redistribution, support services, and capacity-building programs, CARP aims to empower farmers and indigenous communities, enhance agricultural productivity, and reduce rural poverty.

Challenges and the Way Forward

Despite significant efforts, the pursuit of social justice in the Philippines faces challenges. Limited resources, political instability, and corruption hinder progress in addressing systemic inequalities. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated social justice issues, further widening existing gaps and exposing vulnerable populations to greater risks.

To overcome these challenges, sustained commitment and collaboration are crucial. Strengthening governance, promoting transparency and accountability, and investing in social welfare programs are essential steps toward achieving social justice. Furthermore, addressing root causes such as unequal distribution of wealth, land reform, and inclusive economic growth are critical to building a more just and equitable society.

Conclusion

Social justice is a vital aspect of nation-building in the Philippines. It involves addressing historical injustices, reducing poverty and inequality, ensuring access to education and healthcare, and promoting human rights and social welfare. While challenges persist, the Philippine government, civil society organizations, and the people themselves are actively working toward a more equitable and inclusive society. By continuing to prioritize social justice initiatives and advocating for systemic change, the Philippines can move closer to realizing its vision of a society where all individuals have equal opportunities and rights.

Introduction

Social justice is a fundamental principle that strives for fairness, equality, and inclusivity within a society. In the context of the Philippines, a country with a rich cultural heritage and a diverse population, social justice plays a crucial role in addressing systemic inequalities and promoting a more equitable and just society. This essay aims to provide an informative overview of social justice in the Philippines, highlighting key issues, initiatives, and challenges in the pursuit of social justice.

Historical Context

The Philippines has a complex history shaped by colonization, socio-economic disparities, and political upheavals. Decades of colonization by Spain, followed by American occupation and Japanese occupation during World War II, have had a profound impact on the social fabric of the country. These historical events have contributed to persistent inequalities, such as land ownership disparities, income inequality, and limited access to education and healthcare.

Key Issues in Social Justice 

1. Poverty and Income Inequality: Despite significant economic growth in recent years, poverty and income inequality remain prevalent in the Philippines. Many marginalized communities, particularly in rural areas, continue to struggle with limited access to basic necessities, education, and healthcare. Addressing poverty and income inequality is a crucial aspect of social justice in the Philippines.
2. Land Reform: Land ownership and agrarian reform are central issues in the pursuit of social justice. The Philippines has a history of concentrated land ownership, with large estates owned by a few elite families. Land reform initiatives seek to redistribute land to farmers and indigenous communities, ensuring equitable access to resources and empowering marginalized groups.
3. Access to Education: Education is a vital component of social justice, providing individuals with opportunities to break the cycle of poverty and contribute to society. In the Philippines, access to quality education remains a challenge, particularly for those in remote areas and low-income households. Efforts are being made to improve access, enhance the quality of education, and bridge the education gap.
4. Human Rights and Social Welfare: Ensuring the protection of human rights and providing social welfare services are integral to social justice. The Philippines faces various human rights challenges, including extrajudicial killings, labor exploitation, and discrimination against vulnerable groups. Promoting human rights and establishing comprehensive social welfare programs are crucial steps in advancing social justice.

Government Initiatives

The Philippine government has implemented various initiatives to address social justice issues. These include:

1. Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Program: The CCT program, also known as the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, aims to alleviate poverty by providing cash assistance to poor families conditional on their children’s school attendance and regular health check-ups. This program seeks to break the cycle of poverty and improve access to education and healthcare.
2. Universal Healthcare: The Universal Healthcare Act was enacted to ensure that all Filipinos have access to quality healthcare services without financial barriers. This initiative aims to address health disparities, improve health outcomes, and promote social justice by providing equitable access to healthcare services.
3. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP): The CARP was established to address land ownership disparities and promote equitable access to land resources. Through land redistribution, support services, and capacity-building programs, CARP aims to empower farmers and indigenous communities, enhance agricultural productivity, and reduce rural poverty.

Challenges and the Way Forward

Despite significant efforts, the pursuit of social justice in the Philippines faces challenges. Limited resources, political instability, and corruption hinder progress in addressing systemic inequalities. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated social justice issues, further widening existing gaps and exposing vulnerable populations to greater risks.

To overcome these challenges, sustained commitment and collaboration are crucial. Strengthening governance, promoting transparency and accountability, and investing in social welfare programs are essential steps toward achieving social justice. Furthermore, addressing root causes such as unequal distribution of wealth, land reform, and inclusive economic growth are critical to building a more just and equitable society.

Conclusion

Social justice is a vital aspect of nation-building in the Philippines. It involves addressing historical injustices, reducing poverty and inequality, ensuring access to education and healthcare, and promoting human rights and social welfare. While challenges persist, the Philippine government, civil society organizations, and the people themselves are actively working toward a more equitable and inclusive society. By continuing to prioritize social justice initiatives and advocating for systemic change, the Philippines can move closer to realizing its vision of a society where all individuals have equal opportunities and rights.

According to Elie Wiesel, “Without memory, there is no culture. Without memory, there would be no civilization, no society, no future”. That being said, we need memories to be able to recall and recollect our culture, doing so would lead us to history or our past. Some historical books and accounts discuss culture as a whole and culture in different parts of the world. These accounts would help us understand, comprehend and appreciate our values, principles and beliefs. These accounts will also help us understand why we act what we act today. David P. Barrows’ book presented a lot of historical accounts from before the Spaniards came to the Philippines up until the moment we, the Filipinos, gained our independence from our conquerors. It was written in there the way of living of our ancestors, the way they hunt, migrate for food and build their own shelter. The book also contains the characteristics and traits of the early Filipinos without the influences of the Spaniards. We can also read there the things that were passed on to us by our conquerors, such as their religion, way of living, languages, songs, music, and even architecture.

What Is Culture?

Andrew Reimann wrote that culture is a set of perspectives shared by a group of people and reflected in their actions, relationships, communities, and artefacts. The key to understanding culture as it relates to communication is developing an awareness and acceptance of different perspectives. The world consists of different types of people, groups, countries and even religions, which makes culture so diverse and various, and as an individual, it is hard to understand totally different cultures from different types of people and groups. According to Paolo Coelho, “Culture makes people understand each other better. And if they understand each other better in their soul, it is easier to overcome the economic and political barriers. But first they have to understand that their neighbour is, in the end, just like them, with the same problems, the same questions”. Culture can be destructive and really damaging for two divergent parties, it can break them, but it can also bind them together if these two parties learn to appreciate and recognise that they are different in a way but also similar in most aspects.

The Filipinos under the Conquerors

Our beloved country and countrymen were heavily influenced by the colonization of Spain and the United States. It is stated in a lot of history books that because we were under the regime and reign of the Spaniards for almost 400 years, our own Filipino culture was almost stripped away and forgotten by our ancestors that being said Spanish culture is being greatly reflected by our Filipino culture, we inherited various traits, behaviours, even languages from them, and even if there ruling ended, that did not mean we were already free, and we will never be free. After the Spaniards the Americans came, and our country once again fell into the hands of its new conqueror, and because of this occurrence, once again we acquire a different culture and language that is totally new to us and we barely knew. Fortunately, after years of fighting for our independence, the Americans granted us the freedom we wanted on July 4’ 1946. But because of American dominion for 50 years, the Philippines and the Filipinos continue up until now to mirror American as well as the Spaniards’ influences. Ethnically, the Philippines is the most diverse country in Asia. Filipinos generally descend from the Malay, Spanish, Negrito (indigenous group) and Indian, Chinese, and Indonesian groups. Because Filipinos are naturally diverse, our culture and values are also diverse and broad.

Filipinos’ Beliefs and Values

Filipinos often enlist the opinions of others because group consensus is crucial. Pakikisama, or maintaining good feelings and getting along with others, is a dominant cultural theme; smooth interpersonal relationships are valued above all else. This value is often portrayed when a certain situation happened, and in that situation, we have to choose whether the comfort ourselves or the comfort of others, and because we Filipinos are known to be good at pakikisama, of course, we will gladly choose the comfort of our companion than ourselves’ comfort. Filipinos’ sense of justice, fairness, and concern for others is manifested in the concept of pakikipagkapwa-tao. Interpersonal relationships are seen as the primary source of happiness and security. Because of this, Filipinos will usually be indirect, hide their anger, and avoid confrontations. Hiya, or shame, involves a loss of face with the accompanying feelings of embarrassment, inferiority, and alienation. If a Filipino does not respect his or her elders, does not reciprocate favours, or engages in other inappropriate behaviours, he or she is said to be walang hiya. Hiya is closely related to amor propio or a high degree of sensitivity that causes one to have easily wounded pride. Filipino families are extremely hospitable; Filipinos are known internationally for their hospitality to visitors. Maybe the reason why we got invaded by our neighbouring countries is because we are so hospitable and welcoming. Up until now, this trait is visible. We welcome foreigners and other strangers in our country with open arms, which is why the Philippines is also a home for a lot of Chinese, Americans and even Middle Eastern people. We value punctuality less, this trait is sometimes called ‘Filipino time’ where we love to pass the time and move slowly. Assembly in the Philippines may start late due to latecomers. The embedded cultural concepts of bahala na (‘leave it to God’) and ganyan lang ang buhay (‘life is like that’) are often interpreted by Americans as passivity or fatalism. Bahala na and ganyan lang ang buhay may cause some Filipinos to appear as though they are unwilling to take action and be proactive, when in fact these beliefs enable Filipinos to survive great difficulties, tolerate hardship, and accept change gracefully.

Planning

According to Peter Hall, planning is an extremely ambiguous and difficult word to define. Planners of all kinds think that they know what it means; it refers to the work they do. The difficulty is that they do all sorts of different things, and so they mean different things by the word; planning seems to be all things to all people. We need to start by defining what exactly we are discussing. Planning is the art and science of arranging the physical space and environment to influence human behaviour. Jeff Speck narrated in his talk ‘4 Ways to Make a City More Walkable’ the story of planning, the story of the formation of the planning profession. When in the 19th century people were choking from the soot of the dark, satanic mills, the planners said: “Hey, let’s move the housing away from the mills”. And life spans increased immediately, dramatically, and we like to say that the planners have been trying to repeat that experience ever since. We could say that planning is just a matter of common sense and creating a better strategy to attack some present problems. Based on the story, the planners came up with a very simple solution that saved a lot of lives. But as time goes by, life in the urban and rural are turning a bit more complex than the years before. It may be a fruit of technological advancement and people being more civilised. The needs and wants of people before are very different, and this changed drastically. If we were to compare past problems and 21st-century problems, we will see very clear differences between the two, but it does not mean that the solution should also be different. The principles and objectives of planning will never change, no matter the time, problems and hindrances, it needs to resolve changes.

What Affects Human Behaviour?

Human behaviour is complex and a very broad matter to discuss. But the reality that we are humans made from flesh and blood leads us directly to the first factor or influence and that is biological influences, it is about our genetic makeup and the factors from our physical environment. We may notice the difference between the behaviour of a normal person and a person with a disability or, for example, someone who has Down syndrome. While social influence on behaviour includes those that took place historically in our lives. People who suffered abuse during their childhood may develop different types of behaviour when they grow up. Socially, humans are practically shaped by our environment; it can be the natural environment or the built environment. This is the nurture part of understanding human behaviours, then again, biological factors can be considered the ‘nature’ aspects of human behaviour.

Planning and Human Behaviour Correlation

The study of how both the natural and built environment affects human cognition and behaviour is known as environmental psychology. Traditionally, the bulk research on environmental psychology has been concerned with built environments rather than naturally-occurring settings. The decisions that are made concerning the materials to be used and the building system to be used can have far-reaching effects on the natural environment, as well as on the health and well-being of the building users. That being said we can conclude that planning a certain building or a certain environment for human’s sake really influences human health, behaviour and manners.

Example of Effects of Planning on Human Behaviour

On March 4, 2014, Cameron Allan McKean wrote about how blue lights on train platforms combat Tokyo’s suicide epidemic. The article is about a blue light at the end of the train platform and that its only purpose is not to aesthetically please commuters but to prevent them from jumping in front of oncoming trains and killing themselves. It was first installed on Tokyo’s Yamanote train line in 2009; these led lights are one example of Tokyo’s idiosyncratic response to the city’s suicide rate. In Japan, suicide takes more lives than natural disasters and traffic fatalities. It was recorded that in 2013, 2,825 people killed themselves in Tokyo. In Kanagawa, part of Tokyo’s suburban sprawl, a further 1,532 people committed suicide according to data released by the National Police Agency (NPA). Tokyo is a model of stressful urban living. Each day workers spend an average of 67 minutes commuting, according to a 2008 article in the Asahi Shinbun newspaper. Rush hour is the worst scenario commuters experience for they have to spend their time on a train that is so crowded, sometimes four times as many passengers as its designed rides the train. If we are going to think about its solution to stop the commuters from jumping is to put a barrier between the train’s platform and the railways itself. And if there is no research being done about how the blue led light affects the commuter’s behaviour, we will never consider such a crazy plan. But Tokyo’s city planner concluded that putting a platform barrier is not the best solution, plus it is more costly than installing blue led lights. Blue lights are believed to have a calming effect on people; they were installed for the same reason and expectation that they might calm agitated people. After some time of analysing the effect of blue light on suicidal commuters, it resulted in a decrease in the number of suicides by 84% (Matsubayashi et al., 2013). The findings suggest that the use of blue lights can be effective in preventing railway suicide.

Conclusion

With the help of some research and this paper I, therefore conclude and I firmly agree and support the definition of planning which state that it is the art and science of arranging the physical space and environment to influence human behaviour. I was able to analyze that a certain plan can affect human cognition and behaviour and it can have a short or long-term effect on us humans. It can give us good or bad results, and it can alter the way we think and the way we do things. So, for future planners out there, you should be very careful and cautious about planning certain surroundings for it may produce future human behaviour problems if it is not done properly and correctly and if you did not do proper research about planning. In planning things that may have a drastic effect on a large scale of people, planners should bear in mind the difference between reactive and proactive. Reactive strategies are those that respond to some unanticipated event only after it occurs, while proactive strategies are designed to anticipate possible challenges. Some problems that occurred in the Philippines showed how our very government attacks it. The Philippines’ government can be categorized as reactive for they only solve a certain problem or situation right away without proper research and study; as a result, the problem bears more problems instead of it being solved.