Category: Pets

Soon it will dawn and the sun will appear on the horizon; Intense and bright as usual. The sunbathing is the best moment of the day: who has not seen his cat lying on his stomach enjoying the heat it provides? It seems that its resistance to heat has no limit, and its state of relaxation and enjoyment pleases us.

Cats are mammals and, like all mammals, they need to maintain their body temperature. Especially when sleeping – your favorite activity – because during sleep hours your metabolism works more slowly and your body temperature drops. When a cat wants to sleep, what it looks for is the heat, whether from the sun, from its cozy little bed, from our lap, from a radiator, or even from an electronic device. Our pet will not find anything simpler and at the same time more rewarding than enjoying the pleasure of a nap in the sun.

Although cats like the sun, we must take precautions and ensure that our pet does not take it too much, especially in summer, especially if it is a cat with white hair or little fur.

The solar spectrum is made up of visible (40%), infrared (50%) and ultraviolet (9%) rays. In ultraviolet (UV) rays we distinguish UVAs – they are the most abundant, they cross the atmosphere and penetrate deeply into the skin – and UVBs – which are stopped by the ozone layer of the atmosphere and act more superficially on the skin. Part of the ultraviolet rays is reflected in the skin and the fur, but another part gets absorbed.

A moderate absorption of ultraviolet radiation from the sun is a healthy contribution to the cat since UVB radiation allows the synthesis of vitamin D (calciferol) in the skin, necessary for calcium absorption and bone structure formation. However, the contribution of vitamin D that triggers solar radiation is insignificant concerning the amount that our pet needs to obtain through its diet. Let’s not think that the sun will supply a balanced diet.

Excessive or prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays can cause severe damage to the skin’s cellular components. The rays can damage the epidermis and superficial blood vessels of the dermis. Also, they stimulate the production of free radicals, modify the structure of keratinocytes and alter the natural mechanisms of skin protection. When the local immunity of the skin is altered, the risk of bacterial infections in the area is increased. Prolonged exposure to harmful levels of ultraviolet rays can cause changes in the deep structures of the skin and the possible appearance of tumors. White or furless cats are the most vulnerable to these effects. In the rest of the races, the edges of the ears, the nose, the lower eyelids, and the lips are the areas with the highest risk of lesions.

The diseases or damages associated with the effects of the sun will depend on the intensity of the radiation, the exposure time, the density of the animal’s fur, pigmentation of the hair and the skin and individual susceptibility factors such as concomitant disease or other problems of the skin. The main effects to be monitored will be:

• Burns: they are the most immediate and visible damage. When they are deep they can be accompanied by secondary bacterial infections
• Solar or actinic dermatitis: has reddened skin, hair loss, irritation and inflammation of the area. When the exposure increases, scabs, ulcers, and blisters may appear that produce intense itching.
• Squamous cell carcinoma: Chronic skin damage can cause malignant transformation of cells, leading to a tumor
• Hyperthermia or heat stroke: mainly in the summer when temperatures rise to overwhelming levels. Felines do not sweat, and to release heat, they pant or lick

Although these diseases are not very common in cats, it is advisable to prevent these risks. So we must try to prevent our cats from being exposed to the sun’s rays, especially at the peak of the day and for a long time. We must resort to the use of sunscreen creams, specific to cats, and apply them in the areas of greatest risk. Creams marketed for humans should not be used as they may be toxic to the animal.

Establishments are continuously aware of the significance of employees’ well-being, satisfaction, commitment, and retention (Barker, 2005). A growing trend has shown that emotional intelligence, trust, and perceived organizational support can have positive impacts on employee performance, retention, as well as the general health of workers in organizations (Jain and Sinha, 2005). Reports have shown a link between the positive anecdotal reactions by employees and customers, with the concept of allowing pets in the workplace (Barker et al., 2012). These reactions concur with human-animal collaboration research supporting the role of pets as a form of non-evaluative social support that extends to the work environment. This is to enhance interpersonal interactions, positively affect employee morale and productivity, and decrease stress reactions. It has further reduced aversive physical, psychological, and behavioral reactions among employees (Jain et al., 2009).

In the past, pet owners found it stressful to leave their pets at home or with caretakers for too long (Rhatigan, 2016). Nowadays, the workforce comprising mostly millennials, are verbal about their expectations from their employers, and many desire their pets to come along with them to the workplace (Schiavo, 2019). On the verge of companies helping employees focus on maintaining a healthier sense of work-life balance, pet-friendly policies were created (Rhatigan, 2016). These policies aren’t only beneficial to pet owners, but also have a positive impact on the entire work environment (Carlisle et al., 2013). Furthermore, studies have shown that establishments that allowed pets into the workplace saw an increase in coworker trust and collaboration (Shute, 2012).

Managers who permitted pets at work have indicated that there are numerous benefits that can be derived from taking such an approach (Morris, 2019). It reduces the stress levels of workers (Barker et al., 2012), and contributes to the worker’s wellness, productivity, and efficiency (Schiavo, 2019). Rovner’s (2012) studies reported that petting one’s dog lowers the owner’s blood pressure. Other studies showed that interacting with animals lowers stress hormones, and increases people’s levels of oxytocin, prolactin, and norepinephrine, hormones related to joy, nurturing, and relaxation (Carlisle et al., 2013). It’s a neurotransmitter that’s said to increase confidence levels and reduce fear (Rovner, 2012). Using cortisol as a measure of physiological stress, researchers found a significant reduction in salivary cortisol in healthcare facilities after a few minutes of interaction with an unfamiliar therapy dog (Barker et al., 2005).

In exploring the response patterns of multiple indicators of physiological stress in dog owners interacting with their dogs or an unfamiliar therapy dog following a stress task (Barker et al., 2010), results showed similar patterns consistent with stress following the mental stress task and relaxation during and following the dog interaction. Of particular interest was the similarity in relaxation patterns seen whether adults interacted with their own or an unfamiliar therapy dog. Animal companionship can have a dramatically positive result on someone’s stress levels and mental health, according to Mental Health America. So having a pet-friendly workplace can be an important factor in the employees’ overall well-being (Schiavo, 2019).

From a Human Resource (HR) standpoint, one of the greatest significance of permitting pets in the work environment is associated with retention. A study showed that up to 83 percent of employees felt a greater sense of loyalty to corporations that implement pet-friendly policies (Banfield, 2016). In providing perks that will be appealing to workers and retain key talent, HR managers are coming to realize that offering pet-friendly benefits in the form of pet insurance, pets being at work with owners, or animal-related volunteer excursions—can be an effective instrument for improving recruitment, morale and even overall wellbeing (Roepe, 2017). Dogs and cats can also create a friendly and calm atmosphere that brings colleagues closer and allows opportunities for social interaction among units in the organization (Roepe, 2017).

There are diverse benefits to having pets in the workplace, from promoting a work/life balance to reducing stress and creating a social interaction environment, boosting morale and building trust, to of course increasing productivity,” (Schiavo, 2019). The benefits don’t just stop at current staff either but to prospective staff. To attract and retain the best young talent a pet-friendly policy could also work in favor of HR personnel.

I’m absolutely certain that dogs are the best pet to get and here’s why. If you are ever feeling down, dogs can almost instantly cheer you up. It’s like magic. Dogs can also help you stay healthy. By putting you through an intense workout session called ‘walk’ you could lose weight in no time. Mess? No problem the dog is just what you need. They are your own personal food vacuum that eats every mess that you make. Dogs are just what everyone needs to stay, happy, healthy, and clean.

Dogs can be used for comfort or if you’re lonely they will find a way to cheer you up. Do you cry a lot? No problem! You can hide your emotional tears in their fur. Sometimes they might lick your face to cheer you up and also wipe those salty tears away. They also work great as a pillow but a really lumpy one. One of the perks of owning a dog is that you notice their weird personality. Watching your dog do dumb stuff is pretty entertaining and sometimes it gets to the point where it gets uploaded to the web cause it’s so dumb. Sometimes dogs need comfort too and when they get too comfortable they might never leave you alone. Probably cause they saw that video you posted about them and they might feel embarrassed about that. So what we learned about dogs is that dogs are pillows for your emotional tears, they are weird, funny, and stupid, and that they will never leave you alone cause friends never leave each other.

Dogs are great motivators. Especially when it comes to exercise. Even the word ‘walk’ gets them excited and it results in you walking them to make them calm down. If you throw them a ball, stick, or frisbee they will never leave you alone until fetching becomes too tiring for them or they are dissatisfied with your throwing skills. It’s the most efficient weight loss program especially for couch potatoes cause once you start they will never leave you alone until they are satisfied with your workout. You will be fit in no time when you work out with a dog.

Dogs will eat anything that is put in front of them especially when it’s on the floor. Food on the ground? The dog will clean that right up. Bad leftovers? No problem they will dispose of that too. They are basically your own personal food vacuum. Sometimes they malfunction and try to eat things that are not food like garbage and shoes, sometimes hair. So what we learned is that dogs will eat anything put in front of them. Saves you the time and energy into cleaning it up.

Conclusion

So everyone should know that dogs are the best creatures on Earth. With their fluffy fur coat and comforting smile, you know that you want to be their best friend. They motivate you to walk with them, spend time with them, and exercise. As everyone knows dogs love food, and if you drop food on the floor, or have some stale bread that nobody will eat, dogs will eat it. If all of this doesn’t shout out ‘ get a dog’ I don’t know what will.

It has been scientifically proven that having a pet such as a dog or cat in your daily environment, improves your mental health. This is because when you spend time playing with your pet the stress hormone, cortisol, is reduced within your body. During lockdown, this hormone may have been increased as a result of the rule of social distancing, so having companion animals may have helped in this case. Pets undoubtedly bring joy to all families and with this they bring health benefits to us; for example, during lockdown one of the many reasons people bought dogs and puppies is to get out of the house when there was nothing else to do, so taking them on walks was the way forward and potentially lead to contact with other dog walkers.

Beneficial to many people during the lockdown period as well was cats. These pets were more advantageous to certain people who perhaps were not able to leave the house for exemption purposes. Research has suggested through previous years that just having a cat in the same environment as you can make you extensively less stressed and reduce your risk by 30% of experiencing heart disease.

Since the announcement to the nation in 2020 regarding the strict guidelines for individuals and companies, vet practices have been altered to only providing essential care for animals or carrying out work to sustain the food supply chain. Because this led to the reduction in human contact amongst workers, this has had a huge effect on all practices because they have had to either switch teams or put staff on furlough. The majority of vet practices have been operating by phone and video consults whereby staff are making sure animals are being handled appropriately and safely with zero contact whilst managing a closed-door policy.

In terms of owners looking after pets during lockdown, there has been lessened opportunities for pets to socialize and to be freely exercised. The first couple of months of a pet’s life sets the standards of their emotional, behavioral, and physical growth and development. This actively demonstrates that owners of pets need to contemplate how they will meet the needs of young and energetic pets whilst being limited to their houses and gardens. In respect to long term issues owners might have with their dogs, inadequate exercise, and a decreased ability to interact with other dogs can have an impact on their longer-term behavioral issues. One major issue is also what would happen to the pets if the owner was to fall ill and in fatal cases be subject to hospitalization during the pandemic.

In conclusion, individuals and families should be doing research into the breed of animals they are looking to buy, and investigate their welfare needs, socialization, health and suitability for your home and the people who will be in this environment. Buying any pet should never be a spontaneous decision, being in a pandemic or not. Vet practices are seeking many unknowns for their future, so owners of pets should be wary of social distancing measures and other restrictions before thinking of buying.

One recently published study shows that In Sydney, dog owners and dogs go to trips together 2.6 million times a week (Kent & Mulley, 2017). Unfortunately, pets are not allowed on public transport in Australia. Many people think pets should not be excluded from public transport. Because pets are part of many people’s life, and accepting their lifestyle is a sign of respect. Another point is, public transportation is made for convenient, but it limits the right of pet owners to enjoy these conveniences. Although there may be people who are allergic or afraid of dog, but this problem can be solved as long as the dog is kept at a distance from these people and the dog owner can control them.

Firstly, many people see pets as a family member, so these people don’t want their pets treated differently. These people think pets should be allowed on public transportation. As Lam a 48-year-old housewife in Hong Kong said, she has to leave her pet at home every time she goes out. Because pets can’t be taken on public transport in Hong Kong (Lou, 2019). This shows because pets are not allowed on public transportation, they are forcibly separated from part of people’s life.

Secondly, public transportation is for provide convenience to people. However, pet owners cannot use those resources, which is the opposite of what public transportation is supposed to do. Therefore, pets should be allowed on public transportation (Kent & Mulley, 2017).

In contrast, it is argued there may be noisy pets, or some people are allergic or fear of dogs. However, there are also many ways to prevent this from happening. For example, according Lou (2019), in Japan pets can be brought on public transport as long as they are kept inside a pet carrier. This is similar to many European countries policies. In Paris pets can be taken on public transport if they pass the ‘basket test’ (Kent & Mulley, 2017). Dogs that pass this ‘basket test’ will be put in to baskets or bags, limiting their size so that people can control them (Hincliffe, 2019). In addition, Civic Party lawmaker Jeremy Tam Man-ho suggests setting up pet carriages on weekends and public holidays for the convenience of pets (Lou, 2019). For other problems like pet noise, Ms. Hyndman-Hill said, the driver will have the right to decide whether to kick the noisy pet out of the car (Hincliffe, 2019). This means that the benefit of the passengers on board can be guaranteed. Therefore, if pets are allowed on public transportation there will be no resentment or problems.

After analyzing all the pros and cons, in the end I think that it should be allowed to use public transport with pets.

Biologists and philosophers have observed animal behavior for centuries. However, in the last century, there has been a significant progress in understanding this behavior. One approach to the study of animal behavior is comparative psychology. Comparative psychologists highlight studies of the genetic, neural, and hormonal bases of animal behavior. Genetic psychology, also known as behavioral genetics, is a category of psychology that investigates the genetic influence on human behavior. Studies of neural encoding aim to characterize the relationship between sensory stimuli or behavioral output and neural signals. This field of study involves psychology, biology, genetics and statistics. As you will read along, this paper consists useful information about genetic, neural, and hormonal bases behavior of a certain animal (dog) that will help us understand more about how they interact and their environments, and why they behave the way they do.

Our Dogs’ Genetics VS. Their Environments

Is our dog’s behavior genetic? “In the multifaceted interaction between genetics and environment, sometimes genetics takes the upper hand. Researchers have tested just how far genetic influences on personality can go by breeding animals for particular temperaments and absolutely nothing else (Hekman, 2016).” That much of dog behavior has genetic foundations is clearly obvious. The differences in nature and ability among breeds are well known and these differences are usually related with the purposes for which the breed was created. “This brief summary, which is typical of how dog breeds are classified, proposes some of the traits that have been subject to selection (Breed, 2003)”:

1. Sheepdogs (shepherds, collies, etc): They are selected for their strong ability to focus on sheep or cattle, their ability to manipulate the behavior of these animals, and their ability to learn and follow their handler’s commands.
2. Terriers: They are energetic hunters and they are very attracted to small animals.
3. Scent hounds (beagles, bassets, fox and coonhounds): They are able to behavioral exploit their strong sense of smell in tracing prey.
4. Retrievers (Labrador, golden): They are also known as gun dogs and they are selected for retrieving ability. An exact behavior that has been selected is a ‘soft mouth’ which is the ability to track prey without injuring the item or trying to consume it.
5. Companions and Toys (poodles, Pekinese, Chihuahua): They display behavioral traits that makes them eye-catching household pets.
6. Sighthounds (Afghans, borzois, greyhounds): They use their vision to track prey and are usually selected for high running speed, stamina.

In The Minds of Dogs (Neural)

Do dogs recognize and use language? The focus is on whether dogs use their numerous barks, growls, whines, and whimpers, combined with tail wags, body postures, and ear positions, to communicate with people as well as with one another. Some scientists argue that dogs are more in harmony to the emotional features of our word sounds than their actual meaning, and that their own signals are just noticeable expressions of their emotional state. According to Cattet (2013), author Jaak Panksepp and Lucy Biven, “The Archaeology of Mind: Neuroevolutionary Origins of Human Emotions (Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology) (2012”, stated that there are 7 basic animal emotions, or as he calls them, 7 emotional systems, based on specific neural systems that have been identified: Seeking, Rage, Fear, Lust, Care, Panic and Play.

Animal emotions are also considered to be at the basis of cognition or thought. In many ways, at the root of the majority of our actions is an emotion. Our emotions drive people and animals into action and dictate our decisions. However, there is a difference between our dogs and us. “The human neocortex offers us the ability to further process some of those primary emotions into more elaborate emotions like shame or guilt (Cattet, 2013).”

Humans and animals are so emotionally driven that it is significant to be able to classify and understand the seven basic emotional systems. Once we recognize what emotional state our dog is in, this can help us adapt our own behavior for a more positive and productive interaction. At the same time, we need to take accountability for our own emotions and understand their effects of our reactions and behavior on our pet.

1. Seeking: This system is at the basis of many behaviors. When we are involved in a task that we enjoy, we experience a certain amount of desire from the activity itself. In dogs, this system is triggered when engaged in behaviors they have been bred for, like herding, stalking, chasing or running.
2. Rage: This system is stimulated but cannot be content, like with extreme frustration, hunger or thirst, the person or animal can get angry. Rage can correspondingly ascend when the animal is limited from activity or when experiencing irritation or pain. Lack of love and acceptance, restriction from rights and pleasures, neglect or abuse, these all have the potential for damaging effects on the animal.
3. Fear: There are three separate neural trails have been known:

The high road: When the animal hears an unexpected noise or sees a frightening object, the info is passed to the sensory cortex where cognitive processing will take place. This is when the dog can make a choice of the best action to take to stay safe or to hide.

The low road: After the high road trail, this is when a dog has been previously exposed to a scary situation, that reminiscence is now kept and the information will go directly from the thalamus to the amygdala. In this system, there are no choices made then the dog will have an instant emergency response.

The royal road: This system is when the animal is recurrently visible to demanding situations, it will develop neural pathways that will help it expect and perhaps evade the situation overall.

• Lust: This system is involved in all reproduction activity and will provoke extremely wanted feelings.
• Care: This system is serious to the existence of the offspring. The care system is activated by a change in hormone levels and starts the mother’s capability to look after her young, but it is also involved in the bond that our dog and we develop for each other.
• Panic: This system triggers the areas in the brain that control also display significant overlay with areas responsible for physical pain suggesting that separation can trigger distressing emotional reactions to the animal.
• Play: This system is categorized by the release of endorphins or other opioids generating a euphoric state of mind. This is very important in animals as it indorses a more relaxed and happy state of mind. It also eases social attachments as well as better social skills.

Hormonal Influences on Dogs

Like many behaviors, aggression is a mixture of both nature and nurture. Early life experiences can form adult aggression in dogs, but so can the dogs’ nature, a characteristic partially controlled by hormones. A dog’s endocrine system is composed by several glands that are meant to produce hormones which are then pass on through the bloodstream where they have some effects on the dog’s body and mind.

Although a number of studies have looked at the role of testosterone and serotonin in aggression in dogs and other mammals, those hormones may be only portion of the story. According to Blue (2017), MacLean- a researcher in the University of Arizona- and his collaborators looked exactly at oxytocin and vasopressin — hormones that are also found in humans — and found that they may play a significant role in shaping dogs’ social behavior.

Oxytocin, which is significant in childbirth and nursing, is occasionally called the ‘love hormone,’ as its levels in humans have been shown to rise when we hug or kiss a loved one. Vasopressin is a closely related hormone involved in water retention in the body. In dissimilarity to oxytocin, it has been related to aggression in humans, with previous research suggesting that people with chronic aggression problems have high levels of vasopressin.

Understanding the behavioral impacts can help us recognize the fundamental drives or needs that our dogs may display. When a dog is barking, chasing, or even biting, he or she is experiencing an emotion that can sometimes develop and get worse if left unaddressed. Punishing a dog for reacting to other dogs, for example, may deliver the desired results by constraining the behavior, but has done nothing to lessen the underlying feelings associated with the behavior. In the long run, the problems are likely to come back. Incorporating these new ideas into our lives could help us develop even more operational procedures and help foster a positive environment.

Abstract

There are varied common diseases that can infect dogs. It is the main problem that happened to face by dog owners when they are have dogs as their pets. In that case dog owners will try to treat their infected dog on their own. This happen by dog owners who have no time to take the dog to meet veterinary when their dogs is unwell. Because they are always busy with their works. Sometimes this treatment was not suitable with that particular problem and it can become worse and harmful to their pets. But there are few systems that was developed in the world for animals which can find treatments according to given symptoms. It is a big issue for that kind of dog owners. Other issue is owners can’t remind relevant vaccination date of their dogs. And they have not good knowledge about relevant vaccinations and time limit of those vaccinations should be vaccine to their dogs. Because of that dog owners happened to face some difficulties with their dogs. Thus in this paper, my objective is to develop a web based online dog diseases diagnosis system with vaccination reminder system. This system can provide treatments according to the given symptoms and it display images of those diseases to find treatments easier. And this system can remind vaccination date to dog owners via SMS alert. This SMS alert can receive by dog owners one day before of relevant vaccination date. This system going to develop for only dog owners and it can be very essential even public health in society.

Introduction

In current day’s dogs are almost family members of their owners that living in the same house. Some owners like to keep dogs because they can be very familiar with human than other animal. Those kind of pets also happened to infected by some diseases like human. Therefore humans are prefer to care those dogs by preventing them from diseases. But it has not lots of ways to do that. They have only veterinarians, pet shops and their web sites to take care of these kind of non-human family members. Though they have veterinaries, some of emergency cases those pet care centers can be closed and they unable to contact veterinaries. Therefor if certain diseases had infected dog, some of owners will try to treat their infected dog on their own because they have no time to take their dog to meet a veterinary. So in that situation sometimes those treatments was not appropriate with that particular problem and it can be risky situation for their pet. So knowing about common dog diseases and being attentive of proper treatments can better help the owner in taking care of their dogs. According to this issue my system will assist to dog owners in detecting the dog diseases by provide treatments according to given symptoms. And the special thing is in this system diseases are categorized by various types and it can display relevant images according to relevant diseases. From that it can easier to find suitable treatments under the diseases.

Dog owners are constantly concerned about the health and safety of their dog always. Therefore, they take many steps in order to prevent their dogs from catching a disease. Therefore one of the options is vaccination. The issue in that is sometimes dog owners cannot remember the relevant date of their pet’s vaccination because they are busy with their works. Other thing is some owners do not know relevant vaccines, which should vaccinate to their dogs. It can be a big issue to dog owners. It affect to public health also. Because when their pet bite another person they ask about vaccine details about that dog. Another thing is currently dog healthcare centers use manual book to mark vaccination details of the dog. Therefore it can be lost easily by dog owners. So that it can be a big issue with above situations. Considering those things, I decide to develop this online dog diseases diagnosis system with adding vaccination reminder system. Thus this system can remind the relevant vaccine date to dog owners from a SMS alert. So, this short message service (SMS) is an important and useful service included in mobile phones. It is obtainable in all types of mobile phones as it is easy to use and can operate with minimal cost. So, this message will send to owners’ day before to relevant date. So this function is very useful to each and every dog owners to do their dos’s vaccinations properly. And also it’s very important to public health. In this system it has three users. There are veterinary, clinic staff and dog owners. They have major role to do in this system.

According to those things, this research is important for casual owners of dogs with the purpose to assist them in detecting the diseases based on the given symptoms and to do dog vaccination process formally. That mean I am going to develop a dog diseases diagnosis system for the dog owners who does not have deep knowledge on the dog diseases with vaccination remind system.

Literature review

Nowadays there are some type of online diseases diagnosis systems and vaccination reminder systems in the world. They had develop those systems by using variety of technologies. In that there are some expert systems developed about diseases diagnosis. Expert systems have been a highly active research field in the past few years as a mean of directing medical diagnosis and recommending treatment. There are many expert systems that were developed to diagnose human diseases, prescribing drugs or provide suggestive treatment but it is ongoing for animal diseases diagnosis. We can identify some of animal diseases diagnosis systems were developed in world.

There was a research is on developing a web based intelligent diagnosis for fish diseases(Li, 2002). This been a concern as diagnosing fish diseases is a complicated process and requires high level of expertise. This system diagnoses 126 types of diseases among nine species of primary freshwater fish. They had include all the rules for fish diseases according to two sections of symptoms pattern and the diseases in their knowledge base system.

There was a developed another expert system name Pig-Vet to diagnose pig diseases(Zetian, 2005). This system can diagnose 54 different types of pig diseases and symptoms. This system is specially developed for to pig farmers to diagnose, treat and prevent pig disease timely and effectively because of the insufficient of pig vets.

Cattle diseases expert diagnosis system(Zamsuri, Syafitri and Sadar, 2017) is another online diseases diagnosis system. It developed with forward chaining method. This is also develop with analyze the cattle diseases. So it could detect the disease without going to the veterinarian. Forward chaining method is a one of the correct method in this expert system and it began with symptoms to determine the illness. This system help to detection and showing the brief information about the Cattles easily.

MICH cow diseases diagnosis system(Diana, 2006) another web-based expert system for dairy cow disease diagnosis. This system was developed by Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture System Integration at China Agricultural University. It was a major outcome of Huo Yingdong Young Teacher’s Foundation. This web-based intelligent system can mimic human cow disease expertise. And this system also can diagnose 67 types of common dairy cow diseases with a user-friendly interface. It conduct online diseases diagnosis with contains a large amount of cow disease data and images

When we consider about vaccination reminder systems there is a Children vaccination reminder system(Abbas and Yusof, 2011) was develop by using short message service (SMS). This system was especially introduce to parents who are between 20 and 49 years old. Because this use a reminder system via mobile phone messaging service. It mentioned that Parents are always concerned about the health and safety of their children. Therefore, they take many steps in order to prevent their children from catching a disease. Therefore one of the options is vaccination. This system consists of data flow in reminding children vaccination schedule to their parents.

There was another vaccination system developed by Salameh, Alkafagi, Khunsri & Habbal to ensure pregnant mothers(Salameh, 2015) be warned regarding their pregnancy progress by sending SMS message. That was also web based system.

There was a system for fall detecting for the disable people. This system was developed with off-the-shelf electronic devices to detect the fall. They use a smart phone with an embedded tri-axial accelerometer sensor. In this system the data from the accelerometer is evaluated with a decision tree model to determine a fall. If a fall is assumed, a notification is raised to require the user’s response. In that if the user’s body is hurt and cannot respond, the system alerts pre-specified guardian with a message via SMS. Therefore, the fallen man can be cared for immediately. Like this they developed their system properly.

There was another system called Tika Tracker(Evaluate et al., 2011) which is automated mobile vaccination reminder system in South Asia. This system help to prevention of a number of life threating diseases. It include to remind diseases like measles, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, and pertussis. Tika Tracker remind complete vaccination rates during the first year of the life by sending automated SMS. This system can appointment remind and update vaccination records in real time and send those details to caregivers. Developers was used cloud based servers to store all the records. This system also implementing as a national public health programming.

There was a system developed for pneumococcal vaccination reminder. This was implementing in Adult Emergency Department. In this they computerize triage application screened. In this system documentation of vaccine administration added to the longitudinal electronic patient record.

Considering this study, Online Dog Diseases Diagnosing System will provide diagnosis module and treatment module as main modules. In addition this system will provide vaccination reminder system to users via SMS alert.

METHODOLOGY

According to this research online dog disease diagnosis system with vaccination reminder is going to develop by using some kind of methodologies.

A. Knowledge Engineering method

Online Dogs Diseases Diagnosing System going to develop based on Knowledge Engineering (KE) methodology. This methodology is suitable for this project because it support many types of knowledge based systems. This methodology include of special translator that able to control forward chaining mechanism and back forward chaining mechanism. The system going to implement under six phases within this method. Those six phases are problem assessment, data and knowledge acquisition, development of a prototype system, development of a complete system, evaluation and revision of the system, integration and maintenance of system. But this system going to apply only five phases from this phases. Because final phase is involved with integration and maintenance tasks. They are depend on organization that uses the system. This methodology is shown in following graph (Fig. 1). Considering this method its’ set of rules based on the symptoms. And the diseases will be stored in knowledge based and those diseases retrieve by using forward chaining technology.

Solution

When considering my main problem of dog’s owners has lack of knowledge about their dog’s diseases and when owners busy with their daily works sometimes they unable to carry their dogs to veterinary because of they haven’t time to that. And other reason is sometimes dogs’ healthcare centres may be closed. Other problem that happened to face dog owners is they can’t remember vaccination dates of their dogs. According to those problems I’m going to develop Online Dog Diseases Diagnosis System with Vaccination reminder system as my solution.

So this system provide all of the solutions to above problems. Proposed system has three users. They are veterinary, clinic staff and dog owners. Veterinary able to search his or her patients and add relevant treatments operations and vaccine details to the patient profiles. And clinic staff able to create pet health record mark vaccinations in relevant dog owners’ profile. Dog owners are able to login this system and owners can create an account and after that they can get their relevant vaccination schedule. From that the system remind to owners relevant vaccination date via SMS alert to their mobile phone day before of relevant vaccination date. This system also provide details about affected diseases to dogs and solutions to those diseases according to symptoms that provided. And it also display images of those diseases and each and every diseases are categorized under diseases types. This can use each and every dog owners without login to the system.

Conclusion

According to all those things we can get a clear idea about how this diagnosis systems going to developed and what kind of methods that going to use. There are many online diseases diagnosis systems developed but there was very few online diagnosis systems developed for dogs. Other systems were developed for human diseases diagnosis or other animals like fish, pig, cow etc. Dogs are very closely with human so I think this system is very important to society.

There are some technologies used to develop previous online diagnosis systems. As example ART2 learning system, Knowledge engineering, forward chaining method. By using those methodologies they have developed expert online diseases diagnosis systems for dogs and other systems are Cattle diseases diagnosis system, MICH cow diseases diagnosis system and vaccination systems like children vaccination reminder system, etc. There are some human and other animals like fish, pet, cattle diseases diagnosis systems have developed rather than dogs’ diagnosis systems. So I am going to develop online dog diseases diagnosis system to dog owners who love their dogs.

References

1. D. Li, “Fish-Expert: a web-based expert system for fish disease diagnosis,” ScienceDirect, vol. 23, 2002.
2. F. Zetian, “Pig-vet: a web-based expert system for pig disease diagnosis,” ScienceDirect, vol. 29, 2005.
3. A. Zamsuri, W. Syafitri, and M. Sadar, “Web Based Cattle Disease Expert System Diagnosis with forward Chaining Method,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 97, no. 1, 2017.
4. N. Diana, “A WEB BASED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR ACADEMIC By,” vol. 2, no. July, pp. 1441–1445, 2006.
5. A. H. Abbas and Y. Yusof, “Children vaccination reminder via SMS alert,” 2011 Int. Conf. Res. Innov. Inf. Syst. ICRIIS’11, no. November, 2011.
6. A. Salameh, “Web Based Support for Pregnant Mother,” no. January 2011, 2015.
7. O. Evaluate, A. L. E. U. P. Improve, A. S. Up, P. Innovate, A. S. Up, and P. Health, “OVATE EVALUATE ALE UP IMPROVE ALUATE SCALE UP PROVE INNOVATE ALUATE SCALE UP An automated mobile vaccination reminder system in South Asia – Tika Tracker,” 2011.

A law exists that states that you are not allowed to treat people with disabilities differently because they are disabled or require any special requirements for example a guide or assistance dog. It is forbidden to not permit them into shops so why are they not allowed into school, isn’t that breaking the law?

There are over 7000 people with autism that rely on guide dogs in the UK, and that’s not even counting people with disabilities or who are epileptic, etc. guide dogs are quite incredible they have trained the help and better the lives of their owners who have disabilities, these professional dogs are trained to recognize when something bad is going to happen, for example when an epileptic person is going to take a seizure they can warn them so the owner can then be prepared and go to safety. Not only do these assistance dogs keep their owners safe they also give them comfort and a friend many children with disabilities as more likely to be bullied because of their disabilities, but there was also a study in 2008 that showed that 60 percent of students with disabilities were bullied regularly compared to the 25 percent of all students, and having the comfort or friend will really help them as they won’t feel alone, “her dog gives her comfort of not being alone, and helps with physical tasks. It’s like a befriending system”- Maria Chattington – Lowe (PCSO). So, if they can do all this then why aren’t they allowed into school? Isn’t that not only putting students in danger but also minimizing their potential?

For people with autism, they find many things harder than others, tasks that we can carry out easily such as focusing on one thing or getting into a routine we can stick to or even being in a social area can be extremely hard and stressful for an autistic person, and when they become stressed and can lead to dangerous situations such as a shutdown, which is much more likely to happen in a school environment where they’re put under pressure. But when they have assistance dogs it makes everything so much easier for them as they help introduce these routines for them and make it easier for them to focus, which could obviously help them in their school life and reach their full potential. There is a girl called Olivia who has autism and found it very hard to be in social environment like classrooms and focus on her work and school, and then she got a autism service dog and then she began to be able to go into classrooms with former students, was able to do her work and make friends as she felt more comfortable, “now that Olivia has Romeo and he’s in the classroom…I see her growing as a student more and more every day”- Olivia’s teacher. Does this not show you the difference the dogs can make if you allow them into the classroom, by not letting them into the classroom you are not allowing the child to grow as a person, do you think that is right?

Of course, there will be people who worry that having an assistance dog in school will be dangerous to the students as there is a chance it will bite one of them, which is completely ridiculous. Assistance dogs are not just pets they are professionally trained dogs that are trained to:

• To be well-behaved in social areas
• Have a gentle temperament

These dogs would never attack a student as they would never have been certified if there was a chance they would, anyone who says otherwise is simply wrong. There is also the fact student may be allergic to dogs but organizations take steps to minimize the risk of allergic reactions “The dogs are groomed regularly which may decrease levels of dogs allergens and the shedding of hair as well as removing saliva from the coat…an assistance dog will be kept on a premium quality diet which can help reduce dander (shed skin flakes) production. This shows how the organization takes steps and has obviously thought about the risk of allergies already, so of course no student will be in danger.

A law exists that states that you are not allowed to treat people with disabilities differently because they are disabled or require any special requirements for example a guide or assistance dog. It is forbidden to not permit them into shops so why are they not allowed into school, isn’t that breaking the law?

There are over 7000 people with autism that rely on guide dogs in the UK, and that’s not even counting people with disabilities or who are epileptic, etc. guide dogs are quite incredible they have trained the help and better the lives of their owners who have disabilities, these professional dogs are trained to recognize when something bad is going to happen, for example when an epileptic person is going to take a seizure they can warn them so the owner can then be prepared and go to safety. Not only do these assistance dogs keep their owners safe they also give them comfort and a friend many children with disabilities as more likely to be bullied because of their disabilities, but there was also a study in 2008 that showed that 60 percent of students with disabilities were bullied regularly compared to the 25 percent of all students, and having the comfort or friend will really help them as they won’t feel alone, “her dog gives her comfort of not being alone, and helps with physical tasks. It’s like a befriending system”- Maria Chattington – Lowe (PCSO). So, if they can do all this then why aren’t they allowed into school? Isn’t that not only putting students in danger but also minimizing their potential?

For people with autism, they find many things harder than others, tasks that we can carry out easily such as focusing on one thing or getting into a routine we can stick to or even being in a social area can be extremely hard and stressful for an autistic person, and when they become stressed and can lead to dangerous situations such as a shutdown, which is much more likely to happen in a school environment where they’re put under pressure. But when they have assistance dogs it makes everything so much easier for them as they help introduce these routines for them and make it easier for them to focus, which could obviously help them in their school life and reach their full potential. There is a girl called Olivia who has autism and found it very hard to be in social environment like classrooms and focus on her work and school, and then she got a autism service dog and then she began to be able to go into classrooms with former students, was able to do her work and make friends as she felt more comfortable, “now that Olivia has Romeo and he’s in the classroom…I see her growing as a student more and more every day”- Olivia’s teacher. Does this not show you the difference the dogs can make if you allow them into the classroom, by not letting them into the classroom you are not allowing the child to grow as a person, do you think that is right?

Of course, there will be people who worry that having an assistance dog in school will be dangerous to the students as there is a chance it will bite one of them, which is completely ridiculous. Assistance dogs are not just pets they are professionally trained dogs that are trained to:

• To be well-behaved in social areas
• Have a gentle temperament

These dogs would never attack a student as they would never have been certified if there was a chance they would, anyone who says otherwise is simply wrong. There is also the fact student may be allergic to dogs but organizations take steps to minimize the risk of allergic reactions “The dogs are groomed regularly which may decrease levels of dogs allergens and the shedding of hair as well as removing saliva from the coat…an assistance dog will be kept on a premium quality diet which can help reduce dander (shed skin flakes) production. This shows how the organization takes steps and has obviously thought about the risk of allergies already, so of course no student will be in danger.