Category: People

This paper tries to reviews the effects of unemployment in Kenya. How the effects are leading to home breakage, Kenyans are falling into depression. This has made the young people still in school downhearted and wonders if they will fall victim to unemployment. Unemployment cuts across the country in that, in every five people you meet on street one of them, is unemployed despite all the qualifications they possess. Kenyan has failed to reduce the level of unemployment since it has done nothing at all concerning unemployment. this study was done to get a clear picture of unemployment in Kenya and the effects they bring to Kenya. The impacts of unemployment and the connection linking the creation of job opportunities and the growth of the Kenyan economy. During the research, I found out that the rate of unemployment in Kenya is alarming. The main effects of unemployment can be broken down into mental health problems, social problems like low living standards. Corruption is one of the major causes resulting in the effects of unemployment. The problem with the unemployed people in Kenya is that they are not creative and innovative, they are waiting for employment instead of coming up with business ideas. Unemployed people lack the confidence to create jobs for themselves. Through this research, I found out that the problem lies with the education system which is knowledge-oriented and not skill-oriented. When the graduates come out of tertiary institution, they are full of content and lack practicality to deliver what they are taught while at school resulting in unemployment. this research expounds on the effects of unemployment. it explains the effects of unemployment on Kenya. The government needs to make the tertiary courses more practical than they are, this equips the learners with skills required for the market.

Introduction

I will be discussing the effects of unemployment on Kenya in general. I will be providing answers. Firstly, I will be identifying the effects of unemployment in Kenya. Secondly, I will be explaining how those effects have had a major implication on the families and the government of Kenya and the economy. And finally, I will be using illustrations to show-case how the effects of unemployment.

To begin with, I will first health issues as an effect of unemployment. Here I will use well-illustrated examples of how the Kenyan citizens have been frustrations and how they have acquired diseases out due to lack of employment. Some of the health effects include anxiety and depression due to constantly thinking about how they will secure employment hence contracting such diseases (Harnois & Gabriel, 2002). Here I will traverse in all corners and tackle all issues best of my knowledge about how unemployment has brought about mental disorders. I will also try to explain how unemployment has made it difficult to access medical services since it requires money to be attended to; consultation fees, laboratory fees, and money to buy medicine. Basically, for one to access any services they need money.

Secondly, I will tackle the social challenges that are accompanied by unemployment. The unemployed people are no longer welcoming fearing that when visited by friends and families they might lack what to offer them in return this is as explained by Havitz (2004). Unemployment has also rated the number of crimes in Kenya. This has resulted in people living in tension; the streets are no longer safe as they were before. Unemployment has led to the abuse of drugs and substance abuse. In this section, I will be explaining all the well-known social issues affecting society and the government in general.

Another social problem is that people are forced to engage in activities like prostitution just to be able to put food on the table. Way back in 2009 when paper mills were shut down, the people living around the factory were affected badly. Their living standards turned to worse, people got into a depression since they didn’t know how to take care of their family. Some of the workers took their own lives.

Thirdly, I will be dealing with the economic issues as an effect of unemployment on the Kenyan economy and how they have caused the economic state of Kenya. I will also illustrate how unemployment has made Kenya a begging nation and how it is beyond its debt capacity.

Unemployment has done more harm than good to the jobless persons reducing their chances of being employed. When a person stays out of employment for a longer period of time, they tend to lose their efficiency on their performance hence their chances of securing jobs become fewer and fewer as the day passes (Dolton & O’Neill, 2002). When people are lacking jobs, they have no source of income and hence they cannot afford to pay their rent resulting in loss of their homes.

Unemployment has brought about political uncertainty. With the increasing rate of unemployment in the country, it has led to increased political tension since the unemployed people want jobs and ye none are produced resulting in scarcity and social inequity. Every unemployed person is in search of employment and when they here of a vacancy, the response from the unemployed people is always in large number (Guillebaud, 1942). This number is overwhelming and makes it difficult for them to be accommodated. A day cannot pass without cases of people fighting for jobs and ready to do anything in order to secure employment.

Finally, I will be concluding and giving my conclusions about the effects of unemployment. Unemployment has made life more miserable in Kenya. More to it will be discussed in detail below.

Health Problems

Unemployed has a lot of effects one of them being health-related problems. One of the effects of unemployment is health problems.

Unemployment has brought about mental condition. Longer periods of time without any form of employment have brought about mental problems like depression, low self-esteem, anxiety just to mention a few especially when a person is in dire need of employment as illustrated by Burdo (2018). This comes when the person seeking employment is true needs employment. Depression is achieved when the unemployed person thinks a lot about how to get employed but finding none. The inability of not being able to pay the bills will lead to one thinking a lot bringing about tension to occur to the individual and hence resulting to anxiety, depression and reduce the self-esteem of the person seeking employment (Jin, Sha, & Svoboda, 1997). This may also result in loss of human life.

Unemployment has led to the acquisition of diseases. This happens when the person seeking a job, does everything in their power possible to yield employment but nothing comes their way as stated by Burdo (2018). This has led to one thinking a lot resulting in one getting diseases like high blood pressure which comes about when one thinks a lot. The jobless people think about what will happen tomorrow how will they settle their bills. The unemployed persons lack basic commodities and sleep on an empty stomach and go for a longer period of time without consuming any food, this results in ulcers.

Unemployment has also made it difficult to access health services. For one to be examined, diagnosed or even treated they must have money and thus making it difficult for the jobless person to get medical services as elaborated by Hollands (2012). Doing the lab test requires money, without money you one cannot buy medicine let alone doing consultations with a medical practitioner making the unemployment vulnerable to sickness since they have no cash with them. This puts a major challenge to the unemployed people in the Kenyan society since accessing treatment is expensive.

Tension occurs leading to anxiety and the body to strain. The unemployed persons tend to think a lot about how they will survive and how to secure employment (Burdo, 2018). Unemployment has led to an increase in anxiety attacks in the country. The state of the mind of the Kenyan people is wanting, many youths have been diagnosed with anxiety and advised to seek counseling. This trend is becoming more common as the rate of unemployed persons has increased drastically. Re-employment has been one of the key solutions and the most definite cure of regaining the mental health of the unemployed people (Harnois & Gabriel, 2002).

Social Problems Due to Unemployment

Unemployment has brought about major implications for society. Unemployment has led to an increased rate of crime. An idle mind is a devil workshop and since the Kenyan person spends most of their time looking for employment finding none they resort to crime as outlined by Havitz (2004). They engage in burglary and robbery activities which are dangerous. This being the only way to generate income, but it comes at a cost; someone must be injured in the process. It is a do or die problem since it may result in death or acquiring injuries. Since they have to survive and settle their bills, they are forced to do the unthinkable.

Unemployment has led to tension at home. It is said that money makes life more comfortable and without it, life becomes unbearable. Unemployment has led to the breakup of many families as their family expenses cannot be catered. Families engage in arguments and quarrels resulting to increase of divorce. Family fights are on the rise and are constantly being reported occasionally.

High level of accidents. Most of the unemployed persons in Kenya have lost the meaning of life. They see themselves as not worthy to live, this makes them resort to taking their own lives in different ways. Some chose to end their lives by throwing themselves in front of speeding vehicles, some choose to hang themselves, as stated by Jin, Sha, & Svoboda (1997). Some of the people alternate to killing their entire life with the notion that they are setting their loved ones free from suffering.

Unemployment has led to increasing in drugs and substance abuse. The abuse of drugs has led to the contraction of diseases like HIV/AIDS through the sharing of syringes while using the drugs. Since the unemployed have nothing constructive to do they result to drowning their sorrows with alcohol, smoking cigarettes and bhang; this drug abuse has led to them acquiring diseases are very harmful to their health as it attracts diseases like liver cirrhosis, lung cancer and many more other as illustrated by Dolton and O’Neill (2002). And some of these diseases are not curable and have major effects on society and the individual at large.

Unemployment has led to stigmatization in Kenya. Unemployment brings more than just no work the individual it also brings about the disgrace that the unemployed person has to endure since no one likes to be referred as unemployed or an idle person. Stigmatization has led the unemployed to have low self-esteem and not trusting their own actions.

Unemployment has led to low standards of living. Since the unemployed persons have no income to cater to the basic needs, their life basically is a hand to mouth; they take what comes their way they have no choice as elaborated by Grusky, Western and Wimer (2011). This has brought about major repercussions like malnutrition due to improper feeding. Increased rate of disease attraction since there is no balanced diet hence the defense mechanism of the body is weakened.

Hollands (2012) found out that unemployment has let to immoral activities have. Unemployment has forced people with no jobs to engage in prostitution just to put food on the table. Sex has been commercialized and it is no longer sacred as it was created for. It is being used to generate income. Unemployment has forced persons with no employment to engage in immoral activities just to make their life better.

Unemployment has reduced the number of social outings. This is because there is no money for such activities and the few, they have is not even enough to cater to the family needs. The level of interactions between friends is decreasing drastically due to lack of money and time for the activity as elaborated by Guillebaud (1942). Some see this as a waste of time, instead of visiting one another they may as well spend that time in search of employment. Unemployment has made persons fear to visit one another as they have nothing to offer. The East African Railways was amongst the largest employers in Kenya and when it was shut down it led to loss of jobs and many people lost their jobs the case is the same when poster was forced to reduce its staff this led to reduced number of social outings and family visiting the upcountry (Frank & Charles, 1938).

Economic Issues

Unemployment has increased the rate of government borrowing. When the number of the unemployed increases the amount of revenue collection drops because the number of people working making the government to incur more debt by borrowing this is as explained by Burdo (2018). This will force the government to come up with projects that will help those within the source of income, this makes the Kenyan government spend money meant for development to the unemployed people (Frank and Charles, 1938). The government of Kenya not only pay the unemployed but also the family of the unemployed also are given some household things (Guillebaud, 1942).

The spending power of the unemployed is limited. The unemployed people have no place to generate income but what they can do is spend. This makes them spend restrict fully. As time goes by their expenditure decreases immensely and the problem is that they prefer saving to spending hence their spending power is limited this is as proven by Burdo (2018). As the expenditure reduces the economy is tempered with hence a stagnant or depreciating economy that is not able to grow and fund itself resulting to borrowing from other nations and the world bank this is as clarified by Dolton and O’Neill (2002).

Unemployment reduces the gross domestic product. With the high number of unemployed people in Kenya show-cases that the economy is operating below its complete ability and it is working below its potential resulting in the government giving out more but getting nothing in return (Burdo, 2018). This pushes the government into more debts making Kenya not to work towards the vision 2030 goal but to work towards settling its debt (Havitz, 2004).

A long period of unemployment will result to wearing away of the skill. Simpson (2019) states that the more a person stays without practicing what they are trained for, they tend to forget how to perform and deliver their skills resulting in loss of the skill. This simply is stealing from the economy since the skill remains idle and no achievement is achieved from the trained skill resulting in the slow growth of the economy. This will also lead to denial of basic needs like education to the family of the unemployed being locked out of school due to lack of school fees.

Unemployment leads to loss of human capital. When people stay out of employment for a longer period of time makes them loose on the monthly training that keeps the employers at per with the emerging trends about the jobs and hence reducing the level of service delivery, this is as labeled by Dolton and O’Neill (2002). If an employee is out of employment for a longer period of time, they tend to lose the vital element of the job, this results in slower service delivery as illustrated by Simpson (2019).

Conclusion

Unemployment is a critical issue that cuts across the country, tackling it needs professionalism. The effects are tremendous as discussed above. The only way we can reduce the number of depressed people, the number of divorces, the rate of people taking their own lives is through coming up with measures to reduce unemployment in Kenya. Children have been forced out of schools, families have been forced to relocate back to upcountry due to the high cost of living and yet they have no source of income to settle the bills. This discussion can go on and on over decades but if we don’t face it as a country, it will still haunt us.

References

1. Burdo, H. (2018, October 25). The Positive & Negative Effects of Unemployment. Retrieved from biz fluent: https://bizfluent.com/12082582/cons-of-welfare
2. Dolton, P., & O’Neill, D. (2002, April). The Long‐Run Effects of Unemployment Monitoring and Work‐Search Programs: Experimental Evidence from the United Kingdom. Journal of Labor Economics, 20, 23. DOI:10.1086/338686
3. Frank, J., & Charles, R. (1938, July). Urban Unemployment and Economic Growth in Africa. Oxford Economic Papers, 65 No 4, 25. DOI:e/2662403
4. Grusky, D. B., Western, B., & Wimer, C. (2011). The Great Recession. Russell Sage Foundation. DOI:10.7758/9781610447508
5. Guillebaud, C. W. (1942). The Economic Journal. Effects of Unemployment upon the Worker’s Social Relations and Practices, 123, 4. DOI:10.2307/2225723
6. Harnois, G., & Gabriel, P. (2002). Mental health and Work: impact, issues, and good practices. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/mental_health/media/en/712.pdf
7. Havitz, M. E. (2004). The Diverse Worlds of Unemployed Adults: Consequences for Leisure, Lifestyle, and Well-being. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. Retrieved from http://muse.jhu.edu.libraryspu.remotexs.co/book/12175#info_wrap
8. Hollands, K. (2012). Effects of Unemployment on Health and Mental Based on Gender. Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers, 47. Retrieved from https://sophia.stkate.edu/msw_papers/38/
9. Jin, R. L., Sha, C. P., & Svoboda, T. J. (1997). The Impact of Unemployment on Health: A Review of the Evidence. Journal of Public Health Policy, 18, 27. DOI:10.2307/3343311
10. Simpson, S. D. (2019, May 7). The Cost of Unemployment to the Economy. Retrieved from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0811/the-cost-of-unemployment-to-the-economy.aspx

As we all know unemployment has many effects on the individual. Whether you want to apply for a job in your home country or even in another country, unemployment is becoming a big issue that many countries are facing. Whether it’s due to robots doing a more efficient and faster job than humans or maybe even a more precise job than humans, this issue is becoming a worldwide issue that must be solved. And that’s why in this essay we will be discussing the effects of unemployment on the individual. And how these effects are leading many people to problems like depression, anxiety and other kinds of illnesses.

So, as we all know the effects of unemployment is causing many people various of issues like depression, and many other health problems. Studies show that workers who became unemployed are most likely to die a year or two earlier than what a normal person would. Also, studies show that the more time the person spends being unemployed the more severe these health and other issues become. And that’s why these many health issues that occur to an unemployed worker are very dangerous. Because these issues may ultimately lead the unemployed worker to resolve his problems by committing various crimes and other uncivil acts. And that’s why there are many effects of unemployment on the individual like health consequences, future employment, and social life.

First let’s discuss the effects of unemployment on the individual’s health. One of the many effects that unemployment has on the individual’s health is increasing the stress levels of the unemployed person. For example, the unemployed person may have a family to feed and take care of. So, the stress of providing for the family may cause the unemployed person to have high levels of anxiety. And that’s mainly due to constantly having to worry about earning enough money to provide and care for the family. Another effect of unemployment on one’s health is the increase in risk of getting sick or ill and the increase in smoking/alcohol consumption. Now when the unemployed person has high levels of anxiety and lack of sleep that can cause the person to get sick or ill. which is mainly due to the body not getting enough rest and time to recuperate. Which ultimately causes the immune system to become weak and unable to defend the body from the risk of getting an illness. Also, high levels of anxiety can increase the unemployed person’s consumption of alcohol and smoking. “More than 26,000 lives may be lost to the effects of drug abuse this year. This tragic impact is felt in communities across this great nation. Sadly, many of these deaths occur among our young people” (Cummings, 2019). And that’s due to the unemployed person trying to find a way to cope with the anxiety and depression.

Second let’s talk about the effects of unemployment on the individual’s future employment. Some of the effects of unemployment on the individual’s future employment is the difficulty of finding work in the future. And that’s mainly due to the unemployed workers losing their job skills from being unemployed for a long period of time. Which may cause the employers to refuse the unemployed worker from working at that specific company or business. Also, unemployed workers may result to learning new skills for certain jobs because of this long period of time being unemployed and losing their prior skills of their previous job. Another effect of unemployment on one’s future employment is the increase in competition for employment. Because of the unemployed person losing their skills from being unemployed for a long time. That can make the competition of employment even stronger. And that’s due to not having unique skills and experience to make the unemployed person unique.

Finally let’s talk about the effects of unemployment on the individual’s social life. One of the effects that unemployment has on the individual’s life is the increase in crime activity. According to Cash, “Sometimes I am two people. Johnny is the nice one. Cash causes all the trouble. They fight” (2019). When a person is constantly in desperate situations that can cause the dark side of that person to appear. “Desperate affairs require desperate measures” (Nelson, 2019). And that’s why these desperate situations are very dangerous. As they can cause the person to start questioning their morals and do things that they might regret in the future. Another way unemployment effects the individual’s social life is causing a lot of family tension and housing stress. When the unemployed person is constantly trying to get a new job that can cause a lot of housing stress and family tension. And that’s due to the anxiety of constantly thinking of your financial situation.

In conclusion, there are many effects of unemployment on the individual like health consequences, future employment, and social life. Whether these effects can harm society in a good or bad way, we can all agree that unemployment nowadays is a big issue that must be resolved. And that’s why in my opinion I think that people should try to find ways to resolve the issue of unemployment. As solving this issue can reduce the anxiety and stress of finding a job. And can also help people avoid the increase in alcohol and smoking consumption due to the anxiety and stress caused by unemployment.

References

1. Elijah Cummings Quotes. (n.d.). BrainyQuote.com. Retrieved November 28, 2019, from BrainyQuote.com Web site: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/elijah_cummings_347181
2. Johnny Cash Quotes. (n.d.). BrainyQuote.com. Retrieved November 28, 2019, from BrainyQuote.com Web site: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/johnny_cash_386019
3. Horatio Nelson Quotes. (n.d.). BrainyQuote.com. Retrieved November 28, 2019, from BrainyQuote.com Web site: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/horatio_nelson_167954

Reducing the unemployment rate in a country is one of the responsibilities of the local authorities to ensure that the people and producers of the country have sufficient resources. As we all know, unemployment can be caused by two sides, namely demand-side failures and supply-side failures. Therefore, there are two strategies used to address the problem of unemployment namely the demand-side policies, which is to reduce unemployment caused by recession, and the supply-side policies, to reduce structural unemployment.

Demand-Side Policies

The government, in its efforts, could control the economic recession and cyclical unemployment it caused by applying demand-side policies modelled by the Keynesian unemployment theory. The policy proposes that the government increase spending and lower taxes so that the people’s disposable income increases. If income increases, then aggregate demand (AD) will increase. There are two ways under this policy: fiscal policy and monetary policy.

Fiscal Policy

Fiscal policy will be implemented if the government wants to increase aggregate demand and enhance overall economic growth. This policy involves cutting tax rates and increasing government spending. If the government does this, the disposable income of the people will increase and cause more consumption and demand. This will increase aggregate demand (AD) and subsequently increase real gross domestic product (GDP). If demand is high, manufacturers will produce and supply more and offer more jobs and thus reduce unemployment. Also, as aggregate demand increases, fewer bankruptcies will result in fewer people losing their jobs due to the productive economy.

However, this policy also has its disadvantages. This policy also depends on the willingness of the buyer to buy. Tax deductions will not increase AD if people prefer to save rather than spending for some reasons. Secondly, this policy provides for a long time to affect the AD increase. Also, inflation will occur if this step is implemented in a situation where the economy is almost fully capable because fiscal policy only works if there is an output gap. Lastly, in order to carry out this step, the government requires a lot of funds to borrow and this is not possible for countries with high debt levels.

Monetary Policy

Monetary policy will involves controlling and distribution of money in an economy where here it reduces the interest rates to promote loan-making. If interest rates on making loans are low, many people will be encouraged to borrow at lower costs and to spend more and invest more. Also, reducing interest rates can improve export competitiveness in order to raise the demand in the circular flow. All of this could lead to an increase in AD and in turn increases GDP, thus firms producing more and will in turn employ more workers and therefore, the unemployment rate will start to decline.

Monetary policy also has drawbacks, like fiscal policy, it depends on other AD components such as the willingness of buyers to spend and consume because household may borrow but not spending much. In addition, interest rate reductions cannot encourage AD increases if financial institutions such as banks find it difficult to provide loans, especially to lower income group, due to low interest rates returns.

Supply-Side Policies

Supply-Side Policies

The supply-side policy to improve employment issues focuses a lot on microeconomics aspects. This policy does not intend to improve AD, but focuses on labor market problems and solve them. Supply-side unemployment includes frictional, structural and classical. There are many policies used to address the issues of unemployment caused by supply-side.

Education and Training

Education and training schemes need to be focused on skills and qualifications that will enable the unemployed to find jobs in the new industry. This policy aims to reduce structural unemployment where it is caused by a mismatch between the workers’ skills and the ones needed by the employers. Through this, the government can fund training schemes in areas where there is a shortage of skilled workers. For example, if hospitals are lacking of nurses, the unemployed can undergo vocational training in the field of nursing for free. This will enhance the skills and marketability of the unemployed to meet the emerging labor market.

Despite that, there may be weaknesses by the government. For example, government departments may be slow to respond to changing market choices and subsidize training schemes that employers no longer need. Also, offering a training scheme will not necessarily have a high worker’s intake rate if the unemployed are unsure or unable to learn and acquire new training and skills as they are not sure of the benefits.

Employment Subsidies

Employment subsidies or hiring subsidies are steps taken to open up job opportunities by providing financial incentives to the private sector to hire long-term unemployed by reducing labor costs for firms. Labor costs can be reduced through subsidies to cover payroll. This led firms to hire more workers and in turn increase the employment rate. Also, the increasing demand for labor will encourage inactive workers to enter and fill the vacant workforce.

However, if these subsidies are only provided for a limited period of time, firms may only take advantage of this period and subsequently reduce the number of workers not long after the subsidies are withdrawn. This reduces the effectiveness of this measure over the long term. In addition, if this step were only given to the long-term unemployed to start working, the firm might act by replacing current workers with many more long-term unemployed to gain incentive benefits and reduce cost. Also, this measure requires a lot of funding and spending from the government and it could be a burden in the long run for the government’s debts.

Geographical Labor Mobility

The unemployment rate in some areas is higher than in others. This is also known as geographical unemployment where employment opportunities in their current location are limited and opportunities for them to migrate to areas of increasing employment are also constrained by the costly housing factor. Therefore, the government can take steps to provide and build affordable housing or provide financial assistance to the unemployed to relocate to labor-intensive areas. For example, the government of Malaysia has taken the initiative to address such unemployment by providing housing allowance to all public servants that varies in amount according to different area of stay to help them settle.

However, other factors also contribute to the geographic immobility, such as when workers are unable or unwilling to be relocated to new areas due to strong social and family ties where the unemployed cannot distance away from family and friends. Also, some parents do not want to interfere with their children’s education with the need to change school setting. Moving to a new place can be a pressure for some people to adapt to new surroundings or even to be familiar with new cultures which can also be barriers to relocating the unemployed.

In conclusion, it should be noted that unemployment is a serious socio-economic problem that requires immediate action from the state to reduce its level.

Employment (the number, quality, and security of jobs available) is an important social concept. The fact that income is directly correlated to employment creates the societal notion of class. As such, lack of employment is, consequently, also an important economic aspect that has a direct connotation with the make-up of the society. This literature review aims at effectively analyzing the extent to which unemployment negatively impacts society (unemployment as a social problem) through the eyes of 5 credible sources that explore the same.

Introduction

The conventional perceptions regarding employment (or lack thereof) involve the economic perceptions of the same. The number of job opportunities available is normally directly associated with complex economic factors and concepts such as GDP, GNP and the like. However, in-depth analysis into countries, regions and even societies in the world with varied and different employment rates reveals an obvious disparity between the social and cultural framework of these societies.

Social elements and factors such as race, crime, drug, and alcohol abuse have a direct connotation with the rates of unemployment. Economists and social scientists alike continuously strive to establish the various causes and effect relationship between unemployment levels and the general make-up of the society. The same will be further explored in this paper.

Literature Review

Ben Casselman’s article ‘With 8 Years of Job Gains, Unemployment Is Lowest Since 1969’ is an exploration of the state of employment (and unemployment) of America as in 2018. Casselman explores the changes in unemployment rates since 1969 through descriptive statistics. According to the article, unemployment in America fell to a record level over the past 50 years (3.7%). Consequently, more Americans (more than 50%) fall in the middle-class income category. As such, more Americans live comfortably, they have access to healthcare services, save, and can afford holidays and vacations among other perks of living in this income category. As such, more American are receiving treatment for mental problems, recovering from drug abuse. Also, less American is engaging in crime and other social evils. Indeed, America has almost fully recovered from the effects of the 2008 recession, with average income growing by 3% since 2008. However, what does this growth and expansion of income mean for society?

Further developing on the casual inferences made by Casselman on unemployment, it is imperative to investigate the relationships between societies with significant levels of employment with one that is considered the opposite. According to ‘Addressing Individual and Community Impact of Mass Unemployment: A Public Health Response Framework’ (2017), the work of Homolova, Grey, Bellis, and Davies, there is a subtle relationship between rates of employment and certain health-based factors affecting the society. For example, the authors identify a positive relationship between mortality rates and unemployment. They suggest societies with higher rates of employment have higher mortality rates. Unemployed people are more likely to be depressed, engage in drug and alcohol abuse as well as commit suicide, more so if the unemployed individual(s) has dependents. Unemployed people are 30% more likely to engage in these practices that potentially decrease their chances of survival.

According to Fallahi, Pourtaghi and Rodríguez’s ‘The Unemployment Rate, Unemployment Volatility, and Crime’, deviating from the scary correlations of unemployment and death, another obvious implication and impact of unemployment is a crime. Indeed, areas and societies such as Honduras, Ecuador, South Africa, and other low-income and high employment countries face the problems of subsequent high crime rates. Indeed, the authors of the above-stated article tried to explore the exact relationships between unemployment and the frequency (and type) of crimes associated with the same in contemporary American society. Although all forms of crime generally increase as a result of unemployment, as stated by the authors, there are underlying relationships between certain crimes and unemployment (both short term and long-term unemployment). For example, the authors discovered significant direct correlations between theft, grand theft auto, and burglaries with short term unemployment. Indeed, the need for income creates a sense of desperation among the recently unemployed, leading them to engage in these forms of crime.

Brand in his ‘The Far-Reaching Impact of Job Loss and Unemployment’ (2015) tries to deviate from the transcending impacts of job loss and unemployment on the society in general (the socioeconomic impacts) and tries to focus on the subtle impact of the same on the individual. In this regard, he tries to explore the socio-economic implications of job loss and employment. He cites the most prevalent impacts of unemployment and job loss is the deteriorating psychological well-being of the individual. He cites the disruption of an individual’s status and structure of their relationships, which normally includes societal stigma faced by the person, anxiety, insecurity, and shame as transcending impacts of unemployment on the individual. A person’s societal role is disrupted once unemployed, which further disrupts their position and respect in the society. The overall effect of the same as already discussed, in the increased probability of engaging in crime, drugs or even suicide to escape from the psycho-social effects of unemployment cited by Band.

Boland and Griffin’s book ‘The Sociology of Unemployment’ is a conventional exploration of the sociological impacts of unemployment. Instead of describing and exploring unemployment as the lack of employment, it seeks to describe unemployment as an experience, a social ailment affecting all members of the society: children, the homeless, politicians and, ironically, the employed. The book’s exploration of employment is as enlightening as it is interesting. It seeks to explain the impact of unemployment on the society, the changes of class and societal role associated with unemployment, the prevalence of divorce and deteriorating relationships as a result of unemployment. It also tries to explore the contemporary view of unemployment, and the view of the same being the consequence of poor policies by politicians and the government that does not necessarily promote social welfare. Indeed, the key focus of the book is the exploration of the society’s perception of organizations and authorities that are tasked with creating employment opportunities and the social dissatisfaction in these institutions, as well as the role these institutions play in promoting social welfare through employment.

Theory/Discussion Section

Indeed, the problem of unemployment directly affects the unemployed individual. However, the indirect impacts of unemployment affect almost all people in direct social relationship with this individual: spouses, siblings, children, and dependents like the elderly (parents). Unemployment halts income flow in households. As a result, the direct dependents of the unemployed experience difficulty and lack in meeting their needs. Healthcare, education housing and other need become difficult to meet. However, unemployment benefits the higher ups in the class structure of the society (the rich and business owners) because they tend to spend less on labor, thus increasing their profits and earnings. Also, politicians get incentives to politicize the same for their gain.

The history of unemployment dates back to the industrial revolution. As the American society shifted from a predominantly agrarian society to an industrialized society, industries and companies were set up in soon-to-be buzzing urban centers. They attracted millions of people from all over the world who were fond of the idea of getting regular pay with little input and investment. However, class culture and marginalization of the labor force created social divisions between the business owners and the workers. Lay-offs became an aspect of American society, hence the concept of unemployment. The same transformation was felt and experienced in other parts of the world. The dynamics of employment faced during that time, still affect the society till this day.

The prevalent social institutions concerned with unemployment include the government, business organizations, and workers. The government strives to regulate the largely bad relationship between the labor force and business organizations (each front their interest at the expense of the other). These stakeholders can either interact (at least, as far as unemployment is concerned) at individual, organizational, national and sometimes even international level. Labor unions generally represent workers in such engagements. They try to advocate for fair treatment of workers (prevent unfair and unwarranted layoffs as well as promoting increased employment rates). In terms of possible solutions, the solution to the unemployment problem largely lies with government institutions. If policymakers create environments that improve and stimulate business growth, as well as advocating for fair treatment of workers, more people will be employed and satisfied with their work.

Conclusion

Indeed, unemployment is largely considered an economic problem. However, there is a direct connotation between unemployment and society. Essentially, these social connotations of unemployment either befall the individual or those in close social proximity with the individual. The unemployed are more likely to engage in crime, drugs and are more susceptible to depression and other psychological effects of the same that hinders their ability for positive and proactive sociological interaction. They are unable to fulfill their roles and face stigma and deteriorating relationships. However, the ability and responsibility of dealing with unemployment rest with the governments since its main role are to use its authority to promote social welfare.

References

1. Boland, T., & Griffin, R. (2012). The Sociology of Unemployment. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press.
2. Brand, J. (2015). The Far-Reaching Impact of Job Loss and Unemployment. Annual Review of Sociology. 41(1), 359-375. doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043237
3. Casselman, B. (2018). With 8 Years of Job Gains, Unemployment Is Lowest Since 1969. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/05/business/economy/jobs-report.html
4. Fallahi, F., Pourtaghi, H., & Rodríguez, G. (2012). The Unemployment Rate, Unemployment Volatility, and Crime. International Journal of Social Economics, 39(6), 440-448. doi: 10.1108/03068291211224937.
5. Homolova, L., Grey, C., Bellis, M., & Davies, A. (2017). Addressing Individual and Community Impact of Mass Unemployment: A Public Health Response Framework. European Journal of Public Health, 27(suppl_3). doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.347.

Unemployment has been an issue and a concern in most counties across the world, including the US, but unemployment is at the lowest it has ever been in 50 years. The factors include demographics, level of education, the introduction of automation/technology, economic conditions, and demographic characteristics.

In the United States, employments are frequently utilized as a proportion of the strength of the nation’s economy. The most broadly utilized percentage of unemployment depends on the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate alludes to the number of unemployed individuals partitioned by the total number of people in the work power. To effectively manage recruitment processes, many organizations have implemented sophisticated recruitment trackers. These tools streamline the assessment of candidate applications and ensure organized and timely interactions with potential hires. By enhancing the efficiency of human resources departments, recruitment tracker allow organizations to respond dynamically to the fluctuating demands of the job market. Such technological advancements are crucial for maintaining competitiveness in a rapidly evolving employment landscape.

Definition

Unemployment is a key financial pointer since it flags the (in)ability of laborers to promptly get beneficial work to add to the profitable yield of the economy. Increasingly jobless specialists mean less all-out monetary creation will happen than might have something else. What’s more, not typical for inactive capital, unemployed laborers will, in any case, need to keep up at any rate subsistence utilization during their time of joblessness. That implies the economy with high unemployment has a lower yield without a relative decrease in the requirement for essential utilization. High, tenacious unemployment can flag genuine misery in an economy and even lead to social and political change.

Types of Unemployment in the United States

Even though the meaning of unemployment is clear economists divided unemployment into various categories. The initial two broadest classifications of unemployment incorporate deliberate and automatic unemployment. Voluntary and involuntary unemployment is broken down into frictional, structural, seasonal and cyclical unemployment (McEachern, 2015).

Frictional Unemployment

One reason for joblessness is willfully leaving the workforce. A portion of the jobless have set aside enough cash so they can stop unfulfilling employments. They have the privilege to look until they find the perfect chance. The second reason is when laborers migrate. They are jobless until they discover a situation in the new town. The third reason is when new specialists enter the workforce. This incorporates understudies who move on from secondary school, school or any higher degree program. They search for a vocation that accommodates their new aptitudes and capabilities. That is an essential driver of youth joblessness. The fourth reason is when work searchers return the workforce. These are individuals who experienced a period in their lives when they quit searching for work. They could have quit attempting to bring up youngsters get hitched or care for old family members. These four causes are an unavoidable piece of the pursuit of employment process. Fortunately, frictional joblessness is normally willful and present moment.

Frictional unemployment occurs when an individual is in-between jobs. Frictional unemployment also comes from temporary transitions during which the workers make when shifting from job to job with the reason of either looking for better pay or a job w which directly matches their skills. It is also presented when a new worker, for example, college graduate searching for employment or returning workers into the labor force (McEachern, 2015).

Cyclical Unemployment

Cyclical unemployment occurs due to the business cycle itself and rises during the periods of recessionary and declines during economic growth periods. A typical example is when a worker has been laid off because of the reduced aggregate demand in the economy (McEachern, 2015).

The first reason for unemployment is when there are less occupations than candidates. The specialized term is request lacking joblessness. At the point when it occurs during the downturn period of the business cycle, it’s called patterned unemployment. The second is low shopper request makes patterned joblessness. Organizations lose an excess of benefit when request falls. On the off chance that they don’t anticipate that deals should get at any point soon, they should lay off laborers. The higher joblessness causes customer request to drop much more, which is the reason it’s repetitive. It brings about huge scope unemployment. Examples incorporate the monetary emergency of 2008 and the Great Depression of 1929.

Demand-Deficient Unemployment

Request shortage joblessness occasionally happens when wages are too high. That’s one of the contentions against higher least wages. Pundits contend that when organizations are compelled to pay a more significant compensation for every individual, they should release different specialists.

Structural Unemployment

When it comes to structural unemployment, the unemployment result when there is a mismatch in the demographics of the economy or mismatch in the industrial composition of the local economy. For instance, structural unemployment is high in regions characterized by technically advanced jobs available, but the people here lack the skills needed to perform these jobs. There can also be people with technical know-how on a given type of job, but such job does not exist, and therefore, they remain unemployed (McEachern, 2015).

In the United States, propels in new advancements have come about into a decrease in more established enterprises, for example, the US paper industry and therefore prompting the loss of occupation since individuals who were formerly working here had no specialized aptitudes on the innovation. Outstandingly, most beneficial specialists in the paper business, paper journalists, and editors have lost their positions over the previous decade due to the presentation of online promoting overshadowed papers. The laid-off columnists, editors, printers, paper deliverers, and so on., all have expanded the quantity of auxiliary unemployment.

Can an Individual Be Denied Unemployment?

In some cases, individuals may not be available for unemployment in the United States. To get benefits, you must be temporarily out of work with no fault on your behalf. If you have not met the state’s eligibility requirements, your claim may be denied through unemployment.

If an Individual Quits Their Current Job

On the off chance that you quit willfully, without high aim, your case for joblessness advantages will be denied. Each state has its own meaning of ethical motivation. A few states permit representatives to gather benefits just if their purpose behind stopping was identified with work, for instance, because their working conditions were unsafe, and the business wouldn’t take care of business. Different states permit workers to gather benefits on the off chance that they quit for specific, convincing individual reasons, for example, abusive behavior at home.

If an Individual Is Fired from Their Current Job

Numerous states permit workers to gather unemployment benefits if they were terminated for neglecting to fulfill execution guidelines or coming up short on the abilities fundamental for the activity. In these states, if the representative’s disappointment wasn’t deliberate, the worker will be qualified for benefits. In any case, each state precludes workers who are terminated for a specific offense, as characterized by state law. As is valid for qualification for benefits in the wake of stopping, a few states are more liberal than others in choosing whether advantages should be accessible after a representative is terminated.

If an Employees Benefits Are Granted

If an individual becomes eligible for the benefits, the state may decide to deny the individuals’ claim if that individual is no longer available, able, and actively seeking work. An employee must meet those ongoing requirements to continue drawing benefits. If the employee stops looking for a job, denied, or could not take the job they are offered, they will not be eligible for the benefits.

Not All Cases of Joblessness Create Unemployment

If somebody quits any pretense of searching for work, then again, the BLS doesn’t include them in the joblessness rate. On the off chance that somebody resigns, returns to class or leaves the workforce to deal with kids or other relatives, that isn’t joblessness because they never again search for work. Regardless of whether they would incline toward an occupation, the BLS doesn’t consider them jobless except if they glanced in the previous month.

Current Unemployment Rate in the United States

As indicated by The Statistic Portal (2017), the unemployment rate in the United States remained at 5.6 percent in the year 1990 and 4.4 percent in 2017.

Conclusion

Unemployment has been an issue and a concern in most counties across the world, including the US, but unemployment is at the lowest it has ever been in 50 years. In the United States, employments are frequently utilized as a proportion of the strength of the nation’s economy. The most broadly utilized percentage of unemployment depends on the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate alludes to the number of unemployed individuals partitioned by the total number of people in the work power. Unemployment is a key financial pointer since it flags the ability of laborers to promptly get beneficial work to add to the profitable yield of the economy. Even though the meaning of unemployment is clear economists divided unemployment into various categories. In some cases, individuals may not be available for unemployment in the United States. The regular pace of unemployment is somewhere in the range of 3.5.

References

1. OECD iLibrary. (2016). Back to Work, United States: Improving the Re-Employment Prospects of Displaced Workers. Paris: OECD.
2. McEachern, W. A. (2015). ECON Macroeconomics (4th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
3. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2015). How the Government Measures Unemployment. Retrieved January 23, 2018, from https://www.bls.gov/cps/cps_htgm.htm#unemployed
4. The Statistic Portal. (2017). Unemployment Rate in the U.S. 1990-2017| Timeline. Retrieved January 22, 2018, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/193290/unemployment-rate-in-the-usa-since-1990/

What is culture?

Culture is a mode of learning, behavior, and belief shared by different age, social or moral groups. It can also be interpreted as a complex of collective human beliefs, with the construction stage of Japan or a specific civilization of that period. Humans who use culture to adapt and change their living environment are likely to attract African Aschantes in central Ghana. You live with your family, but why do you want to live, because it is important to your culture. The art research of culture can be divided into two categories: persistence and basicity, which are diversity and variability. Human development and culture make them different from other cultures.

This is the difference between all cultures and heritage crops in the world. People need to adapt and change material, biological and cultural forces to survive. Culture is a kind of behavior and a kind of social norm of human society. It is a general term that ignores the knowledge, beliefs, and habits of individuals and society. Culture refers to specific people, social concepts, customs, and social behaviors. This is a word among a group of people, which means their way of doing things. Several people can have different cultures. Heredity is passed on through heredity and culture is passed on to the next generation through learning. Cultural criticism is a wide range of investigations, including many theoretical traditions of study and criticism of cultural spaces.

Culture is always old and well thought out. The key reason is that the core members of the Frankfurt School use interdisciplinary methods to study the elements of historical metabolism, sociology, and psychoanalysis. Members of the Frankfurt School are at the center of the economic relationship between the cultural and political methods of social management produced by media technology and cultural industries, far away from Marx’s concept. The sociological research of religion is reconstructed into promising new works, which adopt a cultural approach, thereby renewing the important theories and empirical effects of FCI. The three studies are drawn from three studies and theoretical developments, and importantly, it extends to the cultural analysis of previous religions.

Taylor believes that the term ‘culture’ is a universal phenomenon for all human beings, which is different from our physiological or biological characteristics. It refers to the person we are currently referring to. In addition, 19th-century theories like Taylor. The learning and sharing of culture are very important. It is important to remember that culture is learned through the languages band and models of other people, it is not transmitted genetically. Culture lies in the structure of language, vocabulary, and semantics. People with other cultures know that other languages also have concepts, rules, and emotions. This reminds me of the implicit connection between culture and language.

Culture is exposed to the different words, decisions, and actions of others, and is obtained from consciousness. We have learned our entire lives, and we are constantly learning our culture. We can find and incorporate a part of a party and culture through a party called a cross-cultural process, not a party. If we live in another cultural environment, do we have the opportunity to work with people from other cultural backgrounds? Your cultural traditions can be shared with music, song, dance, storytelling, and art. You can also avoid gaps by sharing all aspects of social impact. Because you will meet new people from different cultures, when you start to build connections and friendships, you tend to participate in their celebrations and life activities.

This kind of cultural exchange can realize that they may not understand their new home’s understanding of the new level of culture, and they can understand that the differences between them are greater but more similar. Cultural exchanges have already taken place in the lives of Americans. This does not mean that Americans abandon their traditions, but rather that they will cherish them and keep them to share with them. It will not share your culture means that you give up important things to remind you of the country or the region. Cultural diversity and universal cultural diversity are multiple cultural qualities, which are different from a single culture, a single global treatment, or cultural homogeneity, and are similar to cultural evolution. Cultural diversity can also indicate that they respect differences between different cultures. The phrase ‘cultural diversity is also used to refer to people in a specific area, a specific area, or all over the world. Cultural diversity is the same as multiculturalism. The importance of cultural diversity can be explained from the perspective of recognizing the existence of a large number of cultures. An example of cultural diversity may be working.

A general and overall answer towards the first sub question, are there psychological effects that are projected because of police brutality? Is yes. From analysing 4 different sources and 4 annotations I can understand that there are indeed psychological effects that can be conducted from police brutality. Not in every case are the psychological effects towards the victims of police brutality but to their peers, friends, family and loved ones. There are many different reports and cases of Americans feeling stressed, anxious, scared, disgusted and many more, towards the police department themselves but also social to those who aren’t the same race as them or if they know people who are involved with the police department, not also adults but children whose parents are police officers. Often African Americans are discriminated and therefore they are the general population that is being disgraced, however people who aren’t African American can be treated unjustly by African Americans who have an opinion on police brutality and racial abuse.

A lot of the sources I found were unreliable and were written by those who don’t have credibility or authority. When researching and selecting recourses I had to try and make sure they were written by credible authors. Not all the sources were credible and majority of them were objective or bias, however I found one source that I found to be the most credible and provided the right information for me to analyse. The source I choose was the BTN: The link between police shootings and mental health, this source has a credible author and the study was also conducted with currency and correlates with the time period of the whole research project question. I found this recourse on a news agency website and majority of the time not all news agency articles are reliable, however in this article I found a study that was done on another website by a credible author by the name of Dr. Atheendar Venkataraman in his study he researched how police officers kill over 300 black Americans a year in which a quarter of them have been unarmed and not committed a crime. He discussed how police officers abuse their authority and this leads to killing of innocent black Americans because of the opinion they have developed for them. He also discussed how there is a spillover effect for those who aren’t directly involved and the psychological effects it has on them, whether it is the opinion or viewpoint they create for police officers or the scarcity and discomfort they portray when being involved with anything to do with police officers.

Overall from researching my first sub question I have learnt that police brutality is a common problem and there are psychological affects that not only effect those involved but others around them, I also found it can affect those socially and change their perception and views on certain ethnicities and certain groups of people, not because of personal experience but also because of hearing events and stories about people they know or in the community.

Sub question 2 is a very touchy and precise question to answer, sub question 2 looks at the factors that may encourage police officers to commit police violence because of variables such as ethnicity, age, race and personal appearance. The question what are some ways we can prevent and re-shape contributing factors police brutality and or shootings? Doesn’t have an exact answer, however there are many ways we can analyse this and begin to brainstorm solutions to these problems. When having a good look at the question it is very broad and not every factor may be a contributor in each case, in some cases are the factors or variables that effect any police shootings/ violence. In Donuts video he tends to ask the community their opinion on the shootings and the opinion of a community can have a big effect on consequences and or solutions to many problems. While having a community opinion their voice isn’t always heard and in which is why police officers can get threats and or behavioural issues when trying to deal with while doing their job.

Race and communities therefore can be targeted because of the disrespect and issues that they create for police officers who are trying to do their job. While not all communities are attacking the police, it can anger and change the emotions towards certain communities when police officers encounter them. This is where the targeting and racial abuse can take part in policing, because of a certain groups actions towards a police officer any person with the same ethnicity as that group can be targeted even if they haven’t participated in any of the commotion. This can be a general however broad answer towards why racial targeting/ abuse is looked into and possible a reality, therefore from my personal opinion I can say that depending on the police officer and type of people they are dealing with the outcome can be positive or negative, depending on their mood and the behaviour the victim has with them is also a factor, many factors need to be taken into account which is why it is hard to conduct and answer.

Overall from researching my second sub question I have learnt that there are many factors that need to be considered when analysing a police brutality situation, however there is proof and examples of racial targeting in police violence however this can be changed by many factors on the day and type of situation. This means it needs to be known to both sides the ways to prevent situations such as these from happening again with the right training and teaching/ preaching.

My sub-question 3 is a great sub question to research, I found that this sub-question was a relief from reading sources upon sources of bad events and bias reports against police officers and the horrible psychological effects people go through and how their children carry that. This sub-question however focuses on making a step in the right direction to really put an end to police brutality, this is being done by riots and people standing up for their rights, children being informed by their parents how to approach the situation and the appropriate things to do, police officers interacting and socialising with young children to show they aren’t all bad and schools having guest police officers and giving the children a good way to create an opinion on police officers. This sub question overall was a good break while also being insightful and show that there is hope and that police brutality is a problem being solved however one step at a time.

This source also talks about psychological effects on kids and as seen in the YouTube videos the emotion that the kids have when talking to their parents sharing experiences that they have faced in their life, it is understood that this is actually a bigger problem than I would’ve ever realised. This sub question is a good way to really make a positive impact on the future of police brutality but furthermore racism and social targeting. The more that is being done will mean the more that will be done to prevent police brutality and give police officers a better reputation than they already have and the behaviours they must deal with because of it.

Overall the main thing that I got from sub-question 3 was being able to open up my opinion and look at the situations from many more sides and viewpoints than a police officer killed an innocent ‘black’ person. This sub question has created more emotion for me when analysing the information as I not only have to think about how I would feel being the police officer or the victim but also the children and how they will cope with the situation, who is going to tell them, how are they going to react and what needs to be done to prevent any psychological harm which will affect them and their behaviour in the future.

This quote, “Nonviolence is a powerful and just weapon. Which cuts without wounding and ennobles the man who wields it. It is a sword that heals,” by Martin Luther King Jr. exemplifies that brutality is not always the right path to take. In this case one of the biggest issues in America has always been police brutality. Over the years police brutality has slowly been increasing across the United States and it has driven a wedge between the trust of the communities throughout the nation.

Police brutality has always been an issue in the past. Though as the years have progressed it has not dwindled as expected but has continued to progress in rapid numbers. “….at least 293 people had been killed by American police. By the end of the year, the number totaled 1,114…By April 15, 2015 the number increased to 350…By the end of the year… 1,222 people killed by American police….” (Shaun King, 2018). The numbers have been steadily increasing throughout the years and nothing has seemed to put a stop to this. As seen in the quote above, one can tell that the numbers of unarmed shootings and killing among police officers and civilians is extremely high. The reasons for this are unknown, whether it is fear, racism, people having unidentified objects obstructing their view or officers having other motives remains unknown. However, even though police brutality has been around for an extremely long time, the nation started to pay closer attention and became rattled when Trayvon Martin was shot while walking down the street unarmed.

This sparked anger throughout the nation, and soon enough entire police departments came under fire. Communities all over the country came together in protest of the brutality shown towards Martin and it soon became the biggest news story during that time. Ever since that incident, the trust between the people and law enforcement became very tense. While brute force was shown throughout the country it was mostly seen towards people of color or minorities. Unarmed shootings was statistically proven to be higher in unarmed black men and young boys than in white men and young boys as seen in this quote: “Black men and boys face the highest risk of being killed by police — at a rate of 96 out of 100,000 deaths…white men and boys face a lower rate of 39 per 100,000 deaths despite being a bigger portion of the U.S. population” (Laura Santhanam, 2019). Due to past events in America’s long history, knowing that people of color were more prone to get killed by police officers made it difficult for people to sit on their hands and continue to let this happen. While the violence continued towards minorities, perceptions of police changed and became damaged. Aside from law enforcement perceptions changing, the perception of people of color changed as well and they were stereotyped as being violent and being criminals. Police in a lot of communities were now viewed as the enemy and people became scared of the men and woman in blue, for they did not want to become another statistic.

Demographics play a significant role in the treatment of civilians.Larger cities or cities with a larger population are more susceptible to having police related violence. According to an organization that maps out police violence, the top five cities which have more murders of unarmed civilians are: New York, New York, Phoenix, Arizona, Los Angeles, California, Jacksonville, Florida, and Chicago, Illinois. This can possibly be due to the fact that the hgher the population the higher the minority count. These cities with a high rate of unarmed killings also happen to have communities that are predominantly black or of color. There has been a pattern that these communities have been targeted more frequently than communities full of white people. ”’Blacks and whites live in two very different worlds with two very different worldviews on a variety of issues. One of those areas is police,’ Marin said in 2016” (Laura Santhanem, 2019). While bruutality has happened in both ends, white communities cannot compare with how much colored communities have suffered due to the increase of these violent outbursts. Communities from all over are on edge and have demanded that the situattion start to change.

Movements have rocked the nation and fundamentally shaken the core foundation on which America was built on. After the killings of: Trayvon Martin, Eric Garner, John Crawford, and Mike Brown just to name a few, protests and organizations started to form and grow rapidly. Soon organizations were known worldwide, one of the most prevelant movements to date is Black Lives Matter (BLM). This organization focuses on bringing attention and putting an end to police violence against african americans. Since brutality is extremely more common against colored people, it also happens to be the most popular movement. People of different types of nationalities and backgrounds have supported the actions taken by the organization and have allied with the communities that have been stricken by all the cruelty from the people who were sworn to protect them. “Groups associated with Black Lives Matter have advocated for a wide variety of policy changes—including body cameras, independent special prosecutors, and greater transparency in policing….” (Cambridge University, 2018). Precautions have been requested by the people nationwide, not only for the safety of their loved ones, but for the safety of officers as well. By adding body cams to every single officer uniform the investigations would be more reliable now that solid evidence can be provided. This safeguards the rights of unarmed civilians when they are stopped.

The movements do not only include organizations, but they also include protests. One of the most controversial protests that have made headlines is taking a knee during the national anthem. Many people have done this in solidarity towards the lives lost and the violence surrounding colored communities. Colin Kaepernick, an NFL player and activist, was one of the first to kneel and soon enough others followed suit. People who knelt were deemed disrespectful, but this protest was started to bring attention to the black lives being lost in the hands of law enforcement, which ultmatley worked because it was not long before adults and kids kneeled in camaraderie with Kaepernick and the Black Lives Matter movement. Movements such as this have brought communities from different backgrounds and different ethnicities togther from all over the world.

Finding an end to police brutality is a goal for these crusades. As Albert Einstein once said, “Peace cannot be kept by force; it can only be achieved by understanding.” The spike in police brutality is at an all time high and the trust is broken with the people.This nation is waging a war between law enforcement and its everyday public, but movements have begun to form in retaliation of the harm caused.

Works Cited

1. Erlanger , Turner A, and Jasmine Richardson . “Racial Trauma Is Real: The Impact of
2. Police Shootings on African Americans.” Psychology Benefits Society, 30 Nov. 2016, psychologybenefits.org/2016/07/14/racial-trauma-police-shootings-on-african-americans/.
3. King, Shaun, et al. “Data Shows Police Brutality in America Is Getting Worse – 2018 Could
4. Be the Most Deadly in Years.” The Appeal, theappeal.org/data-shows-police-brutality-in-america-is-getting-worse-2018-could-be-the-most-deadly-in-years-90c9fa503580/.
5. Santhanam, Laura. “After Ferguson, Black Men Still Face the Highest Risk of Being Killed
6. by Police.” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 9 Aug. 2019, www.pbs.org/newshour/health/after-ferguson-black-men-and-boys-still-face-the-highest-risk-of-being-killed-by-police.
7. “Police Accountability Tool.” Mapping Police Violence, mappingpoliceviolence.org/cities.
8. Vanessa Williamson, Kris-Stella Trump, and Katherine Levine Einstein. “Black Lives
9. Matter: Evidence That Police-Caused Deaths Predict Protest Activity.” Cambridge Core, Cambridge University Press, 16 May 2018, www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/black-lives-matter-evidence-that-policecaused-deaths-predict-protest-activity/BFA2E74F4BCB25C3C222807E8B1111D4/core-reader.

The world is always talking about police brutality and if police have used excessive force to capture a subject. Police brutality has always been around, but as media grew so did the talk about police brutality. There are people who are affected the most from the media fueling the fire on police brutality. Minorities like teenagers are being exposed to media every day, which makes them believe that all law enforcement officers are bad, but that isn’t true. It’s agreeable that brutality is a concerning issue in today’s economy. There are harmful and brutal times that police officers have killed a suspect. Media is what spreads the truths and lies. If we could fine smarter and better ways to detect police brutality, we can prevent situations that can further hurt another in the future.

The media can use these disadvantages for their own personal gain. Not all law enforcement agencies have corrupt officers. Most of them have honest and hardworking officers. From the internship offered by the Carlsbad Police Department, interns are firsthand working with officers every day. After contacting my instructor Corporal Josh Calder, he believes that “Anger makes officers go way too far. It can also be the case, that those officers feel they have the power to do whatever they please.” Some people forget that police are human too, which doesn’t make every single official in law enforcement is abusing their power. Is police brutality increasing in the United States? Definitely. According to Britannica, “Whereas racism is thought to be a major cause of police brutality directed at African Americans and other ethnic groups, it is far from the only one. Other factors concern the unique institutional culture of urban police departments, which stresses group solidarity, loyalty, and a “show of force” approach to any perceived challenge to an officer’s authority.”

Police brutality doesn’t seem to be slowing down. There are many times that officers have to make split-second decisions every minute they are out on the streets. These decisions effect the lives of the policemen, the defendants, and civilians. Officers have to decide if it is the right time to use hostile or deadly force to subdue the suspect. When researching police brutality, a lot of news stories show. One website is NPR.org. It has many coverages on this topic. Especially when police fatally shoot black security guard who detained shooting suspect. Another one is when Arizona police officers on leave after a video showed them punching an unarmed man. Throughout the year police brutality has always been abuse of authority. In truth the people who are affected by this are people of color. They’re subjected to racial inequality the justice system and sometimes law enforcement officers itself. This is a continuous thing that never seems to end.

According to Pacific Standard, “The F.B.I. is finally taking action against police brutality.” and “Director James Comey declared that the agency would start collecting more complete data on shootings involving police officers.” This shows that it’s happening way to frequent that now the FBI has to get involved. The justice system isn’t always in favor of innocent people. People have started to make riots and are trying to stand up for their right. This police brutality has changed the way everyone views officers. There are many that appreciate law enforcement officers for risking their lives but there are also many people who don’t respect officers because police brutality has made them look like they can’t be taken seriously.

Police brutality has made a big impact on society from the media. There are many reports that police killings and brutality id damaging mental health of the African American community. Kids are afraid to go out now due to this happening in big cities. In the end, there will always be law enforcement officers who submit to their oath taken in the academy on protecting and serving their community with honor and diligence. There will always be some officers who are corrupt, and they blend in by being someone they’re not.