Category: Of Mice And Men

Exploring Loneliness in “Of Mice and Men”: Curley’s Wife, Candy, and Crooks

Loneliness Portrayed in “Of Mice and Men”

Loneliness is spreading all around the world, and many people can’t have any choices. Imagine living the life without anyone. People don’t talk to you. So everyone should have someone to be by their side and give them support. In the novel Of Mice And Men, the author John Steinbeck writes about the character’s loneliness. Loneliness is a common theme in the novel, as demonstrated by Curley’s wife, Crooks, Candy.

The Isolation of Curley’s Wife

Curley’s better half is the main lady on the farm and has nobody who will converse with her-including her significant other. Her sexuality separates her from the other characters. She is exhausted and forlorn, yet her endeavor to draw in the consideration of the men on the farm just serves to push them far from her. She has effectively abandoned her fantasies of a better life as a motion picture star and seems to hang her expectations on any man who will tune in, “You know what I can do if you open your trap” (Steinbeck 80), Curley’s wife asks crooks if you help me I could do something else.

Candy’s Desperate Isolation

Candy’s treat is confined in that after the loss of his hand, he can’t work close to the other men and is diminished to the part of a swamper. When his pooch has been shot, Sweet has little else to live for and is frantically forlorn. He is urgently desolate. He is feeble and apprehensive without bounds. He doesn’t go into town with the other men and sees the incorporation in George and Lennie’s fantasy as the main way out, “We’ll fix up the little old place, and then we’ll go live there” (60) in this quote candy talks about he wants to live with George because he feels loneliness.

Crooks’ Segregation and Yearning for Connection

Crooks convicts is detached as a result of his race, his inability, and his profound question of others. He is physically isolated from the other men and has his own room in the stable. His warped back implies that, like Sweet, he has constrained social or work contact with other men as he tends steeds. His depression compels him to submit when Lennie tries to converse with him. Hooligans pull back his demand to be a piece of Lennie and George’s fantasy after Curley’s better half places him in his place. His justifiable doubts and dread about others treat him return, and he can’t see past the bias he has constantly experienced, “‘well s’pose, jus’ s’pose he don’t come back. What’ll you do then? (71) In this quote, Crooks wants Lennie to join him.

Conclusion:

To summarize, the characters in the novel Mice And Men are lonely. As Curley’s wife, no one talks to her just because she is a woman. For candy, his dog got shot, and he has a broken hand. Crooks was back, so people were resisting him. So that’s why characters in Mice And Men are lonely.

References:

1. Steinbeck, John. “Of Mice and Men.” Penguin Books, 1993.
2. Ditsky, John. “John Steinbeck and the Psychology of Loneliness.” Steinbeck Quarterly, vol. 28, no. 03-04, 1995, pp. 71-83.
3. Gregg, John R. “The Loneliness of ‘Of Mice and Men’.” The English Journal, vol. 39, no. 5, 1950, pp. 275-282.
4. Heintzman, Ralph P. “Candy’s Dog: Symbol of Fading Dreams.” Steinbeck Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 01-02, 1994, pp. 21-26.
5. Sweeney, Susan Elizabeth. “Racial Discrimination and Alienation in Of Mice and Men.” Critical Insights: Of Mice and Men, edited by Donald R. Noble, Salem Press, 2013, pp. 131-143.
6. Edwards, Thomas R. “Sexual Politics in ‘Of Mice and Men’.” Modern Language Studies, vol. 11, no. 1, 1980, pp. 17-27.

Steinbeck’s ‘Of Mice and Men’: Themes of Friendship, Tragedy, and Society

The Journey of Lennie and George in “Of Mice and Men”

Lennie and George are extremely good buddies on a road journey. However, this isn’t the fun shape of a road journey with wacky adventures. They’re broke and looking for work on the farms of Northern California. The broken element is a problem, given that they’ll be making plans on proudly owning a farm someday. George is the brains within the decrease back of this operation, at the same time as Lennie is, well, some crayons brief of a 164-colorations box. The duo can’t keep down jobs for long, thanks to Lennie’s childlike mentality and bizarre
fetish for biting things, which incorporates mice, rabbits, puppies, and women.

Struggles and Characters at the Ranch in “Of Mice and Men”

Good fortune smiles upon them in short when they get paintings at a ranch near Soledad, California. Their co-workers encompass Candy, Crooks, and Curley. We study that Curley also has a new associate, who no character is allowed to test her. We additionally meet Slim, our nearby and sensible ranch demigod, and Carlson, a callous ranch hand, who tells Candy to adopt an ultra-modern domestic dog and shoot his old dog because it is smelly. But, given that Candy cannot deliver himself to shoot the old dog, Carlson does it for him. Nice, Carlson. And that’s not the best act of violence: Curley is itching for combat after he suspects Slim of making time together with his girl, so he gets right into a brawl with Lenni. Woohoo, Saturday night! This means time for drunken visits to the whorehouse for a max of the farmhands.

Loneliness and Desperation in “Of Mice and Men”

Slim, Lennie, Crooks, and Candy are putting once more at the ranch speakme approximately their farm-proudly proudly owning desires when Curley’s wife suggests as a whole lot as teasing them interested in being weak, as they were left on the return of while the others went whoring. When Crooks tries to get her to go away from his room, she explodes, reminding him that he is a ‘black man’ and that she may need to have him ‘strung up on a tree so smooth it ain’t even funny.’ That’s precisely the buzzkill it sounds like, and the birthday party breaks up.

Tragedy and Symbolism in the Conclusion of “Of Mice and Men”

On Sunday afternoon, Lennie’s inside the barn with a dead puppy. He admonishes the doggy for ‘going and getting killed,’ which we expect is clearly not lots the puppy’s fault as it is Lennie’s. Just then, Curley’s partner walks into the barn and gives up her hair as a petting object. She worries about him messing it up, though, and as she wriggles to keep away from a ruined hairdo, Lennie panics and, all over again, accidentally breaks her neck and kills her. He runs off in a panic. Again.

Candy discovers Curley’s wife’s frame and runs out to George, who identifies it as traditional Lennie handiwork. When Curley reveals it, he’s ready to specify a few vigilante-fashion justice—however, Slim and George need a nobler loss of life for their friend, who is presently hiding out in his secure spot and hallucinating about bunnies.

Finally, George suggests up. He’s appearing all weird, so we’re pretty powerful. AA few components bad are prepared to happen. And it does. George starts speaking about their dream farm and tells Lennie to look out over the river and not forget it—and then shoots him in the head. When the vigilantes display up, George tells a tale about how Lennie got shot in a battle as George tried to take the gun away. Slim gets it; however, absolutely everyone else is confused about why George is upset.

Resemblances and Symbolism in “Of Mice and Men”

To me, this book resembles the difference in society. This resembles the difference between the weak and the strong and the struggles that the people faced during the Dust Bowl. Another thing to know is that a gun is not only a way of killing but also a sign of love and compassion. Do not let one suffer. This is just one of the things I think the book resembles. The difference in society and the power that other people have against certain people that they believe that they are better than certain people in society.

Historical Context in Of Mice and Men: The Impact of the Great Depression

Historical Context of the Great Depression

In the story Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, the time and place are very distinct in history. It takes place in Salinas, California, a place that was near the Dust Bowl region. The time period is during the Great Depression, the worst economic event in history. The story itself is about two migrant workers, which was a very common thing during the Great Depression. The story is surrounded by history, and by knowing that history, it is easier to understand the story.

The Impact of the Great Depression

Of Mice and Men takes place during the 1930s, the era of the Great Depression. The Great Depression was a terrible event in which the economy had its largest crash in history. It started in 1929 and lasted about ten years. It was caused by inflation, quickly followed by millions of people panic selling their shares on the stock market, causing it to crash. The Great Depression left a strong effect on farmers that caused them to lose everything.

Prices rapidly declined as farmers attempted to produce more crops than ever in order to pay for their taxes, debts, and living expenses. In the early 1930s, the prices got so abysmal that many farmers went completely bankrupt and even lost their farms. Families even started using corn instead of coal because it was simply cheaper at the time. The Great Depression also affected women and minorities in a very different way. Work that was directly associated with males was manufacturing in heavy industries like steel production.

These careers experienced the highest layoff rate out of any job. This meant that men were not making as much as they used to and that they couldn’t support their families. To fix this, women had to become the breadwinners of the family. Most women had to work in service industries during the 1930s. These jobs included clerical workers, teachers, nurses, telephone operators, and domestics. All of these careers had much less trouble looking for work.

While men’s employment rate steeply declined, women’s employment rate rose. However, this does not mean women were treated equally at work; in many cases, employers lowered pay for female workers, and teachers had delayed paychecks. However, African Americans had it the worst; their already grim economic situation got even worse. They were the last to be hired but the first to be fired. They suffered from an unemployment rate of two to three times that of white people. Even in public aid programs, black people were discriminated against and sometimes even completely excluded from them.

The Dust Bowl’s Impact on the Setting

Of Mice and Men takes place near the Southern plains of America, the place that was worst affected by the Dust Bowl. The Dust Bowl, also known as “The Dirty Thirties,” began in 1930 and ended roughly in 1940. However, its large long-term economic effects lasted on the region. It severely intensified the already crippling impacts of the Great Depression and turned millions into migrant workers. Farmers greatly contributed to the unfortunate event by overplowing the land. The Dust Bowl was given its name because of the severe dust storms that it brought during a massive dry period.

The term “Dust Bowl” was coined after the worst dust storm commenced on April 14, 1935, when as many as three million tons of topsoil were blown around. These storms killed thousands of people, livestock, and crops. Farmers began to lose everything they ever worked for. These families had to survive on nothing but cornbread, beans, and milk. After people started to lose hope, a mass migration followed, which was the biggest in American history. Roughly two and a half million people left the area of the Dust Bowl. Many suffered from poverty and did not have a coin to their name.

The Rise of Migrant Workers in California

Directly caused by the events of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, the population of migrant workers skyrocketed. A migrant worker is a person who does not have a permanent home due to a search for employment, generally in agriculture. During the Great Depression, millions of people were laid off. Most could not find a job near their home, so they got rid of everything and left to work where jobs existed.

The Dust Bowl also contributed to millions of migrant workers, causing people to lose everything they had by destroying it all. The life of a typical migrant worker was not a good one. Lots of migrant workers had to live alongside irrigation ditches of the ranches and farms they worked at. People were overcrowded and directly created horrible sanitary conditions. The typical camp setup was either a tent or simply the back of a car or truck. Most migrant workers never found a permanent job; they worked for a certain amount of time and then had to move elsewhere in search of more work. They had low paychecks and suffered through back-breaking labor.

Significance of the Salinas Valley

Salinas, California, was a location that hundreds of thousands of migrant workers went to. It is known as the Salad Bowl of the World due to its very large production of lettuce, broccoli, pepper, and numerous other crops. Roughly 70% of the nation’s lettuce is grown there. On both sides of the valley are two mountains: the Gabilan mountain range and the Santa Lucia mountain range. There are healthy, green trees everywhere.

In between, there is the Salinas River, which is the longest underground river in the world, stretching out to roughly 155 miles. This is one of the main appeals of the Salinas Valley; it’s rich, fertile, and naturally irrigated land. The thousands of farms and ranches attracted migrant workers from every corner of the US, with a promise to have work in at least one of the plentiful fields. For the locals, this was a drawback, as their small town was quickly crowded with beggars and men looking for work.

Understanding the Historical Context

Of Mice and Men is a story that is very historically accurate and is based on major events that happened in America. Understanding the historical context is a key element in understanding the story itself. It takes place during the Great Depression in the plentiful region of California. Even the location of the story, the Salinas Valley, is important because of its geography and the amount of migrant workers that went there. The Dust Bowl was the event that created the hundreds of thousands of migrant workers that fled to California in seek of asylum. John Steinbeck grew up there and clearly knew its history.

References:

1. Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. Penguin Books, 1993.
2. The Great Depression: Causes and Impact. History.com Editors, History.com, A&E Television Networks, 14 Dec. 2009. URL: https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/great-depression-history
3. The Dust Bowl. National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. URL: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/dyk/dust-bowl
4. Dust Bowl: Definition, Causes, When, Where, Effect, Map, & Facts. The History Junkie, 12 July 2021. URL: https://www.historyjunkie.org/dust-bowl/
5. Migrant Workers during the Great Depression. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. URL: https://www.nps.gov/articles/migrant-workers-during-the-great-depression.htm
6. Women and the Great Depression. Molly Taft, National Women’s History Museum. URL: https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/molly-taft
7. The Migrant Experience. National Women’s History Museum. URL: https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/lesson-plans/migrant-experience
8. African Americans in the Great Depression. Catherine A. Paul, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History, Oxford University Press, 23 Sep. 2020. URL: https://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-739
9. Salinas Valley Agriculture. National Steinbeck Center. URL: https://www.steinbeck.org/the-place/salinas-valley-agriculture/

Topics in “Of Mice and Men”: Friendship and Loneliness

The Significance of Friendship in Of Mice and Men

Is friendship important to people? Friends are important because they help us deal with stress and make better lifestyle choices that keep us strong; you can also share your personal things with them. Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck is a story about friendship. It took place during the Great Depression. Most of the story was in Soledad, California. There are two main characters, Lennie and George, and they used to work on a farm. Lennie used to buck barley, and George was to help him and do other work. There were other characters, such as Candy (also known as Swamper). He was an old ranch worker who had lost one of his hands during an accident. Curley was the son of the ranch boss. He used to be a fighter. Crook was a colored man, and he was also lonely. Many people didn’t like him because he was colored. Curley’s wife used to flirt with people.

George and Lennie’s Solid Friendship Amid Loneliness

The themes of friendship and loneliness are important to the story Of Mice and Men. The two main characters, George and Lennie, have a great friendship that keeps them from being lonely, unlike the other guys on the ranch. Aunt Clara took Lennie when he was a baby and raised him up. When she died, Lennie came to George. They both got used to each other after a while. George was like a parent to Lennie. He always helped him. For example, when Lennie touched the girl’s dress in Weed, Lennie would have gone to jail, but George helped him escape. Lennie always used to follow what George would tell him to.

For example, George said that whenever you get in trouble, you have to go and hide in the bushes. If George tells him to walk over a cliff, he will go. They both got each other to take care of. They both have a dream to get a house and be their own boss. Lennie and George were talking by the river about their future house. George says, “O.K. Someday-we’re gonna get the jack together, and we’re gonna have a little house and a couple of acres and a cow and some pigs and-” (14). This won’t make them feel alone because they will both be together. There were many people on the ranch who didn’t have anybody to talk to, but George and Lennie were always together, and they always talked to each other. Sometimes, George complains about taking care of him. George would immediately know that Lennie is doing something bad.

Loneliness as a Common Thread

Candy and Crook are two characters on the farm who are lonely; they don’t have anybody close to them. Candy didn’t have anyone because he was old. He had a dog who was like his friend, but the dog was too old, so Carlson killed him. After that, he didn’t have anybody to talk to. Crooks was lonely because he was the only colored man on a ranch. Also, other people on the ranch play cards, but Crooks don’t. They also say that he stinks. He can’t take part in those things just because of his color. Lennie and Crooks were talking in the Crooks room about how lonely he is. Crooks says, “A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody. Don’t make no difference who the guy is, long he’s with you. I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an’ he gets sick.” Crook never used to talk to people because some people used to make fun of him, and after Candy’s dog died, he felt too lonely. He lost his hand, so now they pay him two hundred and fifty dollars. Instead of the normal pay.

The Struggles of Curley’s Wife

Curley’s wife is another lonely character, even though she has a husband. She flirts with other guys to get rid of her loneliness. She’s also the only woman on the ranch. She’s lonely because Curley doesn’t give her enough time. Her loneliness affects other people because whenever she used to flirt with people, that person was always in trouble. Curley’s wife was talking to Candy, Lennie, and Crooks in Crooks’s room about how lonely she is and how her husband ignores her. Curley’s wife says, “Well, I ain’t giving you no trouble. Think I don’t like to talk to somebody ever’ in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time?” She also got an offer from a movie, but she married Curley. Whenever she used to go to talk to guys, they thought that she was flirting with them.

In conclusion, George and Lennie were best friends. They both had each other to talk to, but the other guys didn’t have anybody to talk to. Others are lonely. Crooks was lonely because he was black. Curley’s wife was lonely because her husband didn’t give her enough time. Candy was lonely because he was old. The author is trying to tell how friendship affects you and how you always have someone to talk to. Later in the book, the characters’ loneliness will continue because George won’t have anyone to talk to either because Lennie is dead in the end. Candy might have George as a friend. Still, Curley’s wife won’t have anyone to talk to either because no one likes to talk to her. Crooks was black and might not have anyone because other guys used to make fun of him.

References:

1. Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. Penguin Books, 1993.

Stylistic Elements in Of Mice and Men: Enhancing Connection and Understanding

The Power of Imagery in Of Mice and Men

In Of Mice and Men, the author, John Steinbeck, uses stylistic elements to impact how readers perceive and understand the text, allowing them to make deeper connections and relate the themes and struggles characterized in the book to their own lives. Steinbeck uses imagery, describing characters and settings in such a way that readers can visualize the depictions Steinbeck creates in order to find greater meaning in the messages and themes he conveys.

Symbolism and Themes in Of Mice and Men

Multiple examples of symbolism are found in the text, in which Steinbeck relates characters, actions, and circumstances to concepts found in everyday life. Diction, or the author’s word choice, impacts the readers’ understanding of the situations characters have to endure. Steinbeck uses these and other stylistic elements to connect with his readers and incorporate emotion and significance in the circumstances he depicts. John Steinbeck uses imagery in order to develop further understanding of the text, but also to give readers a vivid picture of what is happening throughout the book.

In the text, Steinbeck uses imagery to describe the setting, character, and any underlying thoughts and tone that certain actions and words from characters may portray. When describing the setting in the first few pages of the novel, he goes about depicting the area in which Lennie and George — the two main characters in the book — are introduced with such depth and detail that anyone reading would have a clear picture in their head where the beginnings of the novel are taking place. He writes, “. . .a few miles south of Soledad… the Salinas River drops in close to the hillside bank and runs deep and green. . .

There is a path through the willows and among the sycamores, a path beaten hard by boys coming from the ranches. . . in front of the low horizontal limb of a giant sycamore, there is an ash pile made by many fires; the limb is worn smooth by men who have set on it.” Not only does Steinbeck portray the scenery with uttermost clarity and beauty, but he also builds a solid foundation that readers will come back to there on after. From the first thing he describes, readers are hooked, having a place they have conjured in their minds, and progressing through the story as if they were alongside the characters.

When describing characters, without fail, Steinbeck takes time to introduce them on a somewhat personal level, taking them apart piece by piece in a somewhat analytical way, describing how each character thinks, speaks, and acts. When describing Slim, Steinbeck states, “. . . there was a gravity in his manner and a quiet so profound that all talk stopped when he spoke. His authority was so great that his word was taken on any subject. . . his ear heard more than was said to him, and his slow speech had overtones not of thought, but of understanding beyond thought.” Steinbeck uses imagery to create a picture inside of the reader’s head—as imagery often does—and creates a higher concept of meaning and understanding of any particular event. By describing characters and settings in the way that he does, readers can have a deeper grasp of how events might unfold and how a character’s personality or traits, or the setting in which they reside, may contribute to the overall concept and themes of the novel.

Steinbeck’s use of imagery allows readers to understand the text in a different light and perspective, and through this, they are able to understand the underlying messages and meaning of the words within. As well as imagery, Steinbeck uses symbolism in his writing to represent certain ideas and concepts through different people and events. For example, throughout the story, Lennie constantly mentions his obsession with owning rabbits on his and George’s dream farm. In one such event, where Lennie and George are talking about their future farm, Lennie exclaims eagerly, ‘An’ rabbits . . . An I’d take care of ‘em. Tell how I’d do that, George . . . They’d nibble an’ they’d nibble.’ For Lennie, these rabbits symbolize his goal and dream. They serve as a motivation for him, for as long as there is the prospect of owning rabbits and a farm with George, he is happy.

Another example of symbolism throughout the story is Candy’s dog. Carlson—one of the workers on the ranch— describes the dog as ‘all stiff with rheumatism. He ain’t no good to himself . . . This ol’ dog jus’ suffers himself all the time.’  Many of the workers of the ranch want Candy’s dog dead, not just because he reeks, but because he is old and appears to be suffering. In the story, Candy’s dog represents an object or idea that people often are reluctant to let go of.

Just as Candy was unwilling to kill his dog, people are often averse to the notion of giving up or letting go of something they have had for a long time. Steinbeck uses symbolism to connect seemingly normal or regular objects to real-world concepts and ideas. This gives a deeper meaning for readers analyzing his text, as a person or object in his story may symbolize something different for each individual person. It allows readers to link Of Mice and Men with their everyday lives, letting them not only understand the text better but also view their own lives in a seemingly different perspective and light.

Evoking Realism Through Diction

John Steinbeck uses diction in character dialogue to achieve verisimilitude or realism and in descriptions of events, characters, or scenery to impact how readers perceive and understand the story being written. Published in 1937, Of Mice and Men tells the story of two low-class men trying to find work during the Great Depression, a time characterized by a lack of income and an increase in the number of itinerant workers. The Great Depression represents the loneliness, suffering, and adversity that many men faced. Through this, Steinbeck conveys how their circumstances impact workers’ persona and actions and how Lennie and George use their friendship and their hope for a brighter future to overcome the alienation and hardship many other workers experience. Using this, John Steinbeck writes with that of the vernacular of low-income, uneducated men to make the novel more realistic.

During the novel, after Candy and George find Curley’s wife dead in the stable, Candy, in anger, shouts at Curley’s wife, “You God damn tramp . . . You did it, didn’t you? I s’pose your glad. Ever’bodyknowed you’d mess things up. You wasn’t no good. You ain’t no good now, you lousy tart.” Candy’s way of speaking reflects that of an old, broken man who has lost all hope for a pleasant future. Steinbeck uses this diction in Candy’s speech to elicit sympathy from readers. It allows them to empathize with the man, thus making Curley’s wife’s death more significant and memorable to readers. As well as in dialogue, Steinbeck uses diction in his descriptions. Steinbeck uses phrases such as “her body flopped like a fish,” “a water snake glided smoothly up the pool, twisting its periscope head”, and “the crash of the shot rolled up the hills and rolled down again.”

In some situations, Steinbeck uses word choice in figurative language, such as similes and imagery. This impacts how readers perceive the text and how they imagine or understand the story. As well as this, Steinbeck uses diction to develop a greater interest in the detail for readers, creating such intricate art through words when describing something seemingly bland and simple. Steinbeck’s use of words not only creates a sense of realism but also allows readers to connect and relate to characters and events, furthering their understanding of the plot and concepts Steinbeck conveys.

Overcoming Adversity and Building Connections

In the author’s portrayal of circumstances and actions, Lennie and George— and how they respond to their situation— are somewhat of an oddity in comparison to the overall actions and perceptions that were consistent in most men at the time of the Great Depression. Their dream serves as a motivation for them to keep going, and their friendship and reliance on one another keep them from experiencing the alienation and loneliness that characterizes the itinerant workers of that time period.

John Steinbeck’s use of stylistic elements not only helps readers understand the text at a fundamental level but also allows readers to use their comprehension of characters, settings, and plots and connect these concepts to their view of the world around them. Steinbeck, through his use of stylistic elements, displays how circumstances affect other’s actions but also how the responses of individuals to adversity or oppression may vary depending on personal attitudes and perceptions of life.

References:

1. Steinbeck, J. (1937). Of Mice and Men. Penguin Books.
2. Steinbeck, J. (1965). Introduction. In Of Mice and Men (pp. 1-3). Penguin Books.
3. Hayashi, T. (2017). The Use of Imagery in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men. Retrieved from https://www.grin.com/document/379343
4. Wohlpart, J. V. (2004). The Relationship Between Setting and Theme in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck Review, 1(1), 50-60. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5818.2004.00006.x
5. Mitchell, C. R. (1998). Of Mice and Metaphors: Therapeutic Storytelling with Children. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 29(6), 555-562. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.29.6.555
6. Weiger, K. (2013). Symbols and Symbolism in Of Mice and Men. Retrieved from https://www.123helpme.com/preview.asp?id=16867
7. Rodabaugh, S. L. (2007). Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men: A Conversation with Historiography. Steinbeck Review, 4(1), 64-79. doi:10.1111/j.1754-6087.2007.tb00258.x
8. Gunning, T. (2016). John Steinbeck’s Use of Realism. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/nnrlwgiogklr/john-steinbecks-use-of-realism/
9. Shumaker, L. L. (2001). John Steinbeck: The Influence of the Great Depression. Retrieved from https://www.steinbeck.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/john-steinbeck-the-influence-of-the-great-depression.pdf
10. Roberts, J. L. (2013). John Steinbeck: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work. Infobase Publishing.