Category: Natural Resources

It is true that water is considered as a natural resource that has been gifted for the whole human being.

Therefore , it is argued that authorities should prohibit the selling of processed water in bottle. In my opinion, I totally disagree with the aforementioned assertion for relevant reasons. There are several reasons why it’s very crucial to maintain the selling of bottled water for the whole society members. One key reason is that processed water is considered much cleaner than tap water , for instance , water in bottles is transparent like crystals, while tap water contains brown colour as a result of mixing with muds which contains lots of germs. The reason behind the high quality of bottled water is due to the chemical treatment that purify water from all muds and germs. Another relevant point , factories that make this kind of water provide a wide range of job opportunities, thus it helps a lot of employees to get enough salaries to satisfy their basic survival needs and to finance their expenses. If the government banned this kind of industry, a lot of factories would shut down and a considerable number of workers would lose their jobs.

Consequently , the rate of unemployment would increase in addition to frequency of criminal activities , as people tend to steal money to get their basic needs. Furthermore , several governments , especially in developing countries, are unable to supply an adequate amount of water to the increasing population. Therefore , people can satisfy their demand of water through purchasing those bottles of processed water .

In addition , bottled water does bring people a lot of convenience, as people can take bottles of water with them to work and travel, then use it almost whenever or wherever they wanted. Besides , there are numerous individuals tend to use their own water rather than using public facilities such as drinking fountains because this approach of getting water keeps them safe and away from being infected with harmful micro-organisms.Also , there are many patients who are prohibited to drink tap water due to health problems.

For example , patients with previously treated for renal cancer satisfy their thirst by drinking bottled water as they are completely sterilized and free from carcinogenic predisposing factors. In conclusion, it seems that bottled water seems to have multiple crucial benefits, I therefore believe that government should not ban the selling of these water.

Natural resources are things that occur naturally on earth. It is an indispensable part of our lives. It is composed of air, water, sunlight, coal, oil, natural gas, fossil fuels, oil, etc. However, humans use them for financial gain. Due to overuse, natural resources are being depleted. Some of them are rich in resources and can be updated. On the other hand, some are non-renewable. Therefore, you need responsible protection to ensure its sustainability. Why protect natural resources? Human development activities depend on natural resources. If resources are used improperly, it will cause environmental imbalance. Therefore, we will oppose the ecological atmosphere. The need for protection stems from the importance of natural resources. As follows: Water is a renewable natural resource. We use it for drinking, power generation, irrigation, various industries and many activities. Its scarcity will cause the loss of vegetation, adverse effects on animals and plants, soil erosion, etc. Plants and animals provide a wide range of industrial and biological materials. In addition, it also helps in the manufacture of medicines and for other purposes. The formation of natural resources takes millions of years. Fossil fuels are very important. Many sources of energy come from coal, oil, and natural gas, all of which are fossil fuels. Forests are the most important natural resource and contribute to economic development. The forest provides paper, furniture, wood, medicine, chewing gum, etc. In addition, it maintains a balance in the ecosystem. Besides, it can also prevent soil erosion and protect wild animals. The earth’s resources support natural vegetation, wildlife, and transportation. The land also provides us with food, clothing, shelter, and other basic necessities. Methods for protecting natural resources Various government departments and national and international agencies are committed to protecting natural resources. Carry out environmental education and incorporate environmental education into school curricula. National parks are working hard to protect the safety of natural resources. Reduce, reuse and recycle non-renewable resources. Non-human species must be disturbed to meet basic needs. Plant more and more trees to save our forest resources. Looking for alternatives to non-renewable resources. Better use of biogas and biofuels. Avoid dumping industrial waste into rivers. This is a measure to protect the rich marine life. Overgrazing should be avoided. In addition, poaching of animals must be controlled. Practicing crop rotation techniques can help maintain soil fertility. Burning fossil fuels emits carbon dioxide, which is one of the main greenhouse gases. It is responsible for the greenhouse effect. Therefore, the burning of fossil fuels must be controlled. These are some of the measures we can take to protect natural resources. As human beings, we have a social responsibility to fulfill with nature. Therefore, when using resources, we must follow the principles of sustainable development. Conclusion Natural resources are a gift from creation. These help to maximize the satisfaction of human needs. In addition, the rational use of natural resources to maintain the earth’s atmosphere. Also, careful use can protect biodiversity. Human beings cannot imagine life without natural resources. Therefore, protecting it is essential.

Do our actions influence the future? In this world, every action we do uses one type of resource: it is not minerals and it is not sunlight but natural resources. Over the course of the development of life, the actions we have done have changed and transformed, and unfortunately, that transformation has led to a significant increase in the use of natural resources. Just imagine, you wake up, go to brush your teeth, and then suddenly there is no liquid flowing down the taps in a luxurious pour. For thousands of years, society has believed that all of the resources that we use on a daily basis (water, wood, natural gas, etc.) are unlimited. However, that conjecture is incorrect as the fact is that the number of natural resources we have is dwindling. “Overconsumption and overpopulation underlie every environmental problem that we face today” – Jacques Yves Cousteau a French traveler who studied the sea once said. Nevertheless, as the usage of these resources increases as a result of the growth in the human population and the need for luxury, we will not have these resources for much longer. As a 6th grader studying in the Singapore American School, I am very proud to present this writing piece to you. This project used several skills that I really enjoyed such as reflecting, planning, and executing research. We need to find an efficient solution to reduce the usage of natural resources since natural resources will soon not be replenishable and increased use of natural resources also causes environmental damage.

I am first going to define natural resources as certain substances that exist without any influence on mankind. Primarily, natural resources are replenishable. A very common example of the way natural resources are replenished is the water cycle. We all know that water is evaporated, condensed, and precipitated so that the water naturally keeps coming back to us. Nonetheless, this process has a particular pace. Imagine a world where you use water at a speed faster than the water cycle brings the water back to us. Unfortunately, according to a professor who teaches sustainable living at the University of Pennsylvania, the scenario aforementioned will occur by 2035. Hence, if we do not make lifestyle changes today, we will very soon not have water to use on a daily basis.

However, water is not the only natural resource that will exhaust in a very short time period. Another major natural resource that is reducing very quickly is wood. Wood is naturally replenished through trees, but we are cutting a gargantuan number of trees. According to Sadhguru, a guru a lot of people look up to, “Trees keep our lives going just like the outer parts of our lungs.” Hence, if we don’t have trees in our world, there will be several regressive effects. The primary regressive effect is that there will be less oxygen and a significant increase in carbon dioxide. According to NASA, if this exact situation occurs, there will be a 1.73 Celsius increase in the global temperature. Although that may not sound like a very high number, such an increase in temperature will result in the melting of ⅛ of Antarctica. That is equivalent to approximately 2,500 Singapore-sized ice glaciers melting! Therefore, we will be living in a world we would never want to live in just due to the overconsumption of wood and water.

You now might think that this issue has been going on for a very long time and there hasn’t been a drastic decline in the usage of natural resources. According to a senior reporter at the Huffington Post, our usage of natural resources (per year) has increased significantly over the last few decades. Even though this is potentially a very damaging problem, most people are not aware of the magnitude of the problem. To confirm this point, I conducted a survey where I quizzed forty 6th-grade students about the overconsumption of natural resources. However, only 5% of the students who took the quiz got more than 80% correct. This tells us that people are not aware of the seriousness of the problem.

Furthermore, natural resources such as natural gas are not environmentally friendly. When you burn natural gas, a lot of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases get emitted into the atmosphere. Also, according to the WWF, using more natural resources means that there is more environmental damage when extracting it. Hence, using natural resources doesn’t only significantly negatively impact the environment, but it also negatively impacts the environment while being extracted.

You might think that that natural resources are not a very large contributor to why air pollution is such a prevalent problem. However, according to the Huffington Post, 30% of air pollution is caused because of the overconsumption of natural resources. Also, many people might believe that even if we don’t have one or two natural resources we could live normally with the other natural resources. However, if we keep using natural resources at such a rampant pace, according to AMNH.org, water will run out by 2035. If you don’t have water, you could pass away in 7 days. Therefore, it is very important that we change our everyday lifestyle to ensure that this problem will not get out of hand.

I am going to mention a personal anecdote to illustrate what we can do to address the problem. Recently, we got our kitchen renovated and installed a new stovetop. However, while using our stovetop, we noticed that it was taking a significantly longer time to heat up the pan as compared to our previous stovetop due to a design fault that wasted a lot of gas through the sides. After one month, when we looked at our gas bill, unsurprisingly, we saw a significant increase in the amount of gas used. We bought a new stovetop since the company refused to take back the one that we had purchased one month ago. Our gas consumption is now back to normal. This was very eye-opening to me in terms of the small steps that we can take every day that will result in an elephantine impact on the environment.

Penultimately, now that we have talked about the problem and its significance, I am now going to elaborate on the solution that I am designing to help solve this crisis. I am going to create an app that measures the number of natural resources the particular person is using on a daily basis. The person will be informed about the usage of natural resources and be on the leaderboard. The top two percent of people on the leaderboard (for using the least amount of natural resources) will get a certain reward (cash, etc). You might be thinking that people won’t be bothered by the fact that it is competitive. However, according to psychologytoday.com, competition motivates people to work as hard as they can. Based on that, we know that people will naturally have the urge to try harder as human nature has to do with competition. In addition, psychologytoday.com also states that a reward further motivates a person. So it is likely that everybody will try to get in the top two percent. This will help increase awareness of the problem and also reduce the usage of natural resources.

In conclusion, the significant increase in the use of natural resources is something that people are often ignorant about and people typically do not know the major effects of this issue. Natural resources can soon change from being a pleasure to being sorrowful. Unfortunately, the entire reason why this problem is escalating at a rampant pace is because of one species. Not lions. Not cacti. But humans. Humans are using natural resources faster than the earth can replenish them. Try to limit your own usage of natural resources and install the app when it is published in 2020. Kalle Lasn once said, “Overconsumption is the mother of all problems.” Soon, water, wood, and all of the other natural resources will soon dissipate right in front of our eyes.” If we are going to prevent that scenario, we all have to work together.

Introduction

A natural resource is “materials from the Earth that are used to support life and meet people’s and animal’s needs”(DHEC’s office of solid waste reduction and recycling). Any natural substance that humans use can be considered a natural resource. Some Natural resources are also renewable, which means they can be used and used and used again. Examples of natural resources that are renewable would be solar energy, water, wind energy, and biomass energy. Examples of natural resources that are not renewable are oil, natural gases, coal, and nuclear energy. Both types of nature Resources are used every day by many living things, example would be that Humans use oil to power cars, planes, and boats. Every living thing uses natural gases to breathe depending on the living creature it could be Carbon Dioxide and others use oxygen.

This project will examine the arguments for and against the argument “are natural resources a curse”.It will also look at the consequences this has on many different perspectives, global and local. it will include a proper well, developed, and relevant course of action and finally my own opinions and reflections at the end

Why are natural resources a curse?

“The resource curse is a term used to describe a paradoxical situation in which a country underperforms economically, despite being home to valuable natural resources.”(Investopedia )Natural resources are cursed for mainly two reasons. The first is that the “resource curse mainly occurs when a country begins to focus all of its production means on a single industry, such as mining or oil production, and neglects investment in other major sectors. At times, the resource curse can also result from government corruption”.

In this project, I’ll be looking at how it affects the environment and the people who are equally left with nothing from the over-exploitation of these natural resources

Natural resources are supposed to be used to benefit a country or even just the community around it and the people that use and need them. This doesn’t seem to be the case for a number of reason, one could be that the government is corrupt and let foreigners that have the money pay in. This disregards the needs of the country’s people and could lead to internal conflict which worst case scenario would end in a civil war. An example would be the titanium crisis in kwale Kenya. It’s displaced over 3000 people from their homes just to make space for mining. The mining of titanium started in around 2010 and has made 220 million shillings(according to KTN news).

Consequences of overexploitation on natural resources.

Even though natural resources are produced my earth without human intervention and can be used over and over again, if they’re used faster than they can regenerate, they can run out or be exhausted. Humans are responsible for preserving natural resources and have been doing a poor job. According to the WWF, “current overexploitation of natural resources is generating an enormous deficit, as 20% more than can be regenerated is consumed each year and this percentage is growing steadily. if we continue at this rate, we would need 2.5 planets to supply ourselves in 2050, (according to the World Wide Fund for Nature itself). In turn, this organization shows that the world’s population of fish, birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles declined by 58 % between 1970 and 2012 due to human activities and predicts that by 2020 this percentage will soar to 67%.

This type of uncontrollable use of natural resources could lead to environmental, economical, and animal health decline and destruction.

For environmental This has led to the destruction of animal habitats. It’s called habitat degradation and is when “Pollution, invasive species, and disruption of ecosystem processes (such as changing the intensity of fires in an ecosystem) are some of the ways habitats can become so degraded, they no longer support native wildlife. Over 30 million plants and animals have gone extinct due to their habitat going extinct, examples are Sumatran Rhinos, Chimpanzees, and Mountain gorillas. Other types of environmental damage are ecological disturbances, destruction of natural flora and fauna, and pollution of airs

Economic consequences are to do mostly with the amount of money required to maintain mining sites, oil platforms in the sea, and even forests and animal wildlife. “33% of the world’s soils are moderate to highly degraded, (according to a United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization ).building of new facilities has a bad result as it has to use a lot of space. This is because natural resources are found in wide areas of land. This can result in people being forcefully moved just like what I mentioned about over 3000 people in kwale being moved to make room for titanium mining.

For animal health, Due to the cutting of trees, the CO2 has been going down and is going down rapidly. “Air must be monitored in order to control and lower pollution levels, control smoke caused by wildland fires, and to monitor air quality”. If this type of control does not happen it could “harm human and animal health, injure trees and other plants, acidify or cause unnatural fertilization of streams and lakes, leaching nutrients from soils, and degrade cultural resources, like archeological sites and historical buildings. )“nine out of ten people worldwide breathe air with high levels of pollutants and seven million people die each year from air pollution.” (According to the World Health Organization)

Local perspective

A local perspective would be the titanium issue I mentioned earlier in the introduction. Titanium is a valuable metal because it’s resistant to corrosion, has low density, and has high strength. Due to it being very valuable, a Kenyan company called base titanium started production around late 2013 and has been in a long battle to keep mining in kwale. The reason that has been heavy opposition has been for many reasons. One of them would be the titanium itself. Titanium has impurities of iron, thorium, and uranium, if spilled or stockpiled by the company or even locals could lead to environmental degradation and marine wildlife would be put in danger due to the high levels of radioactivity. This would affect the locals as for most of them fishing is their source of income and if the marine life was to be endangered it would put them in a terrible position and worst case some would die. It could also affect the locals’ heath in the long term giving them cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

This crisis is kwale is affecting the people and the community but why are they still mining if they know it harms the ecosystem and environment? They do this because titanium is a valuable mineral. “Rough estimates show that 250,000 tonnes of Titanium ores will be reported per year from Kwale while some 3.2 billion tonnes of the same mineral deposits can be found in the Kilifi area”(according to Lucie Greyl ). This made Kenya Sh 3.6 billion. This is the main reason titanium is still being mined.

Global perspective

From a global perspective. I have decided to research the overexploitation of oil in Venezuela. The over-exploitation of oil in Venezuela is one of the best examples of what over-exploitation of natural resources can do to a country. Venezuela is the home to one of the biggest oil reserves in the world “at an estimated 304 billion barrels (18% of global reserves) as of 2020”(Wikipedia ). “Decades of poor governance have driven what was once one of Latin America’s most prosperous countries to economic and political ruin”(). Venezuela is being affected environmentally by the amount of oil they drill and it’s starting to take a toll on them to the point they can’t reverse it. “The grave consequences of Venezuela’s environmental degradation can be felt in every corner of the country. In the waterways near the Caribbean Sea, fishermen haul in oil-soaked catches from blackened boats. Recent satellite imagery provided by the National Aeronautical and Space Administration of Lake Maracaibo, one of the country’s most ecologically diverse areas owing to its brackish waters, shows the body of water swirling with oil slicks.”

Venezuela is suffering extremely from oil mining and since the decline of oil in 2010 it’s affected the ecosystem and economy. This is because Venezuela relied on its oil for most of its trade. When prices went down for oil they were left without an income.

Reasons against over-exploitation of natural resources

Even though science and technology have proven that over-exploitation of natural resources will lead to a global crisis that won’t be reversible by 2040, they are a lot of people and governments who still think that over-exploiting these resources are okay. They are many reasons to over-exploit natural resources. One of the reasons against stopping over-exploitation would be that “The Earth’s natural resources are vital to the survival and development of the human population”(European environment agency). This is true because since humans were able to exploit these natural resources we have been one of the main reasons for our development. We need oil and metal and a bunch of other resources to build rockets to explore space. Simple things like jewelry need us to like gold and iron.

Cars planes and boats our main ways of travel need oil. This has let the over-exploitation of natural resources to continue due to humans’ high living standards.

Solutions

Biodiversity loss is becoming a bigger problem than we ever thought it could be. It’s estimated that half of all the species on the planet could go extinct by 2050 — only 32 years from now.”(Donovan Alexander). Even though humans are mostly to blame for all the biodiversity and ecosystem loss, sometimes it happens naturally, forest fires, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions are some of the natural disasters that affect the ecosystem. But the parts that humans are responsible for our major, Deforestation, invasion of species, pollution, and climate change.

But it’s not too late, we can still save the ecosystem by recycling. “Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. . “(Wikipedia). “When we recycle, used materials are converted into new products, reducing the need to consume natural resources. If used materials are not recycled, new products are made by extracting fresh, raw materials from the Earth, through mining and forestry. Recycling helps conserve important raw materials and protects natural habitats for the future.”(Veolia). This is the main way that recycling can help with saving the ecosystem.

Another way would be to set up ministries that would then set guidelines like what the Kenya ministry of mining did with Haller park “which is a nature park in Bamburi, Mombasa, on the Kenyan coast. It is the transformation of a quarry wasteland into an ecological area. Haller Park holds a variety of plant and animal species which serve as a recreation spot for tourists and locals.” (Wikipedia). This shows that with proper management we can not only fix wastelands and mining sites but we can transform them into beneficial areas for the earth.

Personal reflection

I was intrigued to see that countries with a lot of valuable natural resources Seem to be doing worse economically and environmentally. I’ve learned that even though overexploitation is bad for future generations and the earth, we have done it to the point that our locking standards will go down significantly. Therefore I think that we have to find a long-term solution that has to do with renewable energy.

Introduction

There are two conflicting ideas about the Earth’s resources- the pessimists and the optimists. The pessimist is usually the ecologist and other scientists who believed that the Earth cannot forever provide the same resources that it supplies now (Mensah & Luciano, 2004). On the contrary, the optimists, such as the economists who considered Earth will be able to supply and support the necessary needs of the Earth’s population due to development of new technologies, governmental policies, market substitution, and recycling (Mensah & Luciano, 2004). These two perspectives have the same merits in their arguments and the complexity of their arguments can be viewed in the local, national, and international arenas.

Wherever we may side, the notion that raw materials, like fossil fuels, minerals and groundwater are scarce elements, is an idea that students need to know, how to use effectively without compromising the future of the next generations. On the other hand, the abundance of water, wind, and sun, for example, can be exploited. Since these elements are renewable, students might be motivated to dedicate themselves to finding solutions to improve technologies that can harvest the maximum potential of using renewable resources.

Having these thoughts in mind in designing the teaching plan attached to this paper, I have envisioned educating my students to be responsible global citizens without compromising future generations’ natural resources. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to share my didactical insights on the “what, how, and why” of natural resources and living conditions as a topic in geography that can develop responsible global citizens. Further meaning and understanding of the three major elements(what, how, why) of this paper will be interpreted in each section. Additionally, a conclusion containing my didactical and pedagogical reflections on the teaching plan design and the process will be mentioned toward the end of this paper.

What Element

This section aims to answer the question: what is the “must” knowledge in this topic, what are the ideas and concepts that students need to know about the Earth’s natural resources and how this affects humans’ living conditions, and what are the implications of this theme to the students future and what are the practical effort that students can do. These are a few of the relevant questions that this section will try to respond to. Man’s contact with the natural environment and nature’s influence on the quality of life, culture, and actions of humans, are complex, essential, and causal relationships that students need to acknowledge and be aware of (Barnett & Chandler, 2011). Whether they will be pessimists or optimists in the future, the students must have basic concepts, ideas, and understanding of the Earth’s natural resources. It is undeniable that non-renewable resources such as iron ore, bauxite, and fossil fuels are not made yesterday. So far, we have not yet discovered any substitute for some important basic commodities such as tin, copper, lead, and other metallic materials, and once they are used up, it’s gone. These are facts that as a geography teacher, I want my students to be aware of and be responsible around them so that future generations also have access to them. Therefore, students understanding of Earth’s resources and living conditions can be best effective if the teaching strategy is to facilitate the learners in making connections that lie on the framework of geography, the location, condition, and connection (Gersmehl, 2014).

The concept of time and space is very relevant in understanding the availability of natural resources. The effects of these natural resources and raw materials on the living conditions of the people in any geographical location are suitable for students to learn so that they can behave accordingly to the situation. Some physical conditions on Earth can only be described or explained with the spatial patterns that are collected over time. Such phenomena may include tropical glaciers, climate change, and soil quality. The context of this theme positions the students to develop critical thinking ability to find ways, to innovate, develop and generate solutions to sustain posterity without endangering limited resources. This way, the topic will facilitate students to make the connections between time and space, the condition of the locations, and the connectability of the location to other important matters.

Furthermore, some relevant basic information to point out is the provision of renewable resources to mankind. The appearance and demand of renewable resources as opposed to non-renewable resources are totally different that’s why students need to consider and reflect on how to amass them. For example, where can we find bauxite, what is bauxite for, what kind of resource it is, what are the living conditions of the people mining bauxite, who are the people dealing with the raw material (bauxite), and what is the end product of bauxite or end product with bauxite. These are questions that students can inquire about the Earth’s resources. Other questions that students can examine through these lessons are: where can we find the most renewable energy, how to process it, how can we exploit these materials, and what is the living condition of the people working on renewing the resources? These are sample questions that students can formulate and as a geography teacher, knowledge of these subject matters is relevant to guide students to learn at the same time the comprehension of the materials helps in making sure that learning is meaningful.

How Element

​This section is dedicated to answering the question of how I am going to teach the topic. What are the teaching strategies and learning theories that I employ in my teaching plan? The main focus of this segment is divided into two sub-section. The teaching strategies and learning theories that I consider in designing the teaching plan are elaborated on first. The teaching plan considers the development of two competencies in geography, modeling, and perspectivation, hence, students’ learning styles are considered (Gardner, 2009). The teaching plan requires students to work individually and in groups to create two physical learning products. The learning outputs are models, diagrams, or illustrations of how non-renewable and renewable resources are utilized. These learning products will answer the main question; how to acquire raw materials and what are the end results. The use of problem-based (PBL) and project-organized work (Wiberg & Krogh, 2013) lessons presents an equal opportunity to all members of the group/class where students have the same chance of learning as individuals and as a group from their experiences, making meaningful connections and reflections (Bates, 2016).

As a point of departure, the students are given the opportunity to choose among non-renewable resources to trace and follow their life cycle. For instance, how iron ore is formed way back hundreds and thousands of years to the process of extraction until they are processed as iron steel for the construction of buildings, automobiles, ships, furniture, and many more. This manner of learning focuses much attention on students’ engagement and structured students’ purposeful learning (Kilpatrick, 1918). Therefore, learning is constructed and knowledge gained is far more concrete, “learning by doing” in a geographical inquiry approach is more meaningful (Roberts, 2010). The strong and active involvement of students in PBL demonstrates, to a large extent, the work of modeling, inquiry, and perspectivation competencies among students. The skills and knowledge gained through this teaching approach suggest quality effect, solid, and practical learning process that students develop throughout the lessons. Developing the competencies mentioned above positions the learners at the center of the teaching-learning process (Bruner, 1966). Furthermore, giving the students essential information to work on at a time (scaffold) develops their problem-solving ability which is essential to cultivate competencies, an aspect of learning through discovery (Bruner, 1966). The teacher’s role in these lessons is to facilitate and encourage the learning process.

Why element

This section provides some major arguments for why we need our students to be aware and knowledgeable of the natural resources and living conditions on our home planet. The natural environment is one of the factors that support man’s “quality” living conditions development, and man’s influence on the natural environment deteriorates nature’s natural supply and beauty. Despite nature’s degradation, it still provides man the pleasure of enjoying the quality of life that we are experiencing now. However, scientifically, nature cannot sustain the quality of life that we have today because humans are reproducing too fast while nature takes hundreds and thousands of years to resupply the same quality of raw materials that it provides the previous and this generation. Hence, the concept of ‘sustainability’ has become the current answer to absolving the world of its environmental crises. ​Sustainability development as the UN says is “understood as a form of intergenerational ethics in which the environmental and economic actions taken by present persons do not diminish the opportunities of future persons to enjoy similar levels of wealth, utility, or welfare.” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2019). ​The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (UNWCED) coined sustainable development as the “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (WCED, 1987).

Hence, it is our mandate as educators to instill knowledge in our students so that they can cultivate proper attitudes as global citizens. Assist, discover and cultivate the unfolding of new ways to provide and protect the basic interest of the generations to come. Why do we need to do that? Because the number of raw materials that humans consumed for the last forty years has tripled according to the ​International Resource Panel (IRP) report in 2010. IRP is a part of the UN Environment Programme. ​The concept of “sustainability” is investing in increasing pressure on our environment. Where is the best place to disseminate the information if not the school? Nations are turning to their geographical resources and asking questions, such as, how long before our natural resources run out, can our land, water, and air sustain our needs and the future generation’s needs? These are simple yet meaningful questions that require a deep understanding of the Earth’s resources and living conditions.

Governments are actively developing, innovating, and finding solutions to exploit renewable resources that are abundantly accessible in their locations. Therefore, providing the knowledge and skills for the next generation lies in the hands of the teachers and the institutions. As teachers, we need to support and equip our students with the necessary tools and capabilities to cope, combat and find solutions to the depletion of natural resources as well as develop a responsible attitude towards the use of natural resources. At the same time, we demand our students to be innovative, sustainable in development, and creative, however, to do those things our students need foundational knowledge to start with.

Conclusion

Designing the teaching plan made me realize and question myself about doing my part in sustaining Earth’s natural resources. This (geography) module actually taught me to be more aware of the environment and made me deeply comprehend the natural resources that we sometimes take for granted. The questions that I planned to ask my students challenged me in a practical manner which leads me to do my simple and little part in sustaining natural resources, such as avoiding using plastic. It pushes me to reflect on my ways or do my part in the things that I am teaching. Am I a responsible global citizen myself?

On the pedagogical part, it leads me to revisit my teaching methods so that I can make the learning process of the students more meaningful at the same time enjoyable. Hence, giving utilizing problem-based learning and project-organized work to make the learners build the connections, understand and make sense of the concepts to reality, technology to nature, and nature to new technology. In all, the use of PBL through inquiry, modeling, and perspectivation supports the practical and tangible learning processes of the learners.

References

1. Barnett, H. & Morse, C. (2011).​ Scarcity and Growth: The Economics of Natural Resource Availability. London: RFF Press.
2. Bates, B. (2010). ​Learning Theories Simplified… and how to apply them to teaching​. SAGE. London, UK
3. Bruner, J​. (1990). Acts of Meaning. London, England: Harvard University Press
4. Bruner, J.S. (1966).​ Towards A Theory of Instruction. New York: W.W. Norton.
5. Gardner, H (2009). Multiple approaches to Understanding in: Contemporary Theories of Learning: learning theorists…. in their own words (edited by Knud Illeris). Routledge. London and NY. chapter 7. pp 106-115
6. Gersmehl, P.(2014).​ Teaching Geography (Third ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
7. Kilpatrick, W. H. ​(1918) The Project Method: The Use of Purposeful Act in Educative Process. The USA. Kessinger Publishing
8. Krogh, L. & Wiberg, M (2013)​. Problem-based and Project-organised Teaching: in University Teaching and Learning. Frederiksberg, Denmark: Samfundslitteratur
9. Mensah, A M & Luciano, C C. (2004). ​Sustainable Resource Use and Sustainable Development. Zentrum fur Entwicklungsfourschung (ZEF) Center for Development Research. University of Bonn
10. Roberts, M. (2010). Geographical Enquiry: Proprietary and used under licence; Teaching secondary geography. The Open University
11. Encyclopedia Britannica (2019) ​https://www.britannica.com/science/sustainability

Traditionally, oceans did not find their place in economic analysis. They were considered to be a part of the natural resources that could be exploited. The factors of production included land, labor, and capital, with oceans being a fixed factor in production. Oceans were classified as public goods, which means they are non-excludable and non-rival. In recent years, the finite nature of the oceans and fish stock and the ecological degradation of oceans due to harmful effluents have been analyzed using economics. Economic theories have also been central to creating nations’ policy frameworks and soft laws.

Property Rights

The issue of property rights applies to oceans as well. According to economists, for an efficient system to operate defining property rights is rudimentary, and the owner of the right has the incentive to protect it. On the other hand, legal practitioners, working on protecting these rights, think that this can never be fully achieved. Individuals seeking private benefits begin exploiting the resource recklessly, leading to a situation of the tragedy of commons. Scarcity causes rivalry. Overfishing is one such scenario. The depletion of aquatic species is dependent on factors such as demand, biological characteristics of the particular species, as well as large-scale production. Overfishing might not be the ultimate cause of the depletion of marine species due to the costs involved and the fact that not all fish can be caught. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN, 70% of the world’s commercially important fish stocks are depleted and exploited. To counter overfishing, several nations have developed several command and control measures. ‘Exclusive economic zones’ were created by way of an agreement among nations in 1976, extending jurisdiction to 200 nautical miles offshore. The next concern would be the free rider problem. When an individual, concerned about the environment takes steps to save the endangered species, the free riders benefit from it without bearing any costs.

Economics measures value as a measurement of money flow in the form of goods, services, and money itself. It does not take into consideration the non-monetarized flow such as free goods like air or unpaid human capital. The mineralized flow does not fully add to wealth as it contains pollution that only destroys wealth.

Use of Oceans and Economics

In economics, traditionally, oceans were classified as homogenous products. However, they have several uses and inputs, which is vital for the current globalized world. Transport infrastructure is one of the uses of oceans. Man-made structures such as ports and navigational systems have replaced the natural transport infrastructure provided by oceans. There is a constant trade-off between maritime services and the ecological degradation it causes. The market for ocean transport infrastructure is a derived demand as it is dependent on the demand for the goods that are being shipped. As with any other form of terminals, ports also face excessive demand than what they can hold. The best way to handle congestion is to allocate the use of the ports to the people who would gain the most with immediate use. Optimal charges measure the social cost of the delayed users, and the cost-benefit analysis is used to arrive at it.

Tourism is increasingly rising in oceans as it is viewed as leisure spot. Beaches have become leisure resources, and with the rise in income and standard of living, the demand keeps increasing. However, with more hotels coming up and human contact in oceans, there is high scope of ecological degradation to corals and marine animals. The economic paradox of tourism is that, on the one hand, it improves the standard of living by providing leisure, and on the other hand, it causes environmental problems.

Oceans also play a significant role in food production and influence the direct production chain. The growth of frozen fish has drastically changed consumer demand over the past thirty years. Frozen fish has been imported by both developing and developed countries and has become a significant contributor to the food chain. Under the ecological approach, the complete protection of the environment is sought. However, in economics, only a trade-off between the exploitation of resources and the benefits derived therefrom is sought to attain an optimum level. As ecologists have become more concerned about intergenerational issues, the idea of opportunity cost has been analyzed.

Ocean acidification occurs due to human activities like waste emission, freshwater diversion, and extraction, along with increased emissions of CO2. This severely reduces the diversity, health of marine species, and their interaction in the ecosystem. It also affects the human community, creating problems in the food webs and reducing the other benefits derived from oceans.

Sustainability and the Environment

‘Our Common Future’, 1987 is the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development defined sustainability as the development of the present generations without compromising on the needs of the future generations. The Rio Declaration has made it amply clear that human beings have become the center of sustainable development. They are entitled to live in harmony with nature. The application of the precautionary principle for all concerns over fisheries has been accepted internationally. The meaning of the precautionary principle is that the lack of scientific solutions should not be a reason for postponing the undertaking of preventive measures where there is a serious environmental concern. This means that there is a need for careful assessment and proper management plans before undertaking a fishery activity. This principle applies at all levels of the fishery system: to development planning, management, research, technology development and transfer, legal and institutional frameworks, fish capture and processing, fisheries enhancement, and aquaculture.

Ocean accidents, oil spills, and marine traffic have all caused a threat to sustainable development. When thinking about sustainability, a prime consideration is a balance between human harvesting and the influence of climate change. This balance cannot be quite achieved due to the disturbances caused by human beings due to which there is a reduction in the natural regenerative capacities of aquatic food chains. The introduction of more commercially efficient systems, such as motor engines and gears, as well as efficient systems for the increasing catch of fish, have added up to the environmental concerns. The extension of EEZs after the Law of Seas (LOS) Convention in 1982 has not necessarily stopped the exploitation of the oceans, as the open access beyond 200 nautical miles led to uncontrolled competition and overexploitation. To counter this, incentives and subsidies were introduced.

Conclusion

Sustainability in fisheries can be achieved only through integrated efforts from nations, and more efficient methods of ensuring this must be adopted. Economic principles can be applied to develop more practical and legally sound systems. A holistic approach along with wider participation among nations through agreements and treaties can ensure sustainability, which is the need of the hour, in the long run.

The aim this study is to ensures the supply of safe drinking water that needs to be monitors within real time applications by using IOT(Internet Of Things)based system . This system consists of several sensors are used to measures the physical as well as chemical parameters of the water . The parameters such as temperature, pH , turbidity , conductivity , dissolved oxygen and hardness and also some chemical parameters of water. The measured values from the sensors can be carried to the micro controller of IOT based system .For this purpose more than 20 water samples were collected in different mandals of East Godavari District,Andra Pradesh, India .

Water is one of the most significant and most precious natural resources.It is embodiment of something in the life of all living organisms from the simplest plant and microorganisms to the most complex living system known as human body. A person can live without food for five weeks or more, but without water he can survive for only a few days .Water is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen atoms with a chemical formula H2O and the most generous compound (70%)on earth surface. Water is a limited resource and is essential for agriculture, industry and for creatures existence on earth including human beings. Lots of people don’t realize the true importance of drinking enough water every day. More water are wasted by many uncontrolled way. Water is an outstanding due to its unique chemical and physical properties.It be a pivotal factor for development and the quality of life in many countries.In individual dreary areas it has even become a survival factor(1).Therefore,”water stands for human consumption must not contain pathogen-microbes or deleterious chemicals”, because water contaminated with micro-organisms is the cause of ubiquitous(2) . That is good drinking water is not a opulence but one of the most crucial requirements of life itself(3).Water makes up more than two thirds of human body weight , human brain is made up of 95% of water, blood is 82% and lungs 90% . However, developing countries have endures from a lack of access to safe drinking water from recovered sources and to acceptable sanitation services(4) . The WHO(5) bring to light that seventy five percent of all diseases in developing countries develops from polluted drinking water.

Therefore water quality concerns frequently the most important component for measuring access to improved water sources(6).Acceptable quality shows the safety of drinking water in terms of physical , chemical and biological parameters(7) . International and local areas have established those parameters to determine physicochemical quality of drinking water . The problems associated with chemical compounds of drinking water arise primarily from their ability to cause adverse or harmful health effects after sustained periods of revealing of particular concerns are contaminants that have collecting noxious properties such as heavy metals and substances that are carcinogenic(8) . The most common problems in household water supplies may be hardness , iron , sulphades , sodiumchlorides , alkalinity , acidity and dissolved solids and some chemical contaminations.By using the IOT based monitoring system , we avoid and detects the unpurified water quality for the human utilized water .

The word pH stands for potential of hydrogen . It deals with measure of hydrogen ion concentration in water . And it decides the nature of water that is acidity or alkalinity nature of water.If the pH value of nearly 1 , it acts as acidic nature of water . The pH of 14 being strongly basic (or alkaline) nature . The standard value of pH is 7 ( that is Neutral) . Generally,the pH value of drinking water is ranges between 6.5-8.5 . It is considered as a standard level concentration of standard organisations . The range exceeds degree level of concentration causes the harmful effects to consumers.

Turbidity is a measure of clearness of water quality . This measurement deterrmines the how many particles are floating around in the water such as plant refuses , sand , precipitate and clay , which influences the amount of sunlight reaching aquatic plants . Turbidity can potentially affect the rate of photosynthesis, and therefore the growth of plants or algae in the water body. It is typically expressed using Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU).

Dissolved oxygen (DO) are reported in units of milligrams of oxygen gas (O2) dissolved in each litre of water (i.e. mg/L) or as a percentage of the maximum amount of DO that is possible in a waterbody at a specified temperature and salinity (% saturation) . DO concentrations are dependent on atmospheric pressure, and this is taken into account during instrument calibration. Considerable differences between DO concentrations at the surface and at depth in waterbodies can result from stratification of the water column, due to temperature or salinity effects. This effect is usually most pronounced in summer months when surface waters are considerably warmer than deeper waters. Excess DO can lead to ‘gas bubble disease’ in fish, where oxygen bubbles can form in the vascular system, gill lamellae and eyes, amongest other organs, which can lead to death . It can measures the both (mg/L and % saturation) should be recorded.

Electrical conductivity (EC) often simply called conductivity, is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current. The ability to conduct an electric current is due to the presence of dissolved salts. Thus, EC is used to calculate salinity and the concentration of dissolved salts in a waterbody. The formal unit for conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m), however microsiemens per centimetre (μS/cm) is more commonly used when measuring fresh or brackish waters, and millisiemens per centimetre (mS/cm) when measuring estuarine and marine waters. EC varies with temperature, and values reported are usually corrected to 25°C. Such data are known as Specific Conductance. A difference of 5°C can alter conductivity by approximately 10%. Many conductivity instruments have compensation functions so that EC at 25°C can be read directly (verify by checking the instruments manual).

Total dissolved solids (TDS) include total dissolved salts but also non-ionised species (e.g. sugars, other organics and colloidal particles). Therefore , “TDS values are often larger than total dissolved salt values for the same water sample “. Total dissolved solids are either determined by filtering a water sample, evaporating a weighed amount of filtrate to dryness in a weighed dish, drying to a constant weight , and determining the increased mass of the dish .

In drinking water hardness is mainly contributed by bicarbonates , carbonates , sulphates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium . So , the principal hardness causing ions are calcium and magnesium . The acceptable limit of total hardness is 300 mg/L whereas the maximum limit is 600 mg/L . Hardness can classified water as soft , moderate , hard and very hard . As per this classification most of the samples comes under moderate to hard category . On the basis of this classification it has been observed that no water samples are soft but all the measured values were within the acceptable limit values of BIS (300 mg/L) and WHO (500 mg/L) .

Arsenic contamination in drinking water has been reportes quality of water can be realised . WHO has prescribed a provisional guideline value of As 10 µg/l in drinking water and according to India standard drinking water specifications . The highest desirable limit is 50 µg/l and no relaxation for maximum permissible level . Early clinical symptoms of acute intoxication include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, muscular pain, and with flushing of the skin. Chronic exposure due to arsenic contaminated drinking water includes dermal lesions, peripheral neuropathy, skin cancer, and peripheral vascular disease. Major dermatological signs are nelano-keratosis, melanosis, spotted and diffuse keratosis, leucomelanosis, and dorsal keratosis .

Calcium is naturally present in water . It is a determinant of water hardness, because it can be found in water as Ca ions. Calcium content in the groundwater varies from 112.22 to 168.33 mg/l . All samples were within maximum permissible limit prescribed by the BIS and WHO .

Copper is an important to human health as an essential nutrient in low ammounts . As increasing the Cu content in the amount of water quality, it causes vomting , stomach cramps and nausea as well as liver and kidney problems . The desirable limits of Cu content in quality of water is 1.0 mg/l (WHO) and 0.05 mg/l (BSI) .

According to WHO 1984 and Indian standard drinking water specification 1991 the maximum permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 ppm and highest desirable limit is 1.0 ppm. Fluoride concentrations above 1.5 ppm in drinking water cause dental fluorosis and much higher concentration skeletal fluorosis. Low concentration (approximately 0.5 ppm) provides protection against dental caries.

Iron[9] is the most abundant element , by weight , in the earth’s crust . Iron is the second most abundant metal in earth’s crust . It is an essential element in human nutrition . The minimum daily requirement of iron is ranged from about 10 to 50 mg/ day (FAO/WHO 1988) . Natural water contains variable amounts of iron despite its universal distribution and abundance. Iron in drinking water is normally present in the ferrous or bivalent from (Fe++) . It is a vital oxygen transport mechanism in the blood all vertebrate and some invertebrate animals .

According to India standard drinking water specification 1991, highest desirable limit of lead in drinking water is 0.05 ppm and no relaxation for maximum permissible limit. Provisional tolerable weekly intake of 25 µg/l lead per kg body wt or 93.5 µg/kg body wt/ day for all age group was established (WHO 1993). From a drinking water perspective, the almost universal use of lead compounds in plumbing fittings and as solder in water distribution systems is important . It is present in tap water to some extent as a result of its dissolution from natural sources but primarily from household plumbing systems in which the pipes, solder, fittings, or service connections to homes contain lead . Lead is a cumulative general poison and associated with several health hazards like anemia (Moore. 1988),[10] reproductive effects (Wildt et al . 1983)[11] (Cullen et al . 1984).[12]

A large number of minerals contains the magnesium; It is washed from rocks and later on ends up in water. It has many different purposes and consequently may end up in water in many different ways. It also ends up in the environment from fertilizer application and from cattle feed. The values of magnesium ranges from 96.00 to 153.17 mg/l prescribed by BIS.

Sodium[13] is the sixth most abundant element in The Earth’s crust and it stems from rocks and soils . Concentrations however are much lower, depending on geological conditions and water contamination sodium compounds serve many different industrial purposes . The Sodium content in study area has shown variation from 82 to 1093 mg/l prescribed by BIS .

In this, the supply of safe drinking water quality parameters such as pH, Turbidity, Temperature, Conductivity and Hardness and also some chemical parameters are can be monitors within real time applications by using IOT(Internet Of Things)based system . And also examines the more than 20 water samples in different mandals of East Godavari District,Andra Pradesh in India were be recorded .

The aim this study is to ensures the supply of safe drinking water that needs to be monitors within real time applications by using IOT(Internet Of Things)based system . This system consists of several sensors are used to measures the physical as well as chemical parameters of the water . The parameters such as temperature, pH , turbidity , conductivity , dissolved oxygen and hardness and also some chemical parameters of water. The measured values from the sensors can be carried to the micro controller of IOT based system .For this purpose more than 20 water samples were collected in different mandals of East Godavari District,Andra Pradesh, India .

Water is one of the most significant and most precious natural resources.It is embodiment of something in the life of all living organisms from the simplest plant and microorganisms to the most complex living system known as human body. A person can live without food for five weeks or more, but without water he can survive for only a few days .Water is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen atoms with a chemical formula H2O and the most generous compound (70%)on earth surface. Water is a limited resource and is essential for agriculture, industry and for creatures existence on earth including human beings. Lots of people don’t realize the true importance of drinking enough water every day. More water are wasted by many uncontrolled way. Water is an outstanding due to its unique chemical and physical properties.It be a pivotal factor for development and the quality of life in many countries.In individual dreary areas it has even become a survival factor(1).Therefore,”water stands for human consumption must not contain pathogen-microbes or deleterious chemicals”, because water contaminated with micro-organisms is the cause of ubiquitous(2) . That is good drinking water is not a opulence but one of the most crucial requirements of life itself(3).Water makes up more than two thirds of human body weight , human brain is made up of 95% of water, blood is 82% and lungs 90% . However, developing countries have endures from a lack of access to safe drinking water from recovered sources and to acceptable sanitation services(4) . The WHO(5) bring to light that seventy five percent of all diseases in developing countries develops from polluted drinking water.

Therefore water quality concerns frequently the most important component for measuring access to improved water sources(6).Acceptable quality shows the safety of drinking water in terms of physical , chemical and biological parameters(7) . International and local areas have established those parameters to determine physicochemical quality of drinking water . The problems associated with chemical compounds of drinking water arise primarily from their ability to cause adverse or harmful health effects after sustained periods of revealing of particular concerns are contaminants that have collecting noxious properties such as heavy metals and substances that are carcinogenic(8) . The most common problems in household water supplies may be hardness , iron , sulphades , sodiumchlorides , alkalinity , acidity and dissolved solids and some chemical contaminations.By using the IOT based monitoring system , we avoid and detects the unpurified water quality for the human utilized water .

The word pH stands for potential of hydrogen . It deals with measure of hydrogen ion concentration in water . And it decides the nature of water that is acidity or alkalinity nature of water.If the pH value of nearly 1 , it acts as acidic nature of water . The pH of 14 being strongly basic (or alkaline) nature . The standard value of pH is 7 ( that is Neutral) . Generally,the pH value of drinking water is ranges between 6.5-8.5 . It is considered as a standard level concentration of standard organisations . The range exceeds degree level of concentration causes the harmful effects to consumers.

Turbidity is a measure of clearness of water quality . This measurement deterrmines the how many particles are floating around in the water such as plant refuses , sand , precipitate and clay , which influences the amount of sunlight reaching aquatic plants . Turbidity can potentially affect the rate of photosynthesis, and therefore the growth of plants or algae in the water body. It is typically expressed using Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU).

Dissolved oxygen (DO) are reported in units of milligrams of oxygen gas (O2) dissolved in each litre of water (i.e. mg/L) or as a percentage of the maximum amount of DO that is possible in a waterbody at a specified temperature and salinity (% saturation) . DO concentrations are dependent on atmospheric pressure, and this is taken into account during instrument calibration. Considerable differences between DO concentrations at the surface and at depth in waterbodies can result from stratification of the water column, due to temperature or salinity effects. This effect is usually most pronounced in summer months when surface waters are considerably warmer than deeper waters. Excess DO can lead to ‘gas bubble disease’ in fish, where oxygen bubbles can form in the vascular system, gill lamellae and eyes, amongest other organs, which can lead to death . It can measures the both (mg/L and % saturation) should be recorded.

Electrical conductivity (EC) often simply called conductivity, is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current. The ability to conduct an electric current is due to the presence of dissolved salts. Thus, EC is used to calculate salinity and the concentration of dissolved salts in a waterbody. The formal unit for conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m), however microsiemens per centimetre (μS/cm) is more commonly used when measuring fresh or brackish waters, and millisiemens per centimetre (mS/cm) when measuring estuarine and marine waters. EC varies with temperature, and values reported are usually corrected to 25°C. Such data are known as Specific Conductance. A difference of 5°C can alter conductivity by approximately 10%. Many conductivity instruments have compensation functions so that EC at 25°C can be read directly (verify by checking the instruments manual).

Total dissolved solids (TDS) include total dissolved salts but also non-ionised species (e.g. sugars, other organics and colloidal particles). Therefore , “TDS values are often larger than total dissolved salt values for the same water sample “. Total dissolved solids are either determined by filtering a water sample, evaporating a weighed amount of filtrate to dryness in a weighed dish, drying to a constant weight , and determining the increased mass of the dish .

In drinking water hardness is mainly contributed by bicarbonates , carbonates , sulphates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium . So , the principal hardness causing ions are calcium and magnesium . The acceptable limit of total hardness is 300 mg/L whereas the maximum limit is 600 mg/L . Hardness can classified water as soft , moderate , hard and very hard . As per this classification most of the samples comes under moderate to hard category . On the basis of this classification it has been observed that no water samples are soft but all the measured values were within the acceptable limit values of BIS (300 mg/L) and WHO (500 mg/L) .

Arsenic contamination in drinking water has been reportes quality of water can be realised . WHO has prescribed a provisional guideline value of As 10 µg/l in drinking water and according to India standard drinking water specifications . The highest desirable limit is 50 µg/l and no relaxation for maximum permissible level . Early clinical symptoms of acute intoxication include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, muscular pain, and with flushing of the skin. Chronic exposure due to arsenic contaminated drinking water includes dermal lesions, peripheral neuropathy, skin cancer, and peripheral vascular disease. Major dermatological signs are nelano-keratosis, melanosis, spotted and diffuse keratosis, leucomelanosis, and dorsal keratosis .

Calcium is naturally present in water . It is a determinant of water hardness, because it can be found in water as Ca ions. Calcium content in the groundwater varies from 112.22 to 168.33 mg/l . All samples were within maximum permissible limit prescribed by the BIS and WHO .

Copper is an important to human health as an essential nutrient in low ammounts . As increasing the Cu content in the amount of water quality, it causes vomting , stomach cramps and nausea as well as liver and kidney problems . The desirable limits of Cu content in quality of water is 1.0 mg/l (WHO) and 0.05 mg/l (BSI) .

According to WHO 1984 and Indian standard drinking water specification 1991 the maximum permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 ppm and highest desirable limit is 1.0 ppm. Fluoride concentrations above 1.5 ppm in drinking water cause dental fluorosis and much higher concentration skeletal fluorosis. Low concentration (approximately 0.5 ppm) provides protection against dental caries.

Iron[9] is the most abundant element , by weight , in the earth’s crust . Iron is the second most abundant metal in earth’s crust . It is an essential element in human nutrition . The minimum daily requirement of iron is ranged from about 10 to 50 mg/ day (FAO/WHO 1988) . Natural water contains variable amounts of iron despite its universal distribution and abundance. Iron in drinking water is normally present in the ferrous or bivalent from (Fe++) . It is a vital oxygen transport mechanism in the blood all vertebrate and some invertebrate animals .

According to India standard drinking water specification 1991, highest desirable limit of lead in drinking water is 0.05 ppm and no relaxation for maximum permissible limit. Provisional tolerable weekly intake of 25 µg/l lead per kg body wt or 93.5 µg/kg body wt/ day for all age group was established (WHO 1993). From a drinking water perspective, the almost universal use of lead compounds in plumbing fittings and as solder in water distribution systems is important . It is present in tap water to some extent as a result of its dissolution from natural sources but primarily from household plumbing systems in which the pipes, solder, fittings, or service connections to homes contain lead . Lead is a cumulative general poison and associated with several health hazards like anemia (Moore. 1988),[10] reproductive effects (Wildt et al . 1983)[11] (Cullen et al . 1984).[12]

A large number of minerals contains the magnesium; It is washed from rocks and later on ends up in water. It has many different purposes and consequently may end up in water in many different ways. It also ends up in the environment from fertilizer application and from cattle feed. The values of magnesium ranges from 96.00 to 153.17 mg/l prescribed by BIS.

Sodium[13] is the sixth most abundant element in The Earth’s crust and it stems from rocks and soils . Concentrations however are much lower, depending on geological conditions and water contamination sodium compounds serve many different industrial purposes . The Sodium content in study area has shown variation from 82 to 1093 mg/l prescribed by BIS .

In this, the supply of safe drinking water quality parameters such as pH, Turbidity, Temperature, Conductivity and Hardness and also some chemical parameters are can be monitors within real time applications by using IOT(Internet Of Things)based system . And also examines the more than 20 water samples in different mandals of East Godavari District,Andra Pradesh in India were be recorded .