Category: Music

Have you ever heard that your health insurance may cover Art and Music Therapy? (make a pause for potential response) In the present day, this option cannot be regarded as common, and creative sessions will be covered only if they are proved to be medically necessary. Moreover, while health care providers study the ability of art to impact a patient’s condition, a considerable number of people believe that this therapy is not necessary as art and music are for entertainment, and they cannot heal. However, (higher tone) I do believe that creative sessions should be available for all patients, and I am going to prove to you that music and art are highly beneficial for human health. (pause)

First of all, creative arts may be used in the treatment provided for patients with mental health disorders. I am sure that almost everyone may confirm that listening to particular songs or drawing helped them to recover from a breakup or distract from disturbing thoughts. In the same way, arts and music may help people who face emotional distress, anxiety, or depression improve their mood, trigger positive associations, and contribute to the healing of psychological trauma. (pause)

While music helps reduce loneliness and emotional pain, arts may substantially contribute to the efficiency of treatment and determine its outcomes. For instance, through drawing, people may frequently show feelings and emotions that they cannot express through words. In this case, when health care providers organize art sessions, they may better understand the unspoken needs of patients and adapt treatment practices in accordance with them. (pause)

Finally, it is generally known that our emotions impact our physical health. In other words, when we feel inspired and motivated, we recover faster. Thus, when patients, regardless of their diseases, are provided with an opportunity to have creative sessions, they will be fulfilled with positive emotions that will lead to positive outcomes in relation to their physical well-being. To conclude, I hope that I was able to describe the benefits of the coverage of Art and Music Therapy by health insurance in the most appropriate way to address your concerns related to its expediency. Thank you for your attention!

Problem Statement

Schizophrenic patients’ impaired social functioning and strategies to reduce this chronic symptom present critical issues in inpatient psychiatric settings. The problem that the study will focus on is that music therapy (MT) interventions are not widely used to care for schizophrenic patients despite the existence of scientific evidence to support its benefits for those in inpatient facilities. Multiple researchers, including Volpe et al. (2018), Lee et al. (2020), Jeon et al. (2017), Tseng et al. (2016), Paul et al. (2020), and He et al. (2018), report that active and passive MT interventions, including playing music/singing, listening to the music, and self-reflection, can strengthen schizophrenic patients’ social functioning and interaction abilities. As per the systematic review by Geretsegger et al. (2017), MT can influence social functioning positively even when delivered by nurses and psychiatrists with limited training in MT provision. In qualitative research, MT has been shown to offer valuable social experiences to schizophrenia patients (Lotter & Van Staden, 2019).

Concerning schizophrenic inpatients’ perceived life quality, the evidence is more heterogeneous. Relatively recent studies by Jia et al. (2020) and Pinar and Tel (2020) demonstrate adjunct MT’s ability to increase adult schizophrenic patients’ quality of life even when it comes to unstructured passive listening activities, whereas Jeon et al. (2017) report a 12-session active MT program’s insignificant effects on life quality. Considering MT’s widely demonstrated positive impacts and the absence of side-effects, developing guidelines for its implementation could take psychiatric care quality to the next level.

Practice-Focused Question(s)

One practice-focused question can be formulated to address the aforementioned practice gap and summarize the benefits of implementing MT to support hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. What are the research-based recommendations regarding the use of adjunct music therapy in inpatient psychiatric facilities for increasing schizophrenic patients’ quality of life and social functioning? Consequently, the purpose of the project will be to review the existing literature and prepare a document with recommendations regarding MT in the discussed population, including psychiatric nurses’ acceptable role in delivering such interventions.

Social Change

The EBP project can promote positive social change by evaluating the ways to transform schizophrenic patients with poor social cognition into individuals that live a satisfactory social life. The project will support the exploration of easy-to-implement, non-costly, and non-pharmacological interventions, such as music therapy, in psychiatric populations with impaired social problem-solving abilities and interpersonal communication skills. These efforts will shed light on effective adjunctive treatments for schizophrenia that could supplement the effects of standard care for hospitalized patients with this diagnosis without significant risks and expensive equipment. The project will facilitate the expansion of knowledge regarding therapies that support social skills in those diagnosed with schizophrenia, thus promoting positive social change by facilitating this population’s rehabilitation after hospitalization and reintegration into society. The proposal aligns with the university’s mission statement in that it will involve exploring safe interventions that have the potential of improving the vulnerable population’s perceived quality of life and skills required to contribute to society. This experience will enable the implementation of the practitioner-scholar model into my everyday practice by transforming research-based knowledge into opportunities for promoting patient well-being.

The Context for the Doctoral Project

My current workplace serves as the intended setting for the project, and the document will be developed for this organization. It is an inpatient psychiatric facility that cares for adult and geriatric patients with diverse mood and chronic brain disorders that affect a person’s social activity and functioning and create obstacles to role fulfillment, ranging from relatively mild issues to social dangerousness. The facility specializes in the treatment of individuals with anxiety, depressive and bipolar disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and other less common diagnoses. Accomplishing the project in this setting will be feasible due to several reasons. Firstly, the facility’s employees are experienced in treating schizophrenia patients and have access to equipment, resources, and medications that these healthcare consumers need, so the developed guidelines will be easy to implement. Secondly, music therapy activities, especially receptive ones, do not require expensive equipment, which will also add to the ease of implementation.

Sources of Evidence

The evidence that supports the need for the broader implementation of MT, including nurses’ participation in MT delivery, to support schizophrenia inpatients’ mental health stabilization and social skills can be found in both single research projects and reviews. In their systematic review, Geretsegger et al. (2017) offer level I evidence in favor of the safety and effectiveness of MT interventions for schizophrenic patients’ life quality and social functioning, including programs delivered by psychiatric nurses with minimal training in MT. Geretsegger et al. (2017) conclude that the existing evidence supports the need for making MT programs more available for those with schizophrenia. In their source of level III evidence, Lee et al. (2020) demonstrate experienced psychiatric nurses’ ability to deliver safe and effective MT programs. As per their study, a 15-session MT program developed and implemented by a psychiatric nurse with some assistance from professionals in MT promotes significant increases in schizophrenia patients’ interpersonal relationship functioning without any risks for participants (Lee et al., 2020). Based on the results, Lee et al. (2020) suggest that non-pharmacological nursing interventions with MT elements would be helpful in supporting schizophrenic patients’ social reintegration.

Approach or Procedural Steps

The possible procedural steps for the project include searching for evidence related to MT in schizophrenia and conducting a systematic review of studies with particular attention to MT interventions’ types, effects, duration, and providers’ qualifications. The results will then be converted into a comprehensive document for my current workplace, specifying the best MT interventions for schizophrenic inpatients, including dosage, indications and contraindications, nurses’ roles in delivering MT programs, and other critical aspects. To obtain relevant data and resources, it will be possible to use academic databases and collaborate with local music therapy professionals. The proposed project is among the possible project types specified in the guide. It will not involve experiments in actual patient groups and can be classified as the third acceptable option – clinical practice guidelines development.

Ethical

Due to its focus on guideline creation, the project will not involve interventions in actual patient groups, so protections for human subjects will not be relevant. Regarding ethical issues, it is unlikely that they will emerge and create obstacles for the project’s completion. However, existing ethical concerns associated with currently used MT treatments will be discussed in the final document to promote the informed use of MT in schizophrenia inpatients.

Alignment

The selected research problem aligns with the remaining components of the initial proposal and the clinical question related to the absence of clear guidelines regarding MT in schizophrenia. MT interventions’ positive effects are cited ubiquitously in recent literature, and the authors of meta-analytical and systematic review studies cited above agree that this promising treatment can be helpful for schizophrenia patients’ social competence, at least in the short to medium term, which makes it a safe option to consider (Geretsegger et al., 2017; Jia et al., 2020). The drafted steps will help to contribute to the problem’s resolution by summarizing the currently available evidence and translating it into recommendations regarding improving the discussed group’s outcomes and chronic symptoms.

References

Geretsegger, M., Mössler, K. A., Bieleninik, Ł., Chen, X. J., Heldal, T. O., & Gold, C. (2017). Music therapy for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5), 1-85.

He, H., Yang, M., Duan, M., Chen, X., Lai, Y., Xia, Y., Shao, J., Biswal, B. B., Luo, C., & Yao, D. (2018). Music intervention leads to increased insular connectivity and improved clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 1-15.

Jeon, G. S., Gang, M., & Oh, K. (2017). The effectiveness of the Nanta-program on psychiatric symptoms, interpersonal relationships, and quality of life in forensic inpatients with schizophrenia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 31(1), 93-98.

Jia, R., Liang, D., Yu, J., Lu, G., Wang, Z., Wu, Z., Huang, H., & Chen, C. (2020). The effectiveness of adjunct music therapy for patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 293, 1-10.

Lee, K., Lee, K. J., & Cho, J. M. (2020). Effect of Korean folk music intervention on schizophrenia inpatients’ emotional behavior and interpersonal relationship functioning. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 1-23.

Lotter, C., & Van Staden, W. (2019). Verbal affordances of active and receptive music therapy methods in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 64, 1-22.

Paul, N., Lotter, C., & Van Staden, W. (2020). Patient reflections on individual music therapy for a major depressive disorder or acute phase schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Journal of Music Therapy. 1-25.

Pinar, S. E., & Tel, H. (2019). The effect of music on auditory hallucination and quality of life in schizophrenic patients: A randomised controlled trial. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 40(1), 50-57.

Tseng, P. T., Chen, Y. W., Lin, P. Y., Tu, K. Y., Wang, H. Y., Cheng, Y. S., Chang, Y. C., Chang, C. H., Chung, W., & Wu, C. K. (2016). Significant treatment effect of adjunct music therapy to standard treatment on the positive, negative, and mood symptoms of schizophrenic patients: A meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1-11.

Volpe, U., Gianoglio, C., Autiero, L., Marino, M.L., Facchini, D., Mucci, A., & Galderisi, S. (2018). Acute effects of music therapy in subjects with psychosis during inpatient treatment. Psychiatry MMC, 81(3), 218–227.

Abstract

In this paper, I outline the effect of music as a natural laxative and explore studies that have been done to examine the effect of music on our health. Though Dr. Seaward’s work on stress management is extensive, I have taken the liberty to explore a number of other, equally authoritative studies on music as well.

Introduction

The power of slow and quiet music as an effective relaxation technique is widely acknowledged because of its strong link to our emotions. In addition, music has a physiological effect on our bodies. Slow and moderate tempo music counteracts the effects of stress by reducing the production of stress hormones. In addition, it lowers the heart rate and blood pressure. Classical music has particularly been known to be quite effective in relieving stress and making the listener relax.

Research and Studies on Music’s Effect on Health

Recent scientific studies show that singing along one’s favourite music can also have a great releasing effect on tension. Again, calming music may also help induce sleep, and by extension relieve stress (Seaward, 2012). The relaxing effect may also be explained from the fact that slow music also tends to slow down the brain and induce the release of ‘feel-good’ hormones (Seaward, 2012).

Meditation is a powerful relaxation technique, and it can be easily induced by music. The sounds of nature, sometimes incorporated into musical compositions, have a tendency to call forth a soothing effect. This in turn induces a relaxed mood and stress relief (Collingwood, 2007).

Given the strong correlation that music has with meditation and stress reduction, the discipline and practice of stress therapy has slowly come to the forefront as an important tool for stress management (Collingwood, 2007). Additionally, “when used in combination with biofeedback techniques, music can reduce tension and facilitate the relaxation response” (Collingwood, 2007, Music Therapy, para. 1).

Though it is generally agreed that listening to music produces relaxation, it is not yet widely agreed what genre is most effective. In a research study by Valorie Salimpor from Rotman Institute in Toronto (cited in Landau, 2013), participants listened to 60 excerpts of music they had never heard before while in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) machine.

Findings from this research indicated that certain components of the brain, that is, the nucleus accumbens and the temporal gyrus play a role in determining which music one is likely to like. Their work is based on ‘templates’ that have been stored in the brain which pre-dispose individuals to like music they have listened to more often than that which they have not (Landau, 2013).

Another study corroborated the thesis that music has physiological benefits. Cited by Landau (2013), the study involved researchers looking at the effect of music to patients just about to go into surgery. Randomly, participants were either given anti-anxiety drugs or listen to music. The patient’s own ratings of their own anxiety were monitored as well as the level of the stress hormone cortisol.

It was found that those who listened to music had less anxiety compared to those who took anti-anxiety pills. In the same study, the researchers also discovered that music bolsters the immune system in their evidence that music is closely linked to Immunoglobin A, an antibody. In an experiment by Dr. Mike Miller, the effects of music on the cardiovascular system were tested using high-tech imaging.

Miller measured blood vessel size during a music-listening session. He found that listening to music that one enjoys tends to open up and relax the blood vessels and also produce chemicals protective to the heart (Willingham, 2009). This profound effect on physiological processes may be what brings about a corresponding psychological effect of relaxation.

References

Collingwood, J. (2007). The Power of Music to Reduce Stress. Web.

Landau, E. (2013). This is your brain on music. Web.

Seaward, B.L. (2012). Managing stress: Principles and strategies for health and well- being (7^th Edition). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Willingham, V. (2009). The power of music: It’s a real heart opener. Web.

The advantages of music and its role in individual growth are infinite. It amazes me how it improves people on a variety of levels and in numerous ways. It is a well-known fact that music stimulates brain functioning and blood flow. Many people mention that their mental stability and recollection have increased with listening to music while their stress and discomfort have lowered. Speaking from personal experience, music has played a big role in my life, motivating me to try my strength and achieve my goals.

As a child, I never aimed for the stars and just hoped to have a stable and happy future. I believed that someday I would graduate from school, then I would do my best to have a degree in the field that interests me the most and pursue the career that will make me content with my life. Everything changed when the group of children I knew told me I would never succeed in anything since I was not good enough. They claimed I would never have an opportunity to move to another city or have a decent career or place because I was simply not built to be ambitious and assertive. I believe that this was the pivotal moment when I realized that nobody could tell me whether I was good enough for something, and it was me who could decide. The song that influenced me at this time is called A Million Dreams by Michelle Williams. The rhythm and lyrics of the music inspired me to believe in myself. The singer claims that “we can live in a world that we design,” and now, with the help of music, I firmly believe that I can achieve my goals, “however big, however small” (Atlantic Records 3:20). My future is in my hands, and negative comments will only make me work harder.

In this sense, music is not only something that helps me reduce stress and feel more comfortable. To me, music is the haven that motivates me to work towards my goals. As a child, I thought that mediocre life was my option. However, after facing negative comments and being told I was not good enough, I decided I was the only person who could resolve this. The song A Million Dreams by Michelle Williams proved to me that the sky is the limit and I should achieve my million dreams, despite the hate.

Work Cited

Atlantic Records. “The Greatest Showman Cast – a Million Dreams.” YouTube, Web.

Introduction

For ages, human beings have been listening to music as a form of entertainment that soothes and creates a pleasant ambiance. The effects of music on the heart rate vary from one genre to another, depending on the nature and pace of rhythm. Koelsch (2014) argues that music influences the heart rate through the pace of rhythm. A genre of music with slow rhythms such as Classical and Jazz tends to slow the heart rate, whereas a type of music with fast rhythms such as Rock and Rap tends to increase the heart rate. Therapeutic music usually creates a calming and relaxing ambiance, which brings about a reduction in the rate of heartbeat (Koelsch 2014; Scot et al. 2017).

In a relaxed ambiance, the body receives a signal and informs the brain to reduce the rate of heartbeat and breathing. Daily experience has proved that music is significant to humans because it affects beats per minute (BPM) of the heart rate and consequently determines the level of blood pressure. In this view, the experiment sought to establish the effects of music genres on the rate of heartbeats among young adults (15-25) and adults (45-55).

Hypotheses

• Jazz and Classical music genres diminish the heart rate because their rhythms have a slow pace that creates a peaceful ambiance for the body and heart to relax.
  • H0: Jazz and Classical music genres do not cause a significant diminution in the heart rate among participants.
  • H1: Jazz and Classical music genres cause a significant diminution in the heart rate among participants.
• Rock and Rap music genres increase the heart rate since their rhythms have a fast pace that forms a tensed environment and causes the heart to beat fast.
  • H0: Rock and Rap music genres do not cause a significant increase in the rate of heartbeat among participants.
  • H1: Jazz and Classical music genres cause a significant increase in the rate of heartbeat among participants.
• R&B music genre stabilizes heartbeat to the normal beats per minute (61-78) because its rhythm comprises of both slow pace beat and lyrical connection.
  • H0: R&B music genre does not stabilize the rate of the heartbeat at about 70 beats per minute among participants.
  • H1: R&B music genre stabilizes the rate of the heartbeat at about 70 beats per minute among participants.

Variables

The dependent variable of the study is the heart rate (BPM). In the experiment, the heart rate comprised of the initial heart rate (IBPM) and the final heart rate (FBPM). Comparison of the initial heart rate and the final heart rate indicated the effect of music genres on the heart rate of the participants. The independent variable of the study is a genre of music that the participants listened to after the measurement of the initial heart rate. The genre of music is an independent variable, for it is a factor that influences the heart rate among the participants. It comprised of Jazz, Classical, Rap, Rock, and Rap, which are major genres of music.

The study had to control extraneous variables, namely, temperature, time of the day, environment, heart rate monitor, the type of song, volume of music, and time of music, for they have confounding effects on the outcome, which is the heart rate among the participants. Thus, to ensure there is a high internal validity of the outcomes, the study had to control these variables. The experiment was performed in a room with a stable room temperature (23⁰C±0.5⁰C).

Temperature affects the heart rate because a high temperature increases the rate of metabolism and ventilation, resulting in increased heart rate. In contrast, a low temperature reduces the rate of metabolism and ventilation in the body, leading to decreased heart rate. Time of day influences heart rate because the human body follows a circadian rhythm, which regulates physiological activities such as the heart rate and sleep pattern. To control the confounding effect of time of day, the study was undertaken at 5 pm.

Since the environment affects the heart rate by triggering diverse reactions in the body, which vary according to favorability or unpleasantness to individuals. The study controlled the environment by ensuring that all participants took part in the experiment in a living room, which is familiar and has constant conditions. The study guaranteed the reliability of the heart rate monitor by using one monitor throughout the study. Since a measuring instrument has internal errors that create an ambiguity in research outcomes, the study maintained the uncertainty in all groups and trials by using the same heart rate monitor.

As varied songs within the same genre have different impacts on individuals, the study maintained consistency of impacts by selecting a song that perfectly represents a genre and playing it across all groups and tests. Given that the intensity of a sound determines the effect of a song, the study used the same volume in all groups and trials. The study used iphone7 and headphones as devices and set the volume to 70% (224Kbps) under beats by Dre. The time of music is a factor that determines its effects on individuals. To allow music to have a considerable effect, the study provided sufficient time for participants to listen and experience impacts.

Materials

• Mobile phone (iPhone 7)
• Heart rate monitor
• Headphones
• Music genres (Jazz, Classical, Rap, Rock, and R&B)

Method Used

The study employed an experimental design in determining the effect of music genres on the heart rate of individuals. The study selected 40 individuals (N = 40) belonging to 15-25 age group (n = 20) and 40-55 (n = 20) age group to participate in the study. Participants in each age group listened to the selected songs representing the five genres of music, namely, Jazz, Classical, Rap, Rock, and R&B. Among participants aged 15-25, the time measured was 3 minutes, whereas, in participants aged 40-55, the time measured was 1 minute 30 seconds.

The living room was checked to ensure that it met the requirements of the study. Participants were directed to stay in the living room and allowed to rest for two minutes to feel comfortable and permit their bodies to acclimatize to the environment. The heart rate monitor was strapped to participants, and the initial heart rate was measured. The volume of headphones used was set and tested before giving to participants. Once the headphones were checked, a song was played to test played, and the hearing comfort of participants was assessed to guarantee appropriateness. The volume of the iPhone 7 was adjusted to 70%, and the music was played.

The participants were monitored closely to make sure that the played music does not cause discomfort. After three minutes, the music was paused, and the headphones were removed from participants. Immediately, the heart rate was measured, and the final heart rate was recorded. The participants were allowed to rest for 3 minutes to allow the heart rate to normalize before they undergo a similar procedure with another genre of music. The same procedure was used for testing all genres and age groups.

Safety Instructions

• A great precaution was taken to ensure the volume of the played music was not too high to damage the eardrum and cause hearing loss.
• Owing to the complexity of the heart rate monitor, understanding of its use was necessary to prevent the occurrence of injuries.
• The safety precautions of wearing protective gear such as gloves, apron, goggles, and holding materials were not compulsory.

Data Collected

The data were collected from 40 participants and recorded in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for analysis. The data comprised of gender, age, age group, time measured, initial heart rate, and final heart rate (Appendix A).

Conclusion

Ample evidence shows that music influences the heart rate among humans. The influence emanates from the pace of rhythms in a song, which varies from one genre to another. In this case, the study selected five different songs to represent Jazz, Classical, Rap, Rock, and R&B genres. The study was performed among 20 young adults aged 15-25 years and 20 adults aged 40-55 years. The study took place in a living room where variables such as temperature and environment were controlled to enhance the internal validity of outcomes. Adults listened to music for 1 minute 30 seconds, while young adults listened to music for 3 minutes through headphones connected to iPhone 7.

The analysis of the data verified that a genre of music influences the heart rate of both young adults and adults. The findings support the hypotheses of the study, for they demonstrated that Jazz and Classical music decrease the heart rate, while Rock and Rap music increase the heart rate. Moreover, the findings confirmed that R&B stabilizes the heart rate as hypothesized.

Evaluation

Descriptive Statistics

Table 1 shows that there are apparent differences in the means of initial heart rate and final heart rate among participants exposed to the five genres of music. Field (2014) holds that descriptive statistics provide patterns and trends of data. Evidently, the mean of the initial heart rate of participants who listened to Jazz music (M = 70.03, SD = 6.451) is higher than the mean of the final heart rate (M = 66.75, SD 6.238). Likewise, the mean of the initial heart of participants who listened to Classical music (M = 70.30, SD = 6.422) is higher than the mean of the final heart rate (M = 65.55, SD = 5.697).

Table 1.

Comparatively, Rap and Rock music exhibited an opposite effect on the heart rate of participants. Rap music increased the mean of the heart rate from 70.35 (SD = 6.475) to the mean of the final heart rate of 72.70 (SD =5.805). Similarly, Rock music increased the mean of the heart rate from 69.48 (SD = 5.738) to the mean of the final heart rate of 74.30 (SD = 5.019). R&B music appeared to have no effect on the heart rate for the initial mean (M = 69.53, SD = 5.987) is the same as the final mean (M = 69.53, SD = 6.976).

Analysis of Variance

Table 2 provides ANOVA outcomes, which indicates the significance of the differences between the means of the initial heart rate and the final heart rate. In all genres of music, means of the initial heart rate do not have statistically significant differences (F(4,195) = 0.202, p = 0.937). The insignificance difference in means implies that participants had the same initial heart rates. However, means of the final heart rate have statistically significant differences across all genres of music.

Table 2.

Mean Plots

Figures 1 and 2 depict differences in the means of the initial heart rate and the final heart rate. From the figure, it is evident that Jazz and Classical music decrease heart rate, whereas rock and rap increase the heart rate. However, R&B maintains the heart rate for the initial mean, and the final mean of the heart rate of participants remained relatively constant.

Multivariate Analysis

Since the data comprise time of measurement, the genre of music, age group, multivariate analysis was performed to determine their individual and cooperative influence on the heart rate among patients. According to Jackson (2015), the multivariate analysis applies when there are more than two independent and dependent variables. The findings demonstrate that the time and the age group do not influence the outcome of the heart rate among participants. However, the genre of music has a significant influence on the heart rate of the participants, F(8, 378) = 19.720, p = 000. The interaction between time and genre, time and age group, genre and age group, and the combination of three variables did not have a significant impact on the heart rate.

Table 3.

Post-Hoc Analysis

To determine the significance of each genre in influencing the heart rate, a posthoc analysis was undertaken. The posthoc analysis shows that the means of the initial heart rates among different genres did not exhibit statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). The existence of insignificant differences implies that the participants had the same heart rate, and thus, formed the baseline of the study.

Table 4.

Comparatively, the posthoc analysis shows that Jazz and Classical music have statistically significantly lower final heart rate than the initial heart rate (p = 0.000). This finding rejects the null hypothesis but supports the alternative hypothesis that Jazz and Classical music genres cause a significant diminution in the heart rate among participants. Post-hoc analysis of Rap and Rock shows that they have statistically significantly higher heart rate than the initial heart rate. Thus, the test rejects the null hypothesis but supports the alternative hypothesis that Jazz and Classical music genres cause a significant increase in the rate of heartbeat among participants.

These findings are in line with the argument of Koelsch and Jancke (2015) that exciting music stimulates the heart rate and respiratory rate, while tranquilizing music causes a calming effect. Moreover, a similar study compared the effects of two genres of music and established that Rap music increased heart rate, while Classical music reduced the heart rate among college students aged between 20 and 22 years during exercise (Scot et al. 2017). Concerning R&B, the test fails to reject the null hypothesis that the R&B music genre stabilizes the rate of the heartbeat at about 70 beats per minute among participants.

Appendix A

Reference List

Field, A 2014, Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics, 4th edn, SAGE Publications, Los Angeles, CA.

Jackson, J 2015, Research methods and statistics: a critical thinking approach, 5th edn, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.

Koelsch, S & Jancke, L 2015, ‘Music and the heart’, European Heart Journal, vol. 36, no. 44, pp. 3043-3049.

Koelsch, S 2014, ‘Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions’, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 170-80

Scot, D, Paris, S, Cochrane, B, Rund, A & Bhowmik, K 2017, ‘The effects of music genres on average heart rate during exercise’, Kinesiology, vol. 288, no. 1, pp. 1-4.

Trappe, J & Voit, G 2016, ‘The cardiovascular effect of musical genres: a randomized controlled study on the effect of compositions by W. A. Mozart, J. Strauss, and ABBA’, Deutsches Arzteblatt International, vol.11, no. 20, pp. 347-352.

According to Altenmuller and Schlaug (2013 p. 210), burgeoning research on music exposure and its impact on biochemical changes clearly show increasing interest in this field. Numerous researches exist on the changes in behavior through physiological reactions. Hence, the impact of music on the production of messenger marks a positive step for researchers. The author reviews signaling molecules such as neurotransmitters, hormones, and cytokines, which carry out significant bodily regulations. In the review, Gangrade (2011 p. 40) asserts that music creates positive immune functions and elicits responses that promote positive emotions, capable of alleviating stress.

On the other hand, pathways of messenger functions are critical to comprehending the relationship of the mind with other bodily functions. These functions give messengers their complex aggregative effect that another messenger offsets or amplifies. In light of this, the article review analyzes the relationship between music and the assembly of these messengers in-depth.

While most people consider music a form of enjoyment and entertainment, it improves patients’ well-being effectively (Lin & Yang 2013, p. 42). The brain’s interpretation of music induces bodily biochemical reactions that activate pleasure-seeking areas in the brain, which food, sex, and drugs stimulate. While earlier research indicates that music improves immune functions (Lin & Yang 2013, p. 42), this paper goes in-depth into investigating music and its physiological and psychological relationship.

Before, researchers held that psychology had a unidirectional effect on psychology. Yet, this study shows that oxytocin production increases when one listens to music (Gangrade 2011 p. 42). This study also affirms that although music therapy protocols vary by increasing or decreasing adrenaline, they also vary among administrators.

To clinical practitioners, learning about changes in messengers when patients listen to music is promising in illuminating therapeutic changes. This article’s value is significant to fields with real biological implications relating closely to future clinical spheres. To researchers, messengers such as neurotransmitters and cytokines offer a better approach for comparing music studies. These messengers are a direct link between interpreting music and other physiological functions.

To medical research and development teams, Gangrade (2011 p. 43) and Stegemann (2013 p. 202) call for further research to develop better pharmacological drugs that handle problems with decreased side effects and opens up avenues for newer treatments. Last, to policymakers and nursing practitioners, the effect of specific music types on various biochemical messengers lays solid ground for understanding music’s function in physiological mechanisms.

While this study affirms that music is applicable in developing improved medical care given its promising effects on messenger production, researchers have to consider other issues. Most researchers have failed to include diverse music varieties as study variables, but rather focus on specific music types. Studies have also failed to include other music types with elements such as ethnic diversities and various melodies for their participants. This study affirms that the impact of music on messenger functions needs further research, given that music exposure reveals messenger functions through production trends, though not causative in any means.

References

Altenmuller, E., and Schlaug, G 2013, “Neurobiological Aspects of Neurologic Music Therapy.” Music and Medicine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 210-216.

Gangrade, 2011, “The Effect of Music on the Production of Neurotransmitters, Hormones, Cytokines, and Peptides: A Review.” Music and Medicine vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 40-43.

Lin, L., and Yang R 2013, “Using Music to Treat Epilepsy in Children: A Review.” Music and Medicine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 242-247.

Stegemann, T 2013, “Neurobiological Aspects of Music Therapy.” Music and Medicine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 202-20.

Despite the existing behaviors and emotions, music remains one of the major elements penetrating each aspect of human life. According to Martin and Jacobus (2019), its power is in the possibility of provoking in people “involuntary reactions, pleasant or unpleasant” (p. 224). Someone might call me old-fashioned, but I cannot resist my passion for listening to such music genres as jazz, classical music, and symphony orchestra. I grew up in the 70s, when the popularity of jazz, fusion, and soul music was inevitable. The works of Miles Davis, Boney James, and Peter White affected my growth and understanding of the world. I am lucky to carry the power of jazz and classic through my childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, believing that no words in music create better possibilities for listeners to focus, create, and deal with emotions.

Addressing my best memories about childhood, I admire the stories with classical music backgrounds my parents shared and the cartoons I watched on TV. In fact, I did not pay much attention to the style of music, its subject matter, and its content. I remember the feeling of safety and calm that I usually come back to when listening to classical music. Now, the reading by Martin and Jacobus (2019) helps me understand that music “may not evoke feelings… but also reveal the structure of those feelings,” meaning hearing and listening to the music (p. 233). Although such compositions as “Symphony # 8” or “Piano Sonata # 4” by Beethoven and “Goldberg Variations” or “Toccata and Fugue” by Bach were not regular, they have a significant mark on my childhood. At that moment, I was not a listener but a hearer who gathered associations and developed some feelings.

Several years after, during my adolescence, I was able to recognize the motives, make preferences about the nature of music, and choose musicians who fit my style. In the 1970s, jazz became a popular American music style, characterized by a powerful rhythm and certain beats in the blues scale (Martin & Jacobus, 2019). I was impressed by the works of Miles Davies, namely “Bitches Brew” and “Pharaoh’s Dance.” This artist reflected the mystic idea of jazz that was “wrapped in an enigma” and attracted the audience by its “inescapable unknowingness” (Early & Monson, 2019). Instead of rebelling against the present, I could absorb the rhyme and tone and organize my emotions and feelings as per my needs. When little or no words are present in music, it helps the listener focus on personal stories, not those dictated by singers. That is why jazz was my major music preference that easily adapted to my mood.

There are many reasons for listening to music, and one of my goals is to experience comfort and satisfaction. Thinking about the best songs in my adulthood, Enya and her “Only Time” is one of the first songs that come to my mind. Although most people consider her style pop music, I cannot ignore the evident elements of classical and folk music. Her light musical background helps me deal with certain periods of my life: exciting memories about graduation and marriage. At the same time, I know that music is my salvation in a world where losses and challenges are unpredictable but inevitable. The death of my parents was one of the most terrible moments in my life. Not to lose the connection in time and place, I addressed Yanni and his “Prelude and Nostalgia” composition. This style evokes the sentiments and helps accept the reality through letting thorough off in the sky and experiencing comfort.

Finally, it is hard to imagine my life without music as a vital source of inspiration and happiness. When I listen to Boney James’s “Dedication” or Peter White’s “Perfect Moment,” I find additional powers to accept the external threats and get motivated to do something new and necessary. In 2008, the recession of the financial market put under threat my career, savings, and home value. I knew that music was not enough to solve those problems, but those compositions were effective for finding the balance between life and work and creating an environment where happiness, sadness, and relaxation could co-exist. I learned the truth discussed by Martin and Jacobus (2019) about the congruency of music with human feelings. This art form does not answer but reveals the “profound richness of the emotional resources” (Martin & Jacobus, 2019, p. 230). It is impossible to be ready for all changes and obstacles in this life, but music is a permanent source of happiness and inspiration.

I am fascinated by the chance to live this life with all its opportunities and losses and use music as one of the motivational means that helps me a lot. My preference for jazz and classical music should not be treated as a sign of old fashion but as a possibility to find uniqueness in simple and sometimes forgotten things. Many questions need answers, and I rely on my childhood and adolescent experiences to remember how inspirational my music without words can be. People are free to choose their zones of comfort and sources of happiness, and my decision to listen to music has its benefits. This art is always available, fascinating, and instructive, and I want to share this free but priceless gift with my family every day.

References

Early, G., & Monson, I. (2019). Why jazz still matters. Daedalus, 148(2), 5-12. Web.

Martin, F. D., & Jacobus, L. A. (2019). Humanities through arts (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

I have avoided using personalized suggestions on services like Spotify for a long time. My experience with one of the early services called Pandora created an impression that no algorithm can decipher what I actually want to hear at any given moment. However, I was extremely impressed by the suggestions given to me by the Spotify service. I am specifically talking about the daily and weekly mixes that are based on the music selected by the user.

The modern music industry is extremely diverse, and in theory, almost any kind of music may be found, but it is often hard to describe the kind of music a person likes. I was searching for bands similar to the shoegaze group “Forth Wanderers” that only has two albums but also a very specific sound that is hard to describe (“Forth Wanderers”). Surprisingly, Spotify was able to suggest more than one band that shared the qualities that I enjoyed in those songs. There would be no other way for me to find those bands and I am glad Spotify did the job. It is unfortunate that they play such a low amount to the artists because I would support the service more (Sears).

It is possible that categories based on the mood or energy of the song can provide better suggestions than those based on genres. Two bands of one genre can have a completely different appeal from each other, and the mood of the songs may differ too. However, I have rarely had luck finding music I truly enjoy when listening to such playlists. I found that they are most effective as background music rather than active listening. Therefore they have a purpose, but I do not think they should replace standard genres.

Suggestions provided by music services have improved tremendously in recent years. With their help, I was able to find a lot of new music. However, mood-based playlists have proven to be less effective.

Works Cited

“Forth Wanderers.” Bandcamp, 2017. Web.

Sears, Glen. “How Much Does The Average Artist Earn Per Play On Spotify?.” Forbes, 2016. Web.

Introduction

Television’s ability to present a video, audio and motion is proving to be one of the most common and modern powerful means of delivering information to larger audience or mass audience today (Ofcom, 2008). Davis (2007) describes it as a “Trojan Horse that surprises many audiences”. On the other hand, some people would consider it a time waster means of getting information with lots of fun, but little concentration for commercials (Davis, 2007, p.883).

However, the two perceptions do contradict the emerging trends in TV commercial marketing, especially with the musical backgrounds or the use of music programs. Television can be used to increase market penetration, especially if the program associated with such a product becomes popular. According to Ofcom (2008), music on television can be used to attract direction, gather attention, and reach big masses for marketing purposes among other commercial intentions. No wonder the industry revenue in the UK has been increasing on yearly basis, with 2008 seeing growth of 1.3% to hit £11.2bn (Ofcom, 2008). Despite such growth, the total net revenue from advertising was down by 3%, ostensibly as a result of global recession (Ofcom, 2008).

Again, the music genres are seen as part of the promotional programs, giving room for many companies to choose on what they would prefer in line with the type of audience. The changing nature of the music industry has presented a new challenge to the new program producers: breaking into the limelight and drawing a good number of audiences to attract many companies yearning for such arenas. The popular pop and rock culture seem to work best for advertisers who want to reach a larger audience. This is largely because pop is arguably the biggest crowd puller in the UK.

Rationale

The marketing and advertising industry has been revolutionized in many ways as evidenced by the emergence of internet. These changes have been observed as internet has presented a lot of avenues for modern and mercurial advertising. The challenge to the mainstream media like television therefore is in the ability of the producers and program designers to come up with cutting-edge advertising methods that include appropriate and attractive programs to draw the attention of the target audience hugely. The question to be asked is whether the music advertising programs benefit the audience.

Statement of research question

Popular musical culture presents a theoretical link that determines not only the ability to produce and consume but also the unending possibility for successful marketing and advertising. In reality, there is an upsurge of reality television shows, with the new ability to draw more audiences like never before hence the probability of more success in the industry.

Aim and objectives

This project aims to establish a new music program, predominantly with pop music in a reality television show to push the advertising agenda forward.

The following are the objectives of the research:

• To learn how to formulate and implement advertising and marketing plans for the successful marketing and promotion of the band
• To identify the specific steps that can be used to run a reality television show and boost advertising revenues.

Theoretical Framework

Live with Music will be a reality TV show that exposes the pop music to the audience. The program will carry on with both established record labels as well as independent labels. In the recent past, independent labels have made a name for drawing huge crowds in their live performances, giving a proof that they have a huge influence in the society just like established record labels. For example, Arctic Monkeys (Domino) is ruling the billboard chart with their Favourite Worst Nightmare album (Salmon, 2007). Other independent labels such as Block Party (Wichita), Kaiser Chiefs (B unique), Maximo Park have also experienced immeasurable success in the music industry with their diehard fans (Salmon, 2007). Celebrities are known to reflect both sides of the society, the moral ambassadors and the negative image of the society (Eliashberg, Hui & Zhang, 2007).

They are known to influence the way the general society behaves as many of them would emulate as a whole or in part what their celebrity heroes do, both in private and public. Did you know that we normally take celebrities to have more worth than ourselves? We would rather take a designer clothe done by a celebrity than the one by an unknown designer. In this case, quality is pushed aside to pave way for prestige of associating with a renowned celebrity/ designer.

In this perspective, it is important to note the increased use of television viewing as a result of increased application of creative programs such as those in reality TV shows. Furthermore, the music industry has presented a new form of challenge as well as befits to the advertising industry. A combination of creative pieces in the ad productions and alluring programs like music is what a successful music program is made of. The critical decisions to be made are subject to careful analysis of the budgeting criteria.

It will be of much importance if the new music program leads us to a structured process of drawing and implementing appropriate advertising plan for our clients who would want nothing less than above average considering the competitive nature of the advertising industry and competing programs. It is my passion in music combined with the intellectual knowledge of contemporary management issues related to popular culture and music that will be used to establish a popular advertising avenue. To achieve the noble task of building a stronger brand of Live with Music, it is my wish and belief that the proposal proceeds to help me realize my dream- to see Live with Music hold an important position in the television programs with continuous culture of success and prosperity.

Brief Literature Review

In most cases, entertainment TV programs have put in place room for the analysis of the contents of the music they play, to ensure that it goes in line with their culture (Chatman, 1978). Chatman (1978) says that the content analysis will determine whether the show will attract many audiences or become a flop. Davis (2007) says that analysis of content is a recognized qualitative technique, which historians have applied in their analysis as well as study of literature recorded including films and television programs.

With the increased use of technology, music can be obtained from all quarters, thereby increasing the possibility that some viewers would be having a lot of knowledge on the music being analyzed that they would need more and more details of the record and artists they love or like. It is possible to argue that no sector has been transformed in the last decade like music, thanks to the digital technology.

Traditionally, Independent record labels are not getting much publicity as compared to their established counterparts. These new bands’ efforts to rush to present their new demo tracks to the recording companies with high hope of making a kill out of their creative works is considered to be as a result of the culture of quick success that some musicians or record companies have got (Davis, 2007). Despite all these efforts, the successes have not matched the high expectations, hence proving counterproductive as many artists do not manage to contain the hype that was characteristics of their first release (Salmon, 2007).

Historically and as expected, these disappointments created the many independent labels, which have tried to penetrate the market with their music records with no attachments to the mainstream recording companies. This need for publicity by the artists, especially the upcoming ones is the idea behind the proposed show that is needed to boost their marketability as well as increase the demand for advertising opportunities.

Methodology

The show hosts would be involved in the analysis of the music and the musicians, their lives, both professional and personal lives as compared to their levels of success. In other words, it would examine and analyze the professionalism of the artists, their day to day activities and their hidden personal lives that the public would be interested to know as the rumors have been known to drive the music industry and celebrity lives.

Other than playing the pop and rock music, Live with Music would also host artists, both independent and established at different sessions to interview them, giving the viewers opportunity to ask questions and comments on their music and lives. In other words, it would be an opportunity for interactive show merged into the music session plus thorough analysis. Additionally, the show would be engaging other people, especially the fans who would be chosen randomly, after some random selection and interviews before the show.

The show would run as follows: daily, the show would feature a minimum of two celebrity singers, an upcoming artist vs. an established artist. The first 15 minutes of the show, their daily life would be featured through the cameras so that the viewers would be in a position to glance at their daily routine, from the moment they are awake to the go to bed. It would be interesting to reveal how people whose lives are assumed to be unique and odd live ordinary lives like we do, probably the difference would be how they run their daily lives between home and production studios, and handle the public perception as they meet people outside duty or performance.

The host of the show would be Tom Brumpton, freelance public relations professional, a journalist and a seasoned Radio Show Host whose experience would be critical handling the task. Currently, as a co-host of Extreme To Serene Radio, Tom is has a lot of experience in the behind the scene (radio) talk show that would be critical in this program (Linketh.com, 2009). Because Tom is also a specialist in entertainment, business, media and marketing, the general idea of the show is to make room for new edge of advertising opportunities.

The Show Schedule and the Target Audience

Live with Music would be made to take care of the need of the both adults and teenagers at the same time. That is, it would be the viewing needs of both adult and teenagers, who normally embrace music as part of their culture. In this case, it is an entertainment, informative as well as educative program that is designed to catch the attention of wide range of viewers. The proposed show will run for one and a half hours during the weekends, from 9.00 to 10.30 pm. This is to ensure that only teenagers and adults get the opportunity to watch and participate in the show, while children would be presumably asleep to prevent them from encountering any offensive actions and behaviors.

In this program, the intention is to have TV station that is known to have hosted some of the entertainment reality shows that had drawn huge audiences. Thus the choice of 4music, with its wide screen television network capability. After being launched in 2008, the first popular show to be hosted was the Davina and Steve’s 20 Big Ones (Linketh.com, 2009). It was followed by another popular show in the Big Brother Live. These shows drew huge number of viewers and fans, subsequently attracting a huge number of advertising companies.

According to Linketh.com (2009), the possibility of defining the future of television advertising business is dependent on the popularity of the program and the cultural orientation of the audience. How the popular culture can determine the success of a television show, and more specifically a music show with artists hosted in the analysis. Popular cultures influence what is to be produced and consumed (Chatman, 1978). The performance indicator is the ability to present an integrated approach to advertising, albeit without compromising the entertainment aspect of the show (Eliashberg, Hui & Zhang, 2007).

The Show Personnel

• The Show Host: He/she is charge of the show as a whole. In this case, the host will take the responsibility of inviting the artists of choice, organising the schedule for their appearances and ensuring that the overall show runs smoothly. In summary, the show host is more of the overall manager both behind the scene and in front of the cameras.
• Backline Technician: responsible for all of the instrumentation, equipment and the stage set. Work very closely with host to make sure that all the technical areas are in perfect working condition and must help if equipment fails during a show.
• Production Manager: arrange and administer the technical requirements and staff for a show. Also plays the role of coordinating the activities of both the station staff and the visiting artists, hence must have an overview of the entire production.

Evaluation and Control

To ensure viewers get value for their time, a review of the program will be carried out on regular basis, making the viewers part of the review and evaluation process. Increasing the participation will be paramount as it will be the attraction for more advertising companies. This will be evaluated by following the number of people who purchase the albums reviewed, hence resulting with a tentative outcome with the popularity of the show. This will also help us analyze the strength of the fan base. At the same time, the number of callers will be recorded and a form of survey will be conducted by our team to ensure the new callers are noted for our evaluation purposes. From this show, we expect the number participants to increase exponentially.

Reference List

Chatman, S. (1978) Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. New York, Cornell University Press.

Davis, M.B. (2007) Doing a Successful Research Project. Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillian.

Eliashberg, J., Hui, S.K & Zhang J (2007) From Storyline to Box Office: A New Approach for Green-Lighting Movie Scripts. Management Science, 53 (6), 881-894.

Linketh. (2009) Tom Brumpton summery and career highlights. Web.

Salmon, R. (2007) Starting your own record Label: Marketing your music in a digital world. Web.

Ofcom, 2008. The communication market: Key market development in television. Web.

According to Hirshberg’s views concerning commercialism of music, change in perception towards the channel through which music gets to the people has significantly affected bands in music composition.

In the earlier decades, incorporation of music into advertising campaigns was seen as a violation of the music industry, but currently artists realized that if they are to grow in their career; they need to emphasis on getting the songs into the right commercial channel, rather than focusing on popularizing their recording contracts by themselves.

As a result, artists have moved out to search for potential ways in which their career can get to their customers in a clearer, faster and precise way.

Successfully, they have practiced their popularization through music in advertising, by incorporating their music techniques into products ads creating not only the awareness of these products to the people, but also their existence and their expertise to people. This has bridged the gap that has always existed between the artists and the perception of commercialism.

Artists have therefore been enable to move from the strive in marketing their bands, to a position where their band are in for pursuit by other people. This has greatly been facilitated by several factors including: first, the inclusion of songs by in their campaigns, for example campaign ads of brands such as Gap, Mitsubishi, Volkswagen and among others, have included songs, which led to the licensing of music in advertisements and also set the ground for career launching move.

This brought out to light the existence of unknown bands with a shift from common or borrowed interest paradigm to newness of discoveries.

Secondly, the move from old channels which connected artists and the people, where the DJs played only established hits, making people to chose song not by albums but instead by individual songs enabled discovery of new hits, as well as giving the music industry new revenue streams together with new ways of launching their new acts. The third factor is the Hip-hop culture. The culture has integrated its rules to suit the corporate America.

This has enabled the culture in pop music to be different from the idealistic punks of decades past, who had disdain and distrust for corporate America and the money. Instead, the culture’s aim is getting paid, which makes it to buying in its customer, rather than selling out its operations.

As a result, writing songs for ad campaigns with “chorus lyrics” from ad’s agency has made the present music industry performance interesting. As these songs goes into a TV commercial, people get overwhelmed by the song and seek out the band involved in the production and all the songs they have written.

This benefits both parties, as the people get their new favorite band, and the band get new audience who otherwise might never have known its existence. This therefore brings a link between the music industry and the corporate America since the corporate America wants people, and the people want music.

However, according to Hisberg, these trends of popularizing music band are quite applicable. However, popular music does not just entails its magnitude of selling; rather, it is the music that hold the voice of the people. A music that speak to the people concerning their day to day related issues. The music that pass message to the people, but not popular because it is plastered across the airwaves by the ad agencies. Contrary to the

Hirshberg’s argument, the main aim of song towards their buyers is violated. This is so because at the end, music fans everywhere lose. They are exposed to songs that are not about their lives but instead about the stuffs other companies want to sell to the people. Contrary, popular music which are the necessity of music fans, used to mean more than this and view them as being violated.

Contrary to Hirshberg’s argument that people are interested in the way music are channeled to the people, and that, when people identify their expertise, they will always go out looking for the band and its products, the writer of the letter to the Editor feels that selling the music is not the important element; rather, production of popular music is all what people in America need.

Unlike the incorporation of music in ads which popularizes the artist as per Hirshberg, the writer sees this as an exploitation of music fan who are forced to know the company’s products in the songs they buy, rather than having their matters addressed in these songs.

However, I tend to agree with Hirshberg’s take concerning the recent trends because of their balance aspect to the artist, the music fan as well as to the production agencies, for instance the Napster, iTunes, Clear Channel and other bodies that deals with linking artists and band with the people has achieved nothing more than retaining and empowering the same old artists and their hits in the market while the rise of new ones are trampled on the ground never to be known.

This has been contributed by the media’s biased selection of their favorite artists’ hits without recognizing the immergence of new and modern ones. However, the forward-thinking brands have made it a revelation to many these emerging bands, which by involving them in their ad campaigns makes them popular and their existence known by the (avoid using ‘the’ unnecessarily) people a factor that has not only improved their music market but also boosted their recording contract.

It is in these campaigns where they get noticed, their potential get evaluated and their entry to the world of music industry is determined. In the exclusion of ad factor, many artists could have given up realizing their talents due to impermeability into the market.

Moreover, the expectation of people on the popular music has not been completely discarded from the songs; rather they have been integrated and incorporated with other financial aspects. For instance, according to Hirshberg, majority of the artists do include the agencies ads in the song as a “chorus lyrics”. This show that, the songs still speak to the people though in a more integrated way.

As the song speak to the people in one side, it creates awareness of important requirement in their lives, by introducing to them various item that touches their daily living.

This ensures that people benefit from both the psychological implication of the song as well as physical. Therefore, as the song has its way on people’s an emotion; their physical world is inclusively considered by introduction of alternatives of their daily appliances.

People’s love for music has significantly contributed to the nation’s economy, given that rarely people give time to written, animated and posted advertisements, and a lot of ads go unnoticed where these modes are employed. However, almost everyone will pay attention to song and the message contained in them.

Therefore, using songs in advertising maximize people’s awareness on the economic factors, hence contributing to the improvement of economy of the involved country, for instance use of songs in ads has significant impact in American economy. As people buy the upcoming albums, they took with them organization’s and industrial information concerning their products.

As they watch the song they look forward to identifying themselves with the artists, something that motivates them to purchase the accompanied products in the album. As a result, this benefits the three involved parties, an aspect that in reality is a development to any nation (Hirshberg, 20).

Works Cited

Hirshberg, Eric. “Commentary: Music in Advertising: Once selling out, now buying in.” Billboard, Sept. 30, 2006: 15-20. Print.