Category: Modern Society

Infrastructure is essential in modern society. It is a building by block for almost all systems used in contemporary society. Foundation in modern society helps in maintaining the health of the community, providing safety, and supporting the current economy.

Public health infrastructure promotes the health of the people and the provision of guidelines to prevent diseases and injuries. Local health and government depend on this infrastructure to monitor population health and respond to community issues(Wilder-Smith et al.,2017).Protecting the health of the entire modern society requires the systematic collection of data to monitor a healthy society’s needs and identify delay causes of health issues. Public infrastructure requires a trained network of the higher profession for developing and implementing evidence-based health policies and programs. Also, health professional responds to health issues, for instance, chronicle diseases, and they prepare to return to the emergency of a health threat: natural disasters and the outbreak of diseases such as Ebola emergency health threats.

Transportation is also an infrastructure that relied on modern society. Canzlen & Knie (2016),assert that transportation infrastructure provides a close relation to the style of life and location of goods and services for consumption. Advance in transport technology has changed the way of living and how society is organization .it has contributed to a significant influence on civilization development. Transportation infrastructure is responsible for the development of civilization, and it meets the travel requirement of society and transportation requirements of products and services. Transport infrastructures extend the range of sources of supply of goods to be used in a geographical area; thus, society gets resources at a fair price and high quality. Efficient system infrastructure increases products available for consumption.

Besides, sewage infrastructure is very vital in modern society. Sewage network is part of underground features of foundations. Sewage infrastructure has a significant influence on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of modern society. Sustainable sewage is what the community relies on. Sewage is designed to ensure that it serves the function to fullest through the life span. Sewage infrastructure focuses on the environmental sustainability of modern society( Demir & Koc,2018). It provides the establishments that benefit the community by sustainable practice, for instance, the use of appropriate material that minimizes the effect of environmental pollution. Social infrastructure improves the lives of modern society. Sewage infrastructure is attained by supporting the decision making of sewage projects to be used by society.

Financial infrastructure is key to future prosperity in modern society, and Business investment and developing infrastructures improve people’s lives, giving them a useful life. Accornding to Toseef (2018)),funding gaps and technical issues in many banks inhibit infrastructure investment. Countries need to create synergies by expanding international cooperation. Commercial, financial infrastructure plays a role by making use of crosser border services. The financial institution provides credit funds and financial solutions for infrastructure investment; thus, social life is improved. Also, financial institution leads in cooperation with the aim of innovation, collaboration, and improving communication. The economic mechanism is fundamental in resolving funding issues in infrastructure development. Assistance is needed among financial institutions. Thus information and resources exchanged and also earning, and risk can be well shared.

Water critical infrastructure is essential for modern society. Water infrastructure is needed to run and operate society’s lives. Demand for water resources is increasing due to demographic pressure of population growth across the world. The increase in the living standard of society results in high water consumption(Faust et al .,2016).The dependency on water supply by modern society has contributed to issues with water managers. The water distribution system has grown to solve these issues with consideration to society in all geographical areas. However, the dependent technology value chain has sustained growth and extension to support water industries.

Reference

1. Canzler, W., & Knie, A. (2016). Mobility in the age of digital modernity: why the private car is losing its significance, intermodal transport is winning and why digitalisation is the key. Applied Mobilities, 1(1), 56-67.
2. Demir, S., & Koc, S. (2018). ENERGY EFFICIENT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PROPOSALS IN TRABZON CITY CENTER. FEB-FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN, 8180.
3. Faust, K. M., Abraham, D. M., & McElmurry, S. P. (2016). Water and wastewater infrastructure management in shrinking cities. Public Works Management & Policy, 21(2), 128-156.
4. Toseef, A. (2018). Socio-economic Metabolism of Canada: A case study of Biomass and Energy flows from 1990-2011 (Master’s thesis, University of Waterloo).
5. Wilder-Smith, A., Gubler, D. J., Weaver, S. C., Monath, T. P., Heymann, D. L., & Scott, T. W. (2017). Epidemic arboviral diseases: priorities for research and public health. The Lancet infectious diseases, 17(3), e101-e106.

Introduction

In today’s modern society across the map of the United States of America, racial profiling is a major issue used by police officers generalizing humans based on their race, ethnicity, national origin, and religion instead of their individual behavior. This is used as the basic discretion that someone is being suspicious and causes unlawful stops, searches, interrogations, identity checks and other tactics that can even result in being fatal. Police officers racially profile someone when they view them, meaning the way they look, who they are and simply where they are. The tactics these police officers use to make society a better one without crime is questionable, they are basing someone off of their appearances, this has come to be justifiable because of the authority they have been given even though it is clearly biased and harmful to those targeted as well as the impact they cause on the community. We see these types of patterns on a daily basis, and unfortunately, those targeted by racial profiling are singled out and are more prone to have police encounters that can be terrifying and demeaning.

Some politicians could argue that police officers are just using discretion, they have reasonable doubt, which is proof required to validate a criminal conviction, but is reasonable doubt enough to racially profile someone, because of the way they look? To convict someone of a crime based on their appearance and because they fit the description is not enough proof to validate any type of conviction, however, because of reasonable doubt, officers do not have the right to arrest anyone but they do have the right to detain someone. Now that they have detained this individual person, this is where the harassment comes to be, like a type of hidden agenda.

You will be asked relevant and irrelevant information, relevant information such as, what is your name? When is your birthday? Where do you live? how old are you? and etc, however in the course of doing this, the officer will ask you irrelevant questions such as why are you here? Do you know anyone? Are you supposed to be here? and etc. All this comes to play little by little and the media outlets have been doing a great job to show this. As a criminology major and being part of a minority group, I stand convinced that racial profiling is a big issue in the criminal justice system because I have seen lots of videos, read articles and have discussed in class on these specific topics. It is horrifying, thinking that because of my skin color and the way I look, that I could someday face this myself with a police officer who not only feels like he or she has the need to humiliate me but also take my life because of any type of movement I have made, it is a sad truth. As much as most of us would like to believe that not all cops are like this, most cops just ruin the reputation for the good cops, I have had encounters, where I’ve had to deal with officers and they, were genuinely very nice and did care about my safety and stood to serve their purpose, but I have also seen officers, who take their authority for granted and use excessive force and racially profile and dehumanize these individuals because of their appearances. Individuals who are falsely accused of crimes that they have not committed and also treated very unfairly because of the officer’s fear of his or her own life.

Background Information

Ranjana Natarajan who is a clinical professor and director of the Civil Rights Clinic at The University of Texas School of Law stated that “Profiling undermines public safety and strains police-community trust. When law enforcement officers target residents based on race, religion or national origin rather than behavior, crime-fighting is less effective and community distrust of police grows.” Natarajan who is a director of civil rights seems to clearly show how

Many people are affected by this on a daily basis. You don’t necessarily need to have an encounter with an officer to know that you are being racial profiled when your community already knows and has a great fear of going through that same situation, the people being hurt by this issue are innocent people whose lives are at stake because a lot of officers feel the need to reach for their guns instead of using other alternatives that I am sure they were taught in training such as using their baton and their taser, but even then when they use their weapons, they are too excessive, as well as with their bare arms, in the heat of passion, officers act out very unprofessionally and the media and news has portrayed that quite efficiently. For example, the Case of Mr.Okobi an African American Male who was encountered by five police officers was killed when two deputies fired their tasers resulting in a total of four charges between them, in California, a taser is not defined as lethal force, which is correct, but, John Burris, a Lawyer for Mr.Okobis family questioned why they used force on Mr.Okobi when clearly he was not committing any type of crime. According to the article, “Black Man’s Fatal Encounter With Police Strikes Close to Home in Silicon Valley” by John Eligon, stated that Mr.Okobi was shouting, “What did I do,’” Mr. Burris said. “He ultimately gets away from that. He’s running. He looks like he’s running for his life.” Another case involving Katie McCrary, a black woman who was shown in a footage being beaten by a white officer who “pulled out his baton and ‘repeatedly struck Ms. McCrary across her legs, her arms, her back and once in the head, according to Boston,” in the article “Georgia officer charged with beating woman with his baton” by Minyvonee Burke. Lastly, another case involving Jacob Angelo Servin, who was beaten in a California jail while deputies yelled racist comments to him, Servin stated in the following

Instagram post with gruesome photos, “They left me to die with my face disfigured a broken nose, lacerations in my face and head.’ All these cases are recent and it involves people of color, these cases just give us an insight of what happens on a daily basis and that these behaviors do exist, this is a big factor that needs to be taken care of, and it only occurs because these people are being racially profiled instead of seeking the right form to control the situation, the main job of an officer is to enforce the law and control a situation, not to make it worse and harm an innocent civilian, this comes to show how social inequality is connected to this social issue because of the differential treatment between police and judicial systems among others.

Theoretical Background

Many sociological theories have showed us what causes racial profiling and how society plays a role in it. Some theories have made it clear how human interactions operate a state of conflict. On television, media outlets, and even on certain occasions, we see all the racial profiling people go through on the daily basis, people of color being charged with crimes they didn’t commit, people of color dying on a daily basis over things that could have been handled diffrently, and also the mistreatment they go through. These types of incidents portrayed adverts that these are common incidents and they have unfortunately become normal for the society, and it gets out of control fairly easy.

In Karl Marx’s conflict theory, he focuses on the inequalities of different groups in a society. This means society is viewed as a warfare ground in which will continue to cause conflict and generate social change. Since racial profiling is common in minorities done by police officers, a conflict will arise between these two roles that are played in society. This begins when officers view someone based on their appearance, instead of their actions in society. Some politicians have portrayed minorities to be the worst part of society, that people of color are to be feared, or that they don’t belong in certain areas, this makes people of color to be easily targeted on a daily basis and undergo racial profiling, and it also shows how class structures and inequalities challenge the way the criminal justice system is set up, instead officers enforcing the law the right way, they take advantage of their authority by strippping all rights of the person being targeted.

In symbolic interactionism, George Herbert Mead believed that the development of an individual was a social process as were the meanings individuals assigned things. Herbert Bloomer who continued Mead’s work broke it down into three tenets, the first being that we act based on the meaning we gave something, this means that officers view minorities or people of color based on their appearance and their skin type, so they will continue to be an easy target for racial profiling and harras them. The second tenet is that we give meanings based on our social interactions, this means that minorities will constantly live in a state of fear because the police officers are quite content with doing their job and enforcing the law harshly on them, so unfortunately they will continue to be racially profiled. The third tenet is that the meaning we give something is not permanent, let’s say for example, you being a minority decide to go into an upper class neighborhood and not listen to the misconceptions about cops, you are faced with a police officer into your ten minute walk, and you know you didn’t do anything wrong but the officer decides to detane you anyway, because of your encounter with that police offcer and the racial profiling, next time you will be more careful and pay attention in what neighborhood you are in, because there could possibly be no next time.

Both theories focus on the interaction between individuals and classes, the overall structure is based on perception. However, Conflict theory does show the tension between both groups and the force of social change, while symbolic interactionism is a micro-level theory on how meanings, orientations, and assumptions form motivations behind why officers racially profile minorities and why they do their actions such as excessive force, or irrelevant questions being asked while doing unlawful searches and interrogations.

Solutions

There seems to be no solution for racial profiling because it is an idealogy that a race or ethnicity commited an offense, however, if officers woul look past the skin color and the appearance of the person, this would help limit the amount of racial profiling that goes around the society. Police officers should really focus on those communities that have people of different races and skin types, I feel like if they were open minded and genuinely observed how these people are, there would be less of unlaw stop and frisks, searches and interrogations, they would be able to see for themselves, that not just because a person looks like this, that another person alike that first person will do what they did. They should know that just because a person is a black, does not mean they are automatically a criminal, or that a brown person is automatically illegal, or that even a white person can’t commit a crime, just because your skin a certain color does not mean anything, yes the girl next to me could look like me, but we come from different ethical backgrounds, for example just because I grew up in impoverished community and had less does not mean I am not smart enough to do what she did and vise versa. Police officers need to change their attitudes towards these people and treat them how they would like to be treated, because if not, my people will continue to lose their lives, and these officers will walk away with paid leave, and there will be no peace within the community and tensions will become worse.

Conclusion

There is no reason for their to be racial profiling in the criminal justice system in general. Not only does it affect one but it affects all, we all pay taxes, and we feed these unlawful searches, stops and interrogations, we also have a constitution that officers must abide to and most of them don’t, if they continue to harass and do these things, all it will do is make them feared and unwanted and many more lives may be lost as well. Racial profiling should be taken very seriously and their should be some form of punishment for the officers commiting it, this will help decrease the fear of being a target, and will educate the officers in not doing it. Now the big question stands, “Will officers abide by the rules and genuinely look past skin color, or will they continue to enforce the law illegally and take more lives at the risk of their own?”

The Old Testament has many stories in it, and every single one of them has significance, even now. We learn forgiveness, loyalty and using talents, plus many, many more from the stories it tells. They most definitely have significance and this is why.

Forgiveness is shown many times in the Old testament. Forgiveness is very important in life. If people mess up, they ask for forgiveness, and most times people receive it back. But when people ask someone that that got forgiveness for forgiveness, they must give it back to others. Forgiveness is given and taken, just like many other things. In the story of Joseph, his brothers do not forgive him for what he has done, and they sold him. Later on, when Joseph is the Vizier of Egypt, he saw his brothers again, and when he did, he treated them like strangers, and he sold them grain to save their lives. (Genesis 42). This tells us that no matter what people do against you, forgive them, maybe they want to change their ways. Your forgiveness can even save people’s lives, and that is one way the old testament shows its significance now.

Loyalty is a very important skill to have in modern day life, but it was also very important back then. If someone was disloyal back then, that person can get killed by the person they are disloyal to. For example, in Genesis 42, Joseph displeased his master, and was thrown into prison. This shows us to be loyal to everyone, it can cost us a lot if we anger or hurt others with our actions. This teaches us to being disloyal also tells others a lot about our personality, and they probably won’t respect someone disloyal.

Everyone has talents, and we can all use them in good ways. But some choose to use their talents in bad ways, like bragging and boasting to others that are not as good them in the area of talent they are good at. The old testament shows this in the again in the story of Joseph. Joseph knows how to interpret dreams, and at the start of the story, he tells his brothers that he rules over them in his dream, and that they are bowing down to him. This made his brothers mad, and hate him, which led them to sell him to Egypt as slaves. But when he was there, he learns how to use his talents properly, and he interpreted the famine that was going to hit Egypt for a long time, saving millions of people. This teaches us to use talents for the benefit of everyone, not to brag about them and use them for bad things. This is also another way that the old testament has significance in modern day life.

The old testament is very important, and it had significance back then and still has significance now, and the reasons are clear. Its because it teaches things like forgiveness, loyalty and how to use talents. That’s why The Old Testament stories have significance in modern life.

Modernity is a term used to explain the historic period known as the modern age. In human history, this period involved innovations in scientific thought, increased individualism, and rapid industrialization as opposed to relying on supernatural and metaphysical beliefs. There is no official consensus on the precise moment when modernity commenced. Most history accounts from Western Europe suggest that the modern age arrived in the 18th century as most colonial invasions ceased. For this analysis, three revolutions will undergo scrutiny to unearth whether they were influential in the shift towards the modern age and their role in enacting social change and inequality.

The three are the scientific, political, and industrial-capitalist revolutions. It is a hard task to determine which one of these specific instances was more significant in shaping the modern age and creating social change, although the industrialist-capitalist revolution most likely had a more significant effect on social formations in modernity. Undoubtedly, the class concept is vital in facilitating the industrial revolution’s period of modernity and certainly a reason for economic equality, but other factors such as biological and cultural identity played a role (Van Krieken, 2017). As the types of work and activities within society became diverse, the theory of anomie and division by French sociologist Emile Durkheim underpinned the key social observations of the time. Durkheim expressed that despite significant differences between social groups, for the first time, a bond manifested through interdependence and reliance on specialization within chosen occupations instead of belief systems or value systems (Van Krieken, 2017).

The industrial-capitalist revolution resulted from multiple interconnected developments that helped transform Western society from an agricultural system to an industrial system. Large sections of the population shifted from the rural areas to take up occupations offered within the growing number of factories (Kerbo 2017). However, the system was very skewed, leading to a few securing hefty profits while the majority toiled for long hours only to receive paltry wages. Modernity largely features a loss of certainty that leads to a historical age and societal movements that help to facilitate the emergence of new processes of thought and consciousness. The distinctive features of modernity emerge within society through a process of modernization and the resultant abandonment of previous modes of productions, thought processes, belief, and moral systems to embrace modern ones (Kerbo 2017). Within this context, modernity tends to emerge through technological and economic changes that portray alterations to a social structure through related changes in cultural values and political systems that indicate technological progress. Economic production is fundamental to all forms of human activity, meaning that any resultant changes in production techniques constitute fundamental alterations to other spheres of social life (Elger 2017). Consequently, modernity emerges through a process of shifting production technology that instigates an economic shift from the pre-industrial to an industrial society.

The whole process commences with innovations that lead to labor savings in a production technology that results in increased productivity in a specific sphere of human activity (Delanty 2015). The process first occurred within the agricultural sector, thus freeing people to take up work in industrial production leading to a new age of modernity. The emergence of modernity relies on a set of distinctive features that differentiate the modern age from previous forms of society. Some of these features are an expansion of human resources, diversified occupations, collective political involvement, and organizational differentiation (Delanty 2015). The expansion of human resources occurs because humans exercise greater control in technology, which improves their productivity leading to improved living standards (Delanty 2015).

Technological advancement adds new economic activities, thereby diversifying the scope of human activities that facilitates specialization, division of labor, and increased social complexity (Delanty 2015). The increasing complexity of social structures helps to establish diverse economic, social, cultural, and political frameworks (Delanty 2015). Within this context, state activities increase tremendously, meaning that the government can have a direct influence over each individual’s life through their policies and decisions. The only way for state activities to become legitimate is through seeking mass approval, which eventually necessitates mass suffrage and other concepts of public participation (Delanty 2015). However, the most fundamental aspect that differentiates the modern age from earlier forms of society is a transition from religious values of spirituality to secular values of rationality. According to Durkheim, the division of labor was mutually beneficial for the entire society because it helps to optimize the productivity of a process and the skills possessed by individuals within a society (Elger 2017).

Such stratification of labor extends beyond economic terms and greatly facilitates the process of establishing order within a society, thus orienting it on a path towards attaining positive social change. The division of labor manifests in a society with high population density and efficient communication networks, thereby necessitating the division of tasks and specialization (Strauss 2018). Within this context, tasks become increasingly complex and achieving a means of survival requires a strenuous effort. The changes experienced in the division of labor has significant consequences for social structure. Through his theory on this topic, Durkheim resolved the paradox that regardless of how much individuals strive for autonomy, maintaining social ties was unavoidable (Tiryakian 2016). The structure within modern society thereby forces interaction and maintenance of social relationships between individuals. Two types of solidarity are important in determining an individual’s relationship to the immediate society: mechanical and organic solidarity (Herzog 2018). Mechanical solidarity organizes society collectively, such that there is a convergence of beliefs and tasks in the form of collective consciousness (Strauss 2018).

Durkheim used the term mechanical because the people function together similarly to a simple machine. This form of solidarity established a union on generalists who bond among people because of their engagement in similar activities and responsibilities (Elger 2017). Conversely, organic solidarity suggests that society is complex and comprises multiple divergent functions that rely on concrete relationships. Every individual performs a distinct that closely resembles his or her personality (Herzog 2018). The inherent differences between individuals create a bond amongst them by their execution of different tasks and responsibilities (Kerbo 2017). Nevertheless, organic societies feature a form of collective consciousness, although their weakness supports the expression of individual disparities. Durkheim suggested that the changeover from mechanical to organic solidarity occurred because of dynamic density. Dynamic density is a concept that analyses population with society and the extent of interaction that emerges among them. Areas that feature a high degree of population concentration experience increased competition for the scarce resources available (Tiryakian 2016). Moreover, the interaction between these people produces an intense struggle for survival. Societal change emerges as a group of people attempt to counteract dynamic density and its associated problems, thereby leading to differentiation and a change in social organization (Tiryakian 2016). Labour division allows people to avoid conflict by complementing each other’s efforts. The division of labor facilitates an environment of great efficiency, thus resulting in a proliferation of resources and an amicable competition for these resources (Elger 2017). Societies that feature organic solidarity have reduced competition, increased differentiation, more cooperation, and support because all people rely on a common resource base.

Modernity emerges in a society that features organic solidarity as it advances and becomes more civilized, while mechanical solidarity is synonymous with primitive societies of high resemblance with similar beliefs and morals. Simple societies feature people sharing a common economic activity, like farming, thus sharing common experiences and values. Modern societies feature different jobs for individuals, which facilitates specialization because experiences are no longer common within a society (Kerbo 2017). Durkheim postulates that modern society does not emerge from similar people performing similar tasks; rather, labor division becomes an invisible force that draws people together, thus fostering a greater degree of interdependence (Strauss 2018). A primitive family is relatively self-sustaining because the father performs the role of a hunter while the mother takes the responsibility of food gathering. Conversely, a modern family relies on the services offered by a teacher, chef, police officer, grocer, and butcher because they facilitate the process of living in modern society (Herzog 2018). The bond established within modern society specialization and interdependence on the goods and services provided by other members of the society. Social changes rely on accompanying law reform to conform to the newfound reality.

Durkheim’s sociological theory argues that repressive law dominates within a society that has mechanical solidarity. This law permeates such a society because of the inherent similarities among the individuals that result in common morality. In this context, an offense against the common virtue system constitutes a matter of utmost significance to the entire society (Alvesalo-Kuusi and Tombs 2015). Offending the common moral system likely results in very severe punishment. Conversely, as society embraces modernity through organic solidarity, the dominant configuration of regulation is restitutive law, which necessitates restitution from offenders for crimes committed. Such communities perceive offenses for their impact on an individual or faction of the society rather than against the common moral system (Herzog 2018). People do not have emotional responses to breaches of the law in the manner experienced within a society dominated by mechanical solidarity. In this context, punishments for offenses are not as severe because offenders need to compensate the direct victims of their crimes (Alvesalo-Kuusi and Tombs 2015). Durkheim’s argument suggests that moral systems do not disappear within modern society; instead, they change to conform to the newfound solidarity and interdependence. The industrial-capitalist revolution was vital in facilitating the social changes that paved the way for the new age of modernity.

As post-modernist society grapples with the looming challenge of climate change and growing unemployment, the relevance of sociological research becomes increasingly important. Durkheim’s sociological theory examines the role of labor division in enacting the social changes that led to the modern age. The theory regarding the division of labor is instrumental in understanding the underlying forces that supported the emergence of the industrial-capitalist revolution. Through organic solidarity, people become increasingly reliant on another as occupations became specialized. The division of labor led to greater efficiency and productivity in production activities, thereby leading to increased resources for the entire society. The industrial-capitalist revolution was thus the most significant revolution that led to the social changes that underpinned the new age of modernity.

As an introductory overview to our exploration of American society, it is important to remember that society is a broad and complex concept intricately woven from countless individual threads. The United States of America, renowned for its vast diversity and unique blend of cultures, offers a compelling canvas for this discussion. Society in the USA is like a dynamic, multilayered tapestry. Each thread represents a unique culture, belief, or value, and together they form a complex and vibrant image of American life.

Understanding American society necessitates an understanding of its historical underpinnings and socio-cultural evolution. From the indigenous tribes that originally inhabited the land, through waves of immigration that added fresh threads of diversity, to the influential ideologies that arose from significant events such as the Civil Rights Movement, every chapter of American history has had an indelible impact on its community.

Furthermore, societal values and norms are not static; they evolve in response to political, economic, and technological changes. As we move further into the 21st century, society in the USA continues to adapt and morph, grappling with global challenges and navigating the wave of digital revolution. We will examine and evaluate various aspects of American society within this dynamic and transformative context.

Essay on Society: Its Importance for our Life

Exploring the subject of society, particularly the society of the United States carries significant importance for several reasons. Society is an indispensable aspect of human life, shaping how we think, behave, and interact. Understanding its composition and characteristics helps us appreciate the variety of human experiences, providing a foundation for empathy and understanding. Writing an essay on this topic affords us the opportunity to delve deeper into these aspects, promoting awareness and comprehension of the societal norms that guide our lives.

In the context of the USA, its society’s influence extends well beyond its geographical borders. As a global superpower, American society’s values, norms, and beliefs permeate the world through cultural and political influence. The movies we watch, the music we listen to, and even the policies shaping global affairs often carry distinct American imprints. Analyzing this society grants us valuable insight into the forces shaping our globalized world.

Moreover, understanding society is crucial in sparking conversations about prevalent social issues. It can be an effective tool for analyzing and addressing critical matters, such as inequality, racism, or climate change, that are deeply ingrained within the social fabric. Thus, an essay on this topic can catalyze social change, stimulating discourse and encouraging societal introspection.

Finally, understanding society serves as a compass for the future. It provides a lens to predict potential public shifts and to prepare ourselves for the changes these shifts may bring. Therefore, an essay examining society is a study of our present and past and a roadmap to our future.

Concept of Society

Society is a comprehensive term, embodying a broad spectrum of human interactions, shared beliefs, and common values. Society refers to a group of individuals bound together by persistent relations, shared cultural norms, and a sense of community. It extends beyond mere cohabitation, capturing the shared experiences, collective endeavors, and mutual responsibilities that define human life.

These groups, known as societies, can be of various sizes and types, from small tribes and communities to nations and even the entire human race. Each community is unique, characterized by its distinct norms, beliefs, customs, and structures, often shaped by historical, geographical, and sociopolitical contexts.

Societies are not static; they are living, breathing entities that grow and evolve over time. Many factors, including economic development, technological advancements, political changes, and cultural exchanges, influence this evolution. For instance, the rise of the digital age has transformed societies globally, influencing how we communicate, work, and perceive the world around us.

Within the context of the USA, the concept of society encompasses the myriad cultural, ethnic, and social groups that comprise the nation. It mirrors the country’s rich history and diversity, its sociopolitical dynamics, and its people’s shared values and aspirations.

Ultimately, a complex web of relationships, norms, and structures shapes our collective identity and experiences. The glue binds us together, facilitating cooperation, cultural expression, and the construction of a shared narrative.

Importance of Society

The community holds immense importance in human life as it functions as the foundational structure that organizes individuals into cooperative, interactive groups. It serves as the bedrock on which civilizations are built and plays a pivotal role in human development, progress, and survival.

Firstly, society provides structure and order. It outlines norms, laws, and rules that guide human behavior, ensuring harmonious coexistence. While often implicit, these norms regulate our interactions and provide a sense of predictability and stability.

Secondly, society is crucial for socialization. Within the societal framework, individuals learn the skills, knowledge, values, and behaviors needed to function effectively in their respective communities. From language to cultural practices, societal learning shapes our identities and understanding of the world.

Thirdly, humanity fosters cooperation and collective action. It brings people together to work towards common goals, facilitating advancements in various fields such as science, technology, education, and healthcare. Without societal cooperation, such progress would be virtually impossible.

Additionally, the public provides a platform for cultural expression and preservation. It enables the manifestation, sharing, and preservation of cultural practices, beliefs, and traditions, contributing to cultural diversity and continuity.

Lastly, the community plays a significant role in addressing social issues. By fostering dialog and debates, societies can highlight and address pressing concerns like inequality, poverty, discrimination, and environmental degradation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the society of the United States serves as a microcosm of the complex and dynamic nature of human social structures. Woven from a rich tapestry of cultures, beliefs, and values, American people reflect the country’s historical journey, diversity, and ongoing evolution. As we have discussed, understanding society is paramount, offering insights into our shared human experience, global influences, social issues, and potential future shifts.

Society is not just an academic concept but an integral part of our daily lives. The unseen force guides our interactions, shapes our perceptions, and influences our decisions. It is the conduit for our collective action, shared learning, and cultural preservation. Understanding its role, dynamics, and significance is essential to navigating our interconnected world, fostering empathy, and driving social change.

In studying society, we discuss who we are, where we come from, and where we might be heading. Through this dialog, we continue to learn, grow, and shape our shared destiny.

“Rivers, ponds, lakes, and streams – they all have different names, but they all contain water. Just as religions do – they all contain truths” (Muhammad Ali). Religion is a strong foundation of beliefs and worships that many people practice globally. Through religion, many people are drawn closer by sharing a common idea, which is very diverse in several regions. However, through such diversity in religion, conflicts arrive through disputed sacred lands. Religious conflicts bring rise to high amounts of hostility, conflicts between neighboring lands such as Palestine and Israel, and methods of bringing an end to these conflicts.

Religious conflict is when acts of violence or discrimination are used that tend to lead to war. Today religious conflict has been led by government officials or even rival religions, that lead to an increase of hostility. “Social hostility such as attacks on minority faiths or pressure to conform to certain norms was strong in one-third of the 198 countries and territories surveyed in 2012, especially in the Middle East and North Africa. Religious-related terrorism and sectarian violence occurred in one-fifth of those countries in that year” (The Telegraph, ‘Religious Conflict in Global Rise – Report’). Because of the pressure out on minority faiths, religious terrorism increased causing hostile environments for many especially in the Middle East and North Africa. According to the article ‘Religious Violence Is on the Rise. What Can Faith-Based Communities Do About It?’, from 1979-2015 non-religious conflicts have decreased but religious conflicts have increased on a linear scale. With an increasing scale of conflict religious violence affects many religious groups. “A 2018 Minority Rights Group report indicates that mass killings and other atrocities are increasing in countries both affected and not affected by war alike” (Robert Muggah, ‘Religious Violence Is on the Rise. What Can Faith-Based Communities Do About It?’). Religious groups that are attacked increase mortality rates and heinous crimes affected those experiencing persecution and others who witness the first-hand accounts of the victims of religious conflict.

One primary example of religious conflict in between countries is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Some of the reasons why these nations argue are due to several factors that cause the nations to dispute: ethnic, national, historical, and religious. According to the Washington Institute, as far back as 1948 “some Jewish extremist groups justified their contribution to the conflict as part of a divinely promised return to the holy land of Israel, ever since the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, Iran has been the fiercest in opposing Israel. Its radical regime calls openly for the destruction of Israel and asserts the necessity of this quest from a theological standpoint”. Regardless of the diversity between the Jews and Arabs, with extremist groups leading campaigns opposing the other country, only mass destruction will be the determining result of these conflicts. Religious extremists in the Arab and Islamic world and in Israel, whether violent or not, have used deliberately the ideological and functional linkages to connect to wider bases in their respective countries.

In order to progress forward as a society, resolutions have to be made in order to put an end to these conflicts. Three things you should take into consideration to make a difference: 1) we have a need for a basic understanding of life, 2) we have a need for a sense of meaning and purpose, and 3) we have a need to feel connected to something greater than ourselves. As universal themes globally only applying them will create unity, with peace treaties many countries and groups could bring an end to this global conflict. Only the public can form alliances to put an end to the pain and suffering many are going through, by empathizing we would make amends and end the modern-day religious conflict. Unless we practice what we preach, no true peace could occur.

In conclusion, conflict not only creates chaos, but increases hostility globally with an increase in crime/terrorist rates. Religious conflicts allow several religions and people of a different faith to be persecuted. Even though many religions teach about tolerance and love, without the practical applications of loving others as you love yourself, conflict won’t be resolved.

Citations

1. Corissajoy. “Religion and Conflict”. Beyond Intractability, 29 June 2016, http://beyondintractability.org/essay/religion_and_conflict%20
2. Moder. “Can We Resolve Religious Conflicts?”, http://immichaels.info/articles/unifying-science-and-religion/14-articles/105-can-we-resolve-religious-conflicts
3. Mostafa, Mohamed Galal. “Religion and the Israel-Palestinian Conflict: Cause, Consequence, and Cure”. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, http://washingtoninstitute.org/fikraforum/view/religion-and-the-israel-palestinian-conflict-cause-consequence-and-cure
4. Muggah, Robert, et al. “Religious Violence Is on the Rise. What Can Faith-Based Communities Do about It?”. World Economic Forum, http://weforum.org/agenda/2019/02/how-should-faith-communities-halt-the-rise-in-religious-violence/
5. “Religious Hostilities Reach Six-Year High”. Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project, 26 Feb. 2015, http://pewforum.org/2014/01/14/religious-hostilities-reach-six-year-high/
6. Reuters. “Religious Conflict in Global Rise – Report”. The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, 14 Jan. 2014, http://telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/10572342/Religious-conflict-in-global-rise-report.html

The term “Society” is a collective group of people who share a common purpose in social institution, social group conduct and its geographical space. The pattern of society is limitless, and it is an abstract rather than a concrete structure. My understanding of society is that not all society consist of a pragmatic foundation. It creates conflict because of the differences in ideas and opinions made by a group of people that may benefit them but harm others. Social change is constantly ongoing that is almost always disputable. The drawbacks in these movements are hardly ever alluded because of its overwhelmingly positive results in progress.

Population, division of labor, and technology are some of the causes that influences the social patterns. Technological growth is one of the key factors because technology advancement is needed for efficiency and economic growth. Population plays a role in technology growth because it is believed that the higher the population the higher chance there is to reach a new technology level. Division of labor allows for maximization in manufacturing, by breaking down the process into a few steps allows employees to specialize to what is best suited to the task. Therefore, the division of labor is coherent in terms of being efficient and reduces the cost of producing goods and services.

The transition from traditional society to modern society and then to post modern society mainly comes from modernity and progress. In a traditional society, it touches heavily on hierarchical power, tradition that has been practised from generation to generation and the simple economy before technology was introduced. The modern society on the other hand, created money as a medium for exchange, the development of new division of labor and the creation of middle-class citizens where they start up their own business to demolish the idea of feudalism. Postmodern society focuses on the damages and awareness that has not been addressed during the modernization period because of its immeasurable success and its technology advancement that maximizes efficiency.

The economic structure and demography in a traditional society is that it runs with a low social division of labor and a low demographic density. Being dependent on natural environment is using all resources that are related to your harvest. There was no market, peasants and serfs regardless consumer or producer didn’t exist they give everything to the higher. The division of labor is not recognized in a traditional society as technology is not advance, most labor is done by a single laborer that specializes in the production. The population density is low because of the inaccessibility and insufficiency of resources resulting in a lack of support. Limited job opportunities therefore many are forced to move to a different location.

In a traditional society, there are clear levels of power and importance that rule the economy. The highest hierarchical level is the king, he is considered as a supreme authority and the incarnation of God’s will. The king also owned all the land in its territory and created the laws. Second in the hierarchical ranking are the dukes and marquises, third are the lords and knights followed by the merchants and farmers. Lastly the peasants and serfs who are non-privileged citizens that worked the lands for the nobles and knights who in return offers them protection. Social status equals to what land you have what food you eat and how much food you get if you are noble your have a superior status, so you get better food produced by serfs and peasants

The society shares the same beliefs and language as they revolve around the monolithic culture that are not open to new ideas and remain secretive among themselves. History plays a key role because it provides information and data on the behavior of the society back in the past. That experience is used to create a rationalized concept for the better of the economy.

In a modern society, money was introduced as a medium of exchange and became an essential key to purchase goods and services and give value to resources, material and labor. The complex economic system allows demand and supply to dictate the value of goods and services and it provides a trade with substantial range of assets. In production, high social division of labor is highly recognised as workers has been assigned to accomplish different tasks based on their specialization.

Feudalism was dominant in the traditional society where the kings and lords run the economy and the non privilege must earn money to pay and stay in the social hierarchy. This has led to the creation of middle class, where businesses were created on their own to demolish the idea of feudalism. Opinions and solutions are now accepted in a social democratic economy so, this allows the society to have a say in government actions. Social democracy supports the competitive economy with money while also helping people who earn less.

Max Weber argued that the transition from traditional to a modern society is from the introduction of Calvinism by John Calvin. The idea of Calvinism was to develop capitalism and modernism to motivate the laborers to work hard in order to obtain the opportunity to receive salvation. Scientism was also introduced in the modern society where people believed that science should be heavily focused and studied because it acts as a reliable source of knowledge is development and growth.

In a postmodern society, the social and economic idea expanded, and free market trade was introduced. Neoliberalism was to prevent manipulation in businesses that would benefit them but harm others and to ensure social justice. Migration plays a role in economic growth because they contribute new skills that are able to boost the human capital development and also technology advancement that will increase the output produced using the same amount of resources.

We transition from modern to postmodern society and work becomes more precarious. It is uncertain that the employee is guaranteed the same job and they change jobs because of the sudden changes in job requirements and specialization. Postmodern family introduces flexibility in roles and rules where the boundaries that restricted marriages and belief have been removed. For example, remarrying, adoption and the sexual identity of an individual.

The society make their own rational choices based on their beliefs and eliminate the idea that they are obliged to follow the universal set of principles based on tradition. Culture is extensive in a postmodern society because it consists of multiple values and symbols that one may agree or disagree with. Therefore, the society is given the freedom to choose and follow their designated path to achieve their goals.

Modern society has taken many different ideas that have been developed by scientists which come from ancient civilisations in the middle ages. One of these ancient civilisations include Greece which had a gigantuous affect on modern society. Ancient Greece was well advanced for its time (800 BCE – 146 CE) Greece has contributed with advanced mathematics, complex science, groundbreaking medicine and warfare. Not all of these contributions have shaped the modern world for the greater good.

Greece was enormously advanced for its time period, solving very complex calculations to get what they needed absolutely perfect. After generations of study, modern society has borrowed heaps of mathematical theories and solutions from the ancient Greek civilisation, which, if hadn’t been borrowed, may have been the collapse of some areas of our modern society. A well-known Greek mathematical breakthrough is the Pythagoras theorem. This theorem is used in everyday math to figure out the shortest distance between two points if the two sides of a right angle triangle are known. This can prove to be very useful in finding the distance between the tops of two buildings or for air navigation, because there isn’t much traffic 11.5 kilometres (11,500 metres) in the air. So, the Pythagorean theorem can be used in many various ways by knowing two sides of a right angle triangle. In conclusion, the Greeks made a spectacular discovery for modern society to expand to become a helpful asset to some.

Ancient Greece also made a plentiful number of significant scientific discoveries. Also, a surprising number have made it to modern science. One of the most significant inventions was the lever which was made by Archimedes. A lever is typically one or two bars which are rested on a pivot, and when pressure is applied to one end, can lift something heavier one the other. There are three types of levers that are used in everyday life, class 1 levers (scissors), class 2 (bottle openers or wheel barrows) and class 3 levers (a shovel or tongs). By using all three types of levers we can achieve lifting weights with ease. Archimedes has made a very useful tool that doesn’t require too much effort (depending on the length of the bar).

Greece was one of the leading ancient civilisations from a medical point of view. They had advanced treatments which actually cured the patients. Hippocrates, known as the father of medicine, had a idea that studying the human body would enable practitioners to understand diseases better by learning what is now called human anatomy. Hippocrates and his fellow practitioners would study the diseased body and find the best cure. Knowing the human anatomy has proved that external factors can also cause disease. Figuring out what causes a certain disease will help to prevent it. So, if we keep on using Hippocrates’s way of studying the patient, we can prevent more diseases. Hippocrates has improved modern science a lot by inventing studying the body.

Warfare was a massive part of Greeks society. They made swords, spears, bows, shields and ballistas, the spear being the most important. The spear was used by Spartan soldiers and Hoplites, one of the most crucial soldiers in a Greek army. The spear consisted of iron head which did most of the damage, a wooden shaft and a bronze butt that was used incase the iron head at the top broke. Spears have been used for centuries and are still used today by countries that are less developed. Spears have been used in many wars which resulted in many more deaths. Some countries in Africa still have spears for hunting animals because they need the food to survive. The Greek spears are the reason of so many undeserved deaths and broken alliances. If the modern society continues to develop weapons such as the spear, more deaths would occur that don’t need to. Ancient Greece has influenced the modern society in only negative ways.

In conclusion, Greece was highly advanced for its time period, in the areas of mathematics, science and medicine, these fields have influenced the modern society in positive ways, supporting development. Although Greece has influenced the modern society in positive ways, its warfare has developed into a very negative thing and has shaped the modern world in a bad way.

Rapists are usually the very clear choice as to the person to blame in rape cases. If this is a common thing then why is it said that often times it is the girls fault. If she wasn’t at the party, if she didn’t drink so much, if her clothes weren’t so revealing and if she would have just been smarter than nothing would have happened to her. These are many time peoples responses when talking about rape cases along with “she was asking for it,” and “she was flirting the whole night.”

It has been somehow thought to be that raping is “okay” just because it’s somehow “natural” for a man to have the desire to rape someone. In no way is having a desire to rape natural for anyone, male or female. Rape culture has also made a habit out of “victim shaming” or “slut shaming” victims of rape, just because they wore “provocative” clothing at the time they were raped. But who determines what a woman wears as provocative and not provocative? Why is wearing a short skirt considered provocative while jeans and a hoodie isn’t? (BBC News) Rape culture has made it okay for society to look past rape victims and we leave those victims alone with the physical and mental damage they recieved from being raped. But somehow it is “their fault” they got raped. Rape is never a victim ‘s fault, the only person to blame for rape are the rapists. We need to put an end to rape culture if not, more and more people will deem rape as being okay.

Nowadays, there are pills slipped into drinks, skipping all of the brutality and allowing the attacker to walk away, but above all of the pills and physical violence, there lies another story that is more commonly heard of today: rape through blame and excuses. What this means is that, more often than not, women wake up from a night of alcohol consumption, drug abuse, or from a situation where they were not strong enough to say ‘No,’ and they cry rape (‘Blaming the Victim of Acquaintance Rape: Individual, Situational, and Sociocultural Factors’ 2019). It is because of the definition of ‘rape’ that women who are actually attacked are finding it harder and harder to present a case for themselves. Claims of rape and sexual assault are on the rise, and most of these cases are false claims. (Belknap, 2010).

Many of these mock rape cases occur when a woman is not strong enough to say ‘No’ and understand that her consumption of alcohol and drugs may impair her ability to act wisely. In these cases, the woman has not been raped. Of course, this does not give a man the right to take advantage of a woman when her judgment has been impaired, simply because it may not be defined as a rape case. However, the fact remains that a woman who puts herself in a vulnerable position should bear some of the responsibility for a sexual assault, both in preventing it and stopping it.

Rape occurs when one partner’s words and demands go unanswered by the other. When a woman says ‘No’ in a clear and strong voice, she means ‘No,’ there is no other way to define it. The sooner women learn how to use this word, the sooner they can save themselves and their male ‘attackers’ a great deal of grief. Along with this goes the understanding that women should not put themselves in a vulnerable position where they can be taken advantage of. If a woman impairs herself by drinking alcohol or using drugs, and then consents to be alone with a man in a dark room, what exactly does she expect?

Rape culture: “a culture in which sexual violence is considered the norm, in which people arent taught not to rape but they are taught not to be raped” (buzzfeed.com). In today’s society, rape has been occurring more and more. This is largely because rape culture is a “thing”. Today, we are teaching people to prevent themselves from getting raped instead of teaching them not to rape. Rape culture has made a habit of blaming rape victims rather than rapists, why is that? Why should victims of rape be held responsible for being raped? We shouldn’t have to adjust ourselves in order to not be “asking for it”. We also shouldn’t have the responsibility to prevent ourselves from being raped. Why should we have to make sure we don’t get raped while walking down the street? It’s because rape culture has made it okay for us to be held responsible for being raped. Rape culture is something we could all live without but too many people justify rape as being “okay”. It’s not.

It seems like today we are are teaching people to prevent themselves from getting raped instead of teaching people to not rape others. Take Miss Nevada Nia Sanchez for example, upon winning Miss USA she was asked about sexual assault on college campuses. She replied with suggesting that women should get training to learn how to defend themselves. This sparked a nationwide outrage shortly afterward. Half the people posting on social media sided with Sanchez while the other half completely targeted her and saw her as “wrong”. Half of Twitter commented that instead of women having the responsibility of protecting themselves from rape, men should just “not rape”. Meanwhile, the other half of Twitter responded saying that it isn’t wrong to be able to defend yourself. (Marcotte 2014). Yes, it shouldn’t be a woman’s responsibility to be able to fully defend herself in situations like that but also men should be taught how to not act in situations like that.

Sources

1. Gaitskill, Mary. 1998. ‘On Not Being a Victim: Sex, Rape, and the Trouble with Following Rules.’ In: Gilbert Muller (ed.). Here and Now : Current Readings for Writers. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., p. 167-180.
2. Broderick, Ryan. “What Is Rape Culture?” BuzzFeed News, BuzzFeed News, 31 July 2018, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/what-is-rape-culture.
3. “Victim Blaming: Is It a Woman’s Responsibility to Stay Safe?” BBC News, BBC, 10 Oct. 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-45809169.
4. Gravelin, Claire R. Biernat, Monica. Bucher, Caroline E. “Blaming the Victim of Acquaintance Rape: Individual, Situational, and Sociocultural Factors.” Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media S.A., 21 Jan. 2019, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6348335/.
5. Belknap, Joanne. “Rape: Too Hard to Report and Too Easy to Discredit Victims.” Violence Against Women, vol. 16, no. 12, 2010, pp. 1335–1344., doi:10.1177/1077801210387749.
6. Marcotte, Amanda. “Sorry, Miss USA. A Black Belt in Taekwondo Is Not the Solution to Campus Rape.” Slate Magazine, Slate, 9 June 2014, https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/06/miss-usa-on-campus-sexual-assault-nia-sanchez-a-black-belt-in-taekwondo-wants-women-to-defend-themselves.html.

ABSTRACT

In modern day America, racism is still the most pressing issue which is against humanity and is causing people to hate each other. The ratio of this hatred will only increase if a final solution is not followed. Even after the rapid industrial and economic growth of the United States of America people still have racist believes and they find themselves superior or inferior to each other based on their physical appearances. When we see a man in the first impression we try to analyze him by his physical appearance and not his intellect. Doing so can lead a lot of misunderstandings among people in knowing and trusting each other. The multicultural people are not comfortable with each other because they don’t understand the reasons behind every cultural act and belief. In order to get rid of this racism every human being must respect the culture and values of others and interact them as a human rather than being white or black.

INTRODUCTION

The United States of America has always been a multicultural and multiracial country but still the minorities there are considered to be inferior than the white Americans. Racism is the belief that humans of different races and cultures are superior or inferior to one another based on their color, personality, intellect or morality. Besides the fact that United States have come a long way after the days of slavery came to end, and now the government officials are making every move to abolish the racial beliefs among people and providing equal rights. Still, racism is a very crucial issue of US which is causing violence and destroying the peace of the country. The modern age is becoming more liberal everyday but still the modern racism exists and there are some unfortunate reasons of it. For example, when a child is born he is unaware of any kind of race but then this society instill the beliefs inside him and he starts thinking himself superior or inferior according to those believes. In America, the black people are considered to be of lower class as compared to white people as it has been observed that the white people are preferred over others. We all have heard about the central park five: where 5 innocent boys were accused of rape and attempt of murder just because they were black and the policemen and jury had negative perspectives about black people. When such incidents happen and the actual truth reveals, it leads to change most people’s minds about race and colors that there’s no such thing and everyone is equal. Still, the increase in modern day racism and injustice in USA, people from other countries and races are boycotting migrating to America which is eventually increasing hate in the world and is harmful for the peaceful development of America.

LITERATURE REVIEW

In the past few decades, United States of America has come a long way by means of industry, exports, economy and development in every field. After coming out from the days of slavery, the government proposed the equal rights for everyone free of race, color or breed. But still, racism is present as the most pressing issue of America where some people consider them superior to others just because of a specific color or breed. DeAngelo (2018) discusses the dynamics of racism in modern day America as well as the factors that make it difficult for those who identify as white to openly discuss racism. The author also posits that white people carry with them the benefits of white privilege and that even without realizing it, they may be engaging in racist acts. The author suggests that in order to resolve this issue the ‘white people’ should focus on their actions and should ask for feedbacks whenever dealing with people of diverse culture and community. It will help them evaluating their behavior towards others. In most of the cases, it has been observed that the white people are always in the intention to prove themselves on the right side by throwing these race discriminants. When every citizen pays the equal percentage of taxes and have all the rights to live freely, then who gave this authority to a few people that they can humiliate or oppress some people from another color or breed.

In his era, Jim Crow enforced and implemented the law that was to oppress people on basis of race and to restrict them. Considering the modern age situation, Moore (2017) argues that the Jim Crow laws have not been eliminated: they have simply been redesigned. These laws have been rebuilt in such a way that people won’t be able to doubt the governmental strategy and still be involved in racial acts without knowing. The author states that the United States criminal justice system is racist in the way it targets black people in the war against drugs. By so doing, the system relegates millions of people of color to the second class status even though it tries to present itself as a system that does not judge based on color. Hundreds of racism based incidents occur every day in America but no one is considering this issue as alarming as global warming or animal rights. The makers of legislation in USA must be broad minded enough to speak against racism and then enforcing laws of equal rights by keeping it politics free.

Considering all the injustice going on for black people in a society where white people are prior to them, the black people who belong to a different breed are now trying to act like whites in order to be loved and to valued. Franz Fanon (2008) in his book “Black skins, White masks”, demonstrates that the black people have started thinking themselves oppressed in a white dominated society. They are learning to live like white people and are adopting their culture and customs with the intention of being valued like them, but they are not the ones who they’re pretending to be. Their desire to become white has caused them to forget about their own morals and values, they try to create healthy relationships with white people after observing the unfortunate fact that the white people have more opportunities. He suggests that because of all these racism injustice, black people have accepted the self-denial. This is really depressing that people have accepted to change them completely regardless of their hundreds of years old history. This society is stealing the real identity of people just because of some awful myths that have been inculcated in the whole world’s minds.

America claims that it is a multiracial nation and provides equal rights to the people of each race. James Baldwin in his book “The fire next time” says that the black man has functioned in the white man’s star, an immovable pillar: and as he moves out of his place, heaven and earth are shaken to the core. He argues for equity among the races while asking that everyone acknowledges that America has always been and will always be a multiracial nation. These facts were presented a long time ago but still, when we compare them to our modern era’s problems we find them exactly fitted. The author frames his words in a manner that he is neither holding anyone’s hands nor attacking a faction. He’s not only concerned about the black people; he’s talking about every person in United States who belongs to some other race. The racist law makers have to realize what they are making of this country and their rules must follow their ideologies. In order to actually make America a multiracial nation with justice, every countryman has to respect the values and morals of other people despite of any race, color or breed.

The modern day racism is taking over the peace of not only America but of the whole world. People are becoming less tolerant towards others which is becoming the cause of increasing violence. A human being is born without any kind of concern about races and breeds, he should be kept that way as it is the society who feeds different perspectives in it. He starts looking the society with a narrow point of view in such way the possibilities of development and peace goes down. Hence, in order to make this world a better place to live people have to look at each other with an eye of respect and love.

CAUSE OF MODERN DAY RACISM

It is very depressing to observe that even after all the liberal development in modern age, some things are still provoking racism in the society. It is quite simple to understand that racism is inculcated in a person by this society that teaches him about the discriminations. The truth is that unless parents actively teach kids not to be racists, they will be,” said Jennifer Richeson, a Yale University social psychologist. Respect is taught at home, if your child is disrespectful to others it’s your fault. Not the society, nor his friends and neither the movies. It is in your control how you raise your child and how he treats the world because his actions will reflect his mind hi thoughts and his raising.

“Intelligence is not enough. Intelligence plus character, that is the goal of true education.” (Martin Luther King Jr.) When a child is fed with the theories of good and bad, black and white, wise and dull, he actually starts judging every human being he sees by his appearance. Not only the parents but media and the society is also responsible for the increasing ratio of racism.

ROLE OF MEDIA

In the modern age, media has a very vital role in influencing. People adopt the fashion the trend and the positive negative aspects from media. Advertisers are becoming increasingly sophisticated in their use of online and peer-to-peer advertising. Raising a family to target young children, while the amount of sexual content in mainstream media and advertising has increased in recent decades (Williams 2007, Buckingham et al 2010). Although everyone tries to act like they don’t care about the races or breeds but still after seeing a specific type of content on media they develop a perspective about the different breeds. Like black people are considered to be a mark of slavery when they’re not, Muslims are considered to be violent people while they’re not, Chinese are considered to be selfish while they’re not and many more examples can be elaborated here. All these perspectives are because we have seen such kind of stuff on media and that’s how media is feeding people’s minds with the believes of racism. While promoting a new film last week, Hollywood actor Liam Neeson, the star of the ‘Taken’ franchise, admitted that 40 years ago, he armed himself with a gun and to avenge the sexual assault of a friend. “I roamed the streets in search of a black man.” He insisted in a later interview that he is not racist. “There is an extensive body of psychology-oriented research which has studied whether exposure to violence in the media leads to an increase in violent behavior.” (Andison, 1977; Hewitt, 1992).

ELIMINATING MODERN DAY RACISM

The question arises that how can we overcome the racism believes of people and equal right laws can be implemented in America. First of all, with the responsibility of parents it is also the duty of schools and colleges to provide an equal system for everyone despite of their color. Many schools are successfully providing the education of creating awareness about equal rights but still some schools in modern America are provoking it. Then the laws should be same for every citizen no matter where they come from as long as they’re fulfilling the requirements of living in this country. “Our police force was not created to serve black Americans; it was created to police black Americans and serve white Americans.” (Ijeoma Oluo)

Derrick Clifton writes for Everyday Feminism: “For too long, whites have only heard about racism in the context of what not to do, but rarely, if ever, do white people hear about how they can be proactive about the issue. By taking the leadership of people of color in the broader conversation about eradicating racism, whites can take steady, even simple steps towards becoming allies in the fight against racial inequality, not merely bystanders — or worse, perpetrators.” So first the parents the schools and the laws are capable of eliminating racism and then the people who suffer it, if they’ll raise a voice against it at least a few will listen to them and will quote them forward.

CONCLUSION

After all the discussion it has been concluded that racism can lead to destroy the peace of America in the coming few years if it’s not abolished. It is causing severe harm to the society and is obviously against the laws of humanity and ethics. If it is not controlled yet, it can simply raise the hatred among the world, we need to increase our tolerance level for multicultural people instead of narrowing our point of view. For this purpose, every citizen of America no matter of what race or breed, they should consider it as a responsibility of creating awareness among the people about equal rights and take some action against racism. If a person can only engage one person about this issue he should not stay silent, later one everyone will be discussing to find a solution in their circle. Also the black people need to speak for their rights, they need a leader like Nelson Mandela who can represent them united. No one is superior to other, no one is inferior to other, we all are human beings and that is the biggest identity one can have.

REFERENCES

1. Andison, Hewitt (1997) Role of media in racist violence.
2. Williams Z (2007) The Commercialisation of Childhood, London: Compass. http://www.compassonline.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ thecommercialisationofchildhood.pdf
3. Derrick Clifton (2018) Communications Manager, ProPublica Illinois https://twitter.com/derrickclifton?lang=en