Category: Management

Abstract

With several research articles being produced annually, waste control has appeared as one of the key environmental difficulties of recent decades. Nevertheless, there is not much research on how bad garbage management procedures affect schools. This paper will explore how ineffective waste collection procedures affect public schools.

Introduction

Poor garbage disposal management techniques have been the subject of a growing discussion in research and policy circles since the beginning of the new century. As more people become aware of ecological issues like global warming, and air, water, and soil contamination, the control of garbage school systems is also becoming an emerging issue. In addition to harming natural resources, waste formed as a consequence of everyday human doings also can have detrimental effects on the environs and human well-being (Fuller et al., 2022). Due to the inappropriate handling of liquid or concrete toxic waste, schools have growing environmental issues. Public schools stakeholders are making significant initiatives to reduce waste; however, despite their best efforts, this issue persists.

Impacts of Poor Garbage Disposal

Disposal pits have been found in numerous ancient monuments, where it is thought that ancient people disposed of their trash. Over time, waste rules have been put into place (Liu, 2020). This implies that waste management is not a contemporary idea but an organic reaction to life. Humans generally understand how to dispose of their garbage, as shown by the pre-modern and contemporary waste management procedures that have been put in place. Waste creation, nonetheless, ballooned out of scale due to worldwide industrialization and demographic boom, causing environmental damage and posing a hazard to people and other creatures.

The absence of space is one of the chief causes of issues with waste disposal, which also has significant negative effects on the environment. Groundwater, underground aquifers, soil, and air contamination from toxic sludge substances lead to greater health issues for people, animals, and the environment (Salmenperä et al., 2021). Substantial emissions of greenhouse gases are also produced during the purification and disposal of waste, particularly methane, which substantially impacts climatic changes globally. Poor garbage collection can result in environmental, financial, and societal repercussions. Humans and animals who consume water that has been contaminated may also suffer consequences.

Poor garbage management techniques in public schools can have several effects. First, it may result in a rise in disease transmission or pose another concern to children, instructors, school administration, and others involved in school wellness. In addition to posing serious threats to public health, decayed organic debris can also serve as a breeding site for pathogens, as was already indicated (Chisholm et al., 2021). When people, animals, or clinical waste is present in the waste products, garbage collectors and pickers are particularly susceptible and could also become carriers, acquiring and spreading infections. Second, soil pollution brought on by improper waste management can spill hazardous substances and pathogens into an exposed dump site (Manzoor & Sharma, 2019). Other illnesses are also prevalent, mingling with runoff and endangering the water supply for the schools vicinity. Based on the drainage network and the surrounding soils, this discharge can pollute ground and surface water if the trash disposal site is not protected.

Third, improper waste management results in the emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants into the air. When biodegradable waste is dumped in school landfills, it goes through anaerobic decomposition and becomes a substantial methane origin. This gas traps the atmospheres heat 21 times more effectively than carbon dioxide (Alsarhan et al., 2021). In educational settings, trash is frequently cremated to reduce noise and reveal metals. Combustion emits dense smoke that is toxic to humans because it comprises nitrous oxides, carbon monoxide, and dirt. Fourth, improper waste handling can harm both persons and property. Landslides or flames can demolish schools and hurt or kill kids in areas where tenements or slums are close to exposed sites or landfills that are poorly constructed or run. The build-up of waste around schools can result in flooding, clogged drains, and injuries. Lastly, the smelly, unsightly looks of uncleaned solid waste stacks in schools can deter individuals from attending classes.

The school administration must establish containers for the various types of garbage and ensure that the appropriate bins are employed. Additionally, they must have dumpsters with distinct labels for biodegradable garbage, glass, papers, plastics, and containers. The school must refrain from disposing of waste in dumps since they endanger the environment by releasing toxins and chemicals into streams, the atmosphere, and foul odors (Education in New Zealand, 2021). The administration must inform staff members and students of the benefits of composting, reusing, or other alternative trash disposal methods. The administration should also ensure that recyclables are used properly and tidily before being disposed of. The success of recycling depends on students and staffs education. Several local authorities assist schools with recycling program development and employee and student education.

Enhancing garbage control at schools has many advantages including hygiene. Waste collection companies can assist school administration with efficient waste separation, recycling collected waste, and operational streamlining to reduce waste generation. The school will be cleaner due to less garbage accumulating onsite and an efficient waste management system, which is good for the personnel and learners health. Children can be put in danger by poorly kept waste stations and bins because spilled or abandoned trash could cause someone to stumble or fall. The school would be safe from these possible threats if it had routinely maintained and operated garbage disposal facilities. A more responsible generation can be created by teaching learners how to compost, keep environments clean, and limit waste volume. This is done by establishing an efficient waste collection program.

Conclusion

As a means of enhancing public health, families and municipal government should focus on enhancing the availability of restrooms, water, and garbage disposal sites. Studying solid waste management is crucial since, if practiced, it will significantly reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. Reducing the quantity of pollution that people are causing to the environment. A global effort must be made to regulate and manage garbage as the issue of waste build-up grows to alarming proportions. Many nations and people reside in urban areas; thus, everyone should try their best in their unique manner to control trash. The school administration must also put effort in ensuring proper waste management procedures.

Through recycling and transforming useable garbage into energy, garbage disposal could be addressed while preserving the room and making the most of resources. These procedures include incineration of refuse, landfilling, reusing, and energy recovery. Both human and industrial activity produces solid garbage. The trash can be gathered, moved to the dump, and handled appropriately there. As a result, the habitat may be properly maintained, which is quite important. Wastes produced by animal and human activity are of diverse types. These pollutants are often solid, and if not managed correctly and disposed of, they could pollute the water, air, and land.

References

Alsarhan, L. M., Alayyar, A. S., Alqahtani, N. B., & Khdary, N. H. (2021). circular carbon economy (CCE): A way to invest CO2 and protect the environment, a review. Sustainability, 13(21), 11625. Web.

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It has been acknowledged that climate change is one of the major challenges humanity faces, which has led to certain changes in peoples attitudes towards the issue. At present, individuals, institutions, and countries develop numerous approaches and strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of the human society on the environment. These efforts are referred to as geoengineering or climate engineering that is defined as direct, large-scale actions for altering temperature (Cusack et al. 280). Abatement is often regarded as the only possible action to undertake to address the problem, but other options exist. This paper deals with forest management as one of the most appropriate geoengineering strategies.

Forest management has been chosen as the method with the most far-reaching effects that can be instrumental in addressing various environmental and socioeconomic aspects. This approach involves the reduction of deforestation and the promotion of global forest growth (Cusack et al. 281). It has been estimated that this effort can sequester approximately 1.3 GT C yr^1 in biomass while deforestation contributes to >1 GT C yr^1 to the atmosphere (Cusack et al. 281). The strategy can help in managing biodiversity and returning to the outlook of the planet that existed before the Industrialization Age. Peoples fears regarding the negative impact of climate engineering on the global economy will be addressed as recent technology makes further development of farming, infrastructure construction, and other spheres of human activity possible without major deforestation.

Forest management, similar to any other geoengineering approach has certain strengths and weaknesses. One of its strengths is the comparatively high technical potential of this method (Cusack et al. 281). The control or almost complete termination of deforestation and reforestation are technically possible although some obstacles still exist. These challenges will mainly occur in developing countries that have limited resources and where peoples economic wellbeing depends on the use of natural resources. Farming, as well as the construction of infrastructure and dwellings, need space, but the development of technology is already providing solutions. Effective farming strategies, new materials, and new transportation methods and routes are leading to the reduction of deforestation.

The cost-effectiveness of the method is another advantage of forest management. Despite the fact that exact costs can be hard to identify, it has been estimated that forest management is one of the most cost-effective approaches as compared to abatement or ocean fertilization (Cusack et al. 283). Institutional aspects related to the implementation of policies aimed at forest management are associated with some positive and negative outcomes. The positive side of the institutional capacity of this approach is the relative easiness of its implementation at global and local levels. Countries and international institutions have already developed some incentives ensuring proper forest management.

Nevertheless, the negative aspect related to institutional capacity is the need for continuous control over the implementation of the introduced initiatives. Ecological risks (which are comparatively low) can be seen as a weakness rather than the strength of forest management. On the one hand, reforestation will lead to the improvement of biodiversity. On the other hand, it may lead to weather changes and extensive use of water in some regions. Cusack et al. also add that this type of geoengineering can contribute to warming due to the darkening of the surface in some areas (283). Therefore, these areas require further discussion in order to ensure the implementation of this approach.

In conclusion, forest management is one of the most cost-effective climate engineering strategies. Although it is associated with some challenges and risks, they are minimal and can be addressed effectively. Importantly people tend to accept this approach positively, which is important for its use in the future. Hence, it is necessary to concentrate on this type of geoengineering while still using other strategies as well.

Work Cited

Cusack, Daniela F., et al. An Interdisciplinary Assessment of Climate Engineering Strategies. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol. 12, no. 5, 2014, pp. 280-287.

In the modern world of global environmental crisis, it becomes clear that nothing may be done in the same way it was earlier. People, not long time ago focused mainly on the satisfaction of their consumer needs, pleasure and entertainment with disregard of nature, gradually come to an understanding that there is no other way to save the place of living for the future generations except being environmentally responsible. The principles of sustainable development spread far beyond the ecological realm, and every day is applied in a greater amount of spheres of human activity. Event management is not an exception.

Events become not only the means of providing entertainment, transmitting the information needed to the organizers and the audience but also an effective propagandistic tool of the establishment of the new environmental friendly philosophy in masses. Becoming the basis of an event strategy, the measures of environmental and resource work on the image of the company, provide event support from local administrations and increase event attractiveness for the customers.

The theoretical basis of sustainable event management as of a complex system of measures aimed at the promotion of environmentalism can be found in the concepts of energy efficiency, waste management, water management, green procurement and sustainable development (Smart events handbook 2010). Combined with the general principles of event management, the implementation of those concepts make for the reduction of a harmful impact of human activities and increase social awareness (Dickson & Arcodia 2010). In terms of business administration and management, sustainable events are considered a part of corporate social and environmental responsibility of the company (Nicolaides 2015).

Referring to energy efficiency, one may state that this is itself an extensive concept covering a broad range of issues of rational resource consumption. It implies using less energy to achieve the same level of energy supply of infrastructure elements and manufacturing processes (Smajgl & Larson 2012). According to the philosophy of energy efficiency, people should strive to establish an economically justified use of energy resources through constant technology development at the same time ensuring the compliance with the requirements of environmental protection (Goswami & Kreith 2007). Using less non-renewable energy, we reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere; saved energy can be used instead of the newly produced, and thereby reduce environmental pollution (Herring & Sorrell 2009).

Energy efficiency and the promotion of renewable energy sources become one of the fundamental aspects of community management; they are implemented in the development strategies of the organizations (Randolph 2004). Speaking about event management, the implementation of energy efficiency approach can be seen in using energy-saving or alternative energy equipment (for instance, solar or biodiesel generators) as well as in the promotion of respective energy-saving behaviour among the staff and participants of the event (for example, by spreading the reminds to switch the equipment off when it is not used) (Holmes et al. 2015).

Waste management is probably one of the most vital parts of sustainable event management, especially if to speak about music festivals. During such events various food, drinks and souvenirs are usually sold, which, apart from bringing extra profits, lead to huge amounts of the waste left on the festival territory, such as cans, bottles, paper, food remains, etc. (Grzinic & Vojnovic 2014). Waste management is generally understood as a set of measures for the collection, transportation, processing, recycling and disposal of waste, and monitoring of these processes. Waste, in this case, is the result of human activity, that leads to environmental pollution, degradation of air, water and soil quality and destruction of natural landscapes (Ak & Braida 2015).

The waste control system is aimed at reducing the harmful effects on the environment and human health. Moreover, waste can also be used to get substantial economic benefits, as it can be recycled (Walters 2014). Waste management at events lies not only in the elimination of consequences but also in preventing the uncontrolled spread of waste by establishing various measure, for example, using compostable cutlery, composting toilets and reuse of the excessive food (Laing & Frost 2010).

It is a well-known fact that water scarcity nowadays is one of the most urgent environmental problems. Over 1.2 billion people worldwide are deprived of drinking water resources, while around 2 billion people in developing countries lack facilities to get water from existing sources (El-Naggar 2015). It is often said that the future conflicts between the states will emerge because of competition for the remaining water resources. The protection of the existing water supplies from hazardous results of the human activity, development of the water cleaning systems become the highest priority (Nor Lela et al. 2013).

Water management during events includes the issues of serving drinking water as well as ensuring control over sewage water (Gallagher & Pike 2011). The first, if provided on a free basis, should be used reasonably and exclusively for drinking. In the case of the latter, all necessary steps should be done to keep the safety and normal functioning of the sewer system (Van Hulle et al. 2008).

Green procurement suggests that the supply chain management of the organization is based on the premise of environmental friendliness, transparency and community awareness (Walker & Jones 2012). The companies and event organizers accept the responsibility to take care not only of the profits maximization and reduction of operational costs but also to think about the prosperity of the environment and the future generations (Quinn 2006). Green procurement in the music festivals management can be reflected in minimizing waste, reuse of decorations, optimal use of biodegradable materials, elaborate choose of the local food supplier (Holmes et al. 2015).

The concept of sustainable development seems to include all abovementioned elements and to give rise to sustainable event management. Sustainable development, in general, aims to reach a balance between the satisfaction of the modern needs of humanity and the protection of the interests of future generations, including their need for a safe and healthy environment (Mair & Whitford 2013). It is a controlled development based on applying a systematic approach, modern technologies of modelling the possible future results to choose the optimal variant of actions.

Among the key principles of sustainable development are: the strong belief that mankind is able to think in a far-reaching strategic manner seeing no other ways of prosperity except sustainability; the orientation on renewable energy; the needs of the people should be reevaluated taking into account the needs of the planet (Lawton & Weaver 2010). Sustainable event management it the same manner meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future (Dickson & Arcodia 2010, p. 237). Its practical implementation in everyday life of the company is provided for in the corporate social responsibility strategies of the companies (Lawton & Weaver 2010).

Considering the environmental problems arising from the music festivals, Yuan notes that they can be divided into three main categories such as resource issues, pollution and waste and behavioural problems (2013). The concerns of the first category are related to the degradation of natural resources, including air, water, land, energy and living species. The extensive use of those resources leads to the destruction of natural habitats (Jasmina & Vojnovic 2014).

Environmental pollution occurs not only on the event itself but also, for example, during the transportation of the guests to the place. Enormous amounts of waste are produced during the festival, especially if the environmental culture of the audience is rather low. If the administration of the festival fails to provide a sufficient amount of waste facilities, the waste will be likely to spread through even bigger territories. As to the third category of problems, it should be noted that it is the hardest one to get rid of due to the human nature of any event. People will, in any case, produce the litter and use some vehicles to get to the place.

It is only possible to spread environmentally responsible attitudes among the population. Arcodia, Cohen, and Dickson (2012) suggest that there exist both positive and negative environmental impacts of the events. Among the positive ones, the name improved local infrastructure, construction of new facilities, and urban transformation or renewal (Arcodia, Cohen, & Dickson 2012, p. 213). The negative impact, not surprisingly, is more dramatic, especially when the event takes place in the natural environment not designed for the events in comparison with the stadiums, for instance. Apart from the abovementioned negative outcomes of the events, the other problems include traffic congestion, noise pollution, overcrowding and sewage problems (Arcodia, Cohen, & Dickson 2012).

The recent trends in the event management show that more and more festivals become environmentally friendly and responsible (Song et al. 2012), which is caused not only by increased awareness but also because environmentalism is becoming more and more economically effective (Getz 2009). Moreover, the audiences of music festivals are now more open and ready to receive knowledge of sustainability (Mair & Laing 2012). One of the examples of a green-aimed music festival is the British Summertime Hyde Park organized by Anschutz Entertainment Group. Every year starting from 2013, it gathers the most outstanding rock and pop music bands and singers in the heart of London (King 2013).

AEG has a clear sustainability policy, which suggests the companys obligation to comply with all environmental standards and requirements and the need to raise awareness about the environmentally responsible position (Sustainability policy 2013). The company has a resolute attitude towards the protection of Hyde Park nature: As well as ensuring Hyde Park is accessible to park users, protecting the parks flora and fauna, grass, land water courses and landscape is also a priority (Your responsible event, n.d., para. 8). AEG uses sustainable products such as local food and environmentally friendly materials, including recycled containers, wood, and reusable bottles. As to the waste management, the company provides separate containers for different litter types on the festival territory; the official website states that in 2015 AEG reached 37% recycling rate (Your responsible event, n.d.).

AEGs experience can serve as a successful example of a well-developed corporate social responsibility strategy. Apart from the abovementioned methods, the companies may also use some other practical tools to make their events green. They can, for instance, establish partnerships with renewable power providers, making them sponsors of the events (Laing & Frost 2010). The use of green-energy vehicles to solve the logistical issues during the event is also reasonable, but rather expensive. If the companys budget does not allow to do that, some operations during the festival can still be done with the help of bicycle (Robbins, Dickinson, & Calver 2007).

While planning a green festival, the company should remember that monitoring of sustainability measures should be conducted at each stage of the event, starting from concept preparation to post event activities (Okech 2011). Adema and Roehl suggest that the preparation stage is the decisive one; to give the event the direction, environmental scanning of the local area should be done (2010). The event itself is the most crucial stage, but without an elaborate sustainability strategy as well as without highlighting the greenness of the event in post-release materials the event will not be successful (Yuan 2013).

Thus, it can be seen that sustainable event management has no limits to perfection. In the present ecological situation, environmental responsibility is not a modern trend but a required condition and a sign of professionalism. For an event manager, it is important to consider all environmental aspects starting from pollution issues and energy saving to the creation of an environmentally friendly and responsible brand. The events can, therefore, be transformed from a solely entertainment sources into a means of the formation of environmentally responsible generation.

Reference List

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Dickson, C & Arcodia, C 2010, Promoting sustainable event practice: the role of professional associations, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 236-244.

El-Naggar, A 2015, A survey of the quality of water drawn from nine domestic wells in Al Qurayyat, Al-Jouf region, KSA International Journal of Research, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 2348-2361.

Gallagher, A & Pike, K 2011, Sustainable management for maritime events and festivals, Journal of Coastal Research, vol. 78, no. 61, pp. 158-165.

Getz, D 2009, Policy for sustainable and responsible festivals and events: institutionalization of a new paradigm, Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 61-78.

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Grzinic, J & Vojnovic, N 2014, Sustainable event tourism: case study of city of Pula, Croatia, UTMS Journal of Economics, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 5365.

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Introduction

Every course has learning goals, which are very vital in terms of guiding the expected outcomes upon completion of the course. In this case, it is crucial to ensure that both the trainer and the students can evaluate the level of the achievement of the expected outcomes to guide their future learning. For instance, in this course, the expected learning outcomes included:

1. Managing effective change
2. Recognizing change patterns within organizations
3. Identifying a change problem and the possible solutions
4. Examining and increasing awareness of the critical role of the leader in any change process
5. Creating a change management plan that includes all stages of change and the challenges of initiating and sustaining transformation
6. Identifying resistors and ways of dealing with them when implementing a change
7. Acquiring a larger repertoire of leadership behavior
8. Demonstrating knowledge of ethical considerations while leading organizational change

This paper provides a response to the above learning outcomes of the course and describes how they were achieved from a personal perspective.

Managing Effective Change

It is crucial to recognize that change at a personal and organizational level is an inevitable process. Most importantly, in the fast-changing world, a change allows organizations to adapt to the situational variations in the respective sectors of operation. A change not only paves a way for businesses to respond to customer demands but also sheds off retrogressive behaviors and activities, which do not add value to an organizations agenda (Hall & Hord, 2015). Managing effective change requires a consensus that a change is vital in advancing various organizational processes such as employee recognition mechanisms. Managing effective change also requires the involvement of all organizational stakeholders in their respective capacities to guarantee an organization-wide change. Lastly, it is crucial to ensure that any change is based on well-established transformation areas. In other words, an organization must be aware of the areas that need change. This appreciation leads to the establishment of approaches that will enable the achievement of change. I have achieved the above learning outcome since I have managed to gain knowledge on the importance of change and the key requirements for facilitating effective change.

Recognizing Change Patterns within Organizations

Implementing change is a complex process that features key patterns and indicators of an organizations performance. For an effective transformation process, an organization should recognize the change patterns to maximize on them by creating a good environment to adapt to the amendments (Hall & Hord, 2015). The most crucial aspect towards change is the recognition of the gradual nature of revolution. The forces of change come from different areas of an organization and hence the need to incorporate all drivers for the process of change to be considerate of all areas that need change (Rainey, 2009). Many patterns of change have been established. They include a widespread belief in the need for change from the organizational stakeholders, clear and sustained leadership, and support from the top management. Further, it is imperative for all concerned parties to participate in the problem diagnosis and change planning processes (Rainey, 2009). Lastly, the institutionalization of change is an essential process that can facilitate smooth change implementation in the organization.

In the achievement of the above learning outcomes, I have managed to comprehend that change is a process, which is highly dependent on the presence of the change patterns. For instance, I am now aware that the participation all stakeholders in the identification of the problems for change and the participation and the top management are essential patterns for change in any organization. Further, a mainstream consensus on the need for change is one of the key patterns that show that an organizations change process will be successful.

Identifying a Change Problem and the Possible Solutions

The process of change indicates the process of moving from one state to another. In an organizational setting, a change indicates the process of adopting new and improved processes while at the same time abandoning old processes, which do not give optimal results to an organizations activities (Doppelt, 2009). The process of change involves moving from a problematic status that puts the organization at a disadvantage. For effective change to occur, it is imperative to identify the problems that need the change to be effected. Such problems must be stated as clearly as possible in terms of the disadvantage that they bring to the organization.

For instance, if a given technology is failing and/or causing delays in delivering client requests, the change problem may state the number of hours or days of delay that customers face and the costs that emanate from such delays (Goetsch & Davis, 2014). With a clear problem statement, the organization can find specific solutions for the change. By ensuring that that the specific problems are identified and the solutions established, the probability of success for the change increases drastically (Aiken & Keller, 2009). In the learning outcome, I have achieved the expected outcomes since I now appreciate the importance of stating change problems and solutions as visibly as possible. A clear problem statement increases the success of the change process.

Examining and Increasing Awareness of the Critical Role of the Leader in any Change Process

Organizational change cannot be successful if employees and the stakeholders do not change or adopt behaviors that are deemed necessary for change to occur. Hence, a successful change process requires the input of all employees and stakeholders of the organization (Griffin & Moorhead, 2011). However, the role of leadership in an organization is central to facilitating the process of change. For instance, various changes require the allocation of both human and material resources whose authorization must be done by the top management (Weiner, 2009). Further, the top management officials belief in the need for change process allows the organization to have the right motivation and support towards the required change. Concisely, for the change process to be successful, the leadership must not only lead the change process but also allow the availability of the necessary resources and inspiration to drive the change process. From the course, I have recognized leadership in an organization as a critical factor in the success of the change process.

Creating a Change Management Plan that Includes All Stages of Change and the Challenges of Initiating and Sustaining Transformation

A change management plan is an essential aspect for guiding the organizational change process. A change management plan allows an organization to identify the resources that are needed for the change implementation to be successful. Further, it allows an organization to identify the stages that the change execution process will follow (Doppelt, 2009). Lastly, it allows the organization to identify and anticipate problems that may be faced in initiating and sustaining the change. In this case, the organizations ability to succeed in the transformation process increases considerably (Hayes, 2014). From the learning process, I am currently able to recognize the importance of change management plan as a part of ensuring a successful change process.

Identifying Resistors and Ways of Dealing with them when implementing a Change

In an organization, some employees are not ready for the change. Hence, they wish to maintain the status quo. People who resist change view it with uncertainty and mistrust and hence their lack of preparedness for the change. If not address well, resistance to change can derail the whole process (Rainey, 2009). In this case, one of the most central and highly recommended approaches to dealing with resistance to change is through ensuring the participation of all stakeholders in the organization. Through involvement, people who are likely to resist the change process will gain the feeling of ownership of the process (Doppelt, 2009). Further, through participation, individual needs and concerns are likely to be well addressed. Based on this learning outcome, I have gained sufficient knowledge and skills towards reducing resistance to the change process through the creation of an enabling environment where stakeholders are offered the opportunity to participate and own the change process.

Acquiring a Larger Repertoire of Leadership Behavior

Leadership is a critical role in any organization since it offers not only guidance on critical areas of the organizations functions but also facilitates the working of all stakeholders towards the common goals of the organization. However, understanding how a leader should behave is a controversial discipline based on the wide range of literature on behavioral leadership approaches (Hayes, 2014). For instance, leadership styles have been established to characterize and categorize different leadership approaches that are based on the behaviors that leaders demonstrate. For instance, some of the leadership styles include transformative headship, transactional management, and change leadership among other approaches (Weiner, 2009). In this case, while understanding leadership behavior is a challenging process, various qualities of leadership such as supportive behaviors and communication skills are universally viewed as crucial in determining good leadership. In this learning outcome, I have been exposed to a wide range of leadership behaviors, which have shed light on the complexity of leadership performance in organizational management.

Demonstrating Knowledge of Ethical Considerations while Leading Organizational Change

Organizations play an essential role in the society. They are responsible for the wellbeing of the employees and the people who are served by the organization. In this case, organizations should act responsibly by only adopting approaches and processes that are geared towards the betterment of the society and the individual employees (Doppelt, 2009). Consequently, in the process of change at the organizational level, leaders must act responsibly and ethically towards their stakeholders. They should desist from actions or activities that are likely to affect the organizations reputation or the wellbeing of the stakeholders (Griffin & Moorhead, 2011). In this learning outcome, I have learned that organizations must act as responsible citizens by being guided by ethical standards and guidelines that ensure that their activities have a positive impact on the society and the various stakeholders.

Conclusion

Change management is a central tenet of any organization in the fast-changing world. However, enabling the change process requires the input of all stakeholders, an accurate identification of the change areas, and the mapping of the way forward on how such changes can be implemented. The role of leadership in the change process is crucial in terms of offering the necessary guidance and the right motivation to facilitate the change. As revealed in the discussion, I have achieved the learning outcomes.

Reference List

Aiken, C., & Keller, S. (2009). The irrational side of change management. McKinsey Quarterly, 2(10), 100-109.

Doppelt, B. (2009). Leading Change toward Sustainability: A Change-Management Guide for Business, Government and Civil Society. South Yorkshire: Greenleaf Publishing.

Goetsch, D., & Davis, S. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. New York, NY: Pearson.

Griffin, R., & Moorhead, G. (2011). Organizational Behavior. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Hall, G., & Hord, S. (2015). Implementing change, patterns, principles, and potholes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice- Hall.

Hayes, J. (2014). The Theory and Practice of Change Management. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Rainey, H. (2009). Understanding and Managing Public Organizations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Weiner, B. (2009). A Theory of Organizational Readiness for Change. Implement Science, 4(1), 67-76.

Originally, the word economics comes from the word oikonomos which is actually a combination of two Greek words oikos and nomos. These two words mean household and law respectively. The term oikonomos refers to the handling of a household. The perception of an economy as a household has really affected how I used to think about economics because of how the two are related. An economy is made up of a leadership structure just like a household which is headed by a father (England & Farkas, 2017). It therefor entails the process of making decisions, division of labor, allocation of scarce resources such as time, making investments in children, and engaging in household production.

An economy and a household shares two major problems which are the increase of human wants and poor allocation of scarce resources. A household is usually keen to assess each and every decision made within the household for the good of the entire household members unlike in an economy where some decisions are unlikely to be assessed and controlled (England & Farkas, 2017). Far from that, a household may lack the aspect of being an economic agent but still be driven by the desire to share emotional attachments.

I strongly support the definition that economics is the management of Gods household so that everything may flourish (Goodstein & Polasky, 2017). According to Ten Have, 2021, God desires that human kind and all his creation flourish altogether. In Christianity, the concept of stewardship teaches us to take good care of someone or something which is entrusted to our care. Another reason for my support, is that the definition directly relates to the Scripture in Genesis when Adam was given the authority to name, manage, and to care for all the creation in the Garden of Eden.

References

England, P., & Farkas, G. (2017). Households, employment, and gender: A social, economic, and demographic view. Routledge.

Goodstein, E. S., & Polasky, S. (2017). Economics and the Environment. John Wiley & Sons.

ten Have, H. (2021). Stewardship. In Dictionary of Global Bioethics (pp. 973-973). Springer, Cham. Web.

IIROC is the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada, and it oversees and protects Canadian investment firms. Like any organization, it has many records of various activities that are necessary for business management and the systematization of information. Naturally, they have a records management system that ensures the efficiency of operations and controls the creation of new records and their destruction. A records management system accounts for an organizations valuable information assets. The IIROC is an organization that relies on the supervision of business transactions and the regulation of finances, which is why it ensures the efficiency of its records management system.

The IIROC has a records management system that is led by a dealer member. They maintain records for clients accounts, the accounts names and addresses, and a signed trading authorization. The ladder describes the instructions for trading the account to another person other than the account holder, if applicable. The dealer members responsibilities also include maintaining a record of all persons with trading authorization over one or more client accounts, which allows them to identify trading practices within the community of investors. A dealer member must also maintain the records of all these aspects of business in a safe location authorized by the IIROC for a minimum of seven years from the date the record is created. It may only be deleted if the security requirements of the IIROC call for the records termination. The dealer member also retains all records f purchases, sales of security, receipts, deliveries of securities (including certificate numbers), future contracts, and all other debits and credits. The dealer member can only retain records that are accurate and provide an audit trail to support the dealer members supervision of the organization.

One of the crucial components in the field of investing is the topic of wealth creation. This topic entails many steps in organizing the fundamental features of a portfolio. The wealth management process provides a straightforward way and approach to managing and building wealth, which will finally help the investor turn ones goals into a reality which is wealth (Wacquant, 2019). In order to achieve this, it is recommended that a wealth management analyst is given the work of analyzing an investment in terms of the resources required, the objectives of the investor, and all the processes required to go through to achieve the end goal of wealth creation.

Being a wealth management analyst at a wealth management firm within Connecticut, the main focus is to determine and advise the firm where accredited investors are located within Connecticut, analysis of the investor households structure, and the investors retirement income composition. The work will also involve suggesting the firm on the most appropriate place to locate the office within the counties of Connecticut and finally making suggestions for wealth management offerings.

To answer all the above questions, as a wealth management analyst, the work will involve analyzing the given data to develop the best regression model the firm can use to locate accredited investors within the state. After analyzing the data provided in the excel format, it was found that accredited investors are located in an urbanized area with more development. Accredited Investors are localized far or near industrial locations.

An accredited investor; is defined as intended to encompass those persons whose financial sophistication and ability to sustain the risk of loss of investment or ability to fend for themselves render the protections of the securities Acts of registration process unnecessary (Wacquant,2019). There are also benefits associated with being an accredited investor, including participating in investment opportunities under commission rules that are not available to non-accredited investors.

Once the potential accredited investors have been located, the next question is to understand their composition and structure. As per the research, it was found that the investors can be individual or institutional. It is better to have both types for maintaining diversity in ownership. The investor structure strategy seeks to use the characteristics of each asset class to help an investor reach his goal. Hence, investors should allocate their portfolios to a combination of individual and institutional classes. The diversification of the portfolio will reduce the risk. The second component is the asset selection decision.

Asset allocation involves picking individual assets within each asset class to make up the portfolio. Investors choose the asset classes based on risk tolerance and financial goals. A general rule of thumb is that the lower the risk tolerance, the more significant the percentage of the portfolio that should be allocated to fixed income. Hence as an investor, the structure of the potential accredited investors should be fascinating.

Another factor to consider as a wealth management analyst is the retirement mix of the investor. From the early years, the retirement mix has been implemented, and as a wealth management analyst, the work will be to come up with the best retirement mix for the accredited investor. After applying various clustering methods, it was found that the best retirement mix for the investor should be in the ratio of 80:20.This ratio coincides with what was discovered by Pareto when he discovered that 20% of the pea pods in his garden yielded approximately 80% of the peas in his garden (Tanabe, 2018).

It is because of this rule that Jill Schlesinger, CBS business analyst and host of Jill on Money, said this Upon reflection, you [may be able to look back and say, You know what, for the forty years that I was an investor, 80% of my returns came from 20% of my portfolio. You are probably not going to know until after the fact, or a period of time, when you can see what that 20% was (Schlesinger, 2020). As a wealth management analyst, it is always advised to look for the retirement income mix to maximize the investors income.

Another area an analyst should look at is the offices location within the state of Connecticut. The area must have a high number of accredited investors, and the investor households structure should also be considered together with the retirement income mix. Through different clustering of the different variables within the data set, it was found that the best place set up the office is ZCTA5 06387. The main reason for choosing the location above is because it satisfies all the above conditions. As an analyst, after doing all the analysis work based on the data provided, it is advisable to suggest to the firms management team the wealth creation offerings as per the findings. It is through this analysis that a suggestion is made to the firm to hire a wealth management company to manage its wealth and ensure proper wealth growth. Wealth management is concerned with the optimal usage and growth of a companys wealth in terms of its overall Asset value.

References

Tanabe, K. (2018). Paretos 80/20 rule and the Gaussian distribution. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, pp. 510, 635640.

Schlesinger, J. (2020). The Dumb Things Smart People Do with Their Money: Thirteen Ways to Right Your Financial Wrongs. Ballantine Books.

Wacquant, L. J. (2019). Making class: the middle class (es) in social theory and social structure. In bringing class back in (pp. 39-64). Routledge.

Summary

Corporations should use financial securities as their products because they are widely available and easy to find. It would make it possible for the company to profit from investments and raise money as needed. In any event, if a business has a real site that clients can visit, it is a good idea to set up an office there. If the business does not need a physical address, one could wish to consider creating an online presence. This makes it possible for their clientele to get in touch with them from different perspectives.

The Purpose and Operations of the Raw Data

They thoroughly investigated and organized through hundreds of columns of data to determine the best location for a brick-and-mortar office within the state of Connecticut. It became clear that the most efficient way to determine this would be to separate the data into respective categories and then further review it from there. This makes it easier to spot places where there might be some overlap between zip codes, which eventually makes it possible to pinpoint the optimal site. After the final project component was turned in, the data were further processed, cleaned, and filtered to find the best placements. Although the margin of error was significant, it was not immediately alarming because the numbers declined more sharply in the zip codes with higher densities. It is not an apparent cause for concern because the margin of error should be considered once the data has been sorted for the locations with the highest concentration of individuals.

All parameters in the general labor force category with an estimated population of less than 15,000 were removed. Regions with bigger populations are inherently thought to be better places to locate the office. The charts can also be made clearer and cleaner thanks to data filtering, allowing for the greatest possible understanding of the numbers. Homes with an income of $50,000 were maintained, but those with a $75,000 to $99,000 income that showed anything less than 2,000 were eliminated. This is due to the belief that households with higher earnings have greater potential for investing, even though households with an income of $50,000 were maintained.

The category of income between $100,000 and $200,000 was altered by excluding all households with incomes between $150,000 and $199,000. There were fewer than 1,5000 households in this group. Calculations were based on the groups that produced the highest levels of income. However, the population decreases as household income increases. This is the rationale behind the removal of anything less than 2,000 from the $50,000 to $100,000 group and less than 1,500 from the $100,000 to $200,000 category.

When examining the households with an annual income of $200,000 or more, the total number of households with a population of less than 2,500 was eliminated. This category was interesting because there were more sites in it than in the earlier trends seen in the project. Another unexpected finding is that there were no zip codes that coincided with the over $200,000 category and the retirement section after the data was purged and sanitized. This will be discussed in more depth below. For those with salaries under $50,000, retirement was sorted and removed because, in the current economy, that is scarcely enough to get by. It must be presumed that these retired household members did not continue to get income from sources other than their retirement funds, even though the information on the subject in this category was ambiguous.

The Geographic Locations of Accredited Investors

To qualify as an accredited investor, one must meet several conditions and benchmarks. For instance, they need to be wealthy individuals who have access to assets that are restricted to particular individuals. However, there are other drawbacks to being classed as an accredited investor that must be considered. Investing in constrained assets boosts investors chances of seeing big returns but comes with numerous risks, requires a lot of money upfront, and has high costs (Baldwin, 2022). The ideal accredited investor for this part of the project will be someone who makes a significant income. The only data offered are the population size and income, which serve as the decision-making foundation. Thus, the key types of families represented in the locations where accredited investors are concentrated will be households with retirement income, households with incomes between $100,000 and $200,000, and those with incomes exceeding $200,000.

Greater urban locations tend to have a concentration of accredited investors. The majority of investors are located in or near industrial districts. There are numerous ways to find where authorized investors are located. A person is considered an accredited investor by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) if their purchase at the time of the transaction exceeds $1 million (Baldwin, 2022). The investors combined income for the two years prior to the purchase date must be greater than $300,000. Accredited investors are the only ones permitted to participate in private placements of securities (Ribes, 2021). According to this definition, accredited investors are more likely to be found in regions with high average incomes and high net-worth populations.

The following zip codes have been determined to be appropriate for accredited investors after considering all of the selected data criteria: 06010, 06902, 06484, 06824, 06880, 06426, 06378, and 06282. Examining statistics pertaining to investments is another method for determining accredited investors regional distribution. For instance, according to information submitted to the SEC on Form D, the majority of accredited investors are located in the states of New York, Texas, and California. Because Form D applications are submitted primarily in larger cities, the data may be slanted in that direction. On the other hand, it provides some data regarding the geographic distribution of authorized investors.

The Structure of Investor Household

Investors can be individuals or organizations, as was previously said. The analysis takes into account the two categories in order to ensure ownership diversity. When examining the investors mix of retirement income, there are many factors to consider. Accredited investors will likely have a variety of sources of income during their retirement years to start with. Regarding salary and net worth, investors make more money than ordinary people. Accredited investors are also more likely to have retirement funds than others (Baihaqqy et al., 2020; Mills et al., 2020). They generally have a better handle on their finances since they frequently manage their money efficiently and are aware of the need to prepare for retirement. Retirement funds held by authorized participants are likely to include a variety of financial products (Baihaqqy et al., 2020). This is because they typically have a broad range of investments and are aware of the value of having a diverse portfolio.

Figure 1 summarizes the distribution of investors based on geography. The highest-earning investors belong to the 06902, 0610, 06810, and 06511 categories, respectively. The distribution of the investors varies significantly with their salaries and savings. However, a few of them have high salaries and investment ratios. For instance, the investors in the 0360, 06540, 06513, and 06040 households have their savings differing by a small margin.

The Retirement Income Mix of the Investor

An investors retirement income mix must adhere to the 80:20 rule. The purpose of the retirement perks is to guarantee that the investors will remain motivated and cooperative (Kimiyagahlam et al., 2019; Baihaqqy et al., 2020). The figure below presents a visual distribution of incomes and benefits with respect to average retirement income in 2019.

Figure 2 illustrates the discrepancy between the number of individuals working, but not saving for their retirement. For instance, the fact that an individual earns $80,000 may not translate to direct or actual investments. Reference figure 1 above, the majority of average retirement income ranges between $50, 000 and $60,000.

A suggestion for an Office Location

Setting an office for an authorized investor must be decided based on a variety of variables. Accredited investors are more likely to be found in places with high average earnings and high concentrations of high-net-worth persons. The second point is that most authorized investors are presumably clustered in larger cities. This is because a significant portion of Form D filings is made in more populated locations. Thirdly, regions with a wide range of investment prospects are more likely to be home to authorized and approved investors. They often have a variety of investments, and they are experienced investors who recognize the need to maintain a broad portfolio. After weeks of screening, wiping, reviewing data, and conducting research, it has been determined that zip code 06902 would be the best location for the workplace. When looking at the Spreadsheet in Excel, this zip code is the most consistent across all categories except retirement, which is a good indicator. This zip code is marked in peach on all of the papers with the general labor force to those exceeding the $200,000 mark.

In Connecticut, 06902 has the most workers overall, starting with the general labor force. This is significant because it shows that there is a sizable population, which is good for business and raises the likelihood that potential investors will become aware of the company. If households in that zip code were interested in investing, they would probably learn about the company through others who spoke to them about it rather than just because it was close by, therefore, it does not matter if nobody in that zip code receives retirement income. The $50,000 to $100,000 range is at the top of the chart. This is great because the corporation wants to make money irrespective of stockholders, so keeping a steady job while also earning a salary that can sustain a good quality of life offers an excellent opportunity. The primary assessment categories that are given the greatest weight in this selection are the $100,000 to $200,000 households and those exceeding $200,000, all of which exceed expectations of success.

Available Services in the Field of Asset Management

There are a variety of considerations to be made when recommending wealth management options to an eligible investor. Accredited investors are more likely to be generally interested in a larger choice of investment goods. They often have a variety of investments, are savvy investors, and recognize the need to maintain a broad portfolio (Kimiyagahlam et al., 2019). Accredited investors may be interested in a variety of wealth management services, which brings us to the second point. They generally have sound financial management practices and understand the significance of expert advice, which explains why. Furthermore, accredited investors are likely drawn to a wide choice of different investment vehicles. This is due to the fact that they usually have greater wages and investment potential than average-income individuals.

The final part of this project is to evaluate and provide wealth management strategies. This is one of the most important decisions a business can make because it has the potential to make or break it. The corporation must work with a wealth management company to manage its wealth and ensure healthy wealth growth (Ribes, 2021). The objective of wealth management is to maximize the overall value of a companys assets while also optimizing its utilization. The fact that corporate tax information is quite technical and accurate is another reason why a company should make sure they have the greatest wealth management system they can acquire; the best recommendation for a physical locations wealth management services in Connecticuts 06902 zip code is to use the service that Connecticut Wealth Management, LLC offers (city of Stamford). In addition to a number of other achievements, they are an accredited business with stellar evaluations and were even selected as the top financial advisors for the year 2020 (Ribes, 2021). Always stay on top of your financial planning and engage the aid of a reliable person.

References

Baldwin, J. G. (2022). How to become an accredited investor. Investopedia. Web.

Ribes, E. (2021). What is the impact of introducing productivity tools for wealth management professionals? A case study for the French market. HAL open science. Free and Accessible Knowledge, 10(5), 110-124. Web.

Kimiyagahlam, F., Safari, M., & Mansori, S. (2019). Influential behavioral factors on retirement planning behavior: The case of Malaysia. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 30(2), 244-261. Web.

Baihaqqy, M. R. I., Disman, D., Nugraha, N., Sari, M., & Ikhsan, S. (2020). The effect of financial literacy on the investment decision. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(4), 3073-3083. Web.

Mills, F., Willetts, J., Evans, B., Carrard, N., & Kohlitz, J. (2020). Costs, climate, and contamination: three drivers for citywide sanitation investment decisions. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 8, 130.

Problems/Issues

The field of cashless payments continues its expansive growth and development as the demand for innovative payment methods grows in need to optimize and speed up payments. Traditional players in the market of non-cash payment systems still retain their weight and leading positions. However, due to the rapid development of technology, companies in the 21st century face new challenges. Among the main problems for these companies, one can single out the need to compete with decentralized financial systems and cryptocurrencies, develop new, improved payment security standards and protocols, as well as the development of national payment systems.

Possible Solutions

The problem of competition with decentralized financial systems is becoming more acute as the security and stability of the latter improve. Making payments bypassing the banking industry, represented by traditional contactless payment systems, can be very attractive to the buyer. In this situation, possible strategic management decisions include supporting lobbying for the introduction of new payment methods, competing with other blockchain players in their niche, or investing in this area and partnering with promising decentralized financial institutions.

Payment security is a concern for both banking organizations and businesses and private consumers, as more and more new technologies are emerging to steal data and conduct illegal financial transactions. Since customers most often rely on the payment provider in this matter, this becomes an important challenge for such companies. The problems of security and containment of cyber crime can be solved both by introducing restrictions on payments and additional checks and by improving IT technologies and developing new protocols to ensure security. The desire of states to develop their own Central Bank Digital Currencies and national payment systems is understandable in terms of the desire of governments to protect the personal data and funds of their citizens (Mastercard, 2022). There are some possible strategic management decisions to cope with this situation. Giant transnational corporations can decide to directly compete with national providers or go for rapprochement and offer support tools to new players in the market.

Recommend Solutions

In a situation of competition with the blockchain sector of the economy, the most rational solution may be investments and cooperation with representatives of this segment. Direct confrontation and an attempt to reduce the growing decentralized finance sector to the shadow economy will need to be more effective since these companies have a clear advantage in consumer loyalty. In the case of investment, the traditional cashless payment operator has a real opportunity to become a link between the buyer and blockchain technologies, which will strengthen its position in the financial market.

Investing in the development of modern technologies and the IT sector is actively used in strategic management and planning. This can be a great way to overcome modern cybersecurity threats and create a platform for innovation in the field of cashless payments. In contrast, increasing the complexity of the payment process and the introduction of additional checks will strain the bank transfer system and may result in undesirable delays in making payments.

Competition with national payment systems may be effective in the short term. However, in the long term, it will not contribute to the development of the banking sector in certain regions (Mastercard, 2022). This may affect the global economy as a whole. Cooperation and support of national start-ups will be much more effective in establishing joint effective work and prosperity of the economy.

Expected Outcomes

The presence of healthy competition is necessary for adequate business development. However, given the significant experience of large companies providing cashless payments, cooperation with new players, such as blockchain organizations, can help develop promising modern areas. In addition, working with national providers can help improve the banking sector in a state or region, benefiting local businesses and private clients. Finally, the support of new technologies will help strengthen market positions and allow companies to compete successfully and do business in the constantly changing conditions of the modern world.

Reference

Mastercard: Creating a world beyond cash. (2022), 121.

Introduction

The modern world is characterized by a high level of globalization and multiple travel opportunities. The development of different means of transport, especially civil aviation, provided millions of individuals with a chance to move to numerous states. This openness is viewed as one of the most outstanding achievements; however, it also might be taken as a two-edged sword because of the threats and risks it contains. Globalization also offers malefactors, criminals, or even terrorists multiple ways to commit a crime or various attacks. Under these conditions, appropriate border management is one of the major factors guaranteeing the security of the modern world, peoples safety, and countries ability to survive and evolve.

The efficiency of laws and methods used to control the movement of populations depends on numerous factors and remains the primary concern for multiple border management agencies. That is why there are specific regulations, methods, and principles used to enhance the work of such units continuously. For instance, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is one of the largest agencies focused on such tasks. It also cooperates with other organizations to remain informed about the recent alterations and respond in appropriate ways.

Basic Tasks

The movement of people and goods is one of the primary concerns for such border management agencies. Thus, the increasing number of flights and other arrivals means that agencies, such as CBP, face numerous daily challenges and focus on their resolution to protect citizens. The prior task is to safeguard borders and enhance the nations economic prosperity by ensuring there is no illegal traffic of goods or individuals which might endanger the stability of the state (CBP, 2015).

The complexity and sophistication of the task are evidenced by the fact that the government and intelligence agencies are also involved in the work of CBP and similar authorities as only a collaborative effort can ensure the monitoring, supervision, and protection at desired levels (CBP, 2015). Information and the fast access to it also acquire the top priority as the most powerful tool to track the movement of people and goods and ensure they have all necessary legal rights to move to the state. International collaboration is also a central aspect of the stable and effective work of protection systems. Under these conditions, it is critical to discuss several key aspects of such agencies.

In general, border management is a broad term presupposing multiple factors and focusing on several areas. It is viewed as an approach to monitor all arriving and leaving individuals and collect information about them to ensure there is no illegal migration or transportation of goods (CBP, 2015).

Integrated border management also presupposes data exchange between partners to attain higher security levels and share critical information about suspects or undesired individuals who should be checked and verified (CBP, 2015). It becomes obvious that the collaborated effort is the key to attaining success and securing the border. For instance, CBP acts as the regulator of people and goods movement to the USA and from it, but it also shares information with partners to avoid critical outcomes and potential harm done to other nations (CBP, 2015). This cooperation is central for the final success and establishment of a safe and robust framework helping to detect and prevent undesired cases or breaches.

Legal and Domestic Principles

The legal principles and international and domestic principles are the central tools for ensuring the appropriate border control. CBP functions regarding the existing legislation and regulations accepted by the government to ensure the states safety and protect all citizens. Thus, the Homeland Security Act of 2002 outlined that CBP is the vital component necessary for defending the nations international borders (CRS, 2020). It presupposes enforcement of federal immigration and customs laws serving as the guide for controlling the arrival and departure of all individuals and the movement of cargoes (CRS, 2020). The authority of the agency also comes from the U.S Customs Service of the Department of Treasure and the Immigration and Naturalization Service, which created the legal basis for the emergence and functioning of the given unit (CRS, 2020).

Moreover, following the Immigration and Nationality Act, the agency has the right to arrest all people who are suspected of violating the existing immigration laws (CRS, 2020). At the same time, to avoid the abuse of power and control the work of the service, the government offers some constitutional constraints to the authority of CBP. For instance, the Fourth Amendment outlines specific conditions and demands under which arrests should be performed. That is why the work of the given border control agency complies with the existing legislation and regulations, which also serve as the primary instruments to align the stable work of the security system and avoid illegal immigration, cargoes movement, or harmful actions.

International Collaboration

At the same time, as stated previously, border control also demands international collaboration to track the movement of people and cargoes and detect dangerous or undesired elements. For this reason, CBP is also an active member of international treaties, conventions, and regulations. For instance, Convention concerning Customs Facilities for Touring is a multilateral treaty outlining personal effects allowed to be carried by an individual duty-free, while other elements should be reported to the customs or border service (CRS, 2020). This regulation creates the basis for global cooperation and interaction aimed at better control and supervision.

Moreover, the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 also outlines a list of restrictions and legislations that should be followed by its members to create an environment beneficial for international cooperation (CRS, 2020). CBP complies with the major statements of the Act and views it as the central tool for aligning an adequate border control.

Another core principle underpinning border control is the international collaboration between nations to resist terrorism and control crime. Globalization contributed to the diversification of threats and the emergence of new ways to commit crimes or acts of terror. For this reason, border management agencies view cooperation, data sharing, and support as the key factors for successful protection. Numerous treaties serve as the basis for better interaction. For instance, CBP participates in Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (CTPAT), working with the trade community to enhance border protection and supply chains security (CBP, 2021).

It results in better control and awareness as partners are obliged to observe the rules and regulations and avoid hiding information about suspicious cargoes or objects. Additionally, focusing on protecting the nations borders, CBP constantly renews its knowledge base about criminals or dangerous elements that might damage the state or its interests (CBP, 2021). This method ensures better resistance and the ability to consider the latest risks.

Cooperation with Intelligence Services

Effective work of border management also critically depends on cooperation with intelligence services. The core responsibility of the Federal Government is the maintenance of U.S. border security (Brennan, 2017). The complexity of the given task results in the distribution of responsibilities between the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Defense, and Federal agencies, such as CBP, cooperating with state, local, and law enforcement units (Brennan, 2017). The success of this cooperation also depends on these agencies ability to use relevant and up-to-date data about the character of threats to border security (Brennan, 2017).

Under these conditions, intelligence initiatives acquire the top priority as the most effective tool to collect information and share it with CBP (CBP, 2019). Agencies, such as the FBI and CIA, play a vital role in assisting CBP officers in detecting potential threats and responding to them.

The given cooperation is fundamental for effective border control. For instance, while the FBIs main tasks do not include monitoring goods and people movement, it works closely with the Office of Homeland Security to support initiatives such as a waiver and visa viper program focused on better protection of the U.S. territory (CBP, 2019). It means that CBP acquires additional tools for control as being provided with information coming from the agency, it becomes able to respond to new threats and detect them better, which is a key to excellence. At the same time, the CIA and the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement can also be viewed as the components of Homeland security, meaning that their cooperation is vital for establishing the framework for enhanced border protection and the ability to detect possible threats (Brennan, 2017).

As a powerful agency, the CIA also possesses some crucial information about the recent crimes and dangers, meaning that it can interact with CBP and keep it informed about the current states needs (Brennan, 2017). Under these conditions, intelligence initiatives are a vital component of the border management agency as they result in the increased awareness.

Risk Management Initiatives

Speaking about risk management initiatives, it is vital to state that the agencies focusing on protecting national borders devote much attention to collecting information related to this factor. For instance, CBP emphasizes that the stable work of this agency significantly depends on its awareness about the current risk factors and the scope of knowledge associated with them (CBP, 2015). It means that the introduction of new risk management initiatives is vital for attaining improved outcomes and empowering the existing control and management system. It presupposes data collection via evaluation of already known threats and factors leading to their emergence, cooperation, and international partnership (Brennan, 2017). Additionally, agencies might be offered by the Federal government to respond to new global issues and demand specific responses from CBP (Brennan, 2017). In such a way, risk management is another fundamental area of border protection.

In such a way, intelligence and risk management initiatives play an essential role in establishing an effective border security model. The given practice is accepted globally as different national agencies cannot handle the constantly increasing migration and cargo movement alone. Instead, they engage in cooperation with multiple authorities possessing information necessary for enhanced monitoring and protection.

It is a core aspect of the model accepted today as it creates the basis for further improvement. Moreover, various agencies, such as the FBI, ICE, and CIA, also have partners in different parts of the globe, guaranteeing their ability to respond to new threats and develop new regulations and recommendations vital for protecting citizens, facilities, and national interests (Brennan, 2017). Furthermore, the constant update of such programs and initiatives is a critical demand to the work of border control agencies as they are responsible for minimizing the number of threats and using appropriate measures to respond to them.

Enforcement Initiatives

Enforcement initiatives are another element that is given much attention regarding border control. For instance, CBP acts in terms of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection strategy 2020 to 2025, outlining the core elements of the framework and methods to attain the desired outcomes (CBP, 2019). The document contains the strategic initiative with the attention to awareness and enforcement. It states that by leveraging the existing capabilities, the agency can continue to improve the knowledge of potential and kinetic threats, which is critical for its stable functioning (CBP, 2019). The accomplishment of this goal demands several steps and emphasis on fundamental areas.

The Protection strategy points out that collaboration with federal and law enforcement agencies and global partners is necessary for the proactive disruption of illegal trafficking (CBP, 2019). Moreover, there is a critical need for the layered approach providing all law enforcement professionals with the practical methods, technology, and training that might be needed to perform their job and attain current goals (CBP, 2019). Under these conditions, enforcement is viewed as the vital element of CBP and other border management agencies work.

This type of project also presupposes some activities vital for achieving the current goals and is viewed as the plan of the overall strategy. For instance, CBP considers several major areas viewed as necessary for its stable work. It includes improvement of technologies and analytic capabilities to enhance the operational effectiveness; working with partner agencies to maximize programs working with illegal entries; investing in the regular policy revisions as the method to maintain the desired level of awareness and responsibility; maintaining links and relations with state, federal, and local law enforcement agencies which can help to perform some tasks and avoid undesired outcomes (CBP, 2019). These central tasks are critical for ensuring that CBP remains capable of responding to the new threats and controlling the national border. At the same time, achieving these goals, it is possible to create a framework for integrating successful enforcement initiatives.

Cooperative Arrangements

Finally, speaking about the work of CBP or similar border management agencies, it is vital to mention cooperative arrangements regulating the work of the whole system. As stated previously, interaction, partnership, and collaboration are considered the core of effective individuals movement control. For this reason, CBP concentrates on building successful cooperation with other agencies and partners as part of its future (CBP, 2019). It presupposes better intelligence services, advanced analytics, development of IT systems, and expansion of international and domestic partnerships to boost interoperability (CBP, 2019).

It demands multiple arrangements with various units, authorities, and organizations, which might be a complex task (CBP, 2019). However, these efforts will provide the personnel with the improved ability to make decisions using timely and relevant data, analytics, and better risk management outcomes (CBP, 2019). For this reason, CBP plans to support its existing cooperative arrangements and make new ones to consider recent changes in the world.

In such a way, the complexity of tasks any border management agency faces introduces the need to engage in collaboration with multiple partners. They will share up-to-date information about the current threats and risks and train the staff to prepare them for new issues (CBP, 2019). At the same time, the constantly altering nature of hazards and dangers demands the inclusion of new partners having the experience in a certain sphere. For this reason, it is essential to ensure that cooperative arrangements help to address all problematic areas and result in better border security and control. Otherwise, there is a significant risk of failure and inability to perform the most important functions.

Conclusion

Altogether, the modern globalized world offers multiple challenges for border management agencies. The high speed of globalization and the availability of traveling means that millions of people and tons of cargoes can enter states every day. For this reason, agencies responsible for national security and control have to accept new methods and strategies. CBP, as the representative of this cohort, also focuses on the continuous improvement of its work.

It presupposes cooperation with other national agencies to establish an international framework and increase effectiveness. Second, it uses regulations and legislations offered by the government as the primary guidelines for working with individuals. Finally, as it cooperates with other intelligence agencies to introduce new risk management initiatives central for the attainment of desired outcomes and better performance. CBP plans to enhance its work by focusing on the most relevant and critical areas and engaging in new arrangements with other organizations.

References

Brennan, B. (2017). FBI, CBP, and partners launch campaign to address corruption at Americas borders. FBI. Web.

Congressional Research Service (CRS). (2020). U.S. Customs and Border Protections powers and limitations: A brief primer. Web.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). (2015). Vision and strategy 2020. Web.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). (2019). U.S. Customs and Border Protection strategy 2020-2025. Web.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). (2021). Program and partners. Web.