Category: Life & Experiences 1502

The general topic of the study considered the concept of fatherhood in the modern world. The articles authors stress that the understanding of the fathers role in the contemporary world has changed significantly compared to how it was previously understood. According to Duckworth and Buzzanell (2009), Recently, the very definition of fatherhood and the nature of fathers roles in and out of the home have been questioned (p. 560). The study focuses on the influence of cultural, political, economic, and other factors on the perception of fatherhood. In their research, it is essential to emphasize that the articles authors identify the main problem it as the importance and difficulty for fathers to reconcile the duty to work, career, and important role in their family. In this regard, Duckworth and Buzzanell stress that fathers, in most cases, have considerable difficulty in trying to pay enough attention to the family and have a promising career.

To conduct the study, communication was made with the representatives of fatherhood. A total of 18 fathers were interviewed. The interviews were examined, and the answers were compared. Based on them, conclusions were made regarding the interview research. It was done in order to identify certain features of fathers adaptation to the possibility of joining family and work. As Duckworth and Buzzanell (2009), it was made to locate how they constructed work-family balance and their fatherhood roles within their particular life contexts (p. 561). In addition, a constant comparative method was used. It made it possible to assess fathers responses to their paternity behavior and compare and draw conclusions from those responses. It is important to emphasize that these data have also been evaluated from the point of view of social constructionism, and their research has been divided into several stages. According to Duckworth and Buzzanell (2009), we first situate interdisciplinary fatherhood and work-family research within social constructionism tenets, then we focus on communication research in these areas (p. 562). Consequently, the study was carried out in stages using different methods.

One of the studys preliminary results, described in the article, is an assessment of the degree of difficulty for fathers in the relationship between family and work. It is important to note that in the course of the research interviews with 18 fathers, it was determined that the current trend of fatherhood implies the priority of family and then work. As Duckworth and Buzzanell (2009) state, we found that these men framed and enlarged work-family balance both work and life elevated family as first by linking family to their meanings of work (p. 562). The study, therefore, identified the priorities of modern fathers. They are to live for the family and work to provide money for it.

These results have an essential role in the topic. Since the research was based on actual interviews with fathers, it has practical application and basis. This approach is vital for understanding contemporary paternity trends in the context of sociocultural communications and factors such as economic, political, cultural, and others. The importance of the study lies in defining the modern perception of the role of fathers both from society and themselves. Therefore, based on the research described in the article, it is possible to deepen the study of social functions.

Reference

Duckworth J. D., & Buzzanell P. M. (2009). Constructing work-life balance and fatherhood: Mens framing of the meanings of both work and family. Routledge, 60(5), pp. 558573.

Basketball belongs to games that most significantly affect the comprehensive development of a person, improving ones physiological indicators. Basketball is based on natural movements  running, jumping, throwing, and passing, which is why it has a positive impact on a persons musculoskeletal, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems. Moreover, systematic basketball classes serve to strengthen health and cultivate will, perseverance, and courage.

Almost all types of muscles work very actively in this game, as people jump, run, walk, bend and straighten up. This often changes the intensity of work and accelerates or decelerates movement. Some of the exercises of modern basketball have been included in physical therapy. For example, throwing a ball into a basket develops the hand and leg muscles, which can prevent the onset of joint disease (Malm et al.). Regular training also helps to increase the vital capacity of the lungs. Basketball classes lead to an increase in the frequency of respiratory movements. This has a beneficial effect on human health, making people less receptive to infections.

Due to prolonged motor activity and intensive breathing, not only the lungs are well trained, but also the organs of the digestive system. Energy costs for one productive basketball game amount to approximately 900-1200 kilocalories. As a result, working muscles use a significant amount of fat deposits, and a person gets rid of extra pounds (Rinaldo et al.). Nowadays, this fact motivates many men and women suffering from excess weight to start health-improving basketball training to get a beautiful figure in the process of an exciting game. Basketball also has a beneficial influence on the nervous system.

While playing basketball, the nervous system constantly monitors and coordinates the movements of all organs. The need to switch from one level of activity to another determines the special nature of nervous processes. When muscles contract, a stream of nerve impulses enters the cerebral cortex (Herzog). The motor analyzer is considered by modern science as a mechanism of sensorimotor integration along with the frontal lobes.

Apart from having a positive impact on physical and mental development, basketball classes serve to develop a strong will and self-control. Team play helps to improve the communication skills and initiative of the individual. Systematic training leads to the formation of independence, perseverance and purposefulness. Basketball classes contribute to the development of positive qualities and character traits, such as the ability to subordinate personal interests to the interests of the team, mutual assistance, respect for partners and rivals in the game and a sense of responsibility.

Playing basketball is a great activity that fosters the physical and psychological development of children and adults alike. Apart from its positive impact on body systems, it gives players unforgettable emotions of victories and failures, joys and sorrows, which ones life is made of. Enroll in a basketball section and see how it changes your life, making you a healthier and more self-confident individual than you used to be before you started playing this amazing game.

Works Cited

Rinaldo, Natascia, et al. Effects of anthropometric growth and basketball experience on physical performance in pre-adolescent male players. International journal of environmental research and public health vol. 17, no. 7, 2020. Web.

Herzog, Walter. Do recreational team sports provide fitness and health benefits?. Journal of sport and health science vol. 7, no. 2, 2018. Web.

Malm, C., Jakobsson, J., & Isaksson, A. (2019). Physical activity and sportsreal health benefits: a review with insight into the public health of Sweden. Sports, vol. 7, no. 5. Web.

Introduction

Since I have no memory of my prenatal development and birth, I can strictly rely on the information I have learned about these processes. Prenatal development takes place in three primary stages. The first two weeks following conception are known as the germinal stage, followed by the embryonic period from the third to the eighth week, and the fetal period lasts from the ninth week until delivery.

Biological

Metabolic programming brought on by fetal growth restriction increases the chance of developing metabolic syndrome and, as a result, adult cardiovascular morbidity (Crispi & Gratacós, 2018). Furthermore, fetal cardiac and arterial remodeling and a subclinical state of cardiovascular disease are closely linked to fetal growth limitation. The psychological functioning of pregnant women alters during pregnancy. It is frequently accompanied by ambivalence and mood swings, ranging from exhilaration to depressive reactions to anxiety, lethargy, and exhaustion.

Psychology

Increased maternal distress during pregnancy raises the likelihood that the unborn child will develop mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, and schizophrenia.

Sociocultural

Early sociocultural development is linked to a childs developing capacity to feel, regulate, and express those feelings, establish deep and secure interpersonal relationships, explore their surroundings, and learn while considering expectations from their family, society, and culture (Malik & Marwaha, 2018).

Infancy & Toddlerhood

Reflecting on my personal experience, I can recall progress from crawling to walking and running during this time, being able to explore with more significant curiosity because of their increased mobility.

Biological

Genetic predispositions, brain chemistry, hormone levels, nutrition, and gender are biological factors that impact the motor development of children, according to Luisa & Losada (2020).

Psychology

According to Salvadori et al., infants as young as three months old already exhibit behavioral responses that suggest emotions like surprise, discomfort, calm, and excitement (2021). By the end of the first year, new emotional states, including fear, sadness, and anger, all develop.

Sociocultural

Infants and toddlers pick up on the world through reassuring and trustworthy relationships.

Early Childhood

As a child, I remember having a healthy family situation that positively impacted my brain development, laying the groundwork for all future learning, behavior, and health.

Biological

The following three natural elements have an impact on growth and development:

1. Genetic Inheritance
2. Gender
3. Hormones.

Psychology

Individual and contextual factors may influence childrens emotional and behavioral challenges, such as the familys socioeconomic situation, parent stress, and other environmental exposures. The family environment significantly predicts childrens behavior issues, according to Grazuleviciene et al. (2017).

Sociocultural

Language, law, aesthetics, appearance, religion, values, attitudes, social organization, family, community, and a persons role or status are a few examples of socio-cultural elements involved in childrens growth.

Middle & Late Childhood

Reflecting from a personal side, I can remark on learning various gross and fine motor abilities as I began having greater control over how my body moves.

Biological

According to Larsen & Luna, there are two significant periods of brain growth in middle and late childhood (2018). Between ages 6 and 8, there are noticeable increases in eye-hand coordination and fine motor skills. The frontal lobes mature between 10 and 12, when logic, planning, and memory skills improve.

Psychology

Their psychosocial development influences childrens ability to comprehend emotions. Children of school age can describe emotion by referring to feelings rather than physical occurrences.

Sociocultural

The distinct cultural influences children experience, such as those related to food, language, art, and religion, impact how they develop emotionally, socially, physically, and linguistically.

Adolescence

I can enlist the five main features of adolescence biological growth and development: an ambiguous position, increased decision-making, increasing demands, and the quest for identity.

Biological

Between childhood and adulthood, puberty is a time of rapid growth, the emergence of secondary sexual traits, the attainment of fertility, and significant psychological changes (Laube et al., 2020).

Psychology

The birth of abstract thought, the increasing capacity to absorb the perspectives or viewpoints of others, the formation of personal and sexual identity, and the onset of puberty are the most significant psychological and psychosocial changes.

Sociocultural

Cultural norms and social structures may influence adolescent development individually through the mediating impacts of close social surroundings like family and friends.

Emerging & Early Adulthood

Experiences that were included for me personally were:

1. Becoming autonomous, working to become a self-sufficient individual with a unique existence.
2. Identifying myself entailed establishing preferences, philosophies, likes, and dislikes.
3. To gain emotional stability, which is regarded as a sign of maturation.

Biological

By this stage, adults have grown to their full height, weight, and physical peak (Tieland et al., 2018). Stamina and strength progressively deteriorate as the adult approaches the conclusion of this life period.

Psychology

Early in life, a person is preoccupied with learning to share intimacy, building relationships, and looking for intimate love. Long-term partnerships develop, and marriage and procreation frequently follow. The young adult must also make decisions about their career.

Sociocultural

Emerging adulthood is characterized by significant issues with identity, instability, self-focus, feeling in-between, and new opportunities. Peoples cultural backgrounds help them define who they are.

Middle Adulthood

Not having experienced this stage of life, I can rely on the learned information: at this period, attitudes and behaviors vary significantly because each person has a unique existence. The emotional state of the middle-aged brain is more stable, less neurotic, better able to control emotions, and more adept at navigating social situations.

Biological

Midlife brings about a few significant hormonal and physical changes. Vision and hearing abnormalities increase joint discomfort, and weight gain occurs.

Psychology

Adulthood brings about stability and personality transformation. For instance, whereas neuroticism and an openness to new experiences tend to decrease with age, self-assurance, kindness, self-control, and emotional stability tend to rise.

Sociocultural

The essential tension of maturity is between generativity and stagnation, which is the social responsibility of middle age. Finding ones lifes purpose and making a difference in the lives of others through volunteering, mentorship, and child-rearing are examples of generosity.

Late Adulthood

Not having experienced this stage of life, I can rely on the learned information. In this stage, elderly persons remain independent and socially active rather than allowing themselves to become isolated. More healthy aging persons play active social roles and uphold family responsibilities.

Biological

Many changes may occur in later adulthood, including some degree of brain atrophy and slowing neurological functions.

Psychology

Older adults may develop distrust, experience increased guilt over their diminished abilities, feel less competent compared to others, and lose their sense of self as they become more reliant on others.

Sociocultural

Anger and distress are less common, peripheral social relationships are cut off, and meaningful social partners are kept. Positive emotion is still very steady, showing a slight decline in some studies among the eldest old.

Conclusion & Insights

There are several reasons why it is crucial to comprehend human growth. One of the benefits is that it aids in self-understanding. One can better learn who they are today by being aware of the influences that shaped them as children. One can understand their children more fully by becoming knowledgeable about human growth. Knowing the psychology behind a childs development can be very helpful for anyone who is or plans to become a parent. One would learn more effective ways to communicate with kids. After studying human development, they will better understand how they have changed throughout their lives. Last but not least, one can distinguish between what is typical and what is not.

References

Crispi, F., Miranda, J., & Gratacós, E. (2018). Long-term cardiovascular consequences of fetal growth restriction: biology, clinical implications, and opportunities for prevention of adult disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 218(2), S869-S879. Web.

Grazuleviciene, R., Andrusaityte, S., Petraviciene, I., & Balseviciene, B. (2017). Impact of Psychosocial Environment on Young Childrens Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(10). Web.

Larsen, B., & Luna, B. (2018). Adolescence as a neurobiological critical period for the development of higher-order cognition. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 94, 179-195. Web.

Laube, C., Van den Bos, W., & Fandakova, Y. (2020). The relationship between pubertal hormones and brain plasticity: Implications for cognitive training in adolescence. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 42, 100753. Web.

Luisa, M., & Losada, J. L. (2020). Association Between Preschoolers Specific Fine (But Not Gross) Motor Skills and Later Academic Competencies: Educational Implications. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. Web.

Malik, F., & Marwaha, R. (2018). Developmental stages of social-emotional development in children.

Salvadori, E. A., Colonnesi, C., Vonk, H. S., Oort, F. J., & Aktar, E. (2021). Infant Emotional Mimicry of Strangers: Associations with Parent Emotional Mimicry, Parent-Infant Mutual Attention, and Parent Dispositional Affective Empathy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2). Web.

Tieland, M., Trouwborst, I., & Clark, B. C. (2018). Skeletal muscle performance and aging. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 9(1), 3-19. Web.

Introduction

Basketball is considered one of the most fantastic fundamental sports on the planet, to get the ball through the net rim more frequently than the other team. However, the mechanism through which an individual or group accomplishes this activity is significantly more complicated than it seems initially. Some of the essential basketball skills are shooting, dribbling, guarding, recovering the ball, and passing.

Discussion

Apart from these, basketball-specific abilities, agility, athletic aptitude, pace, and stamina are all vital game qualities that anyone participating in the activity should possess. The game requires perfect coordination, from ball handling to passes which need ones vision to be at the best level. For example, without the ability to leap, one cannot be exceptional at recovering the ball or guarding, similar to how a player who is not the quickest will likely be less effective at defense than someone who is. Players can enhance each basketball feature, and the tactics for doing so outnumber the games basic skills by a proportion of a hundred. Exercises and methods are used at all action phases to instruct the game and build stronger players effectively.

With extracurricular activities being a significant subject matter in junior school, they serve immense purposes to students. Co-curricular programs help to spark ones education by sparking innovative abilities, boosting social and organizational qualities, fostering hobbies and talents, and providing an opportunity to unwind and engage in something they like. In Brians case, his potential to harbor diverse skills is something to note. Through close observation of the young lad, there is much to like and learn from him. He tends to concentrate and participate a lot in class, especially in studies related to calculations. He enjoys coordinating with his peers, which requires group participation, and always takes the lead.

Outside class, Brians athleticism does not go unrecognized as he enjoys running and mostly prefers the dashes as he is swift. As his gym instructor, he lets me keep on challenging him when it comes to sprinting, and he ends up breaking his record after working hard for it. One can quickly identify his agility and stamina in the young lad as he can swim for no less than 30 minutes without taking any breaks. Brian can implement all these diverse skills in the basketball activity as he already possesses all the games essential qualities.

And since nobody was born knowing everything, hard work in any particular activity makes people great. Relating to Brians qualities and those required for basketball, it is without a doubt that he can excel in the activity. With his ability to improve in what he engages in, he can learn to dribble the ball skillfully, as all it needs is to coordinate the palm with the balls movement. Being able to work in a group with ease signifies that he can work well with his teammates in the realization of winning.

Conclusion

With his love of equations and calculations, he can implement that on the court primarily by passing the ball to his teammates, and because of his fast pace, he can get past his opponents quickly. Most importantly, Brians basketball participation will make him a problem solver. The reason for stating this is because basketball can be related to what people go through in life; hence finding ones way through opponents and working with teams is how life ought to be lived precisely.

Summary

The career I am interested in that is significant to the sports industry is coaching. Sports coaches train fanatics to familiarize themselves with a game and participate in professional-level matches. The word coaching was first used in connection with a trainer or instructor in the mid-19th century in England after a tutor at Oxford University guided a learner through exams (Miller & Gaffney, 2022). Since then, coaching has been used in the sports context to support athletes to succeed in their fields. Job opportunities for coaches are expected to grow by 20% from now to 2030. Over 40,000 job opportunities are expected to emerge every year (Miller & Gaffney, 2022). Coaching opportunities are available at every level and age, including college teams, private clubs, school sports, national leagues, and youth sports.

Management and Leadership: Strategies

A key management strategy of prolific coaches is embracing good talent. Coaches want to harness the best talent to ensure their teams maintain a competitive advantage over their rivals (Miller & Gaffney, 2022). Another management strategy is providing recognition where it is required. Like employees, players work to seek satisfaction and emotional contentment (Valletta, 2019). Good coaches appreciate individualism in employee performance and productivity and offer constructive appreciation and feedback where it is due. Lastly, cultivating self-leadership in players is a crucial management strategy coaches should use. Good coaches ignore mistakes and focus on cultivating accountability and self-leadership in teams so that the underperforming players can get a chance to grow.

The leadership strategies related to coaching include autocratic leadership style, democratic leadership style, and laissez-faire leadership style. Coaches who exercise autocratic leadership make sole decisions without consulting the decisions and views of players (Gomes et al., 2021). Most professional coaches, like Alex Ferguson, have demonstrated the success of this strategy. Coaches that exercise democratic leadership make decisions and seek the players opinions before enforcing them (Gomes et al., 2021). Democracy increases motivation among employees as they feel valued. Coaches who use a laissez-faire leadership strategy do not take active leadership approaches (Gomes et al., 2021). The coach can decide what will be done but prefers to get advice from the athletes and give them the autonomy to make the decision.

Management and Leadership: Situation

Pushing experienced players to be the best at the peak of their careers is a situation that requires a leadership strategy over management. Experienced athletes are more concerned with unlocking their full potential. Thus, the strategy is appropriate for the situation as the experienced players want to be leaders in their fields (Gomes et al., 2021). The strategy will ensure that the athletes possess leadership qualities like emotional intelligence, competitiveness, confidence, responsibility, dominance, and resilience compared to other players.

Management and Leadership: Differences

There are several differences between management and leadership in coaching. Leaders in this career are more involved in the sport and motivating (DiGirolamo & Tkash, 2019). Although managers are less involved than leaders, they are more thoughtful about their methods. For example, managers tell the athletes what to do while the leaders encourage them. Another difference is that becoming a leader requires different characteristics and qualities from becoming a manager (DiGirolamo & Tkash, 2019). Leaders must be passionate, emotional, outgoing, and vocal, while managers must be observant of the players strengths, weaknesses, and drive to gain success.

Finally, coaching is a promising career in the sports industry as it is projected to proliferate in the coming years. Coaches are responsible for assessing the current skills level of players, their growth potential, and their fit within a team. Coaches are expected to embrace leadership and management qualities to ensure their teams have a competitive advantage over their rivals. Practical management qualities enable the coach to give instructions, while leadership qualities encourage players to follow them.

References

DiGirolamo, J. A., & Tkach, J. T. (2019). An exploration of managers and leaders using coaching skills. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 71(3).

Gomes, A. R., Gonçalves, A., Morais, C., Simães, C., & Resende, R. (2021). Leadership efficacy in youth Football: Athletes and coaches perspectives. International Sport Coaching Journal, 9(2), 170-178.

Miller, D., & Gaffney, T. (2022). The 5 most promising careers in sports (With tips for success). Web.

Valletta, C. (2019). 3 management techniques used by coaches in sports. Web.

Nutritional therapy and lifestyle modification are critical to helping patients prevent or manage the disease for two reasons. First, their application allows a person to focus on something new. The daily performance of a specific action will bring more diversity to the patients life and make life more fulfilling and exciting. This approach will improve the condition of patients, for example, with heart disease, which is the most numerous category (Leading Causes of Death, 2022). Second, focusing on a new routine or hobby will allow the patient to think less about their problems and move on.

One smart outcome goal I have chosen for myself is to feel less stressed and more concentrated. As lifestyle prescriptions to achieve this goal are: Get up earlier in the morning (about 6 a.m.), a glass of water every morning to wake up a body, yoga activities everyday morning, make a plan for the day and become aware through self-exploration.

Changes I have prescribed to have a healthier life depend on my morning routine. The early morning rise will make it clear that there is still a long way to go to achieve the goals. The glass of water will help to activate the body and adjust it to the working day. Yoga will improve concentration and level of calm and help to relieve stress. Planning your day and compiling specific goals will not only help you understand the goals of life but increase the level of concentration on actual events.

I believe that the potential of long-term effectiveness of the Lifestyle Prescription strategy is effective and it can significantly improve the well-being of the patient. The impact this course has had on me is the desire for more profound research into specific improvements, such as morning routine. Applying this to my life and determining the positive effects of this process is an exciting and vital factor for me as a future healthcare professional. Before writing lifestyle prescriptions for patients, I must study their features and practical application in detail. If I do that, Ill be able to recommend them to my patients.

Reference

Leading Causes of Death. CDC/National Center for Health Statistics. (2022). Web.

Introduction

World Cup is a famous football competition organized every four years by the International Association of Football Federation (FIFA) and held in various countries. It is one of the most popular sporting events that attract millions of viewers worldwide, along with the numerous tourists who come to a hosting country, thus creating substantial market value and investment opportunities (Hundt & Horsch, 2018). Since football has expanded its popularity globally, many countries, including ones in the Middle East, aspire to host such an important event. Qatar is a small Middle Eastern country with a population of about 2.7 million, most of whom are expatriates from other regions (Human Rights Watch, 2019). The 2022 FIFA World Cup, scheduled to take place in Qatar, has been mired in controversy since the news of the nations successful bid was announced in 2010. Therefore, the theme of this essay is the impact of the World Cup in Qatar on human lives. The question is whether the lives lost from 2010 to up to now during the construction of necessary infrastructure for the event were worth it. Qatar has displayed a low level of responsibility for the workers safety and lives, but the cause of construction-related deaths in the country is not exclusive to the event of the World Cup. Thus, the country should not deny the opportunity of hosting the event, but more efforts must be put into increasing and monitoring the safety standards.

The Impact of the World Cup in Qatar on Human Lives

Qatar has faced significant criticism from human rights groups over its treatment of construction workers. According to Amnesty International (2019), Qatars labor system ensures that migrant workers are tied to their employers, denying them the right to leave the country or change jobs without their employers consent. That has led to reports of workers being subjected to dangerous working conditions and low pay. Eventually, the various media share estimations of 6,500 to 15,000 deaths related to the World Cup construction activities (Walter & Ford, 2022). In response, Qatar has increased its efforts to reform its labor laws and improve the safety of its workers. In particular, the government has passed a new labor law and ratified two international labor conventions as evidence that it is taking the issue seriously (Qatar News Agency, 2019). Despite Qatars progress towards reform, there are still concerns that migrant workers are being exploited and that the lives lost in constructing the World Cup groundwork from 2010 were not worth the cost. According to a recent study, construction workers in Qatar display a low level of safety awareness and safety gears knowledge, while employers tend to put production ahead of safety (Ajayi, Adegbenro, Alaka, Oyegoke, & Manu, 2021). Therefore, Qatars government and world agencies should intervene in the matter and influence the developers to ensure the proper safety conditions for construction objects.

Furthermore, the 2022 World Cup preparations in Qatar since 2010 have raised numerous concerns about migrant labor in the state. In particular, most construction employees in Qatar are primarily from Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and other emerging economies (Walter & Ford, 2022). The migrant workers were subject to various forms of systemic exploitation, including withheld wages, withheld passports, and false promises of better wages and working conditions (Human Rights Watch, 2019). The International Labor Organization has urged Qatar to reform its labor laws, but the country has so far failed to do so. That has led some to argue that these lives were not worth the cost of hosting the World Cup (Human Rights Watch, 2019). However, proponents of the World Cup in Qatar argue that the country has a right to host the tournament and that the event will bring much-needed economic development to the region. They have also contended that the migrants are willing participants in their exploitation and benefit from the opportunity to work and make money in Qatar (Human Rights Watch, 2019). On the other hand, regardless of ones opinion on the matter, it is clear that these workers deaths are a tragedy and a reminder of the need for greater regulation of working conditions. Therefore, the Qatar government must ensure that these workers are adequately protected, compensated, and treated with respect and dignity.

Besides, accidents on construction sites in Qatar have been a major problem in recent years, particularly in the context of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In the run-up to the tournament, the number of construction-related fatalities rose to an alarming level, with an average of one worker dying every two days in 2019 (Amnesty International, 2019). Therefore, the International Labor Organization has condemned Qatar for failing to protect migrant workers and has called for immediate reforms to the kafala system. The kafala system is the labor-regulation system used in Qatar and other countries in the region. Under this system, all foreign workers must be sponsored by their employer and cannot leave the country or change jobs without their employers permission (ter Haar, 2019). The system has been criticized for creating an environment where workers are vulnerable to mistreatment and abuse. However, in response to the criticism, Qatar has implemented several reforms to improve the labor conditions of migrant workers. That includes a new minimum wage law, the abolition of the kafala system, and the introduction of independent labor courts and labor unions (Amnesty International, 2019). Abolishing the kafala system has helped to ensure that workers rights and freedom are respected, including the right to equal pay, freedom of movement, and the right to change jobs. Additionally, it has made it easier for migrants to access legal redress when they face abuses or exploitation. Without the kafala system, workers can report their employers and seek protection from the state. While human rights organizations have welcomed those reforms, there is still much work to be done to ensure that the rights of migrant workers are adequately protected.

Furthermore, the ethical considerations of the extensive loss of lives are complex and multifaceted. On the one hand, obvious human costs are associated with the lives lost due to accidents on construction sites in Qatar. Those losses cannot be taken lightly and should be weighed heavily in any ethical evaluation of the situation. On the other hand, the recent fact-checking material by Walter and Ford (2022) suggests that among all 15,799 migrants who died in Qatar in 2011-2020, only 40 worked at the World Cup sites. In addition, there are potential benefits associated with hosting the World Cup. These include the potential for economic development, increased tourism, and international recognition. The government estimates that the World Cup would add $20 billion to Qatars GDP (Amnesty International, 2019). That involves investments in new stadiums, hotels, and other infrastructure and increased spending from tourists and media. The World Cup would also boost tourism, with an estimated 1.5 million people visiting during the tournament (Amnesty International, 2019). That influx of visitors could provide a major economic boost for Qatars hospitality industry. Finally, hosting the World Cup would bring international recognition and prestige to Qatar, as it would be the first country in the Middle East to host the tournament.

Conclusion

The 2022 World Cup in Qatar has been surrounded by controversy since its inception in 2010. The main point of contention is human rights abuses and numerous reported worker deaths due to harsh working conditions. The lives of those workers cannot be accounted for in money, yet the potential for economic development, increased tourism, and job opportunities that the World Cup brings are undeniable. The human cost of the World Cup in Qatar has been heartbreaking; hence, the decision to award the tournament to Qatar has been widely criticized. However, hosting the World Cup is an opportunity for Qatar to showcase its culture, strengthen its ties with the international community, and provide an economic boost. Qatar has also taken steps to improve working conditions, and it is hoped that the World Cup will act as an impetus for further reforms. Therefore, it may be impossible to account for the human cost in economic terms, yet it is clear that the World Cup has the potential to bring positive change to Qatar and its citizens. The World Cup may bring attention to the plight of the workers and inspire further reforms.

References

Ajayi, S. O., Adegbenro, O. O., Alaka, H. A., Oyegoke, A. S., & Manu, P. A. (2021). Addressing behavioural safety concerns on Qatari Mega Projects. Journal of Building Engineering, 41, 102398. Web.

Amnesty International. (2019). Qatar: Migrant workers rights at risk. Amnesty International, Web.

Hundt, S., & Horsch, A. (2018). Sponsorship of the FIFA World Cup, shareholder wealth, and the impact of corruption. Applied Economics, 51(23), 24682491. Web.

Human Rights Watch. (2019). Qatar: Rights at risk ahead of 2022 World Cup. Human Rights Watch, Web.

ter Haar, B. (2018). FIFA, Qatar, Kafala: Can the World Cup create a Better World of work? International Labor Rights Case Law Journal, 4(1), 128132. Web.

Qatar News Agency. (2019). Qatar ratifies two international labor conventions. Qatar News Agency, Web.

Walter, J. D., & Ford, M. (2022). Fact check: How many people died for the Qatar World Cup? Deutsche Welle, Web.

Introduction

In chapter 4 of his book, Covey argues that in order to establish effective interdependent relationships, people should strive to create win-win situations. Such situations are mutually beneficial for each side. According to Stephen Covey, there are six paradigms of interaction between people (Covey, 2004).

Discussion

In the 4th chapter, he considers the advantages of one of them  it is a Win-Win situation when both win. Agreements or solutions are mutually beneficial and satisfy both parties (Covey, 2004). The author points out that the best option is to create winwin situations. With the Win-Lose or Lose-Win paradigms, only one side gets what it wants at the moment, but the results will negatively affect the relationship between the parties to the transaction in the future. However, the Win-Win option discussed in this chapter is important to use as a backup (Covey, 2004). When a person knows they have another problem-solution option, it frees them from having to manipulate people and promote their own plans. To achieve a Win-Win situation, Covey suggests focusing on results rather than methods, on problems rather than people.

Conclusion

Despite the advice of the author of the chapter, there are situations in which Win-Win is impossible, or its application will not bring a solution to the problem. For example, a situation may arise when mutual concessions of opponents to each other are necessary to achieve Win-Win. This means that everyone will receive 50% satisfaction. Part of the needs of each opponent will remain unaccounted for. This will inevitably lead to new disputes, so in this case Win-Win will be an unsuccessful strategy. Therefore, despite the fact that Win-Win may seem to be one of the solutions, in some cases it is only a temporary measure.

Reference

Covey, S. R. (2004). Habit 4: Think win-win TM  principles of interpersonal leadership. In The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal change (pp. 1-18). Free Press.

A sociology book called The Family: Diversity, Inequality, and Social Change explores how families are evolving in modern society. The book discusses a wide range of family-related subjects, including gender roles, marriage, parenting, and family diversity (Cohen, 2015). Sociologist and demographer Philip N. Cohen use statistics and research to examine how families are changing and how these changes are affecting society as a whole. The book delves deeply into the patterns and trends that are influencing modern families, such as the rise of single-parent households, the loss of marriage, and the widening diversity of families (Cohen, 2015). The decreasing popularity of the name Mary in the US is a reflection of the growing individualism and self-expression of parents, who are opting for distinctive and uncommon names for their children rather than sticking to conventional naming practices.

The diversity of families is one of the books primary themes. According to the author, families nowadays are more diverse in terms of colour, ethnicity, and sexual orientation, and this variety is significantly altering society (Cohen, 2015). He looks at how different kinds of families are affected by social change and inequality and how these experiences affect their daily lives. The book also examines how gender relations are being impacted by how mens and womens roles and expectations inside families are evolving (Cohen, 2015). It analyzes the way technology, the media, and other cultural elements are influencing life as well as how families are adjusting to these changes.

The emphasis on individuality in society underwent a considerable shift in the 20th century. Individualism and self-expression became increasingly crucial to humans, and this trend was reflected in how parents called their children. Following conventional naming practices, children used to frequently be given names that were variations of their parents or other family members names. However, as the 20th century went on, more parents started going against tradition and picking out odd and original names for their children (Cohen, 2015). This custom had its origins in the idea that children should uphold the family name and show respect for their ancestors. Additionally, it served as a means of preserving cultural practices and family customs. The chosen names, which were typically derived from those of significant family members, such as grandparents, were believed to bring luck and blessings to the child (Cohen, 2015). This custom was widespread in societies that placed great significance on ancestors and family.

Parents are now more inclined to select names that have special meanings for their children, such as the name of a favourite place or character from a book or a name that is distinctive and stands out. Additionally, they could opt for names with specific significance or ties to their cultural or ethnic background. This movement in naming practices reflects the change in societal values and the growing significance placed on uniqueness and self-expression.

The growth of celebrity-inspired names or well-known fictional characters is another indication of this tendency toward identifying children after people that have particular importance to them. Some parents pick names that are representative of their passions, like the names of their favourite bands or sports teams. Additionally, some parents pick names that are symbolic of anything spiritual or environmental in order to express their personal values or worldview. As they want their childs name to reflect their familys history and identity, many parents are also selecting names that are representative of their cultural or ethnic origin. As more parents choose names from many cultures and languages, this has increased the diversity of names given to infants.

The decreasing popularity of the name Mary in the United States reflects the tendency toward individualism and parents desire to give their children unusual names. Following conventional naming practices, it used to be typical for kids to be named after their parents or other family members (Cohen, 2015). However, as society has developed and placed more value on originality, more parents are opting to give their kids unordinary names that deviate from the mainstream.

This trend toward individuality and distinctive naming may be observed clearly in the fall of the name Mary in the United States. The Social Security Administration found that between 1880 and 1946, Mary was the most often used name for females born in the United States (Cohen, 2015). Mary, however, was no longer among the top 100 names by the 2000s and had fallen out of the top 10 by the 1970s (Cohen, 2015). This fall in popularity is a blatant sign that parents are opting for odd and uncommon names for their children instead of traditional, familiar names.

Additionally, the study by Philip N. Cohen, published in The Family: Diversity, Inequality and Social Change in 2015, demonstrates that the variety of names given to infants has been growing over time. African American, Latino, and Asian American families exhibit this trend the most, as they frequently name their children after members of their own ethnic communities (Cohen, 2015). This lends even more, credence to the notion that parents are eschewing conventional naming practices in favour of selecting names that are more distinctive and representative of their personal preferences and values.

The rise of individuality in the 20th century altered how parents chose names for their children. However, parents started to see naming their children as a method to reflect their own particular style and values as the emphasis on individuality grew (Cohen, 2015). The popularity of strange and uncommon names, as well as the growing diversity of baby names, are both indicators of this mindset change. Additionally, the advent of social media, which has given people a forum to express themselves and share their individuality with the world, is a reflection of the increase in individualism. Since everyone is urged to stand out in todays society, many parents now view giving their children a name as a method to express style and values as well as to offer their children a distinct personality.

In conclusion, the twentieth century brought a focus on individuality and opportunities for parents to choose more unique names for their children. This trend is reflected in the decline of traditional, common names, such as Mary, and the increasing diversity of names given to babies. It also reflects a shift in the way parents approach naming their children, viewing it as a way to express their own personal style and values. As society continues to place a greater emphasis on individualism, we can expect this trend towards unique and unusual names to continue. Modern parents are no longer constrained by conventional naming customs and have access to a wide selection of possibilities. They can select names from other cultures and languages, play around with different spellings, or even come up with completely original names.

Reference

Cohen, P. N. (2015). The Family: Diversity, Inequality, and Social Change. Norton & Co.

Different types of news broadcasts are important for their own audience. The videos look, tone, message, and language have to correspond to the topic and the knowledge of people who are interested in watching this particular media piece. Sports broadcasts are a combination of serious news and entertainment, as any game can be considered a job, a competition, and a source of enjoyment for fans. Thus, the style of podcasts and news also mixes serious language and personal opinions to provide new information and engage viewers. The following paper analyzes an episode of the Peter King Podcast, Unpacking Fascinating Super Bowl, NFL Officiating Chemistry, published on the networks official YouTube channel NFL on NBC. The video demonstrates the unique features of a sports news broadcast through its use of specific terminology, assumed level of expertise from the audience, and a mix of information and entertainment.

First, one can note the unique tone of sports broadcasts, which mixes news and personal opinions. The podcast episode has the host and one guest who engage in informal conversation. The host shares a piece of information, and the two experts discuss the topic, relying on their knowledge and personal view of the situation. Thus, the tone is unofficial, as both speakers ensure to point out they are sharing only their own interpretation (NFL on NBC, 2023). Nevertheless, the review of each case is thorough and focused on details, facts, and the history of the event. For example, King and Simmons discuss the record of injuries for one athlete. They recall his medical history and previous cases where such injuries would require more rehabilitation to make a point about the athletes current state.

Second, the style of the broadcast implements elements of information and entertainment. First, the podcasts informative portion relates to the recent news discussion. In this case, both participants share what has happened, recalling performance, statistics, interviews, and statements made by athletes, critics, and other participants. Therefore, the viewer can learn more about the recent events in football. At the same time, the host and the guest present their view, which could be considered entertainment. Football, similar to other competitive games, is a type of personal interest for viewers. The discussion of football-related events is entertainment as well.

Another intriguing feature of sports broadcasts is the implied knowledge that the network and the hosts anticipate from the audience. Although the podcast introduces news, it is expected for viewers to understand the context of each event. For example, the players names are mentioned briefly to start the discussion, while the host assumes that the viewer knows their history and current record. Similarly, specific terminology related to the game is not explained. The broadcast may be too challenging to understand for somebody who does not know much about football. Therefore, it is apparent that the network expects to attract viewers acquainted with the terminology and historical facts used by sports broadcasters and analysts.

In conclusion, sports broadcasts unique style and tone attract viewers with previous knowledge and interest in the field. The host and the guests use specific terminology and discuss events in a way that may be difficult for a person without football knowledge to understand. The speakers share information about past events, official statistics, and history. However, it is implied that the audience is interested in sports as a source of entertainment. As a result, the reviewed podcast episode targets people passionate about football and looking for a mix of news, personal opinions, and a deeper analysis of their interests.

Reference

NFL on NBC. (2023). Unpacking fascinating Super Bowl, NFL officiating chemistry | Peter King Podcast | NFL on NBC [Video]. YouTube. Web.