Category: Life & Experiences 1502

The title of the book Hurt People Hurt People by Dr. Wilson clearly expresses the first premise. She demonstrates how the process of hurting others is an ongoing process that repeats itself from generation to generation or from one individual to the other. Wilson argues that the cycle begins right from childhood where family members or friends hurt children. She describes some of how parents neglect and ill-treat their children setting a shattered basis of their future relationships (Wilson, 2001, p.124). Unfortunately, children learn to shelter abuse from family members using defensive or dysfunctional ways to heal emotional wounds. Children can only question their parents when they get older, and this is out of knowledge or experience that boosts their reasoning capabilities. The solutions developed allow survival during the early years of a persons life but when applied to solve adulthood problems, develop into pain and hurt (Wilson, 2001, p.86).

Dr. Wilson also outlines the processes of change that are a necessity for people to stop or counter hurt. She emphasizes the fact that we can only change our own choices. This happens because we cannot control other peoples choices. She explains the need for personal responsibility in all actions. For changes to occur, we must let go of past choices and choose new ones, which involves the painful revisiting of childhood choices (Wilson, 2001, p.86-88). She also mentions the need for Gods Holy Spirit to heal and personal responsibility in the process of change.

Wilson argues that some of the peoples past behaviors influence their present behaviors. Most people with legitimate behaviors had unfit behaviors at one time in their life. It is only after individuals pick new choices in life that they will realize the change in their life. She says that we can change perceptions because of life problems and influences, and it is the only way we can eliminate principal problems in life (Wilson, 2001, p. 92). These dominant problems torment humans throughout their life.

Strengths of Wilson

The approach Dr. Wilson uses to describe the process of healing is in itself clear but highly effective. In her arguments, she creates more room for dealing with unhealthy behaviors among individuals in the society. She explains behavioral patterns among individuals that are beyond their control and the consequences of such patterns in their lives. However, she does not exclude anyone from personal responsibility for their behaviors, choices and actions.

In her model, she combines novel views of explaining human behavior, from the religious view to the psychological and even the sociological view. She addresses understanding of different issues of life, God, ourselves and other people as well as how we usually make new choices. The model examines the realities of life such that no individual lives with excuses or feelings of denial. It attempts to explain how we can breakdown cycles in life and in those of children, which is essential in the process of healing. The book also provides us with practical applications in todays life. Dr. Wilson does not just tell us to be healthy but rather what being healthy is. For instance, she has explained the meaning of forgiveness by explaining the necessity of accepting Jesus forgiveness first for us to forgive others.

Weaknesses of Wilson

As Christians, we believe that God chooses parents for us, and they are a precious gift that God gives individuals. This contrasts Wilsons argument that we can choose parents. We need to appreciate parents the way they are because they are a gift from God. Choosing will entail hurting others, which violate the primary objective of this book of not hurting others or ourselves.

Dr. Wilsons approach identifies the Holy Spirit as a key player for healing to take place. This process involves real involvement of the Holy Spirit combined with emotional healing. Despite the model being effective, it is be limited to believers only. It can only be applied for a Christian who lives according to the teachings of the word of God.

Application

Although Dr. Wilsons model for change is simplified, it has exceptionally strong points that a foster mother can relate to strengthen all the elements of psychological and spiritual growth. She explains how different systems influence us during childhood throughout adulthood. The foster mother can use the book as a tribute in providing encouragement to a child that someone cares rather than the unseen God. The model offers detailed explanations to different behavioral patterns among individuals and does not make room for justifying those behaviors. Personal responsibility and the Holy Spirit as the major elements in the process of change echoes well with me. The model gives optimism that healing can be a reality for those individuals willing to follow the difficult and painful process of change. The book is suitable for Christians as it applies the teachings of the Holy Spirit.

Reference

Wilson, S. D. (2001). Hurt People Hurt People: Hope and Healing for Yourself and Your Relationships. Grand Rapids: Discovery House.

Summary of the Interview

Through which channels do you follow the team?

Answer: personal contact is always essential in sports where athletes struggle to win. The management department must use a multi-factor communication model, namely written and oral communication, to establish trust and deliver information. We speak every day during training sessions, press conferences, closed meetings, and athletes initiatives.

What media features do you use in your team?

Answer: As in any other public sphere of activity, the media plays a crucial role in PR operations. We work with in-house and guest journalists to build a permanent media presence.

What tasks does management perform in terms of media activities?

Answer: Even though we are more responsible for results and motivation, we are all media people. We must speak at press conferences, give interviews to the media, and help promote the athlete in society.

Knowledge Gained from the Interview

The sports sphere is no longer a field for athletic records, physical progress, and individual or teamwork to win. Instead, it is a highly diversified structure in which audience engagement and sports marketing become revenue generators. In turn, the financial well-being of the team allows optimizing the long-term strategy for gradual growth. An interview with Brad Johnson showed that modern sports involve all stakeholders in the media. Team management is responsible for internal well-being and results, but even this is a subject to journalism. It correlates with research in which the digitalization of information and diversification of sports broadcasts are becoming business priorities for teams (Dugali, 2018). Thus, audience engagement occurs not only through the success of the athletes but also through quality marketing.

Diversification of communication channels allows performers to choose the optimal communication strategy with the media and the team. Johnson uses multidimensional communication, such as face-to-face conversations and online communication, to implement an ongoing contact strategy. This approach makes it possible to timely identify interpersonal or motivational crises with the prospect of their appropriate resolution. Thus, this interview confirmed the hypothesis about the teams sports spirit, which applies both to interact with the media and to the organizations internal structures.

Reference

Dugali, S. (2018). Sport, media and digitalization. SPORT  Science & Practice, 8(1), 56-69.

A wedding celebration is the end of long preparation, and in order to avoid unpleasant surprises and the discontent of both guests and newlyweds, it is essential to approach the planning process as carefully as possible. First, the budget to spend on the holiday should be determined. All the details without exception are to be taken into account, including the organization of a banquet, the decoration of the wedding area, the services of drivers and other staff, as well as dresses for newlyweds. Another important aspect is the planning of the style of the wedding. According to Stafford et al. (2020), this holiday is more of a celebration for a bride than for a fiancé, but the cultural background of both newlyweds and guests is a criterion that largely determines the nature of the ceremony. Religious beliefs, the number of people, personal interests, and other social criteria should be considered to make the holiday enjoyable for everyone.

The acquisition of wedding paraphernalia is an important stage of preparation, which should be completed carefully. Buying rings, discussing the concept of a festive table, designing invitations, choosing a cake, and other actions are the indispensable elements of the celebration. Moreover, as Stafford et al. (2020) argue, a bride-centric concept of marriage is common in the United States today since this event is more significant for women than for men. Therefore, in order for the celebration to be successful, brides should pay particular attention to many details and, if possible, draw up a plan. Ordering makeup and hairstyle is what is planned immediately before the wedding, but some nuances, for instance, the style of dresses or the design of photo zones, have to be determined in advance. Before the time of the celebration, it is essential for newlyweds to be concerned only with organizational tasks and not be distracted by related issues. In this case, a wedding ceremony will be memorable and leave only positive emotions for everyone present.

References

Stafford, L., Faulkner, S. L., & Scott, A. M. (2020). Its the best day of your life: Dominant discourses in brides wedding planning. Communication Studies, 71(2), 226-243.

The population of the world, which consists of many peoples of different cultures, nationalities, backgrounds and beliefs, is becoming a melting pot where the cultures and races are mixing, decreasing the prejudices and stereotypes that have long existed in human history and unfortunately still exist today.

The article titled The Hidden History of Mestizo America, describes the historical mixing of people of different races and cultures. It starts out by describing the events that took place in London, in January of 1617. During the performance of The Vision of Delight where King James I and Queen Ann were present, their guestsJohn Rolfe and his wife Rebecca, who was the daughter of a native king Powhatan, were also in attendance. This was the public display of first interracial marriage that was historically recorded in the United States. King James was not against this interracial marriage and thats why this was the time when there were a number of such unions. Another person who was a supporter of the interracial marriages is Patrick Henry, who in 1784 proposed free education to children born from white-Native American marriages. Tomas Jefferson also promoted the mixing of these two peoples. In the year 1809 young Sam Houston left his home to lead a life in the Cherokee tribe. He was a connecting link and an ambassador of his tribe to the American people. But in 1839 things drastically changed when the president of the Lone Star Republic Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar focused his rule on the extermination of the Cherokees and the unfair treatment went on to paint a rather grim chapter in the history of humanity.

In the 1600s to the 1800s a different intercultural mixing was taking place. As there were some African slaves who were escaping the abusive treatment by the white colonists, they chose to hide among the native settlers of the Americas and as a result formed Afro-Native mixes. A sad turn took place in the eighteenths century when the Cherokee people started mimicking the white people and used Blacks as slaves. One fourth of the Cherokee population was intermixed by the 1830s with the majority of mixes being white but Blacks were intermixed as well. Another change took place at the arrival of Indian people. Since they were not allowed to marry other races and could not bring their own wives and children with them, they found a loophole in the law, which would issue permission to marry other races according to skin color. This led to the marriages between Punjabis and Mexicans and so in the years 1913-1949, 80% of Indian men had marriages with Hispanic women. As with native people and Blacks, a similar thing happened with the mix between Spanish and Africans. The new settlers from Spain often brought slaves with them and this led to a mixture of their cultures. With all these different populations co-existing on the same territory, Spanish, African and Indian people became mixing more than ever. The art of that time, which is reflected in the paintings, often portrays such intermarriages, reflecting on the cultural views predominant in that era. By the early twentieth century people of middle and upper classes who were white started moving out of the city into the suburbs and began creating mostly Anglo-Saxon mixes, which was their way to return to the origins of the white society. A supporter of multiculturalismRandolph Bourne, was another great man who realized that the mixing of people into one would be a positive thing for the worlds population. He died in 1918 and everything came back to the way it wasdiscrimination and racism. It was not until 1965 that a Secretary of State Dean Rusk greatly changed the policies of the United States. After this the world became the way we see it today (Nash 959).

The facts that the article offers are not the first example that show how cruel and unfair people can sometimes be. For strange reason the prejudice that some people are superior and others are inferior existed since the beginning of time. One of possible explanations is that the human nature entails egoism and self-love. People who had problems and negative predispositions with their own nature and nation, had to find an outlet for their despair. It was unwise for them to do it towards themselves or they could not come up with steps at bettering their nation, so they had to express their anger with own shortcomings on others. This was easier and showed how strong and powerful they were, which reinforced their view that they are the dominant race on the planet. The colonies that existed all over the world are the proof of that. People, who constantly exterminate the native populations of newly discovered places and give rise to their own civilizations, are pursuing fake greatness. But at the same time there are many examples that illustrate individuals who understood how wrong this prejudice was. They were kind and considered everyone equal. These people wanted to share cultures and knowledge, to create a better world by reasoning and mixing with the native peoples who were so different and interesting. This article and human history overall prove the constant fight between those people who think they are the smartest and that their will should be superior and those who believe in the unity and equality of everyone, doing anything in their power, even giving away their life, to fight for the noble cause.

It is foolish that with all these examples in the past, which clearly show how only together and with fairness people can reach great heights, there are still uneducated and self-centered individuals who base their existence on proving to themselves that they are not worthless through demeaning and judging others negatively. How long will it take until these inequalities cease to exist within the human civilizations and its absence will finally bring the focus on the development of the humanity instead of its degradation?

References

Nash, Gary. The Hidden History of Mestizo America, The Journal of American History, 82.3 (1995): 941-964. Print.

It is not unusual for an athlete to have a problem with an agent in the sporting industry. Alex Bregman joins the list of athletes who have had a problem with their agent. In 2020, Bregman parted ways with his agent Brodie Schofield because of the production of a documentary focusing on tracking the 2017 Astros sign-stealing cheating scandal (Valenzuela, 2020). Bregman felt angry and betrayed by the move to focus on producing a documentary on a scandal that damaged his image in 2017 (Valenzuela, 2020).

Bregman expected his agent Brodie to prevent the production of that documentary, especially by James affiliated Media Company. This is based on the fact that a sports agent is supposed to promote sports figure, handle endorsement deals, and manage their finances (Kamberg, 2017). Based on this, Bregman believed that Brodie failed to perform his duty as an agent by producing a documentary that would continue to impact his image in the industry negatively.

The situation that led to Bregman firing Brodie was Jamess intention to produce a documentary on the sign-stealing scandal. Brodie was representing Bregman at a company known as Klutch sports. Like Bregman, James, a basketball player, is represented by Klutch Sports (Valenzuela, 2020). However, apart from being a basketball player, James has a budding media company known as Uninterrupted, which announced that it is producing a sign-stealing documentary. Bregman believed that James intended to hurt his feelings, and his agent Brodie was doing nothing to prevent such a move. In addition, Bregman understands that the production of the documentary is likely to awaken the illegal scandal that tainted his image (Valenzuela, 2020).

In my view, Brodie as an agent does not have control over what is being documented by James media company. So, Bregman firing his agent could be tied to other issues and not because of the documentary.

References

Kamberg, M. L. (2017). A dream job as a sports agent (1^st ed.). The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.

Valenzuela, S. (2020). Astros Alex Bregman dumps his agent because of affiliation to LeBron James: reports. New York Daily News. Web.

The given article review will primarily focus on the doping control in sports, where the selected research investigates the elite athletes perception and trust in regards to the doping system within their corresponding areas. In short, the article reveals that two-thirds of all athletes in the sample found the current national system to be satisfactory, whereas the remaining one-third had some concerns. However, a majority of the participants did not fully trust the doping system of certain countries because they thought that these nations were not strict enough in order to win medals. In addition, an athletes negative experience with the doping system made him or her highly distrustful, and the ones who rely on its effectiveness experience more frustration.

The individuals were elite athletes from various sports, and they were surveyed through a web-based questionnaire. The total number of units in the sample was equal to 645, but the response rate was 43% (Overbye 10). The first key point of the article is the fact that the majority of the elite athlete had no problems with their corresponding nation anti-doping systems. Therefore, they were mostly satisfied with how these systems operated and worked. However, they still had certain concerns about the doping system of other nations since they mainly compete internationally. The main reason is manifested in the fact that some nations do not preserve the overall strictness of the anti-doping testing measures in order to increase the chances of winning medals for the specified country.

The second key point is that the elite athletes, who had a negative experience with the doping system or witnessed its flaws, were highly distrustful of it. It is also accompanied by the notion that the athletes, who rely more on the perfect functioning of the doping system, were more frustrated with imperfections and inaccuracies (Overbye 10). In other words, the athletes coming from nations where the anti-doping system is strict and accurate do not trust the systems of other countries, and thus, feel a sense of frustration in this regard.

The article illuminates both evident and non-obvious considerations of the athletes for the doping systems across the world. The main disadvantage of the article is the fact that it primarily focuses on Danish athletes, who mostly come from a single organization. Therefore, one might argue that the sample is not fully representative of both Danish and worldwide athletes. The methodology of a web-based questionnaire allows to conduct surveys internationally, or at least within the regions of the European Union. One can also argue that athletes from nations with a higher probability of corruption in the doping systems might be less satisfied with it.

The article provides valuable insight into the key driving forces behind athletes trust or distrust in the doping system. It provides a relevant information about the fact that the ones coming from strict and less corrupt systems might be more worried about their international rivals, who undergo less strict controls. Therefore, the study was able to generalize the results in a succinct and clear manner with proper precision within the context of the data acquired. However, it lacks a certain form of credibility due to the sampling method, which focused on athletes from a single organization (Overbye 10). Such an adherence might skew the general results towards a positive two-thirds value, whereas the real estimate would be lower. Thus, the article could be useful in the profession of sports management in regards to the doping system, but one needs to question these results and rely on experience as an additional factor.

Work Cited

Overbye, Marie. Doping Control in Sport: An Investigation of How Elite Athletes Perceive and Trust the Functioning of the Doping Testing System in Their Sport. Sport Management Review, vol. 19, no. 1, 2016, pp. 6-22.

Literature Review

Recently, there have been shifting patterns of marriage and family formation. Along with an increased number of divorces, there has been a rise in the number of people choosing cohabitation over marriage (Graf, 2019; Vorster, 2008). According to Graf (2019), 59% of US adults aged 18-44 have ever cohabited, while only 50% of them have ever been married. The trend of preferring cohabitation over marriage gives rise to concern for several reasons. First, cohabiting unions demonstrate less stability over time than marriage unions (Sassler & Lichter, 2020). Second, cohabiting individuals are less satisfied with their relationships than married ones (Graf, 2019).

Vorster (2008) also points out that children in cohabiting unions are more fragile than those in married families, and cohabiting unions with children are more likely to dissolve than married ones (p. 474). At the same time, researchers emphasize the role of religion in preserving traditional marriage and family patterns (Kogan & Weißmann, 2019; Vorster, 2008). Therefore, this study will aim to answer the research question of how the degrees of religiosity are related to peoples decision to cohabit.

For the purpose of this paper, it is necessary to provide operational definitions of religiosity and cohabitation. Religiosity is defined as an expression of the intensity of individuals religious beliefs, i.e., the degree to which individuals are involved in religious practices and their religious communitys life (Kogan & Weißmann, 2019, p. 3632). It will be measured in terms of the importance of religion to individuals and will include four degrees of religiosity, ranging from not at all important to very important. Cohabitation refers to a situation when a couple shares a residence but not a marriage (Griffiths et al., 2017, p. 310). The study will investigate whether individuals of various degrees of religiosity have had an experience cohabiting.

Researchers studied various factors associated with peoples choosing cohabitation over marriage. For example, Wilson, Chambers, and Woods (2005) explored the relationship between cohabitation and race. They found that never-married African Americans were more likely to have cohabited than their never-married Caucasian counterparts (Wilson et al., 2005). Researchers also found that Caucasians were more likely to transit to marriage after cohabitation, while for African Americans, the marriage did not follow cohabitation (Wilson et al., 2005).

Mexican Americans approve of cohabitation because they see it as a precursor of marriage, while Puerto Ricans view cohabitation as an alternative to marriage (Wilson et al., 2005). Thus, culture is a significant factor influencing individuals decisions regarding union formation. Since religion is part of the culture, it may be assumed that it also has an impact on peoples choice of marriage or cohabitation.

While culture is an important factor associated with family and marriage, various studies came to the conclusion that individuals choose cohabitation over marriage for economic reasons. For example, a recent survey by Pew Research Center revealed that 38% of cohabiting adults moved in with their partners for financial reasons, and 37% of them did so for convenience (Graf, 2019). Furthermore, among those cohabiters who plan to marry someday, 29% say that their partners are not ready financially for marriage yet, and 27% argue that they themselves lack finances for marriage (Graf, 2019).

Sassler and Lichter (2020) explain this by increasing income inequality and a gap between the middle and poor classes. Since marriage requires money, it is increasingly viewed as a luxury, so cohabitation represents a cheaper alternative, a kind of poor mans marriage (Sassler & Lichter, 2020, p. 42). Hence, individuals financial position is strongly related to their decision to cohabit rather than marry.

Although various factors are associated with union formation decisions, with individuals economic situation being one of the most important of them, there is a view that religion can be the factor restraining people from cohabiting. For example, Vorster (2008) provides an overview of Christian principles related to marriage. The researcher argues that the Bible views marriage not as a private matter but as a public one (Vorster, 2008).

From this perspective, cohabitation seems questionable because it neglects the significance of a vow and disregards the involvement of the fellow Christians as witnesses of the vow, the civil authorities and the extended family (Vorster, 2008, p. 474). Vorster (2008) comes to the conclusion that current trends in union formation are damaging from the Christian point of view. Therefore, Christians and churches may try to fix the negative trends by the dissemination of Christian principles related to marriage and family.

Various scholars studied the impact of religion on individuals relationships and attitudes toward different family patterns. Kogan and Weißmann (2019) examined the association between young peoples religion and religiosity and their attitudes toward sexual liberalization and pre-marital cohabitation. The participants of their study were immigrant adolescents in four immigrant-receiving countries  Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, and England. Researchers found that individuals adhering to Christianity or Islam and having a high degree of religiosity rejected pre-marital cohabitation and sexual liberalization (Kogan & Weißmann, 2019).

Such views pertain to Christians of both majority and minority ethnic views and cannot be explained by individuals ethnic or immigrant background and socio-demographic characteristics (Kogan & Weißmann, 2019). At the same time, less religious and non-religious youth, regardless of their religious affiliation, are more tolerant of pre-marital cohabitation (Kogan & Weißmann, 2019). Kogan and Weißmann (2019) also explained why highly religious Muslims intolerance toward sexual liberation drew more public attention than zealous Christians intolerance. The reason for this is that, among Muslims, there are more highly religious individuals than among Christians, and they change their religious convictions more rarely.

Another study aimed at exploring the differences in religiosity among single persons, married individuals, and those in non-formalized relationships. It was conducted by Czy|owska, Gurba, BiaBek, Czy|owska, and Kalus (2020), who studied the sample of 302 men and 321 women in Poland. They found that people in non-formalized relationships were less religious than married individuals (Czy|owska et al., 2020).

Researchers related these results to the fact that in Catholicism, marriage was highly valuable, while non-formalized relationships were unacceptable, so highly religious people chose this type of family pattern over cohabitation. Czy|owska et al. (2020) also discovered that there was no significant difference in religiosity between married men and women, which may indicate that people select partners with similar personal values.

Overall, researchers found significant differences in the values of married and non-married people. Married individuals valued traditions and security and were inclined to limit their aspirations for the sake of their partner, while individuals in non-formalized relationships appreciated self-direction, hedonism, excitement, and novelty (Czy|owska et al., 2020). Thus, the level of religiosity and personal values constitute a considerable difference between married and cohabiting couples.

One research focused on exploring the role of religion in the relationships of cohabiting individuals. Henderson, Ellison, and Glenn (2017) found that cohabiting and dating couples sharing common religious values were more satisfied with their relationships and more willing to marry someday than other individuals. However, researchers also reported that cohabiting partners attending religious services sometimes could experience social stigma because of their religious communities unacceptance of their non-formalized relationships (Henderson et al., 2017). Hence, religion is positively associated with the quality of relationships in same-faith couples.

To sum up, peoples decision to cohabit rather than marry is related to various factors, the most prominent among which is their financial situation. Yet, studies also show that higher religiosity leads people to choose marriage over cohabitation. Research also suggests that this choice is related to individuals degree of religiosity, while religious affiliation is not very important. The reviewed studies explored the association between religiosity and the decision to cohabit in European countries and were focused mainly on young people.

Research Design

The purpose of this study is to identify whether there is a relationship between individuals degree of religiosity and their involvement in cohabitation. The literature review suggests that, although there is a persistent trend toward choosing cohabitation over marriage, religion discourages people from cohabiting. Given these findings, this study hypothesizes that the higher the degree of individuals religiosity, the less likely they are to engage in cohabitation.

The independent variable will be religiosity because it is assumed that the degree of individuals religiosity influences their decision to cohabit or marry. Griffiths et al. (2017) state that an independent variable is used for the cause and a dependent variable refers to the effect. So, the dependent variable will be peoples decision to cohabit or marry. The research method will be a survey, which is an appropriate method for researching peoples reported individual behaviors and attitudes (Griffiths et al., 2017). To measure the independent variable, the survey will contain a question about the importance of religion for a person. The importance will range from 0 to 3, with 0 meaning that religion is not important for a person, and 3 meaning that religion is very important. The dependent variable will be measured by asking peoples relationship status and attitudes toward cohabitation.

The research design for this study will be non-experimental because the independent variable, i.e., religiosity, cannot be manipulated. A sample for the survey will include people aged over 18 who are currently in relationships that last at least one year. The survey will be administered via the Internet because this method is cost-effective and allows for reaching a large number of participants. In addition, an online survey excludes the possibility of interviewer bias.

The researcher will ensure that the study will have reliability and validity. The reliability of the survey will be ensured by composing questions that cannot be interpreted ambiguously and make respondents give the same answers each time they take the survey. The validity will be ensured by measuring the religiosity of married and cohabiting individuals to study the association between religiosity and the decision to cohabit rather than marry.

References

Czy|owska, D., Gurba, E., BiaBek, A., Czy|owska, N., & Kalus, A. (2020). Young adults in relationships and singles: Religiosity and the structure of values. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 41(4), 388-405. Web.

Graf, N. (2019). Key findings on marriage and cohabitation in the U.S. Pew Research Center. Web.

Griffiths, H., Keirns, N., Strayer, E., Cody-Rydzewski, S., Scaramuzzo, G., Sadler, T., & Jones, F. (2017). Introduction to sociology 2e. Houston, TX: Rice University.

Henderson, A. K., Ellison, C. G., & Glenn, N. D. (2017). Religion and relationship quality among cohabiting and dating couples. Journal of Family Issues, 39(7), 1904-1932. Web.

Kogan, I., & Weißmann, M. (2019). Religion and sexuality: Between- and within-individual differences in attitudes to pre-marital cohabitation among adolescents in four European countries. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(17), 3630-3654. Web.

Sassler, S., & Lichter, D. T. (2020). Cohabitation and marriage: Complexity and diversity in unionformation patterns. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 35-61. Web.

Vorster, J. M. (2008). Christian ethical perspectives on marriage and family life in modern Western culture. HTS, 64(1), 463-481.

Wilson, M. N., Chambers, A. L., & Woods, L. N. (2005). Fathers in African American families: The importance of social and cultural context. In W. M. Pinsof & J. L. Lebow (Eds.), Family psychology: The art of the science (pp. 327-348). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Physical culture and exercise play a vital role in peoples lives. It becomes a fundamental part of improving the health and well-being of a person and a key factor in developing the psychological state of an individual (Sparks et al. 2). With such meaningful participation in sports in human life, many people do not even think about a strong connection between physics and sports. In almost every sport, the laws of physics are present and applied.

The sport itself originally appeared in England, where carriers competed with each other, who were absolute professionals relative to other people. Initially, neither the vessels nor the so-called athletes themselves were similar to the sport that is now called sports rowing. Later, much was done to make the bulky and clumsy boats develop high speeds. Lighter materials were used to manufacture academic boats, making the vessels narrower and more streamlined. Additionally, a significant advance in rowing was the invention of a movable seat  bank, which made it possible to use all the strength of the legs.

During rowing, athletes use the muscles not only of the arms but also of the legs and back. The rowing itself is cyclical; the movements performed on the line on which the athletes  vessel moves are repeated and performed with the strength and speed fixed by the athlete. All the work that takes place during rowing aims to overcome wind resistance and resist the friction force of water and air. That is why, through the deepening of knowledge about the connection of academic rowing with physics, it is possible to eliminate some athletes mistakes and improve the teams results.

Modern academic vessels are divided into swing and pair vessels. Doubles are singles, twos, and fours; in pairs, the athlete rows with two oars, in the swing  with one. However, it should not be considered that it is easier to grow in a rowboat. There is only one paddle, but it is much longer and heavier than other ones. The size and weight of the boats vary depending on the athlete and his weight and height. Most miniature boats have high maneuverability and are convenient for use by a minimum number of athletes. The advantage of long twenty-meter boats is fast speed gain, many athletes, and close work between the competition participants.

This division of vessels is not accidental; it allows rowers with different physical characteristics to show their capabilities. In singles, for example, athletes with excellent coordination and a propensity for independent decisions usually succeed. On deuces with a coxswain, the rowers are more often tall, with great physical strength. In the top eight, trainers prefer to put athletes distinguished by their tightness and sense of rhythm. The correct position of the body is such that the back, during the start, is slightly pushed forward, the shoulders are relaxed and extended, the handles of the oars are held only by the fingers, the hand and forearm create a straight line (Labbé et al. 6). The rower should look in front of him so that oxygen will flow into the lungs, which will help avoid an accident.

There are two main points  this is the beginning and end of the stroke. The beginning is characterized by the entrance, the water hook with the oars, and the stroke itself. The end of the stroke is a position where the torso and legs form an obtuse angle, and the handles should approach the lower ribs. That is followed by the removal of the oars from the water and recovery. After that, cycling occurs, and the athlete continues to alternate these actions, that is, to row, until he comes to the finish line.

The force of resistance can help the rower and hinder since most of the more remarkable resistance comes from the wind. Therefore, turning the paddle blade by scrolling the handle becomes very important: we change it to the horizontal one from the vertical position. It will also increase the boats stability due to maintaining the exact distance of the blades from the water. The force of friction affects the boats movement on the water. That happens because even despite the most significant efforts of the rowers, if the force and maneuverability were not correctly positioned, the rowers would not be able to maintain balance on the boat. If the action of water and air did not hinder the boats movement, the boat would move evenly and straightforwardly for an unlimited time.

It is also important to note the effect of the physical force of the lever on more efficient control and movement of the boat. The lever is used to get more force on the short shoulder by using less force on the extended shoulder. In rowing, the second lever principle is used for more movement on the long shoulder with less movement on the short one. As an example, the influence of knowledge about physical properties on rowing is manifested during movement. For example, to increase the intensity of rowing and the boats speed, it is essential to increase the speed of the stroke and not the speed of preparation for it. That is achieved by the fact that the blade is in the water for less time, and, accordingly, braking is reduced due to water resistance.

Rowing is a beautiful sport, and the main difference between kayaks and canoes is the boats unique design. The movable seat allows sportspeople to bend their legs at the knees. Due to this, the muscles of the lower extremities are included in the work. At the same time, an extensive range of movements increases the load on the chest and shoulder girdle muscles. A particular stroke stretches the muscles of the back and abs. Classical rowing develops the entire human muscular system. Academic rowing is a challenging sport, both technically and physically. To achieve great success, athletes need to be solid and hardy to withstand all the loads and intelligent and resourceful to master the technique and adequately tune in to the race.

To conclude, due to the reasons listed above, it is so important to know the laws of physics that affect the objects around people. Each athlete or even a group of athletes can improve their results by applying them in practice because of their knowledge. It is also essential to correct the movements to an ideal state and bring them to be automatic. Those athletes who were able to feel the full force of the movements and the correctness of their execution can become real champions. Thus, by combining intelligence and strength, each athlete will become part of what will lead the entire team to victory.

References

Labbé, Romain, et al. Physics of Rowing Oars. New Journal of Physics, vol. 21, no. 9, 2019, pp. 1-12.

Sparks, Katherine V., et al. Conscious Processing and Rowing: A Field Study. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2021, pp. 117. Web.

The case study under consideration is entitled Supporting the Organizations Mission (The Georges Hotel). It was created by Myrna Gusdorf in 2013. The author describes the current issues connected with the staffs behavior. The peculiar feature of the hotel is that it is run by the Mitchel Family. The case starts with the brief overview of the hotel and the Garden Terrace Restaurant. The hotel has one hundred sixty-three guest rooms that are served by seventy employees. Thirty-five employees work at the Garden Terrace Restaurant.

Owners of the Georges Hotel are Jeff and Chad Mitchell  two brothers that were involved in the hospitality business since childhood. Their parents had a motel, and boys grew up there. Jeff Mitchel was interested in a hospitality business since childhood. Jeff could do anything including cleaning rooms or sweeping the yard because he was passionate about working in hotels. On the contrary, Chad did not like this business, and he was not eager to help his family. Currently, Jeff is a chief executive officer at the Georges Hotel while Chad is a vice president of the community relations. Brothers attitude towards the hospitality business did not change. Jeff is ready to devote all his time and efforts to the work while Chad prefers playing golf and spending days in some other places. Chads wife, Cindy, saves the situation by executing her husbands responsibilities. Cindy is the director of human resources. Cindy is well-respected by other employees, and she is an excellent partner for Jeff.

Most of the employees are family members. Relatives and friends are employed throughout the hotel. Such situation occurred spontaneously. As a director of human resources, Cindy always preferred hiring by referral. She believed that it was the best way to find the right people. Even now, when the hotel has an available job offer, Cindy tries to hire by referral. Jeff, Chad, and Cindy have emphasized the significance of the family relations in the hotels mission. According to the case study, The hotels mission promises guests exemplary service and a memorable hotel experience. For employees, it promises a superior work environment and continued support for a satisfying career (Gusdorf, 2013, p. 5). Family members are often invited to lunches or parties organized by the hotel.

Jeff plans to build another hotel and establish a multiunit organization in several cities. However, Cindy is worried that the successful operation of several hotels cannot be achieved with the help of the current approach to human resources management. For example, the Georges Hotel does not have an employee handbook, policies, strict supervision, and structured procedure for complaints. Cindy realizes that the principle of nepotism has become valuable for this hotel, but it is not appropriate for the multiunit organization. Several cases prove that fact. For instance, being hired by a family member makes people think that they cannot be fired. As a result, they avoid hard work and any attempts to improve their performance. The work of supervisors seems to be useless as far as they cannot discipline members of their family. Cindy believes that she should find a way to solve these issues before opening a new hotel.

The second part of the case study is devoted to the description of the recent changes and the conflict that occurred at the restaurant. The restaurant was remodeled into an upscale establishment. New employees from culinary art school were hired to improve the quality of services. However, newcomers do not like long-time servers. New employees consider that others are not professional enough. Long-term servers do not favor young employees too. The major conflict occurred between a new employee Greg and a long-time expediter Estelle. Estelle frequently returned plates with wrong garnishes to Greg, and he thought that she tried to sabotage him. Greg received a complaint from the client recently. He had lost his temper and talked to the client using abusive language. Then, Greg came into the kitchen and started yelling at Estelle.

Reference

Gusdorf, M. (2013). Supporting the Organizations Mission (The Georges Hotel). Alexandria, VA: SHRM Publishing.

Prototype in life design infers getting a short preview of the possible future by gathering information on the topic from experts and experiencing a portion of that future to understand reality and perspectives better. It includes conceptualizing and arranging, then, at that point, encountering the expected future to check whether it fits you. School has instructed the majority of us to act based on general principles without a clear vision of reality, yet those are not extremely helpful mentalities when an individual is attempting to experiment. All things considered, prototype in life design is about pragmatism, and it implies individuals should begin with compassion and incline toward their interests.

As an example of prototyping in the life process, design can be my choice for becoming a paralegal. The time it takes to acquire legitimate information and to prepare is a big contribution. I will need to be certain that the chosen sphere merits my time. To begin, I will have a general analysis for some time to become familiar with information about filling in as a paralegal. It will be helpful to ask for some guidance from the actual paralegals and the legal counselors who enlist them. Taking interviews and asking about the details that are not provided anywhere else is a good approach for prototyping. I will utilize this expert opinion to assist me with settling on a wise, well-thought choice. It is consistently helpful to have all data in a single spot (Miller, 2021).

The path of becoming a paralegal is different for everyone. The requirements and documentation necessary to get hired as a paralegal significantly vary from one state to another (Miller, 2021). Consequently, I need to meet as many experts as possible to acquire dependable information that takes after the truth. Then, at that point, I may apply to a temporary position experience, which will permit me to apply hypothetical knowledge to a pragmatic setting, exhibiting my comprehension of lawful statutes and their capacity to work as a genuine paralegal. Temporary positions may likewise furnish me with freedoms to arrange and conceivably procure regular work post-graduation.

I agree with the concept that prototyping is tied in with rejuvenating reasonable or hypothetical thoughts and investigating their true effects before executing them. Rethinking also ensures that individuals are dealing with the right issue. Life configuration includes a lot of reframing that permits them to venture back, look at their inclinations and open up new spaces for opportunities. Rethinking is fundamental for tracking down the right issues and the right arrangements. There should be something in-between planning and actualization of the goal. On that account, prototyping in life design is about making sure that an individuals goal is sensible and feasible.

I like that you emphasize the importance of testing a persons interests according to the real circumstances and whether they can be implemented in real life. Prototyping comes in by giving a lot of devices and approaches for appropriately testing and investigating thoughts before a large number of assets gets utilized. Before anyone starts investing energy and resources into planning his or her optimal life, it is necessary to figure out how to adopt the thought processes of an originator. Similar to the provided example of becoming a potter, people first need interaction. This planning cycle would permit them to distinguish what they truly need to change and how they can approach making it.

References

Miller, R. (2021). Paralegal today the legal team at work. Cengage Learning.