Category: LGBTQ

Introduction

The perspective on homosexuality has been skewed significantly by the presence of biases and the lack of tolerance among the general population. As a result, homosexual people have been subjected to massive oppression. Though presently, much more lenient and accepting perspectives on homosexuality are promoted, the specified demographic remains highly vulnerable and struggles to be accepted, which can be seen as the direct product of biases within the current religious discourse on the subject matter. Though Balswick and Balswick (2022) offer a sympathetic perspective on the challenges faced by homosexual people, they still communicate the idea that homosexual behaviors represent a sin and can be corrected, which generally aligns with the Scripture.

Discussion

The point of view that Balswick and Balswick (2022) offer is admittedly more lenient than most of the ideas regarding homosexuality that the Bible promotes, yet the general concept of encouraging a change of behaviors remains the same. Specifically, the Bible straightforwardly prohibits homosexual intercourse by stating that it is sinful and morally reprehensive in the Biblical tradition: Do not have sexual relations with a man as one does with a woman; that is detestable (The Bible, New International Version, 1984, Leviticus 18:22).

The described sentiment is geared directly to the promotion of behavior correction that forces homosexual people to hide their identity. While the specified statement does not imply conversion therapy directly, it implies that homosexual people should conceal their sexual urges and needs, therefore, presenting themselves as straight people.

In comparison, Balswick and Balswick (2022) communicate an obviously milder yet equally rigid statement concerning the necessity for gay people to hide their identity and sexual urges. Specifically, Balswick and Balswick (2022) state that There is a need to constantly rely on Gods spiritual presence to deal with the temptations and follow through on the behavioral commitments through reliance on the Holy Spirit (p. 79). The specified opinion, while being phrased in a manner that encourages sympathy and compassion for homosexual people, still implies that homosexual behaviors and attractions are sinful and, therefore, need to be contained (Ramly & Ab Mutalib, 2019). Thus, while the author provides a much more sympathetic way of treating homosexuals, the presence of biases toward them, as well as the lack of tolerance, is still evident.

Consequently, the perspective that the author offers aligns with the dominant narrative of the Biblical discourse regarding homosexuality. Indeed, even when considering the issue from a variety of perspectives, one will recognize the undeniable promotion of biases toward homosexual people in the Bible. For instance, Balswick and Balswick (2022) confirm that the Biblical narrative regarding homosexuality is mostly disapproving thereof: a person finds a new identity in Jesus Christ and rejects a homosexual identity (p. 79). Admittedly, the presence of different interpretations of the original source allows for a broader discussion of the issue. Specifically, a recent article claims that in Leviticus, there are no passages that clearly address homosexuality as contemporary cultures understand it (Jarosz, 2021-2022, p. 34).

The absence of a direct condemnation of homosexuality in the specified part of the Scripture suggests that, as the Biblical narrative progresses, its perspectives on homosexuality become more tolerant. Nonetheless, the promotion of behavioral change in homosexuals present in Leviticus is strikingly similar to the perspective represented by Balswick and Balswick (2022).

Conclusion

While Balswick and Balswick (2022) encourage empathy toward homosexual people due to the oppression that they face, the chapters in question still promote the concept of conversion, namely, the idea that homosexuality can be reduced to behaviors that can be corrected. The described point of view does not align with the Scripture, which actively encourages abolishing homosexuality.

References

Balswick, J. K., & Balswick, J. O. (2022). Authentic human sexuality: An integrated Christian approach. InterVarsity Press.

Jarosz, I. (2021-2022). Homosexuality in Leviticus: A Historical-Literary-Critical Analysis. James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ), 9(1), 4.

Ramly, R. M., & Ab Mutalib, M. M. (2019). Dynamic changes in the interpretation of homosexuality and its pusnishment In Christianiy: A prelimineray study. Perdana: International Journal of Academic Research, 6(2), 101-108.

The Bible (New International Version). (1984). Zondervan.

Introduction

Same-sex marriages is a union that takes place between two people who belong to the same social gender or similar biological sex. On the other hand, the word gay is used when referring to a person who is a homosexual. Gays share a common characteristic and lifestyle, since they are attracted to individuals of the same sex. Another term that is linked to the concept of homosexuality is lesbianism, a romantic attracting among women.

Gays are men who are sexually attracted to other males, thus practicing homosexuality. In fact, many people consider gay relationship to be of lesser harm than that of heterosexuals. The question, debate and politics of same-sex marriages have been in the public domain for quite a long time in the United States.

This has seen the emergence of two schools of thought, namely the proponents of same-sex marriages, who generally include gays and gays and their opponents. In comparison to William Bennetts article, Against Gay Marriage, Andrew Sullivan puts a stronger argument for adoption of gay marriages.

Analysis of the Arguments for/Against Gay Marriages

The bottom line being moral values, the major concern is whether morality and ethical values are enough to discriminate against these particular social groups, or should ones sexual orientation accord his or her state discrimination, whereby the state prohibits to accord any form of recognition to gays, but before taking a clear stand on the matter, it is important to weigh the extent to which gays can be considered evil, and whether or not they should be accorded.

Many opponents of gays are always concerned with how and where same-sex marriage couples get their children. One of the most common sources is the viro-technology that enables women to lease their womb, or even exchange their ova to create a complex and complicated manner of family relations in order to get babies. This also raises the controversial question of test tube babies, which is heavily criticized for degrading basic human values.

Same-sex couples in the US go to such extremes in an attempt to get their own children, and these desperate measures can be said to be the cause of their opposition. In this regard, William J. Bennett puts opposes gay marriages, because of moral reasons. He cited that parents who want their children to be taught (for both moral and utilitarian reasons) the privileged status of heterosexual marriage will be portrayed as intolerant bigots; they will necessarily be at odds with the new law of matrimony and its derivative curriculum (Bennett 2).

Even though, Bennett had some valid claims against gay marriage, it can still be argued that Sullivans arguments for gay marriages are stronger. Moreover, Andrew Sullivan argued that:

It would be an unqualified social good for homosexuals. It provides role models for young gay people, who, after exhilaration of coming out, can easily lapse into short term relationships and insecurity with no tangible goal in sight. My own guess is that most homosexuals would embrace such a goal (if not more) commitment as heterosexuals (Sullivan 257).

It is evident from this statement that Andrew Sullivan supports gay marriage, but he asserts the idea that this form of union should be legalized to reduce relationship insecurity gaps. To this end, Andrew ascertains that legal gay marriage could also help bridge the gulf often found between homosexuals and their parents. It could bring the essence of gay life, a gay couple, into the heart of a traditional family in a way the family can most understand and the gay offspring can most easily acknowledge (Sullivan 257).

The reason why William Bennett rejected same-sex marriages is because he defined marriage as a legal and religious commitment between a man and a woman, and thus many are not able to accept same-sex marriages. He emphasized that Recognizing the legal union of gay and lesbian couples would represent a profound change in the meaning and definition of marriage. Indeed, it would be the most radical step ever taken in the deconstruction of societys most important institution. It is not a step we ought to take ( Bennett 1).

However, proponents of same-sex marriage argue that the United States Constitution clearly states that an individuals religious affiliation or lack of it must be at all times protected, and by citing the Constitution, they attempt to tell those who oppose same-sex marriages that this is not a sin. Therefore, it can be argued that denying them legal marriage means that their religious freedom is denied since no one should be forced into a particular religious belief.

Therefore, they should be allowed. The proponents of same-sex marriages argue that nobody should be hurt by a marriage of two people. It is simply a relationship and nobody elses business, as it is a personal commitment and the concerned persons feel that if the church or some particular groups of people do not agree with the act, it is their right to express their dissatisfaction, but not to stop it.

Marriage is considered to be more than just a legal status, as it involves several issues that affect individuals, for instance, inheritance rights (Sullivan 256). A critical medical decision that might need an immediate family member or a spouse to approve denies same-sex marriage couples the opportunity to be considered a legal union. This puts the gay or gays in a difficult situation, since it is against societal norms and cultural values for the same-sex proponents to demand legal recognition.

In fact, the current economic situation requires help and support from both the husband and wife, that is, sharing household utility bills. Just like those who are married, same-sex couples need to support each other in difficult times, thus it becomes absolutely necessary that they are legally bound as husband and wife. Therefore, it should send a clear message to those who are opposed to same-sex marriages to understand their humanity.

In conclusion, the fact that gays are denied an opportunity to legalize their marriage means that a minority group of individuals is being discriminated against, which is a violation of respect for the rights of a minority group in the US. This means that same-sex couples file joint tax returns back to the state. Since this revenue goes towards funding the government budget expenditure, it is not fair for the federal government to refuse to legalize same-sex marriages.

The bureaucracy that same-sex couples have to go through is not always justified. It is a tedious, time-consuming and discriminatory process, since couples are required to fill out many forms. This discourages same-sex marriages, and the federal government should take into account that these people are law-abiding citizens who remit their taxes without fail. In this regards, Andrew Sullivans assertions for gay marriages should be embraced since they presented stronger claims.

Works Cited

Bennett, William. Against Gay Marriage, New York, NY: CDE Publishers, 2002. Print.

Sullivan, Andrew 2000, Virtually Normal. PDF file.

This work is devoted to the United States of Americas policy to accept representatives of the LGBT community into the ranks of the US Armed Forces. The study examined integrating LGBT people into the army and identified the main points that influenced the formation of acceptance to gays, lesbians, and transsexuals. The most significant change in attitudes towards LGBT people in the US military came under President Obama, who overturned previous decrees that banned publicity of same-sex relationships.

President Trump has overturned many of his predecessors regulations and, in particular, banned transgender people from military service. Despite some restrictions in force to this day, using this works example, it is possible to trace the positive dynamics to LGBT people in the US Armed Forces. It is assumed that the new US President Biden will make the service for LGBT representatives as safe and accessible as possible.

In the twentieth century, homosexuality and other non-traditional orientation manifestations served as the basis for excluding a soldier from the army. During the Vietnam War, some Americans deliberately pretended to be gay to not get into the military ranks. Transgender people could not serve in the military, enshrined in the corresponding order of 1963, where they were ranked as people with behavioral disorders manifested in transvestism (Donaldson et al., 2019, p. 186).

Bill Clinton initiated the lifting of the ban on the admission of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) people to the army. Under him, the principle of Dont ask, dont tell was introduced in the Armed Forces, according to which homosexuality is not an obstacle to serving as long as homosexuals do not disclose their orientation (Donaldson et al., 2019, p. 187). That is, gays, lesbians, and bisexuals, and transgender people were forbidden to talk about their orientation  otherwise, they were dismissed from the army. Over time, attitudes towards homosexuals gradually changed for the better, representatives of LGBT people were allowed to serve, and their pressure decreased.

In 2006, the US Department of Defense officially recognized that homosexuality is not a mental disorder. Open homosexuals and other members of the LGBT community were still prohibited from serving in the Armed Forces since, in the militarys opinion, their presence could violate discipline. In 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law repealing the Dont ask, dont tell rule. Openly gay, lesbian, and bisexual men were allowed to serve in the US Armed Forces. However, transgender people remained in the gray zone  their condition was still classified as a psychosexual disorder (Donaldson et al., 2019, 188). Therefore, the serving conditions for various LGBT members were different.

In 2014, a particular advisory group organized by think tank Palm Center concluded that there were no medical barriers to transgender service in the military. This was followed by special directives from the Army, Air Force, and Navy to protect transgender military personnel from dismissal. In 2015, the American Medical Association also participated in their protection. Finally, on June 30, 2016, the ban on transgender service in the Armed Forces was officially lifted, as Defense Secretary Ashton Carter announced.

The President of the United States decided to repeal the decree on the admission of transgender people to service in July 2017. Politico sources said the presidents decision was influenced by conservatives from the Republican Party, threatening to execute plans to build a wall on Mexicos border and increase the military budget (Donaldson et al., 2019). In August 2017, the band officially came into force, the president instructed Secretary of Defense James Mattis and Secretary of Homeland Security Elaine Duke to ensure that the decree is implemented by February 21, 2018 (Donaldson et al., 2019). By this time, the defense department had to decide whether to keep in the ranks of the US Armed Forces transgender people who had entered military service before the publication of the presidential order.

In terms of medical perspective, transgender service does cost the US military millions of dollars. The state is obliged to provide hormone therapy to the soldiery, and, in some states, to cover the expenditures on gender reassignment surgery. However, the share of medical expenses for transgender people is negligible  from $ 2.4 million to $ 8.4 million per year, equivalent to 0.04-0.13% of the total health budget for soldiers (Donaldson et al., 2019).

Members of the LGBT community certainly want an army environment in which their sexual orientation will not negatively impact them. Despite the partial acceptance of gays, lesbians, and transgender people in the US military system, many are still reluctant to reveal their identity due to security concerns. While there are no incidents that indicate a problem, this behavior is driven by feelings and assumptions that recognizing ones self-orientation may entail risks in the workplace.

Despite legal acts allowing representatives of the LGBT community to serve in the US Army, such service members still do not have complete freedom and confidence in their safety. First of all, this behavior is social prejudice, guided by which people behave aggressively towards those who are different. One of the main problems associated with this fact is the threat of violence and humiliation against LGBT people in the army. Regardless of current legislation, some population segments will have a negative attitude towards people practicing same-sex relationships. To overcome confrontation, first of all, it takes time to accept fully.

The ban on the service of transgender people in the US military is not the first signal that the Trump administration has sent to the American LGBT community. Before winning the 2016 elections, Trump positioned himself as a person ready to listen to the problems of sexual minorities, which, in principle, is not typical for representatives of the conservative Republican Party. But after moving to the White House, the 45^th president did a lot to reverse many measures in favor of LGBT people taken by his predecessor Obama (Donaldson et al., 2019). Immediately after the inauguration, the section on the rights of sexual minorities was removed from the White House website.

Then the topic of Pride  a month dedicated to the rights of the LGBT community and the fight against homophobia and transphobia  was ignored. In February 2017, Trump withdrew an Obama directive protecting the rights of transgender schoolchildren to use toilets and bathrooms that are consistent with their gender identity.

The new President of the United States is positioning himself as a supporter of openness and equality. Even though at the moment, there have been no directives from the Biden administration regarding the legalization and acceptance of LGBT people into the ranks of the US army, it can be assumed that such a decision will be made during the presidential term. The recent taking can explain the lack of current measures over the presidency. In general, over the past forty years, one can trace an exact positive dynamic towards the LGBT community in the US Armed Forces.

Reference

Donaldson, W., Smith, H. M., & Parrish, B. P. (2019). Serving all who served: Piloting an online tool to support cultural competency with LGBT US Military veterans in long-term care. Clinical Gerontologist, 42(2), 185-191.

Introduction

The social conditions make people live according to the moral consent to behave rightly not to be blamed or condemned by others. A man still makes up his mind in the American society where to go when it is considered that you are not the same as others. The prohibition of the vast majority of people to simply present somebodys homosexuality is a core problem of modern society as well as it possesses a danger of rights violation.

J. Baldwins literal prospects on the issue

From the ancient times people have examples of homosexual love interpreted in peoples everyday life along with the antique myths where there are some points on the issue. This was a distinctive feature of another way of thinking, feeling, acting etc. Today people made many obstacles on the way of facilitation of love and passion which two men or women experience towards each other. Facts are stubborn thing.

That is why the paper is dedicated to the problem of gay and lesbian discrimination within the communities of people living in different countries. The approach of adherence to literature sources demonstrating such relationships between people it is significant to analyze different works of some authors standing in their works for the struggle against sexual discrimination in the society and the United States, in particular. The works of James Baldwin, Radclyffe Hall, Andrew Holleran along with some paralleled glimpses of other writers are under analysis in order to show how the problem of homosexuality discrimination is drawing to a head during the twentieth century and how it is rejected in the contemporary society.

When there is no direct agreement in the communities towards resolving this or that social inequity or breach of justice then creative and responsible people with not indifferent position as for the situation begin intending people to rethink it throughout the power of a word. Such attempts were at disposal of many social figures in different times of mankind development. The thing is that publications are colored with aesthetic shapes striving to touch upon peoples souls.

A. Holleran to depict gay culture

With regards to gay or lesbian culture it is known that such concepts are laughed at within the majority of people. Even Film-making industry urges to single out the ridiculous moments concerning gays. Richard Dyer in his publication writes: It is not surprising then that the genres in which gays most often appear are horror films and comedy. (Dyer 30) The social control makes the main character of J. Baldwin book, David, to escape from the society full of different types of discrimination including sexual one. David is an alien, who needs, as it is naturally outlined for every human being, love, appropriate attitude from the side of his beloved person.

When the relationships with his girl failed, he meets Giovanni with whom he falls in love. The Sexual Revolution in Europe in the middle of the twentieth century gave a fresh breath for the sexual minorities to express their subcultures widely in the society, so the place where David feels satisfied is Paris, the city of love. The idea of the book once more emphasizes the results of the culture which violates those who go apart with its moral standards. This idea runs across the book by Andrew Holleran.

Dancer from the Dance is a work in which for the first time in the United States the culture of gays was depicted with several specific attributes as manners, style, language, attitudes. It is considered to happen in the disco club where gay community is described to be peaceful and normal for the society as well. The author objects in his narration any silly attempts of some people in the novel to blame gays as it is seen in movies. Many editors concerning a convincing reality of homosexual spread were against Hollerans book. Stereotyping and social control are the factors according to which gays cannot feel free. The effect deepens due to the current problem of racial discrimination.

R. Hall with emphasis on the lesbian rejection

The unequal attitude towards lesbians is another side of one medal as of the issue concerned. Adrianne Rich in her article points out the psychological explanation of womens homosexuality due to the social conditions in family and in outer relationships. The perpetual desire of the society to blame lesbians is treated by her due to the fact that lesbians have historically been deprived of a political existence through inclusion as female versions of male homosexuality. (Rich 323)

Radclyffe Hall sees no ridiculous moments in the state of homosexuality and struggles in her The Well of Loneliness with the social isolation and attempts of many people to make a comedy out of it. This, of course, cannot but make the author stand against the prohibition of lesbian existence. The extent of inversion depicts in the novel written between two World Wars the idea of lesbian ability to express more love and passion than it can be suggested in a case with a man.

Nancy Chodorow in her publications due to the psychoanalysis theory by Freud determines a fair liability of a woman to feel love towards another woman, because the mother remains a primary internal object [sic] to the girl, so that heterosexual relationships are on the model of a nonexclusive, second relationship, for her& (Cited in Rich 320)

Conclusion

Thus, the problem of sexual discrimination due to its high level in the US is widely observed by many authors sharing this problem on the personal examples. The ubiquitous social control, isolation and alienation of homosexuals is the core element of inequality from which many representatives of sexual minorities are suffering every now and then.

Works cited

Baldwin, James. Giovannis Room. Delta Trade Paperbacks, 1956.

Dyer, Richard. Gays and Film. New York Zoetrope. 1984.

Hall, Radclyffe. Well of Loneliness. Wordsworth Editions, 2005.

Holleran, Andrew. Dancer from the dance: a novel. Plume, 1986.

Rich, Adrienne. Compulsoy Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence. Oxford Press. 1997.

Stigma and prejudice about a particular group of people may cause adverse consequences for their health and overall quality of life. For example, the LGBTQ community has worse health outcomes than heterosexual people (Zajac & Godshall, 2020). Specifically, the LGBTQ population is at greater risk of developing mental health issues as panic disorder, anxiety, and depression, with an increased suicide rate among these people (Kaniuka et al., 2019). The main reasons for more prominent suicidal behavior among LGBTQ groups were stigma and discrimination (Aranmolate et al., 2017). The LQBTQ population often reports financial insecurity and lack of health insurance (Sachdeva et al., 2021). This disparity in access to healthcare places this community at risk of developing complications from untreated chronic diseases and mental issues. Therefore, the health problems of the LGBTQ community should be widely explored to reduce discrimination against these people and provide additional support in obtaining healthcare.

Stigmatization of the LGBTQ population should be stopped to improve health outcomes in these people. I selected this group for research because every person has the right to choose ones sexual orientation without being stigmatized. Furthermore, I could not leave the issue of annual suicides committed by LGBTQ people in my neighborhood. The main reason for those suicides was always social pressure. Indeed, research shows that social isolation and interpersonal dysfunction are significant contributors to suicidal behavior (Kaniuka et al., 2019). Conversely, representatives of the LGBTQ community who had personal support had a low risk of developing mental health issues (Kaniuka et al., 2019). I was excited to learn about specific factors to improve mental health outcomes among these people. I found that feeling connected to a community, lack of judgment, and access to mental health services are protective against suicidal behavior among the LGBTQ population. In this project, I want to conduct an anonymous online survey among students about their understanding of healthcare access among these marginalized groups and suggestions for improvement.

Overall, the LGBTQ community is often stigmatized in society which prevents them from getting appropriate healthcare. Mental health issues are more common in this group of people compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Suicides are considered the primary cause of death in this population because they often cannot access therapy. In my research, I found that social attachment is protective against suicides among the LGBTQ population. However, more research needs to be conducted to understand the comprehension of this problem among students.

References

Aranmolate, R., Bogan, D. R., Hoard, T., & Mawson, A. R. (2017). Suicide risk factors among LGBTQ youth. JSM Schizophrenia, 2(2), 1-4.

Kaniuka, A., Pugh, K. C., Jordan, M., Brooks, B., Dodd, J., Mann, A. K., Williams, S. L., & Hirsch, J. K. (2019). Stigma and suicide risk among the LGBTQ population: Are anxiety and depression to blame and can connectedness to the LGBTQ community help? Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 23(2), 205220. Web.

Sachdeva, I., Aithal, S., Yu, W., Toor, P., & Tan, J. (2021). The disparities faced by the LGBTQ+ community in times of COVID-19. Psychiatry Research, 297, 1-2. Web.

Zajac, C., & Godshall, K. C. (2020). Empowerment through accessibility: Community needs assessment data for LGBTQ communities. Social Work in Public Health, 35(6), 483493. Web.

Gender identity is one of the most important aspects of every humans life. A persons gender is usually determined at birth and becomes a social and legal fact from this moment. However, a moderate number of people have problems with the gender assigned to them at birth  transgender people. Multiple ongoing debates within feminist studies and theories resulted in the development of a queer theory that legitimized the identities of transgender people.¹ The change of physical appearance or function through clothing, medical, surgical, or other means often becomes part of the personal gender experience of a transgender person.

In the April of 2021, the state of Arkansas became the first state in the United States that banned the use of medical treatments by individuals younger than 18 years old that identified themselves as transgender. The concerns of healthcare providers centered around the age, development, and mental health of youth. Besides, the healthcare providers questioned the youths maturity, as well as their insight.² The Republican bill is purposed to limit the prescription of hormone therapy for gender confirming as well as the surgeries for it and the prescriptions for puberty-blocking medications. The bill also prevents the doctors ability to refer transgender patients to other healthcare providers.

Following Arkansas steps, fourteen other states introduced another 22 bills with restrictions for transgender youth. Some even criminalized transgender surgical procedures claiming them as unlawful and abusive as well as the medical treatments for transgender minors. The bills sponsors and lawmakers defend their cases with the claim that the law protects youth from untimely decisions, as they are not mature enough for those. However, many healthcare providers felt the majority of youth who presented for care were well informed and had the insight necessary to consent to hormone therapy.³ The experts sound the alarm: the transgender community already has exceedingly high risks for both mental and physical health; with these laws in action, the danger rate will skyrocket.

The issue of transgender rights in the USA was always a difficult one. Despite the slow but steady expansion of the LGBTQ+ protection rights, transgender people still face all kinds of discrimination in almost every part of their lives. Transgender individuals comprise a part of society that is deeply vulnerable and constantly faces refusal to access equitable healthcare. ⁴ The issues continue and keep reappearing despite the new societal nonverbal policy of protection surrounding an individuals gender identification. The problems in the health department are plenty: HIV/AIDS and health inequalities, bureaucratic and economic barriers to gender transition that involve ridiculously high costs of the surgical treatments, and a copious amount of documents needed.

The political debates around the case of transgender people never seem to cease. The major concerns center around the gender-affirming health care and medical personnel involved in care for transgender patients.⁵ During Trumps presidency, a variety of anti-discrimination laws was canceled; now, with Biden at the helm, the legal protection is slowly coming back. However, with such wildly varying laws, there is no confidence in the future for trans people.

Historically, the transgender community was always the least protected from the outrages of the government. In the late sixties, even the famous Stonewall-Inn, a refuge for all queer folk of New York City, was not that safe for trans people. The burden of medical pathology separated transgender people from the support of other LGB folks.⁶ Moreover, for a long time, due to disagreements within the LGBTQ+ community, no one recalled that Sylvia Rivera originally started the riot.

Despite all hardships, the transgender people did not want to hide anymore. Transgender people kept moving against the stream to the desired transgender visibility, and on the way, they have formed a strong community. The community formed activist organizations designed to promote transgender visibility in order to encourage further research into medical procedures required for gender confirmation.⁷ At the same time, trans-exclusive radical feminists try so hard to erase the experience of gender non-conforming people. Trans people remain the most vulnerable and harassed social group even now.

The question that raises the most discussions about trans rights is this: are transgender minors mature enough to consent to hormonal therapy? The scientific reasoning and empirical evidence state that it is justified to grant the youth a chance to decide whether they need gender affirming therapy.⁸ However, the bills promoted by the Republicans claim that their main concern is the wellbeing of the children  the minors are not adults, and that is why they cannot decide for themselves.

With all the evidence of transgender minors being able to decide for themselves the necessity of hormonal therapy and surgical treatment, one might have thought that there is no point in further discussion. However, the reports point to the need for the affirming climate for the trans youth, as that the absence of validation from family and school outcomes in further mental health problems.⁹ Without governmental help, it is difficult enough to create a healthy environment for gender non-conforming youth, but if the laws are against it, too, it becomes nearly impossible.

The continuous back-and-forth play of the governments policies and agendas exhausts the community. The insecurity about the nearest future only adds to the general anxiety that transgender people experience on a daily basis. The potential barriers to care for health disparities could be excluded by the simple understanding of multiple peoples intersection of minority identities.¹⁰ It is obvious that transgender people do not fully benefit from their basic rights, both at the level of legal guarantees and in everyday life. Therefore, it is necessary to study this situation more closely.

References

Call, David C., Mamatha Challa, and Cynthia J. Telingator. Providing Affirmative Care to Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth: Disparities, Interventions, and Outcomes. Current Psychiatry Reports 23, no. 6 (2021). Web.

Clark, Beth A., and Alice Virani. This Wasnt a Split-Second Decision: An Empirical Ethical Analysis of Transgender Youth Capacity, Rights, and Authority to Consent to Hormone Therapy. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 18, no. 1 (2021): 15164.

Martos, Alexander J., Patrick A. Wilson, and Ilan H. Meyer. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Health Services in the United States: Origins, Evolution, and Contemporary Landscape. PLOS ONE 12, no. 7 (2017).

Walch, Abby, Caroline Davidge-Pitts, Joshua D Safer, Ximena Lopez, Vin Tangpricha, and Sean J Iwamoto. Proper Care of Transgender and Gender Diverse Persons in the Setting of Proposed Discrimination: A Policy Perspective*. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 2 (2020): 3058.

Footnotes

1. Alexander J. Martos, Patrick A. Wilson, and Ilan H. Meyer, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Health Services in the United States: Origins, Evolution, and Contemporary Landscape, PLOS ONE 12, no. 7 (2017). Web.
2. Beth A. Clark and Alice Virani, This Wasnt a Split-Second Decision: An Empirical Ethical Analysis of Transgender Youth Capacity, Rights, and Authority to Consent to Hormone Therapy, Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 18, no. 1 (2021): pp. 151-164. Web.
3. Clark and Virani, Analysis of Transgender Youth, 155.
4. Abby Walch et al., Proper Care of Transgender and Gender Diverse Persons in the Setting of Proposed Discrimination: A Policy Perspective*, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 2 (2020): pp. 305-308. Web.
5. Abby Walch et al., Transgender and Gender Diverse Persons, 305.
6. Martos, Wilson, and Meyer, LGBT Health Services, 4.
7. Martos, Wilson, and Meyer, 4.
8. Clark and Virani, Analysis of Transgender Youth, 162.
9. David C. Call, Mamatha Challa, and Cynthia J. Telingator, Providing Affirmative Care to Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth: Disparities, Interventions, and Outcomes, Current Psychiatry Reports 23, no. 6 (2021). Web.
10. Call, Challa, and Telingator, Care to Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth.

Introduction

The adoption of homosexual couples is the adoption of kids by same-sex couples, which may take the form of the adoption by one partner of the others biological kid or a joint adoption by the couple. Joint adoption by homosexual couples is authorized in many nations and territories that allow same-sex marriage, while other countries do not. Homosexual parents wishing to adopt children must contend with social pressures to conform to heteronormative sex roles. The judicial system has granted some states in the United States full rights of adoption to same-sex couples, while others have banned homosexual adoption or allowed one partner to adopt. However, good parenting is determined by the ability of the parent to establish a nurturing and loving family, which does not depend on whether they are homosexual or straight.

Behaviors/ Attitudes Towards Adoption by Same-Sex Parents

The adoption of kids by homosexual parents has been an issue of debate across the United States of America. Some legislation introduced to many jurisdictions to ban same-sex partners adoption has been significantly defeated (Szalma and Djundeva 67). Some of the prominent professional organizations, including the American Psychological Association, have advocated for the adoption by homosexual partners mentioning class prejudice as causing damage to the mental well-being of these parents. Another major organization that supports this is the American Medical Association which maintains that lack of formal recognition may lead to health disparities for kids of homosexuals.

The attitudes and perceptions towards same-sex parenting have improved as the percentage of homosexual couples, and same-sex parenting has grown in America. The public condemnation of homosexual parenting in America dropped between 2007 and 2011 from 50 percent to 30 percent (Santos et al. 142). Currently, homosexual partners are most likely to raise an adopted kid, with four percent of adopted kids and three percent of foster kids being brought up by same-sex parents (Santos et al. 138). Homosexual parents embrace adoption as a means of starting a family and tend to put significantly less importance on the biological means of conceiving a kid than heterosexual parents do.

In the past, most children raised by homosexual partners had been born into one of their parents former heterosexual marriages. With this regard, there were many legal disputes over the custody of the child born in that scenario in the event of a divorce (Kranz 353). In addition, there were prejudices against the parents in a homosexual relationship; the prejudices made courts disfavor them in awarding visitation and custody rights. The introduction of in vitro fertilization has created controversy as it enables same-sex parents to raise kids of their own who had not been born from heterosexual marriages. The development has generated a heated debate about the presumption of parenthood. For instance, when a mother in a heterosexual relationship gives birth, the man is presumed to be legally the childs father, but courts have extended these rights to same-sex couples.

Concisely, the proponents of adoption by same-sex parents claim that adoption is a better alternative to being placed in foster homes. Additionally, a child has a right to have a guardian, family, or individuals to care for their well-being. According to civil rights, parents and children can have a family life (Kranz 353). Similarly, they state that there are no differences between kids brought up by straight or homosexual parents. That being the case, the sexual preference of the couples has no importance, especially concerning raising a kid. The proponents also argue that kids raised in homosexual families fare well as those raised by different-sex couples across a broad spectrum of child well-being measures such as cognitive development, academic performance, and psychological health.

On the other hand, the opponents argue that kids raised by homosexual couples are likely to face gender and sexual disorders. Furthermore, most adoption agencies are religious, and therefore it might go against their religion for same-sex parents to adopt. There is also the lingering challenge of a culture long imbued with the belief that kids need the complementary roles that a father and a mother provide. Finally, the Catholic church is another opponent of adoption by homosexual couples.

Pros of Adoption by Homosexual Couples

Opinions and views about same-sex adoption vary across different states, but the reality is that a child deserves a loving and stable home. Regardless of sexuality or gender, kids need parents who offer a conducive environment where they may grow up and thrive. One of the advantages of same-sex adoption is that two parents are believed to be better than none. When a couple considers adoption, they already know they cannot raise a kid alone for one reason or another (Costa and Tasker 4160). Thus, the main objective of adopting a child is to place them with a stable and loving family so they have the best chance at life. As such, gender or sexuality should not be a deterrent for placing a child with an otherwise stable family.

Another benefit is that homosexual couples get the opportunity to have a family since they cannot have it on their own. This is because same-sex partners with infertility problems rely on birth mothers to meet their desires to be parents (Whatley et al. 107). Therefore, by adopting a child, the heterosexual partners have the unique opportunity to provide life and household gifts to partners that otherwise would not have that ability.

In addition, adoptive same-sex parents usually adopt a baby so that they may experience the joyful event of raising a new life from the very beginning. Thus, adoption, according to them, is an act of creating a family and is just as joyful and emotional as birth is (Whatley et al. 114). Individuals and parents who are in the process of choosing if they want to go ahead with the process should take an honest evaluation of their openness and truthfully assess their decisions. That level of self-reflection makes them better and helps them to figure out some things about their relationship and personality and make them better parents for their future children. Similarly, raising a family by adopting a child is a challenging, epochal, and rewarding moment (Szalma and Djundeva 61). Through the permanent and voluntary placement of the child for adoption, homosexuals experience the pleasure of taking home a child, bringing them up from the beginning, and watching them grow.

In the contemporary world, acceptance is required more than ever. According to Whatley et al., same-sex adoptions enable the child to become more respectful, accepting, and tolerant of differences from other individuals as they grow up (113). While homosexual adoptive couples break the traditional boundaries, the adopted child approaches issues with an open mind, enabling them to see any challenge with multiple outcomes rather than seeing it as white or black. With the child being more social, they make connections with everyone more quickly, and best of all, as they grow older, they can begin having lifelong relationships at an early stage.

Cons of Adoption by Homosexual Couples

Adoption is a long and challenging process, even though it is highly dependent on the legislation of the different states. Additionally, it is expensive, so adoptive parents should consider the diverse adoption financial regulations and assistance options. Despite the governments milestones towards legalizing same-sex adoption, discrimination continues to thrive as the kid may be subject to ridicule and bullying at the school. Furthermore, research indicates that children raised by homosexual parents often have a higher rate of drug abuse, depression, and suicidal ideation than straight couples (Costa and Shenkman 328). Individuals face negativity from family and friends by deciding to adopt, and choosing to place ones children with homosexuals may lead to some additional turmoil. Many misconceptions and untrue ideas are being spread about homosexual couples adoption, usually perpetuated by those opposed to this form of adoption. Other problems facing this form of adoption lie in addressing the cultural and racial identity of the baby, talking to the baby about adoption, and managing birth-parent relations.

Conclusion

In conclusion, good parenting is not influenced by sexual orientation. Still, it is most profoundly impacted by the ability of the parent to establish a nurturing and loving family, which does not depend on whether they are homosexual or straight. The pros mentioned above outweigh the cons of adoption by same-sex couples; thus, adoption proves to be an effective way for these couples to realize their dreams of parenthood. Kids from homosexual couples benefit from being more affectionate and open-minded. The adopted children will enjoy the advantages and solidity of being raised in a two-parent household. Adoption by same-sex parents continues to increase in America, communities are becoming more accepting of diverse family types, and parents opt to complete their families through adoption.

Works Cited

Costa, Pedro Alexandre, and Fiona Tasker. We Wanted a Forever Family: Altruistic, Individualistic, and Motivated Reasoning Motivations for Adoption among LGBTQ Individuals. Journal of Family Issues, vol. 39, no. 18, 2018, pp. 4156-4178, Web.

Costa, Pedro Alexandre, and Geva Shenkman. LGBTQ-Parent Families in Non-Western Contexts. LGBTQ-Parent Families. Springer, Cham, 2020, pp. 319-336, Web.

Kranz, Dirk. The Impact of Sexual and Gender Role Orientation on Heterosexuals Judgments of Parental Competence and Adoption Suitability. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, vol. 7, no. 3, 2020, p. 353, Web.

Santos, José Victor De Oliveira, et al. Adoption of Children by Homosexual Couples: The Social Representations. Trends in Psychology, vol. 26, 2018, pp. 139-152, Web.

Szalma, Ivett, and Maja Djundeva. What Shapes Public Attitudes Towards Assisted Reproduction Technologies in Europe? Demográfia-English Edition, vol. 62, no. 5, 2020, pp. 45-75, Web.

Whatley, Mark A., Stephani J. Cave, and Jennifer E. Breneiser. The Development of a Scale to Assess Attitudes toward Homosexual Adoption: A Preliminary Investigation. North American Journal of Psychology, vol. 18, no. 1, 2016, pp. 107-121, Web.

Introduction

Homosexuality can be defined as the practice of erotic behaviors or activities with a person of similar gender or sex. (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary). The practice which is a growing trend in America today has been one that is very controversial not only t religions but also to the law and society at large. One of the controversies on homosexuality includes the debate on whether same-sex couples should be allowed to adopt children or acquire a family an idea that I highly disagree with. Nine million children in the United States of America are being brought by a gay or lesbian parent while 25% of all same-sex couples have adopted children. (Duke journal, p 127).

Argument

A policy statement issued by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) seeking the authorization of homosexual couples is one to highly debate upon. AAP argues that both homosexual and heterosexual families have equal ability to provide a healthy and stable family life with equally sufficient emotional, psychological and physical support. This is however not true. The policy only seems to represent the interests of same-sex couples but not those of the children. (Byrd, A. Dean p 11). The following discussion gives the various reasons that strongly disagree with same-sex parenting.

Discussion section

The marriage of a man to a woman is the foundation of childbearing hence the man-woman union is vital for the well-being of the child physically, emotionally, mentally, and even academically. Allowing couples to adopt children violates the role of the man-to-woman union in childbearing and turn disrupts the social norms. Evident studies have proven a great difference between parenting among homosexual parents and that of heterosexual parents with those children from homosexual unions being prone to drug and substance use and abuse, psychological problems, stress, and depression that could result in suicide and the risk of losing their parents to HIV and AIDS. (Edding Richard, p 67).

Homosexual couples are more likely to separate or completely break their relationship hence cannot provide the necessary security to their children a factor that poses a risk to the adopted children within that union. Research has proven that same-sex couples are highly promiscuous hence less likely to establish a stable healthy family setting for their children like that of a normal heterosexual family.

A study was done recently indicates that men in homosexual relationships averagely stayed in the relationship for only two years during which they still had regular sex outside their relationship. This behavior is one of those that proves how inadequate same-sex partners are as parents.

The high level of promiscuous behavior among homosexuals poses them at risk of HIV infection hence places the children at risk of losing their parents to HIV and AIDS a situation that would leave them not only emotionally disturbed but also helpless.

Naturally, children should be brought by a father and a mother. In a situation where the heterosexual couples are in a stable marriage especially, the child develops healthily and in a stable emotional, physical, and psychological environment. Studies have shown that the healthy development of a child requires that both the mother and father be present. Same-sex adoption of children does not recognize the specific roles played by each of these parents due to the fact that only one gender is present hence cannot provide the child with a mother and father in the real sense.

The existence of a father and a mother in the life of a child serve as a way of teaching the child certain correct gender roles that define relationships in adulthood. Mothers and fathers each play a different role in the life of a child hence the existence of both parents is essential for the normal growth of a child. (Ross D. Parke et al, p 236).

A survey done on lesbians indicated that 75% of those that had been interviewed had sought psychological support mainly due to persistent depression and sadness. A study done by the Archives of General Psychiatry indicated that those identified as homosexuals and bisexuals had mental complications. Dr. Bailey mainly associated this condition with the discrimination and stigmatization against the homo and bisexuals that lead to their unhappiness and depression. (J.M. Bailey et al, p 243).

An ever-growing concern is that of the psychological trauma and adjustment issues children in same-sex families face. Such issues include low self-esteem, depression, behavior problems, anxiety, and the likelihood of parents having mental complications. Another concern is that of children being discriminated against by their peers resulting in an adverse effect on their social interactions. There has been frequent fear of discrimination reports of children with same-sex parents by their peers with most children preferring to keep the nature of their parents a secret.

These children are more secretive about their parents being homosexuals than their parents themselves. ( G.A. Javaid ). One teenage girl explained the situation during an interview and said,  life is hard while having a lesbian.parent, we have never revealed this to anyone but people always find out and mock me. No one else has same-sex parents and it hurts to have no one to talk to. (l. Rafkin, p 14). A case study performed in 1993 of eleven children who found the fact that one of their parents was a lesbian after the parents divorced indicated that the children strongly felt the urge to keep the incident a secret from their friends with the explanation that they wouldnt risk losing their friends. At the same time, the children reported feeling the need to talk to someone. This confusion brought a lot of loneliness, depression, shame and anxiety. (Tamar D. et al p 453).

Studies have continued to show that those children, especially boys, with same-sex parents are highly likely to be made fun of by their peers about their parents or even their sexual preferences and sexuality. Most school students said that they have witnessed anti-gay groups in their respective schools a finding that shows the high level of discrimination against gay or lesbian students or families in schools. This stigmatization is not only common in high schools but also among college students who according to the study reported their lack of willingness in involving themselves with friends whose parents were homosexuals.

Another study conducted at Mid-Western University by Professor King indicated that children from lesbian parents received similar discriminatory treatment to those whose parents were ex-convicts. An Australian research study carried out in 1996 gave findings on the peer interactions fifty-eight children in primary school whose parents were homosexuals. The teacher respondents reported that the children had been rudely harassed by their peers and were mainly viewed as homosexuals themselves.

The respondents further reported that some heterosexual parents had given instructions to have their children separated from those of homosexual parents. These children evidently went through social, psychological and even emotional suffering a situation that no child should be allowed to go through hence a more reason why same-sex couples should not be allowed to adopt children. (Norman Anderssen et al p 43).

Some studies have indicated that children brought up by homosexual parents are more likely to engage in same-sex relationships later in life. A study by Tasker and Golombok indicated that 67% of the homosexual children interviewed were those brought up by lesbian mothers. No child from a homosexual mother reported any involvement in a same-sex relationship. According to the study, there is a strong connection between a childs sexual preference and the tendency of the mother in exposing her physical affection to her same-sex partner when the children are still young, the number of lesbian partners the mother has had, and her frankness to her children about homosexuality. (Tasker and Golombok, p 422).

A study was done recently indicates that only 21% of lesbians wanted their children to be heterosexual while 65% did not care. These study findings clearly show that a childs sexual preference is likely to be affected by a family environment that practices or accepts homosexuality. A recent study found out those children with lesbian mothers fear that they will turn out to be homosexual. (Ann OConnell p 290-291).

Other studies further show that children brought up by same-sex parents are confused about their gender. The children do not conform to their gender and as a result, do not adapt to any gender roles. According to the study, lesbian mothers tend to instill feminine roles in their sons and masculine roles in their daughters resulting in homosexuality in the future. (Stacey & Biblarz p 21). Girls with fathers who are gay on the other hand were said to have indicated boyish behavior and attitude with boys from lesbian parents showing more interest in girls toys and games than those from those in heterosexual parents. The boys cried much more often under the same pressurizing situations and were also noted to seek consultation from the female teachers. (J.M. Bailey et al p 45).

The recent scientific and medical studies have eliminated homosexuality from being a mental illness as was the belief in the early years. Further research proves it to be a major cause of psychological disorders, drugs, and substance abuse, and also suicide. Suicides among gay people have been reported to be 3 to 4 times higher than those among heterosexual men.

In a survey carried out worldwide in 1985 and that included a sample of one thousand nine hundred and twenty-five lesbian between the ages of twenty-five to forty-four years, a high prevalence in mental complications was recorded with 21% of the respondents reported their regular thoughts to commit suicide.18% had made several suicide attempts while 68% reported long-term mental health complications that included anxiety, depression, fear and constant sadness. The study also marked a high rate of drug and substance use among the respondents. (Theo G. M. Sandfort et al, p 45).

A larger survey done in the Netherlands in 2001 found out that homosexuals experienced more mental as well as physical complications than the ordinary population. (Susan D. Cochran & Vickie M. Mays, p 64). The involvement of homosexuals in extremely risky sexual activities biologically makes them prone to mental disorders. (George F. Lemp et al, p 14).The National Comorbidity survey study indicated that homosexuals are more likely to suffer from psychological health problems, engage in drug and substance abuse as well as thoughts about suicide. (Stephen E. Gilman, et al p 33-939).

A series of three research studies carried out nationally in the United States of America found out that men who are gay are more likely to experience panic attacks and attempt suicides than heterosexual men. Lesbians on the other hand are more prone to substance and drug abuse, stress, depression, and anxiety disorders than non-lesbian women. Higher rates of depression were marked among the gays and lesbians with both indicating constant psychological disorders and frequent visitations to mental health institutions for observation and treatment. (Graaf, Rob V. Bijl, & Paul Schnabel p 23).

Parental mental complications can adversely affect children in certain ways. Depression is a mother may for example hamper the psychological as well as the cognitive growth of a child and also hinder the development of a childs brain during infancy and early childhood. A higher psychopathology rate among children is also evident in instances where a mother is depressed. Depressed parents are seen as ineffective parents who are not likely to practice sufficient parental roles on their children. The children brought up by depressed parents show academic, emotional, and behavioral complications. (Geraldine Dawson et al, p 209)

Another recent research carried out between the years 2003 to 2005 by the Centre for Disease Control indicated that 42% of ten thousand bisexual and gay men had at one time abused drugs with 77% having used marijuana,37% used cocaine, 28% amyl nitrate,29% ecstasy and 27% having used stimulants. ( Michael C. Clatts, et al. p 31). The findings are shown in these studies that were carried out in different regions and using a representative sample gives a clear indication that same-sex couples are not fit to adopt children. Aside from depression and mental disorders, drug use and addiction is another major factor thatt promotes a parents neglection for his or her children.

Conclusion

There is evidence enough that homosexual parents are unfit to be parents and are more likely to neglect their children at one point in life, a situation that will heavily affect the children. The lives of homosexuals are filled with promiscuity, drug and substance abuse, mental disorders, stress, depression, and other vices indicated in the above discussion. Clearly, these are not the kind of parents we want for our children in society.

The characteristics of this type of parents and the many complications that surround them are the same reasons why children are taken away from their biological parents to be placed under foster care. Why then should we place our children under parental care similar to that which they experienced in the hands of their neglectful biological parents? It is not right. Homosexuals should not at all be allowed to adopt children. Allowing them to adopt children will not be in the best interest of the child but will instead be to satisfy the needs of these same-sex couples.

Works Cited

Ann OConnell, Voices from the Heart: The Developmental Impact of a Mothers Lesbianism on her Adolescent Children, Smith Coll. Studies in Soc. Work 4 (1993):29091.

Byrd, A. Dean. Pediatrics Group Endorses Homosexual Adoption&But New Policy Places Children at Risk. NARTH. Web.

Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy Vol 15:127 2008.

Erling Andre Ytteroy, Outcomes for Children with Lesbian or Gay Parents: A Review of Studies from 1978 to 2000. Scandanavian Journal of Psychology.(2002):335.

George F. Lemp et al., Seroprevalence of HIV and Risk Behaviors among Young Homosexual and Bisexual Men: The San Francisco/Berkeley Young Mens Survey. Medical Journal. (1994).

Geraldine Dawson et al., (1999) Frontal Brain Electrical Activity in Infants of Depressed and Nondepressed Mothers: Relation to Variations in Infant Behavior. New Jersey: CDC Press.

Graaf, Rob V. Bijl, & Paul Schnabel. (2001) Same-Sex Sexual Behavior and Psychiatric Disorders: Findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS).

J.M. Bailey et al. (1995) Sexual Orientation of Adult Sons of Gay Fathers. Megrohill: Washington.

Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009.

Professors Stacey and Biblarz. Same sex marriages. The American Sociological Review journal. 2(1999):l09.

Richard E. Redding. (1999). Its really about sex: same-sex marriage, lesbigay Parenting and the psychology of disgust. Prentice Hall: New York.

Ross D. Parke et al., (2004) The Role of the Father in Child Development: Fathering and Childrens Peer Relationships 4th ed.Chicago: World Book, Inc.

Stephen E. Gilman, Susan D. Cochran, Vickie M. Mays, Michael Hughes, David Ostrow, & Ronald C. Kessler. Risk of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the National Co morbidity Survey. American Journal of Public Health 91 (2001): 33-939.

Tamar D. Gershon, Jeanne M. Tschann, & John M. Jemerin. Stigmatization, Self- Esteem, and Coping among the Adolescent Children of Lesbian Mothers. Journal of. Adolescent Health. (1999): 453.

Tasker and Golombok (1995). Study of Lesbian and Single Parent Mother. Journal of Psychology 4: 422.

Theo G. M. Sandfort et al., Sexual Orientation and Mental and Physical Health Status: Findings from a Dutch Population Survey. A public health journal, (2006):1122 24.

Timothy J. Dailey, Comparing the lifestyles of homosexual couples to married couples. Family Research Council Report. Web.

Introduction

The primary goal of this research is to identify how the LGBT community is portrayed by traditional news and to see if any signs of discrimination or unfair treatment are shown. It needs to be said that it is a significant issue that should not be overlooked and has been actively discussed over the last few years. One of the biggest problems that the LGBT community currently has to deal with is prejudice and misunderstandings. Newspapers have a huge influence on the population, and it is paramount to make sure that no form of discrimination is promoted or supported.

Methodology

A methodology for this research will consist of the review of online newspaper articles, and analysis using qualitative data analysis software, and manual review of the data that is received. It is paramount to note that sources were chosen based on convenience because it is an appropriate approach in this case. It needs to be said that the biggest number of articles were viewed on The Guardian and the New York Times websites because the information is presented comprehensively, and it is not a hard task to look for articles that discuss similar topics. The coding has been performed with the use of NVivo computer program that is known for its efficiency.

The results of the research will be discussed, and primary topics and patterns that have been identified will be mentioned. It is imperative to note that this software can be viewed as extremely reliable, and no issues with the validity of the data that is received are expected. One of the most significant aspects that should not be overlooked is that recent articles were used to get a better understanding of the current situation. Such codes as community, discrimination, gay, group, lesbian, LGBT, sex, transgender were chosen. In my opinion, they would help to identify how frequently such terms are mentioned. It is paramount to say that it is especially interesting how often issues that are related o unfair treatment are mentioned.

Findings

The results of the analysis indicate that such words as gay and transgender used quite often. One of the problems that should be mentioned is that some individuals believe that such terms should not be acceptable and prefer other ones. The word gay has been mentioned 71 times, lesbian was used 13 times. Such results indicate that the first term is globally viewed as acceptable, and it is entirely possible that the second one soon will not be used in newspapers. Another significant aspect that is worth noting is that such individuals are identified as community and group, and this factor should not be disregarded because it is evident that the movement is quite influential. However, a consensus on this topic has not been achieved. The fact that discrimination is mentioned almost in every single paper indicates that it is a critical issue that is frequently being associated with the LGBT community.

It is paramount to say that it was used 15 times, and anti-discrimination was used six times. It needs to be said that even such relatively small numbers should not be disregarded because it is a critical issue. Pride is another word that is frequently mentioned, and it is not surprising because it has been associated with this movement for a long time. Sexuality is another code that needs to be discussed because this topic has been extremely controversial. The problem is that some believe that it should not be openly demonstrated by members of this community. Another pattern that has been identified during the research is that many authors want to draw attention to issues that are related to reporting because they believe that many individuals do not have an understanding of their rights. Overall, it should be noted that similar terminology is used in most cases.

Discussion

It is paramount to note that the article titled More than half of LGBT students have felt unsafe at school was especially interesting because the author discusses issues that are not frequently mentioned. The students that use homophobic language are regarded as bullies, and it is believed that members of the LGBT community are afraid to report such incidents because they are worried that nothing would be done about it. The fact that they are discriminated by schools is especially worrying because it promotes such behavior among other students (Kohli, 2015).

Another critical aspect that should not be overlooked is that it is frequently mentioned that such individuals prefer a particular type of clothing when they participate in activities such as meetings and protests. An article about the situation in Russia was also essential for the research, and the author mentions that the way members of this community are treated in other countries is different (Raspopina, 2015). The biggest problem is that they have to deal with numerous attacks, and discrimination is especially dangerous.

Some people are described as not being afraid to voice their opinions, and always ready to fight for their rights. Another issue that should be noted is that homophobia is still present in almost every environment, and it is especially problematic in prisons (James, 2015). The primary goal of the article titled Brands that come out for LGBT rights must proudly walk the talk it to address the fact that companies should be respectful, and not use this topic as a way to promote their products. It is also interesting that the number of organizations that show support for such individuals is truly astounding. It is imperative to say that the fact that the LGBT community has suffered from stereotypes in all forms of media is also acknowledged (Rowland, 2015).

Another significant aspect that should be taken into account is that such individuals often have to deal with issues in other areas, and it is mentioned that anti-discrimination laws are needed (Eckholm, 2015). The protection that is offered is a vital factor that should not be disregarded because it is evident that the support that is being offered by the media is enormous. On the other hand, It is imperative to say that it is not surprising that writers are incredibly tolerant because any sign of discrimination that is shown in the articles at this point would be met negatively by the population, and the reputation of the company may also be affected. Another significant aspect that should not be overlooked is that. The fact that modern technologies have changed the way such individuals are perceived is also essential because it allows them to express their emotions in posts that can be viewed all over the globe with the use of such tools as social media (Haber, 2014).

It should be noted that most authors perceive it is a particular group of people that are different from others, and they deserve the attention because they have to deal with numerous problems that need to be addressed. It needs to be said that it is especially interesting that similar terminology is used to describe seniors in Chicagos first LGBT retirement center article. The vulnerability of this community is also discussed, and it needs to be said that it is especially dangerous for an elder (Stafford, 2015). Another aspect that should be noted is that all of these papers mention issues that are related to policies, and authors agree that such changes are necessary. The support that is shown is massive, and the fact that people can be much more vocal is also critical (Smith, 2015).

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is evident that progress has been shown over the last few years, and the way the LGBT community is portrayed by traditional news has also changed. The terminology that is used is also worth mentioning. Most news sources prefer to describe such individuals as a group that has similar perspectives and opinions. It is possible that some of the terms will not be used in the future, but it is hard to make such predictions. It Is imperative to say that it is not surprising that the LGBT community is supported by traditional news, and the way they are portrayed is relatively the same. Overall, coding has helped to identify particular patterns that are present in the articles that were chosen, and the data that is received can be viewed as valuable.

References

Eckholm, E. (2015). Next fight for gay rights: bias in jobs and housing. The New York Times. Web.

Haber, M. (2014). Technologys rainbow connection. The New York Times. Web.

James, E. (2015). Coming out: LGBT people lift the lid on life in prison. The Guardian. Web.

Kohli, S. (2015). More than half of LGBT students have felt unsafe at school. The Los Angeles Times. Web.

Raspopina, S. (2015). Russian LGBT festival refuses to be silenced by gay propaganda law. The Guardian. Web.

Rowland, N. (2015). Brands that come out for LGBT rights must proudly walk the talk. The Guardian. Web.

Smith, M. (2015). Indianapolis rallies around its gay citizens after a law sets off a flood of support. The New York Times. Web.

Stafford, Z. (2015). Chicagos first LGBT retirement center. The Guardian. Web.