Category: Legacy

The Internet Age is a period marked by advancements in technology where information travels from all parts of the world in less than a second. Many great individuals helped shape this Information Age. An innovator, designer, and magnate called Steve Jobs is among these individuals.

He was a man filled with both passion and creativity. A college dropout who pursued something more than an education. By inventing the Macintosh, having a unique marketing strategy and campaign, and thinking differently, he was able to move mountains and save Apple Inc. from its financial crisis. His road to becoming a successful man was not a straight one. His vision and innovation were altered during his lifetime. Nevertheless, he got back on track and turned the technology industry upside down.

Throughout his career, he changed the world for the better. From introducing the first Macintosh or as others call it “iMac” to introducing the iPhone in 2007, he became a sensation to the world. He motivated and inspired individuals to think differently and to act differently. By co-founding Apple Inc., he introduced many devices that people still use in their daily lives. And finally, by firmly believing in himself, he helped shape the new era. The tech industry as well as the Internet Age would be completely different without his existence.

The “famous” Steve Jobs was not only an inventor but also an entrepreneur. His life was not that simple as he was adopted and a college dropout. During his lifetime, he left the company he once founded and was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Nonetheless, that did not stop him from believing in himself, believing in his capabilities and what he could achieve. He co-founded Apple along with Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, was once the majority shareholder of Pixar Inc., and was the founder of NeXT, Inc. His Macintosh creation, his distinctive marketing strategy as well and his marketing campaign made him what he is still known for today, a legacy. Although people are not aware of it, his innovations had a positive effect on the Internet Age. From computers, movies, and music to mobile devices, he had a tremendous impact on the tech industry.

A man who revolutionized the field of technology was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. His parents were university students unable to afford to raise him, so he was given up for adoption. His non-biological parents, Paul and Clara Jobs, raised him. Paul Jobs introduced little Steve to the world of electronics in their home garage. He started at Reed College but never finished. Nonetheless, he still attended a few classes like a calligraphy course that later helped him shape the typography in Apple’s personal computers. In 1974, he started 1 working as an inexperienced man, for Atari Computers, a company known for creating video games. In that same year, Jobs traveled to India where he became familiar with Buddhist philosophy as well as Eastern spiritual philosophy. That trip gave him a better sense of life and a deeper understanding of the world of business. Two years later, Steve Wozniak with the help of Steve Jobs tested the first Apple I computer in Jobs’ garage. The initial cost was $666.66 each.

Apple was then founded on April 1, 1976. This was the beginning of Steve Jobs’ successful career in the field of technology. By that time, the market for computers was growing rapidly. With this factor, Apple computers expanded fast.

In 1984, Jobs designed the first Macintosh. Macintosh, or “Mac”, was Apple’s first successful small personal computer that had a graphical user interface. A year after the 2 creation of the Macintosh, Jobs started having internal problems with Apple’s Board of Directors and the CEO at that time, John Sculley. He accepted his resignation in 1985 after proposing his new venture “Next” to Apple’s Board of Directors and wanting to take a few employees from Apple to help him with his new company. Next was a company that intended to make computers for higher education.

After accepting his resignation, he spent almost 10 years regaining a sense of innovation and freedom. His life wasn’t just Apple. Jobs began being involved in other things. Among them was Pixar, the computer animation company. As of today, Pixar is a subsidiary of the Walt Disney Company. However, back then, “Steve Jobs also played a huge role in turning film company Pixar into a multi-billion-dollar success”. He was the majority shareholder for many 3 years until Walt Disney acquired it in 2006. He bought it at that time for $5 million. In addition to Pixar, he founded NeXT Inc. “NeXT’s system software was designed to rival the best offerings of the Macintosh and PC”. Jobs had vision. He wanted more. Nonetheless, the NeXT

The computer was not that successful. NeXT stopped manufacturing hardware to become a software-oriented company. Jobs began working on NeXTstep, with its focus on object-oriented programming. With these achievements in NeXT Inc., Apple bought NeXT for 429 million in 1996, bringing Steve Jobs back to Apple as an advisor with a different mindset than ever before. Jobs’ mission when he was brought back to Apple was to “change the public perception of Apple, which had suffered steady losses since losing the market share”. With the acquisition of 5 NeXT, Apple had a new operating system. “Apple hopes that NeXT’s object-oriented Java-enabled open development platform will significantly improve its Internet and intranet position because its technology is agile”. Steve Jobs believed that Apple could surpass the 6 financial crises. The Internet, as well as Apple, was going to improve with the acquisition of NeXT, Inc.

After Steve Jobs was fired in 1985, Apple fell behind its competitors like Microsoft. It was about to go bankrupt if nothing was to be done in a matter of 90 days. Nevertheless, Steve Jobs pushed Apple forward with his vision and innovation. Steve Jobs redesigned Apple’s marketing strategy. He changed Apple’s advertising. He went from selling products to selling dreams. He focused on the consumer’s overall experience not just the experience of buying the product. There were many versions of the same product, so he decided to go with a simpler product line cutting 70% of Apple’s products. This also meant that many workers lost their jobs. Nonetheless, by having a simpler product line and focusing on the image and quality of the devices, Jobs helped Apple during Apple’s financial catastrophe.

In addition, Steve Jobs also helped Apple’s turmoil during the mid-1990s with his advertising slogan back in 1997. Jobs presented the marketing campaign “Think Different” which caught the eye of many people. Steve Jobs once said that marketing was all about values. He said, “Apple at the core, its core value, is that we believe that people with passion can change the world for the better”. Jobs wanted to honor people who thought differently like Albert 7 Einstein, Martin Luther King, and Mahatma Gandhi, among others. Referring to the people who thought differently, in his advertising campaign he later added “​About the only thing you can’t do is ignore them. Because they change things. They push the human race forward. And while some may see them as the crazy ones, we see genius’’. Steve Jobs was passionate about people, not 8 the products. He wanted people to change the world with those products. This marketing campaign was on air until 2002. Just as these genius people changed the world for the better, so did Steve Jobs with his creativity and design. He shaped the Internet Age and helped this era move forward.

Apple has a deep connection with the Internet. In 1998, with the introduction of the iMac, Steve Jobs explained the linkage of the “i” in its products. He stated: “iMac comes from the marriage of the excitement of the Internet with the simplicity of the Macintosh “. Consumers want the internet to be simple and fast and the iMac was created to 9 make that possible. Steve Jobs also added that the prefix also stood for “individual”, “instruct”, “inform” and “inspire”. This was the ‘i” revolution. With the introduction of the iPhone in 2007, Apple wanted to give the “i” its original “internet” meaning, like the one it had with the introduction of the iMac. Since the passing of Steve Jobs, Apple has continued to expand to other markets. It continues to add devices bringing, for example, the Apple Watch and Apple TV. The “i” is not included in the name of these devices. Perhaps it is because, since then, every device has had some form of Internet connectivity built-in, and the “i” has lost its association with that specific meaning”. People are so used to being connected to the Internet that they often forget 10 how it started, who took part in the development of the Internet, and how it has impacted the world we live in.

The Internet Age was influenced by many people. Investors, businessmen, engineers, technicians, physicians, and genius people want to change and make progress in the world. Steve Jobs was one of them. Just as he said in his advertising campaign “Think Different” “Because the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world, are the ones who do’’. He inspired individuals to change the world with Apple’s products. People do not stop to 11 realize how his innovations changed the tech industry. Although he had many altercations and for some time left the company he co-founded, thanks to his vision and innovation as well as his marketing strategy and campaign, he transformed Apple Inc into a successful brand. Without Steve Jobs, the company may not have been one of the most important brands of our time and the Internet Age.

Works Cited

1. A Short History of NeXT, simson.net/ref/NeXT/aboutnext.htm.
2. Beck, Kellen. “Here’s What the ‘i’ in iPhone Means.” ​Mashable, 19 Feb. 2016, mashable.com/2016/02/19/what-does-the-i-stand-for-iphone/.
3. Bellis, Mary. “A Brief History of Apple Computers.” ​ThoughtCo, 25 May 2019, www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-apple-computers-1991454
4. D’Onfro, Jillian. “Why Execs from Other Companies Wanted to Meet with Steve Jobs on Fridays.” ​Business Insider, 22 Mar. 2015, www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-at-pixar-versus-apple-2015-3.
5. Farber, Dan. “Steve Jobs Thought Different.” ​CBS News, CBS Interactive, 6 Oct. 2011, www.cbsnews.com/news/steve-jobs-thought-different/.
6. Gallo, Carmine. “Steve Jobs: ‘People With Passion Can Change The World.’” ​Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 22 Mar. 2011, www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2011/01/17/steve-jobs-people-with-passion-can-change-the-world/#3bc230376ddf.
7. “IMac G3: The Macintosh That Saved Apple.” ​512 Pixels, 13 Dec. 2012, 512pixels.net/2012/12/imac/.
8. Kawamoto, Dawn. “Apple Acquires Next, Jobs.” ​CNET, CNET, 21 Dec. 1996, www.cnet.com/news/apple-acquires-next-jobs/.
9. “Steve Jobs Biography | .” ​Biography Online, www.biographyonline.net/business/steve-jobs.html.
10. http://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-apple-computers-1991454
11. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/steve-jobs-thought-different/
12. http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2011/01/17/steve-jobs-people-with-passion-can-chan

The primary objective of this dissertation is to examine how the Oprah Winfrey Show and Network (OWN) uses the platform to engage women and consider particular topics and themes covering aspects of Oprah’s past, fame, her triumphs over adversity, cultural diversity, yet analyzing the representation and format of her television show, and most importantly Oprah’s idol Maya Angelou. It examines her US daytime talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show, a social and political space for women where analysis from an episode will depict her format (televisual chat shows psychology or in chat shows) and analyze particular content and components it involved; in ways, Oprah promotes feminist ideology and practice messaging ‘self-help’ topics such as marriage, parenting and how to improve self-image. Also, it explores Oprah’s characterizations and the demeanor she presents herself in to attract her largely female audience: to be a televisual feminist. (Squire, 1994. p.64) The main exploration is how Oprah represents feminist insights within her work to engage women, however may argue in some ways might/does not.

For years it has been evident, that men have always held a stronger power in the industry, however, this is slowly changing in today’s society as we have gained many inspirational female representations portrayed on television who inspire many women globally.

Oprah is a Producer Media Executive Philanthropist Billionaire mogul who is best known for being the first black American female host of the popular, nationally syndicated US chat show The Oprah Winfrey Show which aired from 1986 to 2011. By 1993 it had drawn in a great number of female viewers with over 15 million American people tuning in to watch the ‘typical American woman’ with debates on personal and social issues.

Her work currently consists of her upstart television network, the Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN) which launched after she stopped airing her chat show in 2011 and replaced the channel Discovery Health after Discovery Communications invested millions in the network. (Wired, Jason Parham 2018) OWN provides leadership programming creating a space for artists to tell stories that inform and entertain by connecting with the world on social media and television platforms to keep up with today’s society. She successfully does this by attracting superstar talent to join her in the creative network and build a global community of like-minded viewers, leading them to a range of profound content.

Her content is reorganized with videos and playlists, showcasing amazing work from artists of African descent and containing reruns of The Oprah Winfrey Show, celebrity stories, films, new series, and Super Soul sessions, which would include features and segments depicting love, health, parenting and spirituality that present an array of outlooks of what it involves and means to be alive in today’s world.

Throughout human history, there have been people who have selflessly helped others. Dorothea Dix was one of such people. She was born on April 4, 1802, in Hampden, Maine, Massachusetts. When she was fourteen, she started teaching poor children in her family’s house. Her childhood was very rough and almost non-existent and it showed in her teaching style and in her later life. By 1831, she opened The Dix Mansion Day and Boarding School. Slavery was very prominent in those times and even though it became illegal in 1833, thousands of African-Americans were slaves in the United States. At that time Dorothea established a reputation as an excellent teacher and an author (Colman, 2007). On March 28, 1841, she arrived at East Cambridge jail for teaching Sunday school to prisoners and saw the reality. Mentally ill women were in the worst conditions and Dorothea pressed the jailer, using her connections, to install stoves to keep them warm. This is where her mission began. She went to many jails and mental institutions and fought for the rights of the mentally ill, who at the time were outcasts and treated as criminals. Dix documented all she saw and fought for the rights of the mistreated. In 1846, she studied the treatment of mental illness in Illinois. In 1849, an institution for the care of the mentally ill was authorized in Raleigh and a hospital in honor of Dorothea was opened in 1856. During the Civil War, Dorothea Dix was a nurse with strict rules on who could become a nurse. She wanted only knowledgeable and older nurses to keep order in the hospitals. This caused her some problems, as many doctors and other nurses did not approve of her wishes. After the war, she continued to help the mentally ill, the poor and the prisoners. She was one of the pioneers in the social acknowledgment of mental health. People thought that the disease was a punishment for sins or a curse and would often hide and deny any relation to relatives and friends who were mentally ill. There was no real treatment and people with mental disabilities would often be kept in cages, beaten and not cared for. She was a fierce advocate of human rights and it did not matter to her what cultural, social or racial background these people were. In her work, she was often belittled by the wealthy because she was from a wealthy family herself. Her grandfather was into medicine and slavery and so it was strange that she was doing such good deeds (Wittleman, 2003). Her persistence and determination paid off and got her through the hard times. She did not focus her efforts on her own happiness, instead, she found an outlet in helping others.

If there was a chance to ask her a question about her life, it would be interesting to know where she got the strength to deal with such pain, hardships and limitations. It is known that several times in her life she got very ill and had to travel to England to receive treatment. And no matter what, she would return and continue her mission. She was able to forget her own life and devote all her efforts to other people. She had no childhood and often denied the existence of her parents, which shows how much of a painful time it was. Maybe this is why she felt the pain of others and wanted to help them avoid such a similar fate. Or maybe it was anger towards those who abused their positions of power. But most likely she had a kind heart and felt it her responsibility to do that, which was not done for her.

References

Colman, P. (2007). Breaking the chains: The crusade of Dorothea Lynde Dix. Lincoln, United States: iUniverse.

Wittleman, B. (2003). Dorothea Dix: Social reformer. Mankato, United States: Capstone.

Introduction

The issue of racial segregation was raised in many social sectors of the USA of the 20th century. In the field of education, the ban on co-education of white and black children had been in force for many decades, and one of the turning points that became the driver of repealing this inhuman law was the case called Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (United States, Supreme Court). The decision adopted by the Supreme Court was a significant step in the fight against racial prejudices and allowed solving many problems caused by the discontent of the black population of the United States. The legacy of this case was the expansion of the rights and freedoms of those citizens who had been segregated for a long time; however, some manifestations of unfairness remained and developed due to new schooling conditions.

Case Background

In the era when the case in question took place, the problem of unfairness in schooling was a significant social gap. The endorsement of racial segregation exacerbated relations between the white and black populations. According to Turner, one of the reasons why Mr. Brown filed a class-action lawsuit to grant equal rights in schooling was seeking to draw attention to distorted values ​​under the influence of racist policies approved by the state (217).

In the formal case, judicial precedents are mentioned, and Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka could be another pointless hearing (United States, Supreme Court). In particular, the Fourteenth Amendment mentioned in the case allowed separating students by race, provided that the conditions of schooling were equal and did not impede free education (United States, Supreme Court). However, the plaintiff was able to prove that segregation was an illegal phenomenon and contrary to human rights a priori. This was the occasion for considering the case at the highest level.

The practice of students’ racial separation, which existed before the final verdict in the case in question, was widespread in the overwhelming majority of the states of the country. At the same time, as Sealey-Ruiz and Lewis note, until 1954, the number of black educators was significantly larger than after, and black students’ academic results were higher (187). This may be due to the unique educational environment that was maintained in educational institutions of this type and helped all interested persons to focus on the learning process.

However, since the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the number of black educators began to fall, which became a common trend across the country (United States, Supreme Court). The plaintiffs, who signed a collective appeal to the court, aimed to provide equal rights because, despite the government’s position on the identical quality of education, the black community believed that racial segregation was associated with lower quality of education and the lack of social protection for all involved. As a result, the lawsuit was approved, and racial segregation was banned legally, although this decision provoked open disapproval in several states.

Fairness of the Decision

From a moral point of view, the fairness of the decision in the considered case was objective. Turner states that unequal schooling entailed not only social but also financial issues, which were expressed in the unfair financing of schools for black youth and the provision of insufficient funds to unlock children’s academic potential (218). Despite the fact that the authentic educational environment in such institutions facilitated productive interaction between teachers and children, the inequality promoted in society put pressure on the black community.

The principle of equal access to identical training, which was achieved after the hearing of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, became a significant stage in the development of American society and set a course to eliminate manifestations of racism in all the spheres of life (United States, Supreme Court). As a result, fundamentally new conditions for interaction among citizens advanced, and a significant social gap was overcome.

The previously existing conditions of the Fourteenth Amendment that de jure did not contradict racial segregation were revised and interpreted from an objective standpoint. According to Turner, equality promoted by black activists made it possible to remove a number of obstacles that created various challenges for both parents and children (227). The possibility of joint education, which opened after the abolition of segregation, allowed many young people to gain greater opportunities for further individual and professional growth by obtaining a better educational background.

As Sealey-Ruiz and Lewis argue, the case in question was to stimulate not only the educational community to change the mode of service provision but also policymakers in order to draw attention to numerous issues (189). Thus, the legal results of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka were associated with different aspects of social development, and a number of new freedoms were ensured due to intervention in this topic (United States, Supreme Court). Therefore, the objectivity and fairness of the decision made were reasonable and justified.

Despite the fact that the case of 1954 concerned only school education, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka gave impetus to the common struggle for equality in various social sectors (United States, Supreme Court). Sealey-Ruiz and Lewis state that more suburban areas were populated, which allowed constructing more schools (188). The Fourteenth Amendment, which was considered legitimate previously, was revised in favor of citizens’ equality. Thus, the case under consideration was a turning point on the road to building a democratic American society.

Unfairness of New Conditions

Since the elimination of inequality in school education was achieved, the further development of the educational industry went to a new stage. Today, according to Sealey-Ruiz and Lewis, African American students can receive qualified teaching services and rely on the understanding of their needs (188). However, as the authors state, there are “persistent achievement disparities between Black students and their peers from other ethnic groups” (Sealey-Ruiz and Lewis 187).

This is a consequence of different levels of education and is expressed in lower academic outcomes among African American children. Another manifestation of unfairness, as Sealey-Ruiz and Lewis argue, is minimal access to advanced learning conditions, in particular, gifted programs (188). Therefore, the new schooling regime cannot be regarded as entirely favorable for the African American community.

As an unfair legacy of the case in question, one can also note cultural changes. Turner remarks that post-segregation time was characterized by a shift in social norms, which affected the quality of school education (226). In addition, the author states that, although the law influenced other areas of life indirectly, the difficulties of interaction between the black and white populations persisted due to the dissatisfaction of many citizens with the outcomes of the decision (Turner 227). Therefore, when evaluating the results of the decision, one should take into account some negative consequences.

Conclusion

The expansion of the rights and freedoms of the segregated African American population was the legacy of the case under consideration, although some ambiguous issues and challenges manifested themselves after the change in the legislation. The fairness of the decision taken by the Supreme Court was justified by the principles of equality and democracy. As a result, the rules of schooling were changed, but the problems of interaction between black and white populations persisted, and some educational challenges were identified, including the lack of access for African American students to gifted programs, academic disparities, and a shift in social norms.

Works Cited

Sealey-Ruiz, Yolanda, and Chance W. Lewis. “Guest Editorial: Transforming the Field of Education to Serve the Needs of the Black Community: Implications for Critical Stakeholders.” The Journal of Negro Education, vol. 80, no. 3, 2011, pp. 187-190.

Turner, Kara Miles. ““Getting It Straight:” Southern Black School Patrons and the Struggle for Equal Education in the Pre- and Post-Civil Rights Eras.” Journal of Negro Education, vol. 72, no. 2, 2003, pp. 217-229.

United States, Supreme Court. Brown v. Board of Education. 1954. Legal Information Institute, Cornell U Law School. Web.

The Old Testament is a term used by Christians to refer to the religious writings of the prehistoric Israel. These writings constitute the first thirty-nine books of the Bible according to Protestants, but the number varies in Catholic and Orthodox Bible versions. The Old Testament is divided into four parts: Pentateuch, Historical, Poetic, and Prophetic books (Leithart 157). This research paper will discuss the feats of Solomon, an outstanding character in the Old Testament.

According to the Book of Kings and the Book of Chronicles, Solomon was the son of King David and Bathsheba. David was the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and a direct ancestor of Jesus according to the gospels of Mathew and Luke (Mykytiuk 115). He became the third and last king before the split of the Northern and the Southern kingdoms of Judah.

His mother, together with Prophet Nathan persuaded David to proclaim Solomon king when David becomes very old to rule. David’s fourth son, known as Adonijah, had sought to succeed King David since his elder brothers had died leaving him as the direct heir to the throne. He later fled and sought refuge. However, his father later forgave him for his behavior only if he proved his worthiness (George 99).

It is recorded in the Bible that Solomon had seven hundred wives and three hundred concubines. The wives are believed to have come from foreign tribes or nations and included king Pharaoh’s daughter and Ammonites, Sidonites and the Hittites. These wives are shown to have misled Solomon in a number of ways.

Solomon is accredited as the builder of the first temple and many other important buildings and structures in Jerusalem and in the whole of Israel, including cities, ports, a commercial depot, and a military base. He is credited to have written the books of Ecclesiastes, Proverbs, and Song of Songs in the Old Testament (George 101).

He is also portrayed as a man of immense wisdom, wealth, and power but eventually as sinful king. He was accused of idolatry and turning away from God which resulted to the kingdom being divided into two during the reign of his son, Rehoboam (Hoerber 437). These sins included marrying far too wives and acquiring wealth in an unrighteous manner.

His marriage to the Pharaoh’s daughter led to the formation of the nation of Rome that became powerful and eventually led to the destruction of the second temple (Leithart 157). His wives became more evil and worshipped idols and other gods, oddly, King Solomon constructed temples for these gods and this drew God’s anger and wrath even after Solomon’s death.

Solomon’s rule lasted forty years, during this time, the kingdom grew in bounds in glory, power, and wealth. Indeed, the book of Kings mentions that “the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred three score and six talents of gold” (10:14). He came into agreement with Hiram I, King of Tyre, who helped him in numerous ways and made his government to flourish. He organized wide-range beneficial trade routes by land with Tyre, Egypt and Arabia and by sea with Tarshish, Ophir and South India (Leithart 156).

The book of Kings further mentions that Solomon’s wisdom was tested in a case involving two women who were both claiming to be the legit mother of a child.

In the case, one woman had choked her baby in her sleep and then decided to take a child belonging to another woman and claimed it to be her own. After disagreeing over the ownership of the baby, they went to King Solomon for arbitration (Mykytiuk 130). On hearing the case, Solomon gave a rather unique but wise decision that the baby be split into two so both women could have a half each.

On hearing the decision that meant killing the baby, the woman who had killed her baby was happy with the decision while the actual mother cried and begged that the baby be given to the other woman alive. Through their reaction, Solomon knew the real mother of the baby (Mykytiuk 132). This show of wisdom has made many scholars and Christians to believe that Solomon is the wisest person that ever lived.

Solomon’s great wisdom and wealth spread to distant lands that it made the Queen of Sheba to make a trip to Israel to visit the king. She brought many gifts to Israel, including gold and rare gems. The bible says that Solomon gave in to all her wishes, whatever she requested, and she left the land contented (Robert 437). This might imply that they had a sexual encounter. This visit of the Queen has become a foundation for many stories more than imaginable.

In older years, Solomon had to cope with living with several enemies, including some of his officials (Mykytiuk 131). He later died a natural death aged approximately eighty years and was succeeded by his son Rehoboam.

Works Cited

Barton, George. Temple of Solomon: Jewish Encyclopedia, New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 2007. Print.

Hoerber, Robert. Concordia Self-Study Bible, St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1984. Print.

Leithart, Peter. A House for My Name, Moscow, ID: Canon Press, 2000. Print.

Mykytiuk, Lawrence. Identifying Biblical Persons in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions of 1200–539 B.C.E., Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2004. Print.

Introduction

Walt Whitman was an American journalist and poet born in 1819 in West Hills, New York and who died in 1892 in Camden, New Jersey. During his life, Whitman served the community in numerous ways, for example, he was working as a teacher, volunteer nurse, journalist, essayist, and a government clerk (Bloom 16).

Whitman was a classical scholar who influenced the development of poetry through his numerous works that are relevant even today. He started writing and publishing his poems at a time when people did not enjoy the freedom of expressing their thoughts freely.

Nearly all of Whitman’s literary works evoked different reactions of social masses which caused Whitman to be given some of his famous nicknames such as the “Father of Free Verse” and “The Bard of Democracy”. The author’s life was stained by numerous disputes regarding his sexuality (Symonds 43). This issue provoked so much interest that biographers analyzed his poems as a way of understand his feelings.

They still continue to describe his sexuality as bisexual, although there is no clear evidence that Whitman had any sexual experiences with men. Whitman’s life was dominated by poetry and politics, especially during the industrialization era when he strongly opposed slavery. He was a staunch campaigner of democracy, as he used his influence to advocate for abolishment of slavery (Bloom 21).

Discussion

Walt Whitman hailed from a family with eight children and it faced numerous economic challenges. The poor economic background of the family resulted from poor investment decisions made by the parents. The author described his upbringing as one characterized by ceaseless motion, worry, and lack of happiness.

The economic situation in Whitman’s family meant that there were limited life opportunities for him and his siblings (Bloom 26). Thus, he had to look for a job after finishing school. He worked in various places including his job as a trainee and printer at a local newspaper called Patriot. This job helped to shape Whitman’s career as a poet and journalist.

While working for the newspaper, Whitman had learnt how to use a typesetter, and gained a lot of knowledge about the printing press. He did not stay with this employer for long, and moved to another newspaper in Brooklyn called Long-Island Star. While in Brooklyn, Whitman visited the local library on a regular basis to read, as well as participate in debate and theatre performances (Meltzer 100).

Aspiring poets respected Whitman a lot for his lifestyle and beliefs, for example, in his youth, Whitman chose not to consume alcohol (Meltzer 109). Through his poems, Whitman encouraged readers to stay away from the temptations of alcohol, as it had serious effects. Whitman admitted to have written The Inebriate under the influence of alcohol.

He felt embarrassed by the poem because of the numerous contradictory phrases it contained (Symonds 48). Since then, Whitman decided to consume only alcohol free drinks. Whitman was a religious man, and believed in God. Through his works, Whitman advocated for equality among all believers. He believed that all religions were equal and none should feel superior over the other.

Some of the poems that emphasized his belief in God include Song of Myself, and With Antecedents (Symonds 53). However, it was hard for Whitman to avoid skepticism, as he did not believe in any religion despite accepting all of them.

One of the characteristic features of Whitman’s poems was the use of an expressive style, images and symbols. Ordinary poems did not have these elements. Although there were poets who used expressive style in their writings before Whitman, many people consider him as the one responsible for popularization of this style (Meltzer 126).

Whitman believed that the ideal recipe for a poet to succeed was a shared passion for poetry between poets and the readers. He expressed his thoughts about the success of poets in his collection of poems called the Leaves of Grass. According to Whitman, there is a dependent relationship between poetry and society.

The society helps influence the development of poetry by providing an audience, while poetry helps instilling positive ideals in society through information and knowledge (Bloom 30). Whitman underlined this concept in one of his poems called the Song of Myself.

His writing style also incorporated first person recitation. Whitman had a strong ability to create poems in singular form. This earned him a title among the American readers of the “Poet of Democracy”.

The writer used Leaves of Grass to divulge the character and identity the American people. Through his poems, Whitman gave a detailed account of the civilization era in the United States of America. Leaves of Grass is one of the most important reference resources for history students, who study events that marked the civilization of America (Meltzer 132). Despite his success as a poet, Whitman was not much into poetry.

He realized that he had the ability to bring change in the society by pursuing a different dream. Thus, he started his career as a poet. Whitman used a variety of themes in his poems to discuss various issues that affected the society. One the themes that he used in his poems was sexuality. This theme resulted in widespread criticism from readers over the offensive topics discussed by this theme.

The manner in which Whitman discussed human feelings elicited questions about his sexuality that remains a mystery to date. Many people believe that his controversial themes helped a lot in shaping a realist society that accepts everyone despite their perfections and imperfections (Symonds 61).

Whitman helped to create a positive mentality about diversity through his poems. Readers of these poems have managed to carry on his teachings into the modern society.

Conclusion

Walt Whitman was one of the most influential people in the field of fictional writing. His legacy still lives on many years after he passed on. According to Whitman, there is a dependent relationship between poetry and society. Whitman is remembered for his role in introducing a new style of writing poems, and his fight for democracy in the United States of America.

Whitman also inspired many people with his lifestyle and beliefs. Most of Whitman’s admirers believe that he is the best poet that America had at that time. Many modern poets still promote the legacy that Walt Whitman left through their poems. Throughout his life, Whitman served his community in numerous roles, and through his work, he advocated for equality among all religions and all people. He believed that all were equal.

Works Cited

Bloom, Harold. Walt Whitman. New York: Info Base Publishing, 2009. Print.

Meltzer, Milton. Walt Whitman: A Biography. New Jersey: Twenty-First Century Books, 2002. Print.

Symonds, John. Walt Whitman: A Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Print.

Introduction

Marketing plan is essential for companies or enterprises in order to reach their clients and establish a strong base of customers. It describes the strategies, which an organization intends to use to retain and attract customers (Berkowitz 127). Therefore, marketing plan is significant for success of an organization.

It is therefore, paramount for organizations to develop effective marketing plan. This helps in management and operational plans for the organization. In addition, marketing plan assists organization to accomplish the set goal. This report devises budget of one of products of Legacy Village and evaluates outcomes to measure the effectiveness of marketing plan.

Legacy Village is located in Layton. It a serene and convenient place that offers services such as retirement living, assisted living, rehabilitation, and memory care. Retirement living enables clients to interact with each other comfortably through learning and leisure activities. Assisted living entails providing services for senior people who are unable to manage themselves. However, these people do not require comprehensive and intensive daily medical care.

Memory care encompasses total management and assistance of senior people. Professionals in memory care help clients in grooming, bathing, and eating. Finally, rehabilitation at Legacy Village offers services such as recovery from surgical operations, strokes, injuries, or orthopedic cases of hospitalization (Legacy Village 1).

Legacy Village is extremely essential for helping seniors who have some disabilities as well as those in the recovery process. It is therefore significant for this organization to develop a marketing plan that enables it to achieve its goals. The following table indicates budget estimates for the retirement living. This is one of the products, which Legacy Village offers to its esteemed customers. The budget shows the costs of services such as an advertisement in both print and electronic media.

Table of Cost Estimates for Retirement Living at Legacy Village of Layton

Methods to Evaluate outcomes of Marketing Plan on Retirement Living

It is highly prudent for Legacy Village to devise a method that evaluates the outcome of the marketing plan for retirement living. This is because evaluation of the plan is tremendously significant in establishing whether the organization has accomplished its set goals and objectives (Berkowitz 200).

This therefore means that the marketing plan should give tangible results for the success of Legacy Village. Some of the ways that the health organization in question can use include, bottom up approach, negotiated approach, and objectives approach.

Bottom-up approach entails getting feedback from the consumers of the retirement living service. This will help the management at Legacy Village to have deeper knowledge of the demands of their customers. On top of this, organization will improve the quality of its services hence satisfaction to the customers.

Negotiated approach is a method that encompasses collecting comments from a big number of people. This will assist Legacy Village elicit and attract potential customers to use their products. This organization can create a strong database, which will enable current and potential customers to post their feedback.

A third method, which is sound for evaluation entails objective approach. The organization in question can use statistical data such as records and surveys (Berkowitz 195). This therefore calls the organization to keep the data of any transaction and activities safely. The three ways of evaluation, which this report has highlighted can benefit the Legacy Village in their mission to care for seniors.

Work Cited

Berkowitz, Eric. Essentials of Health Care Marketing. New York: Aspen publishers, 2011. Print.

Legacy Village. Legacy Village, Layton. Web. https://www.legacyretire.com/

Summary

Thomas Nast was born on 1840 in Germany before relocating to New York City in 1946 (Anonymous, 2008). It was during his time in New York that Nast studied art. After his study, he began his work as an artist with several papers. Thomas Nast was a famous cartoonist who is widely known for his work.

During that time, artists were required to convert photographs or images into line art in order to be prepared into blocks that were them used in printing pictures on papers. This required the artists to look at the picture keenly and then come up with the original image.

Nast was mostly doing such kind of work in his early days. However, he never received enough recognition for this, as he was working through other people. In other words, his effort was not attributed to the newspapers (Brown, n.d). Therefore, Thomas Nast’s role began as soon as he started working as an artist.

Thomas Nast’s Role in the History of Print Media, Communication, and Politics

Thomas Nast played a significant role in the history of print media and politics. He was widely known as a political commentator, and through his work, Nast managed to impact significantly on political arena. For instance, his work as an artist contributed to the success of Abraham Lincoln’s election for the second term as a president (Anonymous, 2008).

Nast also contributed significantly to criticizing the corrupt leaders in the country (Anonymous, 2008). By so doing, Nast managed to facilitate accountability among the leaders. Through his artwork, Nast managed to pass effective political messages, which to some extent had an impact on the people.

In his work, Nast managed to bring about visual impact. All these were facilitated by the ability of his work to direct or control the public’s opinions (Conn. 1989). By managing to control the public opinion, Nast managed to have a great influence on politics. For instance, his specific topic on certain field would have a big impact on people’s mind on how they viewed certain topics.

During the civil war years, Nast’s work hand a great impact on people. For instance, he did a lot of work that was against slavery.

This compelled people to demand for their freedom. In other words, his work incited people to really understand their suffering and act accordingly. Moreover, his work revealed the southern people as big enemies and barbarous people (Scholars Resource, not dated).

William Tweed Cartoon Picture Made by Thomas Nast

As already noted, most of Nast’s work aimed at condemning some of the corrupt leaders. The cartoon below is one of these examples.

William Tweed as demonstrated by Nast. Source: Feiffer, J. (2000).

This cartoon was developed in 1870’s, the time when Tweed, who was a politician, was engaged in a scandal involving embezzlement of public funds. Nast later developed a series of such cartoons, which revealed other corrupt politicians.

In conclusion, it can be seen that Nast’s work had a significant impact on the way in which people viewed certain things. Who managed to influence people through his work, which he used to drive people’s emotions.

As already seen, he significantly influenced people from political aspect, as well as social aspects. This was demonstrated through his influence both in pre and post civil wars.

References

Anonymous. (2008). Works of Thomas Nast. Web.

Brown, R. (N.d). Thomas Nast: The Power of One Person’s Wood Engravings. Web.

Conn, P. (1989). Literature in America: an illustrated history. NY: CUP Archive.

Feiffer, J. (2000). American Political Cartoons: an Introduction. Web.

Scholars Resource. (N.d). Thomas Nast. Web.