Category: Internship

What a student wants to do after getting a graduation degree. Many of them might want to get a good job and many of them might be interested in starting their own business and some want to do other things. For getting a good job you require experience and for experience you need a job However internships are able to solve this problem, internships is a period of work experience offered by an organisation for a limited period of time they are typically undertaken by students and graduates looking to gain relevant skills and experience in a particular field. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internship Internships are much needed for a powerful resume. Internships are good when they benefit both employer and the worker. Some internship can pay you and some internships can be unpaid. Unlike paid internships unpaid interns have many disadvantages. So is unpaid internships are worth taking? In my opinion it is not.

There are many factors that prove that cons of unpaid internships over weights the pros. Firstly financial constraints is one of the barriers in order to take unpaid internship. Internships with no pay can cause additional financial stress on the students with a poor financial background. College fees are already so high, students belonging to wealthy family can afford to work for free. Mostly these jobs are located near high cost areas and students have a burden of paying rent and manage other expenses. This will only increase the work load of the students to manage their time and expenses which can result in poor studies or a much stressed life.

Unpaid internships are not much beneficial for a graduate or student because internships only aims to provide work experience they do not guarantee to provide a job. According to NACE, the average salary median of paid once was $51,930 while that of unpaid once was $35,721, and those who never did any internship got an average pay of $37,087, which is more than unpaid once. Companies usually employ a person who had a paid internship or a part time job because they think paid interns are more responsible and determined to their work. An internship can only help to build a resume but it never guarantee you to give a job so what is the point of an unpaid internship? (https://content.wisestep.com/top-pros-cons-unpaid-internship/)

The economies of unpaid internships are obvious. Employers are desperate for cheap work and free labour. abuse of unpaid interns has occurred. Unscrupulous businesses sees an opportunity for free labour and reduction in employee salary and they present a profit making role to a person looking for intern experience.(recruiter) unpaid internships has turned out to be a course of business or employer to earn advantage. Unpaid internships are exploitive Nowadays many employers are taking unfair advantage of labour via utilising the competencies of the intern without spending a penny By this way companies get to save a lot of money on paying salaries and training those candidates while getting their job done. unpaid internships allows company to get fewer paid employees and drive down the wages. If companies hold to apply unpaid interns for getting their work done while not employing new graduates overexploit the newbies and have a impact on graduate to garb a good job causing unemployment.an unpaid intern have a disadvantage of having fewer employee rights considering an intern isn’t always the employee of that company it may bring about discrimination or maybe harassment. In an unpaid internship due to the fact that intern has no proper rights there may be no right law for protection in opposition to harassment within the operating location.

Internships are for students to get proper work experience. Unpaid internships may not be a good option for gaining proper training for a student. In a paid internships companies have to pay so they provide the necessary training and proper work to the intern which help the intern to gain skills while in an unpaid internship an intern can get a task which might not be directly related to work or the guide might not be interested much in giving you a task that carries importance to the company.

Lastly I want to conclude that unpaid internships are not worth taking and are exploitative. According to the statistics paid intern earn more money than unpaid once. Unpaid internships allows companies to get unfair advantage of work. Unpaid internships benefit the employer to get their work done for free which may lead to drive down the wages and get the company fewer paid employees. It also does not guarantee you a job. In many companies unpaid interns are not provided with proper training, as an unpaid intern employers might be given a task that does not carry importance to the company like bringing coffee or some random stuff. There are also many cases of unpaid interns being harassed in work places. So unpaid internships should be against the law.

Abstract

The internship is a career-based learning opportunity given by employers both in the non-profit and for-profit sectors to potential students which involves a “real world” work environment. It offers a hands-on opportunity for the students to work in their desired field. It is a period of time in which students can gain work experience related to what they have learned in their universities.

Internships can either be paid or unpaid. The trend is increasing towards the former. An intern works at the company for a fixed period of time, ranging from a few weeks to twelve months. Just like a job, you must go through an application process to get an internship. Applying and interviewing for internships enhances your job application and interviewing skills, which will be helpful when you will apply for a job. An internship on a resume differentiates you from other job seekers and makes you more competitive.

Introduction

Internships are becoming an increasingly common part of undergraduate life and early careers. Internship programs are highly popular among students in part because they represent an opportunity to learn about the world of work, build on classroom learning, and grow professional networks. Nonetheless, there has been much recent debate regarding the value of internships, especially for students at the undergraduate level. Several scholars and journalists have pointed out how internships—particularly unpaid ones— may provide the intern with limited educational or professional value. Internships are a growing, yet controversial, labor market phenomenon.

In particular, the issue of unpaid internships has been the source of legislative, judicial, and ethical debate. Students who completed internships as part of their university degree are better at making career decisions and are more satisfied with their career choices.

Why is internship important

The importance of an internship experience cannot be overstated. Today, employers favor prospective employees who have done not only one internship but multiple internships. A college education will serve to propel a graduate into a profession by conferring a degree, which demonstrates an academic proficiency in various theoretical and practical examples of ways that a job might be performed. An internship makes the classroom’s abstract theories and learned examples concrete by placing the student in a real-life work situation with real-life co-workers performing actual professional tasks, which the job encompasses.

Therefore, the payoff of an unpaid internship is that you will gain invaluable professional experience, where your self-confidence and self-esteem grow, and statistics indicate that the percentage of the odds that you’ll be one of the people who finds a job easily dramatically increases, which after all is why you’re going to college in the first place. Your internship experience goes on your resume as professional experience.

Benefits of internship

Internships are temporary. They can last from a few weeks to twelve months, with varying work hours but they can lead to long-term benefits, such as job opportunities in the company and increased knowledge about the industry. In addition, your supervisor and colleagues can be a reference for a job, college applications, or even scholarship applications.

Internships help a student identify their skills and interest.

Internships are a proven way to gain relevant knowledge, skills, and experience while establishing important connections in the field. Internships are also a way to find out if a specific field is something you could see yourself doing full-time.

Internship challenges you may face and their solutions

Unrecognized Work

The performance will not be noticed if we don’t tell anyone about it. You get into the office early, you stay late, you excel in projects assigned to you, and you even help out others and contribute to their success, yet somehow, no one seems to notice. It goes without saying that one does well in any field because one expects recognition. As an intern, you might be doing very well but still, find yourself in a position where your part is hardly appreciated. That can clearly be somewhat discouraging.

What to do: It’s natural to want attention, but you should not become completely dependent on it, or else each time you don’t receive the response you expected, you’ll find your confidence growing shakier than the last time.

If you continuously perform well your work can’t be overlooked. It is quite likely that you are new to the organization and are expected to be there for a brief time period.

Allocation of minor work

This is one of the commonest internship challenges faced by a large number of interns. While you might expect to be an important part of the organization, you are often offered just assisting jobs to your seniors and mentors.

What to do: Ask your manager or another co-worker if there is anything else you can help with: If you feel that you have done items 1-3 well, ask around if there are other tasks you can take on. If you are just making coffee for everyone, you need to take a step. Otherwise, it is quite normal to start with less-risky work. However, if you do well, you will soon be trusted by the authorities and allotted better assignments and projects.

Less Allowance

Undergraduates tend to be paid less than graduates or postgraduates You accepted an internship thinking that there won’t be much pressure and the compensation would be sufficient for it. But after you actually start, you realize the pay is far lesser than the work deserves.

What to do: You might feel that you and a full-time employee are doing the same amount of work still you are being paid so less. But interns are under a short-term contract and are paid less almost everywhere. If you are getting enough learning experiences and it is adding to your candidature for the future, there is no harm in forfeiting some of it.

Hesitant to Ask Questions

A common Intern Problem is asking questions. Your biggest hesitation lies in asking questions. What if asking questions will create an impression that you don’t know anything? So many thoughts roam through your mind. You’re not even sure which of your colleagues will help you or will they feel disturbed. You feel hesitant in interrupting them. You might land a really good internship but upon starting you realize that the work environment is excessively grave and professional. In such an environment, you find it difficult to ask questions for the fear of being judged.

What to do: Everybody out there knows that you are an intern so be confident enough to ask questions if you are not sure about something. It is always better to ask questions than doing a mistake.

Understanding the office culture

It sure takes time to understand the office culture. Since every organizational culture varies from office to office. Some have a rigid structure while others are flexible. Though organizations are moving more towards flexibility nowadays, some offices do have strict policies. Then again, there are some internal differences too. During your first weeks of socializing struggles, trying to observe organizational behavior is a challenge. Your perception is very important here since according to that you progress in socializing.

What to do: If you want to better understand your culture, look at your company’s priorities. These goals and initiatives reveal what your organization values and what it does not (both explicitly and implicitly). While every employee contributes to company culture, leaders have more impact and influence. Examine the messages your leadership team puts forth, and whether an action follows those words.

Understanding teamwork

Understanding teamwork is one of the biggest Intern Problems or Internship Challenges because teamwork in the professional sector is a lot different than your projects at varsity. Miscommunication, misinterpretation of the actual objectives, and different opinions of team members are common and vary from that of the project group work you’ve done. Also, mishaps in internal communication also affect your work. You find yourself not sure how to resolve many cases.

What to do: Establish a connection with each team member. As teams become comfortable with one another, their efficiency and productivity will improve as they build trust and confidence in each other.

Competitive Co-interns

Co-interns viewing each other as competitors can sabotage collaboration and teamwork. It can even cause workers to sabotage one another’s efforts in order to get ahead, leading to mistrust and fear. Some interns get frustrated by a work environment that feels competitive. Constant comparison can be exhausting and can eventually be demotivating.

What to do: Contrary to what it looks like, competitive co-interns make your experience a better one. You will get to feel the real pressure to work better and get noticed instead of just doing random work and completing your internship duration.

Unpaid Internships are exploiting youngsters

In the past, unpaid internships have become a common practice amongst companies. In order for an internship to be academically worthy, students doing internships in conjunction with their college coursework are expected to gain hands-on experience that helps them develop the knowledge and skills required to gain entry into their field. For every student who asks for a stipend, there is always that one person who is willing to do it for free.

The cracking down on unpaid internships has recently come to light due to employers seeking free labor with no intention of hiring interns in the future. One of the benefits of an internship is the training and establishment of a professional network with the hopes of being hired for full-time employment once the internship is over.

Unpaid internships have become more and more common since the recent economic recession. When evaluating, the growth of unpaid internships must be viewed in light of their effect on the intern and the overall economy.

There is also the inequality factor with unpaid internships since only students with financial means are able to do them because those students that are not wealthy need to make money.

When Unpaid Internships Are Beneficial

There are some instances where an unpaid internship still has its advantages, such as providing a student with experiences they could not get elsewhere, along with the opportunity to establish strong networking connections with professionals in the field. Excellent recommendation letters are another advantage that would help the student gain full-time employment with other organizations in the field. For non-profit organizations unable to pay their interns it’s not an issue; but for for-profit companies looking to save money, they could find themselves in the middle of a lawsuit that would cost them much more than if they had agreed to pay their interns.

Why are people still interested in adding internships to their resumes, even unpaid ones

Gaining Valuable Experience

The first, and probably the most important advantage of an unpaid internship, is the experience it provides. If you choose to spend your time in an unpaid internship to gain knowledge about a particular field, you will inevitably benefit from the time you spent doing so. While class time is invaluable, many things can be learned through internships that simply can’t be taught inside the confines of a classroom setting. In addition to this, unpaid internships allow you to apply the theories and practices you learned in the classroom, thus giving you a practical understanding of the subject matter.

Advantages for Future Employment

Probably the most convincing reason that a student chooses an unpaid internship is the opportunities it can provide post-graduation. In fact, many employers offer paid positions to the interns who worked with them in the past. Companies choose to do this because they have already developed a strong rapport with the intern, and in addition, they don’t have to spend as much time (and sometimes money) training the intern about the company as they would an external candidate. In a similar vein, putting an unpaid internship on your resume shows potential employers that you are willing to work hard no matter what the terms of the employment are.

Allows Students to Pursue Interests

An unpaid internship often allows you to explore a particular field of interest in order to help you decide if this is the path you should take. In a similar vein, because many fields are broad and offer a lot of choices, an internship can allow you to gain more specific knowledge or learn more about the area you want to focus on once you graduate. This is especially true in fields like medicine, finance, and technology. If correctly used, how internships can be used to frame the careers of the young generation into being skilled professionals

Introduction

Graduate employment opportunities are becoming rare by the day. With the global economic crisis that recently hit almost all sectors globally, the situation is worsening with some firms retrenching their staff. This is because it is not economically viable to maintain them when the firm is making losses. The few opportunities that are coming up as some of the sectors are recovering from the recession, are too few to absorb the growing number of jobless graduates. There are so many graduates chasing few opportunities. This mismatch is causing an alarming upsurge in the competition for graduate employment opportunities (DiConti 2004, p. 56). As a result, undertaking a work placement before leaving university has become quite lucrative as it is giving graduates a competitive edge in the job market. Both placements and work experience are recognized as vital components of an applicant’s curriculum vitae. United Nations is leading in offering internship opportunities to students in the universities pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate degrees.

United Nations offers internship opportunities in most of its agencies like the World Food Programme (WFP), World Health Organization (WHO), and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), amongst others. In all these agencies, students are exposed to different fields, given different tasks and responsibilities, allowed to work independently and accomplish the assigned duties (Knight 2000, p. 216). This enables the student to become responsible and independent in mind, become people who can work under minimum supervision, and can also choose to build up their career in the field they are exposed to. A report on an internship with the United Nations shows that the interns acquire practical and intellectual development during the internship period. They are also engaged in an element of self-assessment of their own experience, skills, and knowledge. It is also vivid that students acquire vast knowledge and excellent skills (Rittberger 2001, p. 25). They are also accorded a very high level of responsibility and independence. Each of these core values that an intern acquires plays a major role in their career development. Students also have expectations while undertaking an internship and at the end of the internship period, they need to evaluate their expectations to ascertain whether they have been met.

Objectives of UN internship program

One of the core objectives of this internship program is to enable students to enhance their educational experience through practical work assignments. In most cases, the knowledge acquired in school is theoretical (United Nations Department of Public Information 2008, p. 6). Internships, therefore, give the students a chance to merge what is learned in class with what happens in a real-life situation. Most of the students do not realize how good or how poor they are in the course they are doing in the university until they get into the corporate world. In some cases, the theoretical knowledge that the students acquire in school may prove the student wrong when they are unable to apply them in a real-life situation. The internship program, therefore, enables a student to continuously perfect what they learn in class through applying them in a real-life situation.

It is also aimed at creating a framework that allows university students from diverse academic and national backgrounds to be temporarily attached to the United Nations. This can act as a way of creating national and world integration because interns of the same or different nationalities can have a chance to work together for a common goal of the United Nations. This can create a praiseworthy cohesion between people of different nationalities or the same nationalities as they work together to achieve a common goal (Cowan & Oxana 2001, p. 23). It enables candidates to gain strong insight into the work of the United Nations to enhance their educational experience through practical work in an international organization. This makes the students gain international exposure and also become not only educated people but also learned.

The internship also provides training and assistance in various relevant professional fields. When students are given duties in keeping with their educational experience, they develop well in that profession. It is to some extent more profitable when a student is exposed to a different relevant area from their university course. This exposes them to a wide spectrum of knowledge in a different profession (Carter 2000, p. 134). This may also help the student to assess whether he made the right choice of the course being pursued in the university and can have a chance of changing his career.

It is also aimed at providing to the United Nations, on regular basis, the assistance of knowledgeable and qualified university students. To the United Nations, making use of these qualified students is much cheaper than hiring permanent people to perform the same duties done by these students. The UN, therefore, enjoys cheap labor in one sense but in a higher sense students benefit more (Saleem 2003, p. 193). Students are given responsibilities and assignments which enable them to apply their learned skills and knowledge in a real-life situation. This provides an opportunity for the students to assess themselves and see how effective they can be in applying their theoretical skills and knowledge in a real-life situation and also assess the applicability of what is learned in class.

Students’ expectations in UN internship

Although it is reasonably argued that internship is largely what you make it to be or what you make of it, most students have expectations of what to gain out of it. For UN internships, students have very high expectations that they will be given a contract after they graduate. In most cases, this expectation is not met. Other legitimate expectations are that the intern will not be overworked, get assignments that are relevant to their course of study, gain relevant experience that will be recognized even after they leave school, and acquire relevant skills and knowledge that will be helpful to their career development (Rosenau 1992, p. 29). They also expect to have a well-defined line of specialization while on internship. This is dictated by the skills that the intern is wishing to acquire.

The interns also expect that their works and responsibility will be as stipulated in the interview or hiring process but they should recognize that some changes may be inevitable as the employer responds to changing business conditions. They should give room for some of those inevitable changes which may even be beyond the control of the employer. If the internship is not voluntary, that is it is a requirement of the university, the intern expects that consideration is given to the assignment of a mentor or assessor to the intern, preferably the one who is external to the department where the intern is positioned. This gives the intern a chance to work freely without tension and without feeling that they are excess fully monitored and has no freedom to work independently (Carter 2000, p. 14). The intern also expects to be given an opportunity for growth personally, professionally and get skills to enable him to grow career-wise. Mostly the organizations like unite nations provide a good environment for all these perspectives of growth but growth itself depends on the willingness and the commitment of the intern. So as regard growth, the intern has the biggest role to play. The other expectation of the intern is that he will get a chance for association with his professional colleagues and role models and also an adequate, safe workplace for carrying out his obligations. This gives the intern freedom to do his work independently and to associate with people freely (Schon 1987, p. 17). Also, the intern expects that the company he is in will continuously evaluate his performance, alert him on his weaknesses and strength and also get suggestions on how he can improve himself and his performance, and also know the performance objectives. This will make the intern effective throughout the internship period.

Students should learn that although they see an internship as an opportunity to acquire experience, there is no guarantee that the experience will be acquired smoothly (Sargeant 1992, p. 123). There are stresses and difficulties but interns should learn that the best experience possible calls for a positive attitude, willingness to take the initiative, and openness. Interns should set goals and objectives before the internship begins and keep them clearly in mind throughout the internship and work to achieve them through and within the internship period. This will ensure that the student feels satisfied after the internship. Before a student sets his expectations of the internship, they should know what real internship experience is. To be more precise, the real internship experience goes beyond the managerial and technical details of the project and assesses the character of the intern in terms of what the intern is capable of doing. That is a test of whether the intern is resourceful, creative, resilient, how important he can be to the employer, can he do more than is asked to do et cetera.

Knowledge learned, reflection on skills acquired, level of responsibility and independence

For an internship to be effective and achieve the intended objectives, it must go beyond the trivial tasks of filling and documentation and engage students in experiential learning. The students must have an opportunity to put into practice what they have learned in class. In most cases, the employers do not allow the interns to practice what they have learned in class in a real-life situation this could be due to fearing that the interns do not have experience and may mess up with things in the company. However, the employer should know that it is their responsibility to ensure that the interns become effective workers (Roseau 1992, p. 89). They must train them on how to become effective workers. These interns are in search of quality work experience that ensures that their knowledge of their soon-to-be profession is well researched and thought out but not only for pastimes.

Every intern should be given assignments relevant to their areas of study so that every second is valuable to building their knowledge of that area of study. For instance, a student studying accounting will be spending more time doing accounting as a major and profession so that he can easily build up his career in that field. The internship requires students to make use of what they have learned and apply the knowledge gained in school to a professional setting so that they can have an understanding of whether they are interested in the field they are studying. In most cases, the employer may not at all be interested in knowing whether the student has acquired skills or not. However, the student must be able to evaluate himself to see whether he has been enlightened by the internship or not in terms of skill development or job knowledge. To know whether one has acquired the skills and job knowledge, the following points may act as parameters:

Throughout the placement, the interns must show that they have developed skills or job knowledge. If the student has gained the job knowledge and has developed the necessary skills to make him effective in doing the job, then we can say that the internship was relevant to him. Job Knowledge and skills mean that the student had understand how to perform a certain task without being guided by the employer or the supervisor. He must be able to perform everything necessary in that particular job on his own and can be entrusted with that task fully. It involves understanding all the steps involved in that job, how to apply them and when that job is considered complete.

The other parameter is for one to evaluate his contribution to the company he is attached to. This involves the new idea that one can claim that he brought to the company. Every employer wound wants to know the value that the employees bring to the company. If one does not add value to the company he is precisely a liability to the company. The intern should also assess how much has he contributed to the mission of the organization. They should first know the mission statement of the company they are in and do what they can to enable the company to realize its dreams. The mission statement shows the commitment of the company towards realizing its vision. It is the mission statement that guides what the company does. Every person working for the company must also work within the mission statement and so do interns. It is absurd to work for a company that you do not have its mission statement, it shows that the person does not know what he is working to achieve.

The intern should prove his reliability, attendance, and punctuality in the job he is doing. Learning to do a certain job also entails adhering to the guidelines set by the company concerning the job and applying them to accomplish that job. There have been cases where interns fail to attend meetings and training sessions. This means that the intern is not prepared to learn and does not have objectives and goals to achieve during the internship period (Sergeant 2002). Attending meetings and training sessions is not optional for the interns so long as they are part of it. The Punctuality in reporting for the job and any other meeting organized by the company is a very vital parameter of gauging one’s performance in the job. Interns should report for work at the time stipulated by the company constitution. Adhering to these simple rules shows the commitment and the passion that the interns have for the job assigned to them. It also indicates the interns’ willingness to gain experience and skills related to that assignment (Roseau). It becomes easier for the company to engage a committed intern into intensive training that will make them better workers. The interns should also prove their reliability by showing consistency of good results in everything they do. This shows that they are people who can be entrusted with that task any other time with minimal supervision.

The level of responsibility and independence given to United Nations interns is very high and makes them feel valued and as part of the United Nations. It is the responsibility of the interns to complete the assigned tasks independently and correctly. This makes the interns develop that sense of responsibility and become people of integrity. Working under minimum supervision also makes them more responsible and independent of mind. The United Nations interns learn a lot of skills that make them effective workers. For instance, students gain problem-solving skills because of being entrusted with tasks that involve solving problems in a real-life situation. Most students are used to solving problems in books but an internship gives them a chance to encounter the same in a real-life situation. This also gives them a strong insight into approaching problems in a real-life situation that they might not have acquired in school. This can also improve their performance in school as they will have a brighter approach to questions.

Students also develop excellent interpersonal skills. This is because the students interact with their workmates, their seniors, and even visitors who come to their workplace. The interns learn to interact with people of different statuses, levels of education, nationalities, and different posts within the United Nations. This kind of interaction is different from what they have in the university because in the university they mostly interact with the students and rarely with their lecturers. The kind of interpersonal skills learned in the internship is one of the core values needed by all employers. This is because organizations believe in teamwork for them to achieve their corporate goals. It would be hard for somebody with weak interpersonal skills to work well with other people in the company.

The internship also makes students work well in a team and also become strong team players (Saleem 2003, p. 23). This is because during the United Nations people work together as a team to achieve a common goal in keeping with the United Nations goals and objectives. This is a character desirable in any other working environment. It, therefore, gives the interns a competitive edge when looking for a job after school.

Interns also get a much better idea of what working entails. The internship is a real change from student life to working life which requires the students to get up early and report to the office. It makes the students get used up to the working environment long before they get into the corporate world. This spares them a lot of problems when they get permanent jobs after school. Mostly the kind of communication students engages themselves in while in the university is quite informal. The internship enables the students to develop strong formal communication skills (Saleem 2003, p. 25). This is because in the United Nations they work in a formal working environment where every communication which is work-related has to be formal.

Conclusion

Internships are very important and they prepare the students to become effective workers after they leave school. Students also learn a lot of skills that are desirable in any working environment. Students who have been on internships come out of school a people well experienced and ready to work. Organizations prefer absorbing students who have been on internships because they incur the organization’s little or no training cost because they are already used up to the working environment and have the desired skills (Sergeant). Students are encouraged to look for internships in organizations like the United Nations where interns are valued, well trained, and can learn a lot of skills. Statistics have it that students who have been on an internship with United Nations are easily absorbed into the job market because of the reputation of the organization and also the skills learned.

Students should take internships seriously because they engage them in a real working environment and they are expected to behave as employees of that organization. They must follow the rules and regulations stipulated by the organization’s constitution. They should also have expectations of what to gain from the internship, their objectives, and goals to achieve during the internship period. This way, they will be able to evaluate themselves and know whether the internship was beneficial to them. Internships are therefore worthy undertaking especially with reputable organizations like the United Nations.

1. Introduction

1.1 Rationale

I have been granted an internship at Devnet Limited to acquire the goal of being acquainted with the best practices of “Software Development” from an esteemed organization. During the period of my industry experience, I worked with the finest ones in this industry and learned cutting-edge tools to solve problems from the requirement of companies who are in the field of catching the feature of software development. I believe that the process which I have gone through can be narrated and submitted as a report. This report will focus on my experience and workflows in this regard.

1.2 Background

Devnet Limited is a global Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) – outsourcing service provider. They have excellent global market experience and good infrastructure and up-to-date technology in terms of software and hardware and are capable to handle any array of clients.

Their different services include image post-production or image retouching, website design, web application development, software with AI (Artificial Intelligence) solution for computer vision and image processing, and natural language processing. They are comprehensively supporting our valued clients around the world in quality and cost-effective ways and faster turnaround time We strive to build long-term relationships with our clients by being customer-oriented and providing our clients with the highest degree of service and flexibility.

Established in 2000 under the private limited company act of Bangladesh with an aim to serve globally Devnet Limited already achieved the trust of different clients from different regions on serving quality services in terms of time and cost and has a strong belief in providing better and better services in coming days.

Devnet Limited has been selected as one of the top IT companies in Bangladesh to create and support jobs by enhancing the export competitiveness of its ITES sector, by International Trade Center with the help

BASIS (Bangladesh Association of Software & Information Services), NTF III (Netherlands Trust Fund Phase III), DCCI (Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry), and BGCCI (Bangladesh-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry).

1.3 Objective

In this report, I intend to provide the purpose and effectiveness of the internship program. This report will discuss the workflows and the practices of the company to resolve the issues from the clients. The industry challenges that had to be dealt with to work for this organization will also be explained in this report. The following things will be the main focus of my internship report.

• Describing how to start developing AI application with python
• Describing the work environment of Devnet Limited.
• Describing experience and skills gained while working at Devnet Limited.

2. Activities

2.1 Work Related

Developing web applications with Python was one of the main tasks of my internship. I have used various modules to complete various tasks in my development procedure. I used Jupyter Notebook as my main development IDE along with various build tools and test frameworks. The following things need to be done for the development process to be completed:

• Design the application structure based on the requirements
• Prepare data preprocessing for a clean dataset
• Write structured codes with proper algorithms to create the required application
• Training the dataset
• Testing the dataset
• Test the application for all possible cases
• Take a review from my mentor
• Write proper documentation for running the app and further development
• Create basic user interfaces for the testing and using the features of the developed application

2.2 Organization-Wide

I have worked as a Software Engineer at Devnet Limited. My responsibilities:

• Analyze client requirements and design the application structure
• To create the complete AI implementation based on client requirements by testing different algorithms
• Maintain proper coding guidelines and formatting
• Ensure code understandability for future development and modification
• Update the team leader about the current progress and plans regularly

My contributions:

I have tried my level best to provide the organization with my knowledge and learning adaptability. I have studied a lot of documentation and tutorials from official websites and other knowledge bases. Exceptional case finding and fixing them was done very thoroughly on the

[bookmark: _bookmark7]applications. Client requirements were met following proper instructions. I tried to provide them with my level best cooperation to help them to provide their clients with proper feedback, estimation, and instructions about the development procedure.

2.3 Other relevant activities

• Learning the new things needed for the development procedure
• Cooperation with other team members for proper instructions on overcoming work-related challenges
• Helping colleagues with their work if needed
• Get proper feedback from superiors and colleagues upon improving skills and abilities
• Attending the office at proper work hours and providing full-time service
• Communicating with the clients on demand

3. Constraints/Challenges

3.1 Identified/Observed in the Organization

The working environment was mostly very friendly at Devnet Limited but as it was my first time in the professional world so I felt a bit awkward in my first month there. I was used to using Linux-based operating systems but had to use the Windows operating system for the most part. My suggestion would be to reason with the employee to use their preferred tools to ensure maximum productivity.

3.2 Academic Preparations

In our current academic curriculum for a bachelor in Computer Science & Software Engineering Computer Vision and Image Processing is partially covered in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition which is an elective course but Python language is not currently offered in any course. Python has gained a lot of popularity and many firms are shifting towards this programming language. I learned this programming knowledge outside of my academic education.

3.3 Personal/Professional Skills

• Clear concept about Object Oriented Programming
• Ability to create applications following MVT architecture
• Knowledge of two main Operating systems (Linux, Windows)
• Advanced Python programming skill
• Advanced JavaScript programming skill
• Programming skills with the Django framework
• Programming skills with Flask framework
• Advanced HTML and CSS skills
• Experience with Bootstrap.
• Advanced knowledge of source control (git)
• English communication

4. Acquired Knowledge

4.1 Consequences to Organization

Devnet Limited provided me with industry-standard training in computer vision and image processing with Python during my internship. It was very professional yet friendly and educational to work at Devnet Limited. I feel very special to work with the very best professionals in the software industry today. They have guided me with their utmost enthusiasm and introduced me to the cutting-edge tools of current technologies. It was an amazing beginning of my career in the field of Software Engineering.

4.2 Implications to University’s Internship Program

With the last tip of academic education and the first-bit professional world, this internship program is a great addition to the curriculum to get us into the professional world. I am very grateful for this opportunity of internship and hopefully, this report on my internship program will provide the academics with the experience and knowledge of my work during this process. Hopefully, it will help students to get the skills and mindset to pursue their careers.

4.3 Effects on Personal/Professional Skills

In this internship program at Devnet Limited, I have created real-world AI applications using Python. My concepts and skills in AI development got sharpened by working on some exciting and challenging projects.

5. Concluding Statements

5.1 Summary

Devnet Limited has given me a heartfelt working experience at the beginning of my professional life. The internship program made me accustomed to the professional work environment, office culture, and the technologies our industry mostly works with. It has helped me develop a good sense of timing, to proceed on my own in new technological challenges, and develop better analytical skills. The project in which I worked taught me to be harder working, patient and confident. The internship program has been a great helping the sense that it improved my teamwork capabilities. I learned that it is important to function as a unit and respect the teammate’s ideas and suggestions. I would like to convey thanks to my supervisors for providing me with an opportunity to gain an idea of the competitive environment in the professional field. I would like to offer my gratitude and utmost respect to all my colleagues, industry, and academic supervisors.

5.2 Recommendations /Suggestions for future strategic actions

5.2.1. Organization

It is a great experience in learning at Devnet Limited. They are providing a great service to society by both taking interns and recruiting freshers to introduce them to professional life. Arrangements of the monthly tours or get together would make a chance for the new members of the company to know more employees closely. It will help them to be inspired and increase their courage and productivity.

5.2.2 University

It was a great opportunity of getting firsthand experience of the industry given by the internship program at our university. I hope that our university will arrange affiliation with more companies in the industries and that students will get even better opportunities to see the best practices of the software engineering world.

5.2.3 Personal/Professional

During the internship, I’ve get acquainted with professional experience and knowledge. I also get used to the concept that I have a lot to learn and adapt to go with my career goals. This internship was a great experience I will always try to learn new things and give my best to the world.

Introduction

The internship is a helpful technique for students to interface their university involvement with companies exercise. It offers understudies a chance to hone their aptitudes, gain ability through taking a shot at cutting-edge preparations, and be comfortable with challenging certifiable conditions. Entry-level position likewise gives any scientific establishment a chance to get fully informed regarding new industry incline. And also, companies open doors from Internship programs to procure thought about the innovative work fields of the scientific community. In a word, a temporary position builds up connections between academic organizations and ventures.

I feel pleased with being a student of Computer Science and Engineering at the International University of Sarajevo since it gives me this good chance to me. An understanding of the experience that I picked up and the difficulties that I looked at in my working spot is provided by this report. It additionally gives a thought regarding how I adjust to the professional environment. A short portrayal of the workplace is added to this report.

Company Organization

BH Telecom gives very good media communications administrations to purchasers and business customers. It offers settled communication, portable communication, Internet access, and IPTV-incorporated administrations and moves cell phones, switches, and USB modems. The organization was established in 2001 and is situated in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Deliberately BH Telecom approaches corporate obligation truly, realizing that they are a piece of the quickly creating industry, and furthermore attempting to add to the welfare of the general public all in all through the supply of imaginative administrations.

With capable administration, putting clients first, executing new advances, and settling on great business choices, they figured out how to accomplish the best media transmission specialist co-op amid the season of extraordinary challenge in the broadcast communications advertise.

BH Telecom’s uniqueness, custom, wide scope of administrations, and elements of business improvement make them unmistakable on the media transmission showcase. They persistently participate with various local and remote organizations, which specifically add to the nature of administrations. As a socially capable organization, they take part in the regular advancement of BiH. society, adding to its improvement.

Internship

I have done my internship at BH Telecom company. Under systems administration, I managed setting up, directing, keeping up, and redesigning correspondence frameworks, and furthermore neighborhood and wide region systems for the association. As a part of my internship, I visited various spheres of BH Telecom company. My coordinator Mr. Nihad Kovačević introduced me to all the equipment, as well as how to work and maintain it. It was the first time I met such huge and unknown devices for establishing telecommunications. I came in touch and studied slots and ports for a short time (assigning free ports to new users, etc.), connections, and splitters. The main devices where all this is done and which BH Telecom company poses are mostly SIMENS, ERICSON, and ALCATEL. I have worked in their database with access systems and technical browsers. A huge number of incidents occur during one working day, so during my practice, I have been able to solve some of them myself.

During my summer internship, I have stayed in several different segments and sections of the company. So I had the great opportunity to learn the basics of AutoCAD, how to read from maps, and how to do AutoCAD backgrounds and folders. I had a brief touch with multiplexers and demultiplexers, protection of systems, and maintenance of systems.

Some of my exercises included link end, diagram of system topologies, setting up LANs, switch design, and printer arrangement on systems.

Under Web development, the field manager reviewed essential comprehension of web advancements utilizing database management using MySQL (Structured Query Language).

Under PC maintenance and fix, I managed fundamental equipment establishment, fundamental working framework establishment and enactment for example windows,7,8,10, framework rebuilding, document recuperation, information reinforcement, and Wi-Fi hotspot creation.

Through work and encounters, I achieved organizing, investigating, collaboration, teamwork, relational, and inquiring about abilities. The difficulties include:

• absence of enough hardware
• flawed gear for example compact disc ROM, RAM
• creasing instrument
• poor web association
• Investigating for Windows benefit disappointments
• seeing new specialized terms

And now a few words that I have learned about router configuration, Types of IP Address Assignment, PC links, and connectors

Router configuration

One of the main things that I was “trained“in was a router configuration. The essential measures noted before design are paying little respect to hardware mark or then again showing recognizable proof of the switch WAN port and switch LAN port was a fundamental area of appropriate links to interface the physical LAN and explicitly for Cisco switch arrangement because of the requirement for the legitimate module in the right link to the switch WAN, LAN ports. Design the switch programming setup, and arrangement of the switch to have the correct IP association plan, for example, DNS, IP subnets, and so forth so as to make a legitimate LAN association work.

For Using the Command Line Interface essential design on one of the machines, the establishment of the terminal test system programming was finished. The other essential switch designing strides on a network(LAN) incorporate the accompanying.

• Ensuring the switch is functioning obviously, by setting a few things were required, for example, setting the switch to do ip steering and keeping the producer’s recommended settings.
• Entering the interface arrangement mode.
• Typing in the interface IP address and subnet cover.
• Issuing an order to raise the interface.
• Exiting the interface arrangement mode to worldwide design mode.
• In the worldwide arrangement mode, enter the default passage.
• Testing and saving the arrangements.

PC links and connectors

Sequential ATA links are PC transport interfaces that associates have transport connectors to mass stockpiling gadgets, for example, hard circle drives, optical drives, and strong state drives.

IDE/ATA Connectors. The standard IDE/ATA hard circles and ATAPI gadgets utilize two unique connectors. The first is the information connector, to which the IDE/ATA link appends. The second is the power connector, which originates from the power supply, and obviously, gives capacity to the drive.

Relationship with supervisor

My field administrator was constantly accessible, gave restorative criticism, gave clear rules for the utilization of the hypothesis, was sufficiently capable, and the administrator offered the help of proficient improvement to me. My chiefs concentrated on capability with the achievement of meeting institutional association temporary position objectives.

Correspondence and input. My administrators dependably gave criticism to any made inquiry this empowered notes taking which was later written in my notebook.

Time the executives. My administrator was extremely time cognizant so I guaranteed that I was at the association once a day. Mr. Nihad, my field administrator gave more often than not gave time-bound assignments to guarantee a legitimate great time for the board.

My work team

The work group was made with individuals from various dimensions of capacities concocting cross-functional groups. My work group collaborated reliantly to accomplish a typical target that was dependably doled out. Its structure depended on the properties among people that made the group. In expansion, the group was made of homogeneous and heterogeneous dimensions of abilities in which group individuals all contain noteworthy contrasts among aptitudes, experience, and capacities. Through these commitments in the group, this possibly managed generally speaking execution results for the group which expanded execution, worker solidarity, and friends culture.

As a workgroup understudy part, I was direct and involved by doing a lot of the work expanding colleagues’ aggregate inspiration. What’s more, I was solid and reasonable by assuming proper acknowledgment and supplementing my work group abilities that made the group push ahead. For Teamwork being social I was a talented, and prudent, communicator with good vibes.

Conclusion

Finally, I can say that I am very satisfied that I have behind myself one such experience and practice. I’m flattered because I spent a month and more of hard work right in BH Telecom company. The internship time frame uncovered that educational programs in our university need adequate contribution from bosses of work, and the educating learning assets were horribly lacking (PCs, servers, switches, routers) scholarly staff were equipped yet lacking in number in a few divisions. Based on this notification, I finish up by saying that the outcome from insufficiencies in basic variables impacts the nature of program offerings and there are passes in the arrangement of students for field connection.

Since Jacobi Hospital is a large facility, it’s almost always very busy. I’ve learned a lot of different aspects of my field. This was one expectation I had before starting the internship, to learn different aspects of my field. My second expectation was taking orders from a manager and completing my daily assigned tasks. Although to some extent this expectation I had made before starting my internship was accurate, however, one thing that made this expectation different was that my manager gave me an opportunity to show my leadership skills and gave me an opportunity to manage a small team. I was very grateful for this opportunity as well as for the assignment assigned to me. The leadership assignment that my manager assigned me to was to host a fund-raising event to raise funds for breast cancer awareness. I never expected to be assigned to such a huge task like this. I defiantly learned a lot during this experience and acquired many new skill sets that I believe will help me in my future career path.

My internship has defiantly clarified if not changed my educational and career goals. One of the many benefits I have obtained from this internship is the meaning of leadership. As mentioned, before I was assigned to a project that I was not even expecting to be assigned to. I also learned that as a health administrator, you don’t always sit behind a screen and complete your tasks sometimes your work requires you to do physical activities. I learned that when I was assigned the fundraising task for breast cancer awareness. One of the things my manager insisted I learn was to think outside of the box. After I had completed this assignment at my internship, he told me the true reason why he had put me in charge of the fundraising event for breast cancer awareness. My manager wanted me to be able to think outside the box when an emergency situation was to occur, so as I completed my day-to-day task, she came up to me one day and told me how she was busy, and she needed someone to help her with the breast cancer awareness event. It was that day when I learned that as a health administrator you sometimes are assigned tasks that require immediate actions. This experience made me love my field even more because it assured me that I won’t be stuck doing the same task over and over again when I actually start my career and that I will have many different opportunities to work on a different tasks in order to gain new skills and learn different aspects of my field.

My study of fashion merchandising will contribute to my long range career plans by giving me an in depth look into the business side of the fashion industry. The fashion merchandising program at Kent State has a graduation requirement of studying abroad/away. They have studying abroad programs all over the world. Kent State also requires an internship to graduate. This would give me first hand knowledge and experience and help to further my career.

By interning while I’m still in college, I would get early experience in the fashion industry. I would get to see how the fashion industry works in the real world and not just a classroom. If I get my masters in business, I would have early experience and a higher education level than a lot of the people applying for the same jobs as me. Studying abroad would give me experience in a different country or part of the world that I can use in my career. I would get first hand knowledge about the operations of retail, the aspects of buying, and apparel merchandising. I could also meet new people and make relationships in different parts of the world while studying abroad that could lead to job opportunities.

By learning about different jobs in the classroom and applying those skills in the real world, I would be able to build up my career and have multiple different jobs in my career. This way I could gain more experience in the fashion industry and combine the skills and connections I make from studying abroad and and the skills and connections from the different jobs and have more opportunities. By studying abroad, I could make connections with the people and professors I meet and potentially be introduced to more job opportunities when I graduate because of these connections.

Since the fashion merchandising major is more focused on the business side of the fashion industry, I would have a lot more career options. With the business side having more jobs, this would be the perfect opportunity to start with small jobs and build up my career to the more professional and higher paying jobs. If I excel at my internship, I could potentially get hired back at the same place for a real job after I graduate. Kent State gives you a road map of what classes you would take and it shows that I would take a lecture class and then usually have a lab over it. This way I would learn how the industry operates and then be able to be hands on and actually work the stuff out. I would get to apply the skills I learned while I’m still learning and be able to determine my strengths and work on my weaknesses.

I would be able to make so many connections through my internship and studying abroad and use these connections to get job opportunities. Using the skills from my internship, I would be able to already have hands on experience and use it to my advantage. Getting my masters in business would potentially allow me to further my career and lead to other opportunities.

My study of fashion merchandising will contribute to my long range career plans by giving me an in depth look into the business side of the fashion industry. The fashion merchandising program at Kent State has a graduation requirement of studying abroad/away. They have studying abroad programs all over the world. Kent State also requires an internship to graduate. This would give me first hand knowledge and experience and help to further my career.

By interning while I’m still in college, I would get early experience in the fashion industry. I would get to see how the fashion industry works in the real world and not just a classroom. If I get my masters in business, I would have early experience and a higher education level than a lot of the people applying for the same jobs as me. Studying abroad would give me experience in a different country or part of the world that I can use in my career. I would get first hand knowledge about the operations of retail, the aspects of buying, and apparel merchandising. I could also meet new people and make relationships in different parts of the world while studying abroad that could lead to job opportunities.

By learning about different jobs in the classroom and applying those skills in the real world, I would be able to build up my career and have multiple different jobs in my career. This way I could gain more experience in the fashion industry and combine the skills and connections I make from studying abroad and and the skills and connections from the different jobs and have more opportunities. By studying abroad, I could make connections with the people and professors I meet and potentially be introduced to more job opportunities when I graduate because of these connections.

Since the fashion merchandising major is more focused on the business side of the fashion industry, I would have a lot more career options. With the business side having more jobs, this would be the perfect opportunity to start with small jobs and build up my career to the more professional and higher paying jobs. If I excel at my internship, I could potentially get hired back at the same place for a real job after I graduate. Kent State gives you a road map of what classes you would take and it shows that I would take a lecture class and then usually have a lab over it. This way I would learn how the industry operates and then be able to be hands on and actually work the stuff out. I would get to apply the skills I learned while I’m still learning and be able to determine my strengths and work on my weaknesses.

I would be able to make so many connections through my internship and studying abroad and use these connections to get job opportunities. Using the skills from my internship, I would be able to already have hands on experience and use it to my advantage. Getting my masters in business would potentially allow me to further my career and lead to other opportunities.

Executive Summary

The executive summary gives an overview of our internship which includes of learning, meetings and experiences. Our project starts with an introduction and market analysis of the Newspaper industry. This is an attempt to know how the theories can be applied in practical life so as it becomes helpful for the company to create awareness and sell of the Product as per the customers’ choice and requirement to fulfill their demands.

The first part of the project report consists of the general information of the industry and company that has been collected. The information is gathered through primary source. The information also indicates about the verities of different Newspaper that provides and how it would be helpful. It also include primary research carried on to support our concept “ જીતો 21 કરોડ “

The second part of the project consists of the analysis and findings research had come down to on the basis of the survey of 873 respondents. In which 30% of respondents already read Divya Bhaskar.

Mainly, my focus was to analyse and check on how to reach the audience and make them aware on exactly what “ જીતો 21 કરોડ “ is, how everyone can take part and get knowledge from the newspaper. The last part consists of the concluding part and the suggestion & recommendation we could provide to the company with the best of our knowledge and beliefs.

Introduction

Figure 1 Print Media

The Print Media is one of the most important pillars of democratic system in our country, which is the largest democracy in the world. As many as 1,18,239 publications (Newspapers & Other periodicals) have been registered in India till 31st March,2018 witnessing a constant growth of the Print Media. The rise in the number of registered publications is a pointer to the fact that proliferations of audio, visual and digital media have not adversely affected the substance and growth of Print Media. It continues to empower the common man to assert his right and to participate in strengthening the democracy.

Print Media has responded appropriately to the new changes and challenges with its modern approach. It has embraced Information Technology, which resulted in better coverage with great speed and affordable price. The newspaper industry was, in many ways, was the news sector hit first and hardest by the advent of the digital age. As readers began to move online, papers were still producing strong profit margins with the vast majority of revenues tied to their legacy product. So, for the newspaper industry—culturally more tied to content creation than to engineering, change came very slowly—if at all. Within a few years, the industry found itself far behind the technology giants—and behind their readers’ changing news habits—in shaping the future of news. Since then, the pace of change has only accelerated. While the industry has finally begun to experiment with new revenue streams as well as new ways of creating content and engaging with audiences, the numbers are far from reassuring.

Registrar of Newspapers for India (RNI) is an attached office of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and a statutory office under Section 19(A) of the Press & Registration of Books Act, 1867.

The main objective of this Act during British period was to keep a record of Books and Publications published in the country. The Act has been amendment 22 times since then (11 time before independence and 11 times thereafter).

Office of registrar of newspaper for india. came into existence in 1956 with headquarters at New Delhi. there was also a Regional Office at Shimla, looking after certain functions related to Registration, till 1977.

A booster shot from the general and state elections and greater credibility will make the print media a dominant force in India in 2019, surpassing an impressive growth rate of 2018, Magna Global, a division of media agency group IPG Mediabrands, had forecast.

As per the report, print media ad revenues grew 5.6% in 2018 to Rs 22,121.8 crore, and it is expected to go up to Rs 22,424.3 crore in 2019.

Shashi Sinha, CEO, IPG Mediabrands, said print is also growing because of the credibility it offers in this era of fake news. “India is the only market in the world where print continues to be dominant and is growing in all aspects — circulation, readership and geography. The medium is growing strongly on the back of language, which has led to the growth in the number of language newspapers,” Sinha said.

Newspaper and Periodicals were published in all the principal Indian languages mentioned in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution except Bodo, Maithili and Santhali. The largest number of Dailies were brought out in Hindi (3,838) followed by Urdu (1,145), Telugu (950), English (815), Marathi (540), Gujarati (445) and Kannada (426). There are more than One lakh Newspapers and Periodicals are published in Launguage.

There are 27,705 reporters were working for 8,201 Daily publications. Out of them 7,432 served for 553 ‘Big’ Dailies, 10,432 for 2,216 ‘Medium’ Dailies and 9,841 for 5,432 ‘Small’ Daily publications. Income from advertisements is the main source of revenue for publications. Out of 8,201 Daily publications, which supplied data pertaining to advertisement, 732 Dailies, (90 Big, 195 ‘Medium’ and 447 ‘Small’) derived more than 75 per cent of their income from advertisements and 1,382 Dailies derived 50 to 74 per cent of their income from advertisement.

Out of 8,930 Dailies and Tri/Bi-Weeklies that furnished their circulation data for 2017-18, 45.72 per cent were published from Big Cities with a population of 1,00,000 and above (excluding Metropolitan Cities and State Capitals), remaining 30.17 per cent were published from State Capitals, 12.88 per cent were Small Towns and 1.12 per cent were published from Union Territories.

The Indian Readership Survey (IRS) is the largest continuous readership research study in the world with an annual sample size exceeding 2.56 lakh (256,000) respondents. IRS collects a comprehensive range of demographic information and provides extensive coverage of consumer and product categories, including cars, household appliances, household durables, household care and personal care products, food and beverages, finance and holidays. IRS is not restricted to survey of readership alone but is synonymous with both readership & consumption across various FMCG (Fast-Moving Consumer Goods) products throughout India. IRS covers information on over 100 product categories. IRS is conducted by MRUC (Media Research Users Council) and RSCI (Readership Studies Council of India).

Ownership of Publication

Form of Ownership Number of Newspaper Percentage of Total

Government 57 0.19

Firms/ Partnership 215 0.17

Individuals 26750 88.82

Others 120 0.40

Joint Stock Companies 2084 6.92

Society / Association 539 1.79

Trusts 352 1.17

Total 30117 100

*This data is based on a Rolling Average of data from last two quarters of IRS 2017, first quarter IRS 2019 (Q1) and one fresh quarter – Q2 of IRS 2019 , published on 14th August 2019.

Dailies Readership – All India

TR TR TR AIR AIR AIR

‘000s 2017 2019Q1 2019Q2 2017 2019Q1 2019Q2

Dainik Jagran (Main) 70377 73673 72559 20241

Preface

Internship at Nestle Pakistan Ltd.(Kabirwala Factory) was an attempt to seek experience of the corporate lifestyle, professional exposure to the market, build and enhance professional ethics for future. The idea was to understand the corporate structure, and culture while developing skills needed to thrive, of one of the leading global multinationals whereas applying the knowledge and skills acquired during the academic career. This wonderful experience of just 6 weeks proved to be a high inclination in the graph of my personal learning.

Acknowledgment:

First, all praises & thanks to Almighty ALLAH that I avail this opportunity for completing this period of internship, then I pay all my respect and praises to the greatest man of universe, Holy Prophet Muhammad ( PBUH ) for whom all this universe was created.

I am heartily thankful to Mr. Hammad Nabiwhose encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding of my projects at every step during this period. I am also thankful to HRSG office staff members they gave me full assistance regarding my area of responsibility. They were very cooperative and willing to help when I faced any problem & asked for help. There was a very good learning environment. I will always remember their cooperation and support.

Lastly, I offer my regards and blessings to all of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the internship.

Muhammad Zubair, MBA(Marketing), BZU

Nestle History:

Henry Nestle, the founder of “Nestle” created the trademark of the Nest, a translation of his last name. In German , Nestle mean “Little Nest”. The symbol showing 2 young birds being fed by their mother perched in a nest on an OAK tree depicts in motherhood, the arm, and loving, caring, protective and sincere feelings of a mother for her younger ones. So this symbol helps to give a visual sign that nobody other than Nestle can care about its consumers friendly. It shows that the Nestle provides the purest food product to its consumers because it is as sincere with them as a mother. It is universally understood that this reflects the maternity and affection, and thus helps to draw a visual link between the name, ‘‘Nestle’’ and its products. Nestle is the world’s lesding nutrition, health and wellness company. The company employs more than 280,000 people and has 456 shows in 1866 in Vevey, Switzerland, where it is still based, Nestle has often been called ‘‘the multinational among the multinationals’’. Only about 1.5percent of its sales are generated in its home country, and all but 12 of its factories are= situated abroad. The CEO is a Paul Bulcke, and the General Management includes a Belgian, two Canadians, one Dutch, a Frenchman, a German, a South African/British, three spaniards, one Swiss, one American and one Swiss American. Nestle is a truly public company with over 250,000 shareholders of which around one third are Swiss. As the world’s leading nutrition, health and wellness company, Nestle is the worldwide leader in product categories such as soluble coffee, infant nutrition, bottled water, condensed and evaporated milk, ice cream, as well as chocolate and malt drinks, and culinary. The Group is also a co-leader in pet care. The Company is committed to delivering shareholder value through sustainable, capital efficient and profitable long-term growth. Over the past years it has concentrated on furthering organic growth and performance improvement.

Mission statement:

At Nestle, we believe that research can help us make better food so that people live a better life.Good Food is a primary source of Good Health throughout life. We strive to bring consumers food that are safe, of high quality and provide optimal nutritionto meet physiological needs. In addition to Nutrition, Health and Wellness, Nestle products bring consumers the vital ingredients of taste and pleasure.

Vision statement :

The Vision of the Nestle Group is ‘‘Nestle aim is to meet the various needs of the consumer every dah by marketing and selling food of a consistently high quality. The confidences that consumers have in our brands is a result of our company’s many years of knowledge in marketing, research and development, as well as continuity – consumers relate to this and feel they can trust our products’’.

Slogan:

‘‘Good food, Good life’’

A Little about History:

The credit for the foundation of Nestle goes to a real man Henry Nestle.

He said:

“The thought that my invention could save the lives of so many children encounter enormously the financial gain was not the prime motivation”.

(Henry Nestle 1869)

Nestle Pakistan limited

(Formerly Nestle milkpack Limited)

Nestle Pakistan is a subsidiary of Nestle S. A. –a company of Swiss origin headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It is a food processing company, registered on the Karachi and Lahore stock exchanges. For five years in a row, the company has won a place among the top 25 companies of the Karachi Stock Exchange. Headquartered in Lahore, the Company operates five production facilities. Two of its factories in Sheikupura and Kabirwala are multi product factories. One factory in Islamabad and two in Karachi produce bottled water. Through its effective marketing and a vast sales and distribution network throughout the country, it ensures that’s its products are made available to consumers whenever, whenever and however.

Nestle has the unique ability to provide a complete range of food products, services and wellknown brands to meet the needs of consumers around the world.It is not a faceless corporation catering to faceless consumers, but a human company providing a response to individual human needs. It respects the cultures of the countries it operates in and recognizes the need for quality of life of their people.

In line with Nestle’s global philosophy, Nestle Pakistan is proud of its commitment to excellencien product safety and quality and to providing value and services to it’s consumers. On the socialfront it acts very responsibly when it comes to environmentally sound business practices and corporate social responsibility. Nestle Pakistan operates in Many ways but people, products and brands are the main flag bearers of the Company’s image. On the one hand, it has brought prosperity to farmers through an assured and growing income resulting from sale of their milk, and on the other, it has enabled Nestle Pakistan to collect better quality milk in quantities it needs.

Realizing that rural women play an important role in animal husbandry and milk production., Nestle Pakistan has pioneered the concept of inducting women milk promoters in its team to educate and encourage rural women to increase per animal yield. Four teams comprising three women each are currently working in the field. Results being encouraging, more teams are planned.

By taking this professional help and guidance to the farmer’s doorsteps, that they otherwise would find dificult to access, coupled with incentives for increased milk production and a good prompt return for their milk, the company is playing an important role in creating opportunities of economic growth for dairy farmers.

Introduction of nestle Kabirwala factory

Kabirwala is situated near Khanewal city and Nestle factory is located at 4 Km Khanewal road Kabirwala. The distance of Nestle factory from Khanewal is 6 Km. It has beautiful and clean building.

Kabirwala factory was established in 1983. Located in front of Punjab province, Kabirwala Dairy Limited (its then name) started its Operations with the production of UHT milk in 1984. It was taken over by Milkpak Ltd. In 1990. Maggi 2 minutes noodles and milk powder plant started their productions in 1992 and 1996 respectively.

In 1996 UHT production was shifted to SKP while production of Nestle Culture Butter started in 2000.

Dry mixing line was installed in 2002 to produce Every Day tea whitner, while Desi Ghee line was installed in 2003. On February 7, 2005 Nestle KBF joine GLOBE GO LIFE that performs as a facilitator to achieve long-term business growth.

As a result of management commitment and dedicated effort and hard work of Kabirwala factory staff at all levels it got the high status in milk powders category amongst all the nestle factories around the world in 2007.

Kabirwala Factory has got the potential of expansion in existing and extension in the new categories in the future.

This Factory Fact book was created with the modest aim to provide the Reader with a flavor of this factory’s growth over the years and the present role.

The brief history of the development of Nestle Kabirwala factory is as under:

• 1980 Established locally by Mr. Syed Fakhar Imam as Faisal Dairies
• 1990 Merge with Nestle
• 1992 Maggi Noodle’s Plant was installed
• 1996 Powder milk Plant was installed(IST Egron)
• 2002 D.C. (Distribution Center) Establishment
• 2003 Desi Ghee Plant was installed
• 2004 N2 Self Generation Plant
• 2006 Installation of Liquid Dairy Plant
• 2007 Powder Milk Plant (2nd Egron)
• 2008 UHT Cream Plant
• 2009 Commission of Probiotics & EVAP 3
• 2010 Production of Eight new products
• 2011 Production of three new products, extension of RP store & fuel storage tank

Currently Nestle is installing Automation Plant for packing

Product History:

1984 liquid milk based products

UHT milk

Nestle Milkpak LTD:

• 1990 Joint venture with Nestle
• 1992 Maggi noodles local
• 1995 Maggi noodles export
• 1996 UHT production stopped and shifted to skp
• 1996 Milk powder bulk
• 1997 Coffe packing
• 1999 Nido 1000 gm
• 1999 Milo packing
• 1990 Joint venture with Nestle
• 2000 Maggi Yakhani discontinued
• 2000 White butter

Nestle cultured Butter

Nido

• 2002 Packing of Milo and coffee discontinued

Everyday

• 2003 Desi ghee

NIDO MQV-14NIDO MQV-14

• 2006 Liquid Milk
• 2007 E.day04G
• 2008 E.day Mixed Tea (1000g, 400g, 40g)

MilkpakCream 200 ml

2009 NidoBunyad

2010 Nido 1+ and 3+ probiotic

2011 Nesvita

2012 Krunch chocolate

Some other products in pictures

Nestle System

• Nestle has best systems but others are also consulted. Following are the own systems of Nestle
• Nestle quality management system-NQMS
• Nestle good manufacturing practices-NGMP (production, environment, building, designes)
• Safety, health environment-SHE
• Total performance management-TPM (make polices to support business)
• Nestle continuous excellence-NCE
• Certifications
• Certifications of Nestle Pakistan Ltd.are as under
• ISO 14001(Safety)
• OSHAS 18001(Safety)
• HACCP (operation pre-requisite, critical control point, pre-requisite programmed)
• Integrated pest management (IPM)

ISO 2200 granting (combination of HACCP related to safety and ISO 9000 related to quality and many more things).

A successful GLOBE system that works for Nestle around the world in order to communicate confidential data

As a result of management commitment and dedicated effort and hard work of Kabirwala factory staff at all levels KBF got the high status in milk powders category amongst all the Nestle factories around the world in 2001. It was achieved because of continuous improvement drive and passion to become best in the world.

Kabirwala Factory has got the potential of expansion in existing and extension in the new categories in the future.

History of RS & F:

In 1985, Khawaja Salah Uddin established Pak National Distributors, it is the first firm of PND Group. PND is the business partner of highly reputed companies such as Uniliver Private Limited and Nestle Private Limited . Tariq Glass and Asian Food were also the business partners of PND in recent past. Snapshot of PND Group is as follows:

• PND commenced retail franchise for Unilever Pakistan for Bahawalpur City in 1985 and as token of appriciation for the dedication and eamestness of PND towards work, Unilever offered the business to other firms of PND Group.
• PND expanded its business with other leading multinationaals dealing in convinient foods and accepted the retail distribution of Nestle Pakistan Limited in 1987. Later on PND diversified in the related field and accepted handling agent offer from Nestle Pakistan for entire southern Punjab in 1991.
• PND expanded further by business partnering with Tariq Glass Industries (OMROC) which is one of the leading table ware company (glass manufacturer) in Pakistan, by accepting a retail franchise of Multan in 1992. This business was abandoned in2013.
• PND joined hands wath Asian Foods (Private) Limited (MAyfair), one of the largest biscuit and confectionry company in Pakistan, as handling agennt for entire SouthrenPunjab in the year 2009. Subsequently, PND started retail distribution in Bahawalpur and Multan in 2009 and 2010 respectively. This business was also abandoned in 2012.

Task 1: Working of distribution

First of all the working style of Nestle Distribution was identified. This working style includes their hiring system, distributional task such as stock handling, vehicle handling, market handling, team handling and audit through merchandisers. Distributional hierarchy includes Distribution manager, Sales Supervisors, Order Bookers and salesmen. Sales supervisors are responsible for secondary sales and OB’s performance. The person for any post is selected through proper interviews. They are given handsome packages supported by incentives. Stock handling includes stock at distribution and stock to be availed for distribution through primary sale. Vehicle handling is one of the major part of sales. Vehicles are sent on the assigned route for proper supply of stock according to the booking of OB’s.

Task 2 Visit of different market channels

During the internship the market visit of different market channels was completed. There are four different market channels set by Nestle which are as follows:

• General Trade:

GT includes small and big retailers. RSF 2 is covering more than 3000 shops in Multan in its specified area.

Local Market Trade:

LMT includes bakeries and Large Grosser’s in this market channel.

• Wholesale:

Wholesale includes Ghala Mandi of Multan.

• Key Accounts:

Key Accounts include big stores like Chase up, Ideal Mall and Latif Super store.

Task 3 SWOT Analysis was also completed during internship.

During the internship the SWOT analysis was completed on nestle. Neslte has many plus points which give it priority over other companies.

Strength:

The name of Nestle is the one of the best example of its strength. The kind of image it is having in the mind of people is the greatest strength of it. Well, there are many strengths of Nestle in its product line. Fruita Vitals is well reputed and well known brand of nestle. It is a nector having flavors Chaunsa, Red Grapes, Pineapple, Peach, Guava, Kinnow and some other flavors are recently added as well. There is no other competitor of such product of Nestle regarding the quality and taste. Another strength of Nestle is mango fruit drink Nestle Nesfruita which provides a large numbers of sales to the company. In dairy portion Nestle Everyday liquid is known as tea whitener. Marketing strategies of Nestle are also the strengths for nestle.

Weakness:

The target market of Nestle milk pak is upper middle class and higher class and it is not targeting the lower middle class or lower class. Lower middle class cannot afford its premium prices and as we all know that most of the population in Pakistan belongs to the lower middle class. Because of that is not generating the sales which are expected from it. Another weakness of nestle is that it is not properly advertising milk pak. Other competitors are focusing on the advertisement through proper channel while Nestle keeps milk pak at last in advertising and it is causing loss in market share of milk pak. In 2017 the market share of Milk Pak was 52% while all other brands were just 42% of the whole market share while in 2018 the market share of Milk Pak was reduced to 48% and that is alarming for nestle.

Opportunities:

There are multiple opportunities for nestle. It can increase the sales of yogurt through providing quality and proper advertisements. Nestle can also increase the sales of Milk Pak through proper advertisement. Nestle can increase the sales through credit facility. As much as you facilitate your customer, your sales increase. Coffee brands of Nestle are also the opportunities for Nestle. Company can develop the taste of coffee among masses through proper working and there are no well known competitors in coffee products for the Nestle.

Threats:

The biggest threat for the Nestle is the decreasing market share of Milk Pak as the company is costing a large amount on production of Milk Pak and if it is not properly controlled the company can suffer a huge loss because of not just advertising properly. Current economical situation is also a threat for the company. Pakistan’s economical crises are increasing day by day and it can cause a great loss for the company.

Task 4 Safety Tools Check

Safety Tools of all factory have been checked.

Observations

Mostly boxes were not fully equipped with tools. Even most of the boxes were not having the hand sanitizers and cotton rolls. Fire alarm was out of order.

Boxes of UHT need to be changed.

Suggestions

Make office boy responsible for completing all missing items.

Audit of first aid box should also be made in order to maintain safety precautions..