The COVID-19 pandemic is associated not only with severe damage to the respiratory system but also with mental health concerns. Social isolation has become a necessary safety measure, which has not considered the impact on the psychological and emotional state of many people. Thus, informatics can help identify and evaluate the concern of mental health issues through analysis of large portion of data and provide evidence-based care using electronic health records (EHRs), imaging results, and so further.
The recent public health concern is related to the mental illnesses induced by social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. A literature review by Loades et al. (2020) shows that previously healthy young people face negative outcomes of isolation even more frequently. The results demonstrate that this population category has high rates of depression and is likely to have anxiety during and post-pandemic (Loades et al., 2020). Therefore, mental disorders in young patients must be addressed effectively using information technologies.
Informatics has become a crucial component of medical facilities, which helps provide effective care to patients. Electronic health records (EHRs), brain imaging data, social media, and mood rating scales can be useful in locating evidence (Graham et al., 2019). Technologies can help track the stages of a disorder to identify when the intervention can be the most effective (Graham et al., 2019). Informatics can assist in research as it allows analyzing large portions of data regarding depression and anxiety among children and adolescents, which facilitates defining patterns of morbidity. In the case of improving patient outcomes or initiating preventive measures, it is also possible and desirable to use information technologies, especially in the era when almost everyone is on social media. For example, it would be useful for parents of children with mental disorders to have an opportunity to apply to a doctor online and receive instant answers to bothering questions via Skype or chat. Within the framework of public health intervention, one can introduce an online program to educate populations about healthy activities that prevent mental disorders.
Finally, informatics can be effectively used in addressing mental health issues among children and adolescents. The challenge has become acute during COVID-19 and continues to grow. Information technologies can help locate appropriate evidence on patterns of morbidity. Moreover, it is possible to use them to educate parents to improve patient outcomes for their children. At last, social media can be a platform for public health intervention.
The Sunbeam agreements refer to financial arrangements between the American Medical Association (AMA) and Sunbeam Corporation. Sunbeam Corporation is a manufacturer of medical devices and other pharmaceutical products. Sunbeam paid the AMA millions of dollars for the right to use the AMA trademark on its products and in commercials (Nanda, 2002). As a result, Sunbeams deals have become a matter of controversy. Thus, it is essential to determine whether Sunbeams agreements call into question the AMAs credibility.
The question of the AMAs credibility with the public has been raised by the concern that these financial dealings may influence medical decisions of doctors. According to some critics, the AMA has compromised its integrity by accepting money from Sunbeam, which could undermine public confidence in the medical profession (Nanda, 2002). In order to demonstrate its credibility, the AMA adopted measures to address concerns about conflicts of interest. Therefore, the organization established stricter guidelines for financial interactions between medical providers and manufacturers of healthcare products (Nanda, 2002). Moreover, the AMA has introduced a policy of disclosing any financial arrangements with private companies. Nevertheless, the opinion that the AMA has violated the essence of the law and undermined public trust in its activities has been widely spread in the public area (Nanda, 2002). Consequently, the financial gain and privileging of certain companies indicate a monetary advantage for the AMA, which still affects the decline in confidence in the organization.
In summary, the agreement between the AMA and Sunbeam Corporation caused a significant public outcry and reduced the level of credibility of the organization. Even the measures that the AMA took to disclose its financial activities and create transparency for the public did not stop the criticism in society. Hence, the AMA-Sunbeam transaction caused considerable damage to the AMAs reputation by generating a substantial monetary income from a private company, potentially threatening the quality of patient care.
Reference
Nanda, A. (2002). The American Medical Association-Sunbeam deal (A): Serpent on the staff meets Chainsaw Al. Harvard Business School, 1-16.
Physical exercise can be defined as any body activity that maintains body fitness and the entire body health status. It must be done for a number of reasons such as improving muscle strength and joint structures, improving energy levels and reducing the risk of heart diseases.
It also helps in naturally lowering or controlling blood pressure level, improving immune system, enhancing healthy weight maintenance, boosting the immune system as well as an excellent stress handler. Biological studies reveal that healthy exercise reduces levels of hydrocortisone. Physical exercise can be broadly categorized into three types based on the overall effects they can have in the body.
The first category is the flexibility; it involves exercises such as body stretching to improve the range of muscle and joints motion. The second category is anaerobic exercise; which includes cycling, swimming, and rope skipping, running or even walking that focus on increasing cardiovascular endurance. The third category is anaerobic exercise; which includes weight, functional and eccentric training or sprinting.
Discussion
Physical exercise plays a tremendously role in reducing the risk of acquiring heart disorders such as heart attacks and stroke. These heart defects are most likely a factor in the reduction of human life expectancy. Healthy body exercise helps in strengthening the heart and lungs thus increasing the efficiency of the heart muscle.
It improves the hearts pumping ability by regulating the blood and oxygen circulation in the body. Regular exercise enhances the heart muscle functionality and blood flow. It reduces the chances of developing blood clots, lowers heart resisting rate and relieves stress on ones heart. Being fit before a surgery also helps in quick recovery from the operation.
Many recent studies have shown that exercise naturally lowers and control blood pressure. This helps in reducing the risk of developing high blood pressure (hypertension). Healthy exercise yields to a stable condition reducing the level of medication dose one can take when ill. Studies have also revealed that a healthy body exercise lowers the blood level of fats and unhealthy cholesterol, which may contribute to the hardening and contraction of the arteries.
This may render one vulnerable to heart attack or stroke. By reducing the chances of contracting illnesses caused by winter weather such as common colds, moderate body exercise have been shown to boost the immune system. Good exercise also helps improve the quality of sleep giving the body ample time to rest and rebuild its defenses.
Exercise helps in weight loss and maintenance by elevating the metabolism thus more calories are regularly burned. This catalyses the breakdown and utilization of fats for energy during any activity and can result to a reduction in the Body Mass Index to a height ratio.
This figure is vital in the prediction of risk for developing conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, stroke and cancers. Regular body exercise has also been known to be an excellent stress handling by lifting the moods leaving one with something positive to focus attention on, reduce anxiety and provide a positive base to release stress.
For example, one can play football or run as a form of exercise and forget his stressful moments. This helps boost self-esteem and confidence providing a better ground to handle emotional stress. The mental benefits gained from exercising are of equal importance to the physical ones. Good exercise just makes one feel calm by bringing the overall feeling of quality life. It helps improve the physical appearance, body posture, and mental outlook of someone.
Healthy body exercise can also help improve muscle strength, joint functions and joint structures by boosting the strength of bones, muscles and tissues. Regular exercise makes the body adapt to these non-regular body activities leading to a gainful growth in strength. This enhances the ones ability to perform daily chores more easily and conveniently.
Exercises that involve weight bearing such as running and long-distance walking is critically vital for women since it helps reduce the risk of osteoporosis (low-bone density) and body fractures. Studies have revealed that substantial exercise helps improve joint health for all people, especially arthritis patients by increasing the thickness of cartilage in the joints, thus protecting them against wear and tear. Healthy exercise may leave one tired in the early stages of an exercise program.
Gradual exercise helps one adapt to this new body requirement increasing the body aerobic requirement capacity, endurance and stigma. This helps one to improve the energy levels enhancing the ability to spend a day with less energy expenditure in performing the daily tasks.
Conclusion
Although it is essential to exercise as a daily body requirement, too much of this can sometimes be dangerous. Exercising without proper rest can lead to developing conditions such as stroke and other circulation problems leading to heart rhythm abnormalities. This is mostly experienced by athletes who train for large marathon events. It is advisable to consult a doctor before making a radical change from the current exercise routine to a new one to avoid inappropriate exercise activities.
The increasing demand for healthcare delivery and care providers professional responsibilities to offer high-quality services necessitate the incorporation of research evidence in decision-making processes. Therefore, BSN-prepared registered nurses should embrace evidence-based practice (EBP), which is an essential component beneficial to them, patients, and healthcare institutions. EBP prepares BSN-prepared registered nurses on different aspects of patient care, healthcare management, and leadership vital in contemporary practice. According to the University of Maine Fort Kent (2019), the integration of EBP in nursing provides RNs with scientific research, allowing them to make well-founded clinical decisions.
EBP also ensures that BSN-prepared registered nurses remain updated about patient cares new medical protocol. The nurses can increase patients chances for recovery by researching documented interventions that fit the profiles of their clients. The application of EPB enables BSN-prepared RNs to evaluate various researches to understand the effectiveness or risks of treatments or diagnostic tests (Eastern Illinois University, 2018). Moreover, EBP allows BSN-prepared RNs to integrate technology into their practice and enhance their capability to formulate health policies and engage actively in health advocacy.
The two ways in which I will continue integrating EBP in my practice and encourage it in my work environment include actively participating in inter-professional and inter-wards discussions and engaging in continuous learning. The discussions will allow me to know and access what other healthcare professionals have researched about illnesses and treatments and apply the evidence in my practice. Participating and promoting constant learning among new RNs about EBP will encourage them to adopt and make it a culture in the health institution.
Lack of adequate institutional support and nurse turnover are key obstacles that can hinder the implementation of the EBP plan. I would involve the facilitys management in designing and implementing the EBP plan and enlightening them on why it is necessary to gain their full support. According to Colwell (2019), nurse turnover can be mitigated by encouraging the management to devise various programs for motivating the staff, such as training, to retain skilled professionals.
References
Colwell, F. (2019). Leadership strategies to improve nurse retention. International Journal of Nursing, 6(1), 17-184. Web.
The assigned article is a fascinating source of new knowledge regarding exercises mental health effects in drug detoxification. One interesting takeaway from Salmons (2001) review is the existence of evidence to argue for physical exercises protective impacts, especially about depression. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that regular exercise is inversely related to the intensity of depressive symptoms in those undergoing drug detoxification (Salmon, 2001). Protective influences are explicit in patients engaging in anaerobic exercises, such as body-building programs, but not aerobic training (Salmon, 2001). One question that I still have pertains to the various approaches to research about the topic. Specifically, I wonder if cross-sectional and longitudinal explorations differ about the aforementioned takeaway.
Question: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies
In the context of body-building as a possible option to avoid depression in the post-detoxification stage, cross-sectional (CS) and longitudinal studies are important. The first difference between these study types pertains to the number of patients surveyed. CS studies or observational research with one data collection session have been numerous, with some studies featuring samples that exceed 50,000 participants from various age groups (Salmon, 2001). In contrast, longitudinal studies are rarer due to being more complex to conduct, with the largest one exploring exercise-depression correlations in over 10,200 male patients (Salmon, 2001). Thus, in terms of generalizability, CS research might be more reliable.
Another difference stems from the studies essential methodological dissimilarities, such as the duration of data collection. CS research on the topic suggests exercises overall negative connection to depression, with no consideration given to exercising individuals depression scores before developing such routines (Salmon, 2001). As opposed it, longitudinal studies inspire more specific predictions, indicating that regular exercise correlates with depressed individuals better mental health in the longer term, for instance, eight years after treatment initiation (Salmon, 2001). Despite dissimilarities, both study types are rather consistent in demonstrating exercise as a variable to reduce depressive symptoms in all socio-demographic groups.
In the first scenario, the health information administrator has used their status and knowledge to violate the privacy of a consumer. Jane has disclosed that the condition of the absent member was different from the one that was publicly known, disclosing information without consent.
State the problem: Consumer information was disclosed in a violation of privacy.
Check the facts: The RHIA had access to additional information about the consumer. The information was not disclosed to other individuals, and appendicitis was used as a justification for hospitalization. RHIA disclosed information to a third party.
Identify stakeholders: Both healthcare providers and their potential clients are stakeholders in this case.
Developing a list of options:
Use non-disclosure agreements or other binding documents to enforce compliance
Improve staff training regarding consumer privacy
Weigh the options: The legal option allows medical organizations to have more legal leverage against possible cases of sensitive information disclosure. It is better than the alternative of violating patient privacy ( Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs) for Healthcare Practices, n.d.). However, it can be difficult or impossible to ensure compliance in settings outside of the workplace. Training the staff to be more capable of keeping information safe, however, will provide healthcare organizations with long-term change.
Make a choice based on steps 1-5: Based on the information accessed, option b is better.
Review and reflect: The change will contribute to fewer cases of disclosing sensitive information and can be the start of a cultural change within the organization.
Scenario 2
At least two ethical violations can be observed in the 2nd scenario. Dr. Smith has knowingly used examples of another surgeons work as his own, which violates the codes 11th principle. The RHIA verifying this information willingly participated in this unethical practice.
State the problem: Use of fake professional experience and participation in unethical practices.
Check the facts: Dr. Smith used the patients an older surgeon operated on as examples of his work. James recognized Smiths fraud but decided to go through with the fellowship application.
Identify stakeholders: The main stakeholders in this case are the American College of Surgeons. The organization has a responsibility before its clients, and its members to uphold standards regarding the conduct and qualifications of their members.
Developing a list of options:
Deny Dr. Smith the fellowship position
Introduce additional ethical checks into approving new members
Test the options: The first option deals with the issue of Dr. Smiths lack of qualification. Comparatively, it cannot prevent similar acts from occurring in the future. Introducing other experts into the process, on the other hand, allows for to improve of the application process.
Make a choice based on steps 1-5: Option b seems more effective and beneficial.
Review and reflect: In systematically addressing the issue, this decision allows future fellowship candidates to be checked thoroughly.
Scenario 3
An RHIA chose to attend to personal matters instead of job responsibilities, violating the need to advance the RHIA profession.
State the problem: Martha used the time allotted for the HIPPA workshop as an opportunity to go shopping.
Check the facts: Martha was sent to San Francisco by her hospital. Given the ability to review footage in the future, Martha chose to purposely avoid a meeting. Martha went shopping at the time of the meeting.
Identify stakeholders: Marthas hospital, Martha herself, and Marthas customers all exist as the stakeholders in this case. The hospital expects Martha to learn and grow as a professional, while her customers directly benefit from her increased qualifications.
Developing a list of options:
Create a system for monitoring attendance
Punish Martha for abusing her work privileges
Test the options: Punishment could work to deter Martha as an individual from repeating this mistake. However, this would not help to systematically prevent such an occurrence. In addition, this can paint the hospital as strict with its employees.
Make a choice based on steps 1-5: In this case, it would be more advantageous to go with the option a.
Review and reflect: This would permit the hospital to create a framework for helping their employees uphold better standards.
Scenario 4
Erica, a RHIA lies about her qualifications for the sake of receiving a high salary job.
State the problem: Erica knowingly presents incorrect information to her future employer.
Check the facts: Erica earned a degree in one program, but claims she earned it in another.
Identify stakeholders: Ericas future employer is the main stakeholder in this case.
Developing a list of options:
Terminate Ericas employment
Allow Erica to prove her qualifications to the employer
Test the options: Termination would address the issue of Erica being potentially underqualified for her position. Alternatively, a test can enable her to retain the job and prove her capability.
Make a choice based on steps 1-5: Option A is chosen.
Review and reflect: It would be more appropriate to terminate Ericas employment contract, as she willingly disclosed false information.
Scenario 5
Jack influences the decision of the board of directors for his benefit, exhibiting a conflict of interest.
State the problem: There is a conflict of interest connected with Jacks work position.
Check the facts: Jack works for MediUpdate while also being on the board of directors. He uses his position to advocate for choosing MediUpdate, exhibiting a conflict of interest.
Identify stakeholders: The Health Information Management Association is the main stakeholder.
Developing a list of options:
Remove Jack from the board of directors
Remove MediUpdate from the list of potential candidates
Prohibit board members from advocating for companies they have a stake in
Test the options: Removing Jack would take care of the immediate problem, but allow similar cases to emerge. Alternatively, removing MediUpdate would provide the same effects.
Make a choice based on steps 1-5: Option c would be the best choice.
Review and reflect: Option c creates a framework for addressing future conflicts of interest.
Caring for the elderly has been one of the main concerns in this society for a very long time (Scott 2011, p. 78). The aged, just like the young, are very delicate and deserve special care, treatment, and close attention. Unlike the young, these old people should be taken care of with a lot of dignity.
According to Harbert (2011, p. 90), for the past several years, the elderly have not been given the required attention and carein the community in various countries. In some communities, there has been a tendency of neglecting the aging population. However, as Mayers (2004, p. 67) explains, there is agrowing global concern for the aged.
Various ways of caring for this group have emerged with the emergence of various governmental and non-governmental organisations concerned which are focused on caring for the elderly people.Burger (2014, p. 89) points out that the United States, through the Department of Health and Human Services has been of great influence to many nations on the concern for this people (King 2009, p. 72).
The United States has one of the largest non-profit making organisation that cares for the ageing population. The Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society is reported to accommodate a very large population of the elderly in 22 States of America.
There areother special care centers for the aged in the United States(Monette 2014, p. 82). This care is known as the Acute Care Of Elder Units. According to Chenoweth (2005, p. 71), this care provides a home-like setting for the elderly within a hospital.
Other nations like Canada and Australia have also designed their various ways to care for the aging population in the society (Crews & Whittington 2000, p. 86). In Australia,The Aged Care Systems have been developed to help this population.
Although most of the aged in this nation prefer home care given by their youngerrelations in their place of residence, the government has come up with agencies and bodies that offer specialised care to the aged (OConnor 2009, p. 83).
The Australian Aged Care Quality Agency
This is an Australian aged care agency that was formed to oversee the service provision of the home care service bodies in this nation (Mortell 2014, p. 112). As outlined in the law, this agency performs various roles. One of its main roles is accrediting the residential care services.
Croft (2008, p. 77) says that this is important because of the need to monitor the kind and quality of services provided in various aged care service units (Sauber 1983, p. 75). The aged requires a unique kind of an environment, possibly with no form of a nuisance and therefore, the location of homes for the aged should follow some unique criteria (Bajjaly 1999, p. 88).
Once erected, the agency makes frequent follow ups to review the quality of care services provided to the agedin these homes (Braithwaite 2007, p. 81). This agency is also mandated to identify and register care quality assessors to assess the quality of care provided in various homes, and determine whether they meet the required care standards (Emener 2009, p. 67).
Through these assessors, the agency is able to get the information on the aged care services which meet the required standards and enable the agency to act accordingly. In so doing, it will be possible for the department to accredit homes that offer care of high quality to the aged and discourage those offering poor quality care services (Pillemer 2012, p. 71).
Therefore,the accreditation and disqualification of the aged care services in Australia is within this agencys mandate. The agency also gives information, training and educational sessions to the aged home care service providers to improve quality provision of care services they offer to the aged (Anastas 2012, p. 91).
The researcher, concerned with care provided to the aged, made an arrangement with one of the representatives of this agency within the region to inquire more on the services itoffers to this group (Morgan &Hiltner 2002, p. 90). The interview was basically meant to know how this agency provides for the aged. The interview was as follows:
The Interviewer: what is the official title for this Human Service Agency?
The interviewee: The official title for this agency is Australian Aged Care Quality Agency
The interviewer: What is your title within this organisation?
The interviewee: I am the programs officer.
The interviewer: Can you outline how this agency provides for the aged?
The interviewee: This organization offers a lot to the aged. Care provision to the aged is a responsibility of every member of the society.
The young generation should actively participate in providing and taking care of the aged, knowing that they shall also one day be in that stage and will require to be provided for by others. This organization offers shelter, food, medical care, clothing, and emotional support to the aged. It is a big family for the aged in the society.
The interviewer: How does your agency provide for the aged? What resources are available for this task?
The interviewee: We offer the above services using resources we get from donations by individuals and other charitable organizations. We also get some support from the well wishers..
The interviewer: In your view, are there other resources or information that this agency could be providing to this group?
The interviewee: According to me, the organisation is offering material and emotional support to this group. Based on the emotional status of the individual clientele, the service offered may vary.
The interviewer: To what extent is this organisation aware of research in this area, and how does it use it to improve its service delivery?
The interviewee: This organization has been involved in a number of researches in this area. It has been using the interview to determine the changing needs of members of this group.
The interviewer: What particular lifespan development theory does the agency subscribe to, and how is this evident in its operations?
The Interviewee: We subscribe to Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development. This is evident in the manner at which we maintain our clienteles always motivated.
From the interview above, it is clear that in Australia the issue of provision for the aged is a big concern. As per the interviewee, the increasing population of the aged is really worrying and the society should come up with ways to provide for them.
It is very clear that little has been done in offering quality care for this group. Much is yet to be done. As recommended, the Australian government should partner with all the relevant service providers in meeting the needs of this group (King 2009, p. 78). It should lay emphasis on full participation of the society in doing the same.
Besides this, the government should come up with policies that are focused towards meeting the needs of the aged in the society. This collaborative approach will ensure that the aging population get quality healthcare in the society.
Works Cited
Anastas, J 2012, Research Design for Social Work and the Human Services, Columbia University Press, New York.
Bajjaly, S 1999, The community networking handbook, American Library Association, Chicago.
Braithwaite, J 2007, Regulating Aged Care: Ritualism and the New Pyramid, Edward Elgar Publishers Cheltenham.
Burger, W 2014, Human services in contemporary America, Brooks, Belmont.
Chenoweth, L 2005, The road to social work & human service practice: An introductory text. Thomson Learning, Southbank.
Crews, J & Whittington, F 2000, Vision loss in an aging society: a multidisciplinary perspective, AFB Press, New York.
Croft, H 2008, The Australian carer: A training manual for aged care workers, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
Emener, W 2009, A guidebook to human service professions: Helping college students explore opportunities in the human services field, Charles C Thomas, Springfield.
Harbert, A 2011, Human services for older adults: concepts and skills, Springer Publishers Company, New Jersey.
King, D 2009, Paid care in Australia: Politics, profits, practices, Sydney University Press, Sydney.
Mayers, R 2004, Dilemmas in human services management: illustrative case studies, Springer, London.
Monette, D 2014, Applied social research: a tool for the human services, McMillan, London.
Morgan, E &Hiltner, J 2002, Managing aging and human service agencies, Cengage, New York.
Mortell, M 2014, Making strategy count in the health and human services sectors, Cengage, New York.
OConnor, M 2009, Organisation practice: A guide to understanding human services John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken.
Pillemer, K 2012, Elder abuse: Conflict in the family, Auburn House Publishers Company, Dover.
Sauber, S 1983, The human services delivery system, Columbia University Press, New York.
Scott, K 2011, Long-term caring: Residential, home and community aged care. Elsevier Australia, Melbourne.
One of the most prestigious and influential medical associations in the US is the American Medical Association (AMA). However, the organization has come under heavy fire due to its participation in the Sunbeam deals. These agreements involved Sunbeam, a producer of home medical devices, endorsing goods in return for payments to the AMA. The Sunbeam agreements have sparked concerns about the AMAs credibility and dedication to advancing quality healthcare.
The Sunbeam deals ethical implications severely threatened the AMAs legitimacy and public support. One particularly unsettling example of this problem was the household products that the AMA endorsed as part of the Sunbeam agreements (Nanda & Haddad, 2001). Although the products were advertised as a treatment for several medical problems, there was little proof of their effectiveness. The AMAs support for these products indicated that the organization was more concerned with promoting profitable medical procedures and patient welfare than with upholding moral principles.
The Sunbeam deals constitute a significant challenge to the reputation and public image of the AMA. As a result of the crises extensive media coverage, patients and doctors developed unfavorable opinions of the organization and its dubious business practices (Nanda & Haddad, 2001). However, although the Sunbeam deals created a lot of controversies and raised questions about the credibility of the AMA, it was not the first incident. In particular, the legal and regulatory challenges to the AMA in the 1970s and 1980s were significant factors in the erosion of public trust (Nanda, 2004). These challenges suggested that the AMA was engaging in anti-competitive practices.
As the Sunbeam deals legal infractions jeopardized the AMAs reputation, the organization has taken action to resolve the situation. The AMA has brought charges to settle the issues raised by the Sunbeam deals, including reimbursing the funds it received from Sunbeam and putting new rules in place to avoid conflicts of interest (Nanda & Haddad, 2001). However, the organizations initial behavior undermined its credibility and raised questions about its capacity to represent the interests of patients and physicians.
In conclusion, the Sunbeam deals raise several issues regarding the AMAs credibility, including moral dilemmas and harm to the organizations image. Although the AMA has taken measures to address these problems, the scandals can have a long-lasting effect on the organizations reputation. Ultimately, it can be said that the AMAs reputational harm brought up by its endorsement of dubious products harms its mission to advance public health.
References
Nanda, A. (2004). American Medical Association. Harvard Business School.
Nanda, A., and Haddad, K. A. (2001). The American Medical Association-Sunbeam deal: Serpent on the staff meets Chainsaw Al. Harvard Business School.
The school may sometimes be a place of increased risk for students. Therefore, it must be the presence of special equipment that can be useful to save a life. However, in some cases, its presence is not enough since it is located in the wrong place, which complicates the procedure for assisting. Due to the lack of a defector, it is essential to analyze the situation in the necessary accessibility to determine the causes and nature of the problem.
The Issue
The problem is that the school does not have quick access to an automatic emergency defibrillator. This could lead to a severe tragedy during the cardiac arrest of one of the students at a sporting event. The defibrillator was locked in the pantry of the caretaker and was not available to the coach who followed him to assist the viewer with heart problems. This situation can potentially lead to fatal consequences, making it relevant to consider and search for an immediate solution.
Determining Responsibility and Solutions
The issue under consideration is in the jurisdiction of the school nurse since it directly concerns the security and well-being of students and the school community. At school, it is the nurse who is responsible for the location and availability of medical equipment for emergency cases (Mason et al., 2020); thus, since this item belongs to the emergency equipment, the nurse in the right to demand that the defibrillator is always within the availability of all teachers and students.
A Real Issue or a Symptom
Lack of access to AED is not a particular problem torn from the context of the whole situation. In it, it can be traced signs of a more serious problem without a clear policy or protocol to respond to emergencies at school. The absence of such standards can significantly complicate access to the necessary equipment during school sessions for the health of hazardous students in emergencies (Mason et al., 2020). In this case, the necessary promotion of the correct location of the subjects of assistance at the school by the nurse can help to solve a more significant problem since she will be in her jurisdiction. The school nurse should also advocate developing a clear policy or protocol for responding to emergency situations at the school to take away children in the future.
The Degree of Urgency
At the same time, considering the situation and a potential death output, we can say that the problem requires an immediate solution and cannot be postponed. This problem directly concerns the safety of students in schools and, accordingly, should have a high-priority of solution. Processing actions can potentially lead to fatal consequences, so solving the problem as soon as possible is extremely important.
Self -Realization of the Problem and its Ignoring
The problem with the absence of AED in the place is that it cannot go through it until it affects it. Accordingly, this issue cannot be ignored since it directly concerns the security of students. The expectation that the problem is resolved by itself can not lead to anything and, in addition, cause negative consequences if the incident is repeated (Loschiavo, 2020). Ignoring the problem aspect, respectively, will not give results since the risks will be too high. In the case of a fatal case, the school will fall on the nurse who could not provide the proper arrangement for emergency assistance.
The Possible Solutions
Possible solutions to the problem may be a nurses performance and the requirement to move the AED to a more affordable place where it can be easily obtained if necessary. In addition, the requirement of the preparation and approval of the necessary policy in relation to the arrangement of emergency assistance at school will also be a practical action. In addition, a good option would be to conduct an introductory lesson for all staff and school students with a story about how to use AED (Mason et al., 2020). Nevertheless, for these solutions, there are certain risks, such as the cost of acquiring and servicing AEDs, the possibility of improper use of AED, and the need for constant training and teaching AED.
Specific Steps
Specific steps are to be taken to solve the current problem of school nurses. First of all, the nurse should meet with the school administration to talk in detail about the problem and promote creating a school policy for storing emergency medical equipment. The nurse must constantly cooperate with the administration to ensure the availability of AED at all events at school and make the environment safer for everyone (Loschiavo, 2020). Another step will be the training of everyone who is involved in the school to use the defibrillator to make sure they do it right.
Personal Involvement in the Problem
Not only the nurse but also the school administration should participate in the decision. In addition, it will be helpful to involve coaches and service personnel in the process as they can help promote the decision and maintain further rules (Pannag et al., 2021). This will guarantee that the changes will not be made just like that and will receive real support in their implementation and compliance. A school nurse needs to work with all stakeholders in order to develop the right policy regarding the storage of the necessary equipment.
The Power Leverage
The lever of power at the school to achieve the necessary solution is in the administration since it is it that is responsible for the introduction of new stands. This governing body has the right to distribute resources and manage the provisions of the proper use of equipment. Thus, acting on them, the nurse can achieve positive changes in school policy in order to ensure the safety of all those who are in the institution. The reaction policy to emergency situations can only be adopted after approval by the administration.
The Use of Power
In this situation, the school nurse has several types of influence and powers. First of all, it is a legitimate power that comes from the provision of a school nurse as a medical worker responsible for the health and safety of the school community (Loschiavo, 2020). This provision is based on an official position and obliges the employee to obey specific regulations and manage the healthcare spheres at school (Mason et al., 2020). In addition to this, the nurse also has an expert force, which means that this specialist is unique in the workplace and can make appropriate decisions. The school nurse also has a referent power that provides them with appropriate respect and a certain level of trust as a medical worker who can help (Loschiavo, 2020). Using these types of powers, the nurse will be able to achieve the correct decision and eliminate the problem.
Conclusion
It is worth saying that the life of students may depend on the storage and location of the provision of emergency assistance at school. Therefore, much attention should be paid to this as correct. It is and immediately solves the problem in the case of its bait. In the opposite case, the demonstration of the rules of medical security may lead to the death of someone. It is imperative for a nurse to determine the problem and begin to act because the correct location of AED is their direct responsibility.
References
Loschiavo, J. (2020). School nursing: The essential reference. Springer Publishing Company.
Mason, D., Perez, A., McLemore, M. & Dickson, E. (2020). Policy & politics in nursing and health care. (8th ed.). Saunders.
Several factors determine the need for collaboration between the American Medical Association (AMA) and businesses. Economic justification and reputation determine whether cooperation is justified from a rational point of view. The contract between the Sunbeam Corporation and the AMA reflects these issues. The collaboration between the AMA and the Sunbeam Corporation was practical when the association required financing, and this interaction did not harm the reputation of the healthcare professionals.
The first critical detail is that the time context determines the justification of the deal. The Sunbeam Corporation signed an agreement with the AMA to provide the products for the home in return for the annual royalties from the sales (Nanda, 2002). The deal was prolific in the 1970s when it was articulated because the number of healthcare professionals who were members of the AMA declined significantly (Nanda, 2002). The association required money to continue functioning, and the commercial deal with the Sunbeam Corporation allowed the AMA to solve its financial problems. Therefore, when the agreement was signed, it was rationally justified because the AMA required royalties.
The second vital detail is that the medical association needed authority in the professional community when the deal was signed. Nowadays, the AMA has a high professional status, and its affiliation with another company means that the professional community supports the products the Sunbeam Corporation sells (Nanda, 2002). Therefore, it is responsible for the quality of these products, and all possible problems with these items harm the AMAs reputation (Nanda, 2002). In other words, the AMA has a good image in the professional circle, and it should be cautious of the contracts it signs with commercial organizations to protect its name.
It allows concluding that the Sunbeam deal be dismantled for two main reasons. First, the AMA does not need money from the royalties to support its work, which justifies the signing of the contract. Second, this deal has a controversial impact on the AMAs reputation, which is unacceptable in the contemporary context. The American Medical Association should protect its image and name and decrease the number of potential problems with its affiliated companies.
Reference
Nanda, A. (2002). The American Medical Association-Sunbeam Deal (A): Serpent on the staff meets Chainsaw Al. Harvard Business School 801(326), 1-16.