For the patient satisfaction survey involving a population of 600 patients, the most suitable sampling method is Stratified Random Sampling. It involves the separation of the target population into subgroups, based on specific differences identified by the researcher to increase the randomness of the samples. Consequently, there will be several subgroups from which the random samples can be picked. The method has seven stages, namely, defining the population, selecting the stratification, listing the population and listing it according to the stratification, working out the proportionate stratification and finally using the random sample (Fink, 2002).
Application of Stratified Random Sampling
The target group consists of 600 patients of different age groups, racial backgrounds and suffering from various conditions among other heterogeneous factors. In this case study, age will be used to categorize patients into desired subgroups. When patients are grouped, there will be five age clusters, starting from 65 and above, between 64 and 41 between 40 and 25, between 24, 16, and 15 and below. Using their ages to stratify patients, the researcher can minimize bias arising from the different age related interpretations of satisfaction. The method will ensure they get a balanced picture of the satisfaction levels, depending on how each age group views the services they are receiving (Fink, 2002). Using a different method such as non-stratified random sampling may result in having too many people from one particular group sampled. As a result, stratified random sampling can be justified in that it provides a highly representative sample, owing to the probabilistic method used.
Labor-intensive and expensive
There are two main challenges that one will have to contend with while using this stratified random sampling method. The first is that, it is very labor intensive and requires several people to work at gathering all the requisite stratification data. In addition, it is also very time consuming, which makes it very expensive. A proposed solution to counter this challenge could be for some of the patients to act as volunteers in administering the study to their fellows.
Divergent definitions of satisfaction
A second challenge the researcher will encounter is that the varied age groups in the study may have very different definitions of what they consider satisfactory. Given the age difference between the elderly and the very young, it may be difficult to get questions that the two extremes can relate to on equal terms. For example, teens may want more attention from the nurses and other caregivers, while the elderly patients may require much less. As a result, the study will need to be designed in such a way that the questionnaire questions are understood in the same way by all patients irrespective of their age. Admittedly, getting perfection is difficult, if not impossible, however, the situation can be improved by ensuring the administration of the survey involves open, instead of closed questions. In addition, professionals, who are familiar with their psychology and specific clinical needs, should interview young children. Accordingly, they can be guided in understating and interpreting the questions to ensure the survey is as objective and accommodating as possible. In the end, while this sampling method does not guarantee perfection, it provides a relatively accurate way of preparing a balanced sample for the study.
References
Fink, A. (2002). How to sample in surveys. London: Sage Publications.
For a long time, the debate of whether there should be mandatory continuing nursing education has been a contentious issue. This debate has been placed in the context of ensuring that the equality of nursing education is improved over time. Moreover, the mandatory continuation of nursing education is deemed to help harness public health. On the other hand, there are concerns that this mandatory continuing nursing education is neither a necessity nor a requirement in nursing.
Pros
Upgrade on nursing education: Over the years, there has been a continued change of technology in the nursing field. This can also be evidenced by the ever-changing patient care techniques. With the mandatory continuing nursing education, the benefits of new medical breakthroughs are imminent. This education will also be integral in understanding the new and emerging disease threats. The latest medical and nursing innovations are made possible through mandatory continuing nursing education. In addition, this education improves competency among nurses (Ferguson, 2006).
Patient outcomes: The outcome of the patient is improved through education. It should be noted that the ultimate goal in nursing is to ensure that the patients outcome is improved. Education through journals and new clinical trials harness clinical and nursing skills and knowledge (Ferguson, 2006).
Improved professionalism: Just like any other profession, nursing requires continued education (Griscti & Jacono, 2006). Professionalism requires a certain commitment to learning new changes in the very same discipline.
Networking: Nursing professionals meet other professionals when they attend meetings. Therefore, such can be termed as a benefit of mandatory continuing nursing education. Moreover, by readings websites, nursing blogs, and journals, certain elements of experience and knowledge are shared among the nurses (Griscti & Jacono, 2006).
Cons
Cost: One of the limitations for mandatory continuing nursing education is the cost associated with the education. In most cases, the health care facilities are required to pay the employees fees in this education. In addition, it is also costly to pay for the education, while patients are left unattended by the same nurses. This education requires materials such as video and magazines, which are additional costs. Moreover, the newly acquired skills and knowledge requires additional training and orientation with new equipment, which also add up to additional costs (Xiao, 2006).
Time limit: To complete the whole education program, time will be a factor. Sometimes, the time factor will require the nurses not to attend to patients, therefore, placing the patients health at risk.
Impracticability: It should be noted that sometimes the education offered to the nurses by the various professionals also varies. This means that there is also quality variance in activities and abilities. This makes the practicability of the practices learned difficult. Mandatory continuing nursing education promotes specialization. Once there is specialization in the education program, the implementation of the same also becomes difficult (Xiao, 2006). Moreover, nurses who have gone through the education program usually find it hard to re-enter into practice. This is evidenced in nurses who are aged and no longer adopt new practices with ease. Finally, the new education program does not necessarily mean that nurses will become competent or knowledgeable.
References
Ferguson, A. (2006). Evaluating the purpose and benefits of continuing education in nursing and the implications for the provision of continuing education fro cancer nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(4): 640-646.
Griscti, O & Jacono, J. (2006). Effectiveness of continuing education programmes in nursing: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 55(4): 449-456.
Xiao, L., D. (2006). Nurse educators perceived challenges in mandatory continuing nursing education. International Nursing Review, 53(3): 217-223.
The patient, a 65-year-old man, complained about progressive vision loss in his left eye during the previous several months. During an examination, it was established that the patient had glaucoma. Glaucoma is an optic nerve disease caused by a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye, resulting in optic nerve fiber destruction and visual loss. Several procedures were performed to determine the severity of the patients disease, including IOP measurement, visual field testing, and an inspection of the optic nerve head.
Discussion
According to the data, the patient has primary open-angle glaucoma, the most common form of the condition. A gradual and painless visual field reduction distinguishes this glaucoma (Ahmad, 2018). The visual field test discovered considerable peripheral vision loss in the patients left eye. Furthermore, an examination of the optic nerve head revealed cupping, which is a glaucoma-related sign. The recommendation is the eye drops that reduce IOP, such as prostaglandin analogs and beta-blockers, to treat the patients condition. Additionally, we advocated for lifestyle changes such as avoiding activities that raise IOP and adhering to a balanced diet and exercise program. The patient must return for frequent check-ups to evaluate the diseases course and change the treatment strategy.
In addition to the treatment measures mentioned previously, there are other choices for glaucoma management. Laser treatment is one of these, and it can help decrease IOP by enhancing fluid drainage from the eye. Laser treatment can be conducted in various techniques, including trabeculoplasty, iridotomy, and cyclophotocoagulation, with the procedure chosen based on the patients needs (Ahmad, 2018). Surgical surgery, such as trabeculectomy or glaucoma drainage implantation, can also assist in controlling IOP and prevent additional optic nerve damage. Nevertheless, surgery is usually recommended only when previous therapies have failed to reduce IOP effectively.
Conclusion
It is important to note that early detection and treatment of glaucoma are critical because the condition is typically asymptomatic in its early stages and can cause permanent visual loss if left untreated. As a result, annual eye exams and glaucoma screening are critical, especially for people at a greater risk of getting the illness, such as those with a family history of glaucoma, old age, or certain other disorders such as diabetes (Ahmad, 2018). Glaucoma care requires a multidisciplinary approach combining ophthalmologists, optometrists, and allied health specialists to prevent vision loss and enhance the quality of life for afflicted persons.
A recent systematic study found physical activity programs that use behavior modification strategies. Effective methods for increasing physical activity levels in inactive individuals include goal-setting, self-monitoring, and feedback (Baldwin et al., 2022). The review discovered that behavioral theories-based therapies, such as cognitive social theory, self-determination concept, and planned behavior theory, were incredibly beneficial. To encourage exercise behavior change, these interventions entail setting objectives, evaluating progress, obtaining feedback, and establishing social support networks. Another study discovered that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an excellent way to raise physical activity levels in inactive people (Swinbourne et al., 2020). Short routines of high-intensity activity are followed by brief intervals of rest or lower-intensity exercise in HIIT. Additionally, a meta-analysis found that motivational interviewing (MI) could be an effective way to get sedentary persons more physically active (Nuss et al., 2020). The study discovered that MI treatments can boost levels of activity in sedentary people, in the short term.
Strength of Evidence
The evidence in this case analysis was gathered by a thorough search of numerous reliable databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and WebScience. The publications comprised randomized controlled studies and systematic reviews that looked at different ways to motivate sedentary people to walk more. These studies findings supported the utilization of behavioral therapies to promote levels of activity in sedentary people. The evidence for using behavioral therapies to promote physical activity in sedentary individuals is deemed strong. This case studys randomized controlled studies and systematic reviews show credible evidence that these approaches are effective in encouraging daily exercise in sedentary people.
Conclusion
The case study sheds light on the issue of low levels of activity in adults, as well as the significance of adopting evidence-based interventions to enhance exercise adherence in sedentary individuals. The case studys search approach emphasizes the necessity of identifying suitable material by employing relevant keywords plus Boolean operators. Furthermore, various evidence-based techniques for increasing physical activity among inactive individuals have been found. Goal setting, self-monitoring, evaluation, and social support are all useful behavioral therapies. By addressing physical activity barriers and supporting evidence-based initiatives, the worldwide public health concern of physical inactivity as well as its related consequences can be addressed.
In a work environment, stretching routines can be beneficial in preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and promoting overall well-being. It is crucial to take into account the differences in size, age, culture, and potential WMSD limitations of the individuals when creating a stretching routine (Martinez, 2021). To ensure that everyone can participate in the stretching routine, modifications or alternatives should be offered for each stretch. For example, individuals with WMSDs may need to adjust certain stretches or avoid certain movements entirely. Additionally, cultural considerations such as modesty or religious practices should be taken into account when choosing stretches.
It can be recommended to start a stretching routine with a neck stretch, where one tilts their head to one side and holds the stretch for 15-30 seconds before repeating on the other side. Rolling the shoulders forward and backward or lifting and lowering each shoulder for 15-30 seconds can also help relieve tension in the upper back and neck. If one works with their hands or wrists, they can include a wrist stretch by extending one arm in front of them with the palm facing down and gently pulling their fingers back towards their forearm, holding the stretch for 15-30 seconds.
A stretching routine for the workplace can also include stretches and exercises such as spinal twist, hip stretch, and leg stretch. Nonetheless, it is crucial to advise individuals to adjust the stretches based on their abilities and comfort levels. This not only promotes a safe and effective stretching routine but also helps prevent WMSDs and supports the overall well-being of the individuals. Additionally, providing proper guidance and supervision can help ensure that the stretching routine is being performed correctly.
Reference
Martinez, V. M. (2021). The importance of workplace exercise. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho, 19(04), 523-528. Web.
Macronutrients are nutrients needed by body in large quantities. They include proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (Berdanier et al, 2000). Their principle role is to provide energy, which is necessary for execution of body functions. Proteins provide energy and promote growth especially in young people and pregnant women. Other functions of proteins include tissue repair, production of hormones and enzymes, and maintenance of muscles and body mass. In addition, proteins are concerned with proper functioning of immune system (Berdanier et al, 2000). Carbohydrates play two major roles. First, they are the primary sources of energy for the body. Second, they provide calories needed for regulation of body weight (Berdanier et al, 2000). As such, consumption of carbohydrates in right amounts prevents accumulation of fat in the body, which is important for body weight regulation. In addition, carbohydrates play a major role in controlling biological processes such as determination of blood group and development of body organs (Berdanier et al, 2000). Fats have two principal functions in the body. They provide energy and protect the body against harm. Other minor functions of fats include body growth and development, and absorption of vitamins (Berdanier et al, 2000). In addition, they preserve cell membranes. In the past week, my diet included several major sources of macronutrients. Proteins included milk, cheese, eggs, and yoghurt. Carbohydrates included honey, oranges, bananas, peas, rice, and pasta. Fats include peanuts, avocados, olives, cakes, biscuits, and cashew nuts. The macronutrients were consumed in different quantities and at different times.
Role of government in determining peoples nutrition
The government should play a supportive role in influencing peoples dietary decisions. It should not play a central role because people should have freedom to make decisions based on their nutritional needs. The government should have limited involvement in peoples nutritional decisions. Its role should include educating people on good nutritional habits and implementing laws that encourage healthy lifestyles (Wheelock, 2005). For example, the government should be fully involved in educating people on ways to avoid conditions such as obesity, and ways to maintain healthy lifestyles. In addition, it should teach people about health benefits of physical exercise. The government should act as a source of information especially for young people who are prone to poor nutritional decisions (Wheelock, 2005). Moreover, it should ensure that people do not overindulge in activities such as excessive consumption of alcohol and smoking, which are detrimental to health. Many people like junk food that contains high-fat content. The government should enact policies that regulate amount of unhealthy foods that people consume because poor health increases costs of health care and reduces productivity (Wheelock, 2005). In addition, it reduces life expectancy. However, the government should give people freedom to choose what to eat. It is important to have specific nutritional standards for food production and consumption. Nutritional standards are important because they ensure that food producers provide healthy foods that do not compromise peoples health (Wheelock, 2005). On the other hand, consumption standards are important because nutrients should be consumed in right amounts. Many people are unaware of appropriate quantities of food to consume in order to maintain good health. Overconsumption or underconsumption of certain foods is harmful to health. Therefore, standards should be set to guide people and determine right amounts of food to consume in order to avoid compromising their health (Wheelock, 2005).
References
Berdanier, C., Gorny, J. R., Yousef, A. (2000). Advanced Nutrition: Macronutrients, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Wheelock, V. (2005). Implementing Dietary Guidelines for Health Eating. New York:Jonas & Bartlett Learning.
Dissemination refers to the distribution and spreading of knowledge to a particular audience with the help of carefully planned strategies (Rabin et al., 2008). The primary purpose of dissemination is to distribute the knowledge gained from evidence based interventions with the intent of transferring the most ideal methods which can be adopted and utilized in other clinical settings for enhanced outcome (Rabin et al., 2008).
Within healthcare settings, dissemination plays an important role and has become a major priority in health care academia. The adoption of successfully implemented practices plays a crucial role in health care settings due to which the CDC and NIH have stressed on the need and importance of dissemination to increase effectiveness and outcomes (Harris et al., 2012).
Important Dissemination Frameworks
Successful disseminating of evidence based research necessitates some frameworks such as the Health Promotion Research Center (HPRC) which outlines the roles of researchers in the dissemination process (Harris et al., 2012). According to the HPRC framework, the spread of a practice can be successfully implemented using an active or passive process (Harris et al., 2012). The dissemination process is most effective when applied through three important steps adoption, implementation and maintenance (Harris et al., 2012). When the dissemination process occurs systematically, it results in changes in personal behaviours of healthcare professionals and enhanced organizational practice resulting in improved health outcomes and productivity for the establishment (Harris et al., 2012).
Researchers Role in Dissemination Process
The HPRC focuses on the researcher as an active participant in the dissemination process seeking to create new knowledge to be used, adopted and implemented by the user organizations (Harris et al., 2012). The partnership between the researcher and disseminator is based on mutual understanding and close communication which is necessary for the appropriate refining and testing of the dissemination process (Harris et al., 2012).
Dissemination of the Proposed Program
The proposed implementation of the HH project for the reduction of HAIs will disseminate the significance of ABHs as a more effective and preferred approach as compared to using only soap and water. Through the project, the researcher aims to disseminate the awareness of the importance of HH using ABHs by HCWs. The results of the project will be communicated to all leaders, professionals and stakeholders of the organization to ensure their active interest participation in the dissemination process through appropriate channels.
The research findings of the project will serve to be of great value to the healthcare domain at large, more particularly to the nursing community which can make the most use of the benefits gained from the research. Results will be posted on the organizations website for access to all healthcare professionals. Care will be taken to abide by relevant protocols and guidelines according to the policies and standards of the organization.
Conclusion
Implementation of the proposed program, evaluation and dissemination are important components for the prevention of HAIs. Effective compliance of HH using ABHs will facilitate reduction of HAIs due to improvement of HH procedures by HCWs and will result in the overall safety of the patient leading to better healthcare outcomes.
References
Harris, J. R., Cheadle, A., Hannon, P. A., Forehand, M., Lichiello, P., Mahoney, E., Snyder, S. & Yarrow, J. (2012). A framework for disseminating evidence-based health promotion practices. Prev Chronic Dis, 9, 110081.
Rabin, Borsika A., Brownson, Ross C., Haire-Joshu, Debra, Kreuter, Matthew W., & Weaver, Nancy L. (2008). A glossary for dissemination and implementation research in health. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 14(2), 117-123.
Modern access to information technology can potentially develop the rational usage of human resources and abilities. Telesitter is a portable two-way video camera installed in patients rooms, helping the staff to monitor their conditions. The data is rapidly transferred to the hospital employees if any acute situation happens. The technological progress of IT methods can help reduce hospital costs and provide rational planning of the staff activities. The purpose of the paper is to research the scholarly literature on the critical topic and analyze the modern problems in medicine, the positive sides of using Tele sitters, and the potential benefits Tele sitters can bring. Hence, the papers methodology will be qualitative analysis using secondary sources.
The current work aims to develop a project helping understaffed hospitals implement and utilize Tele sitters. Project objectives are understanding the weak chains of the medical nurse system in monitoring patients, applying the innovative method to the hospitals, and making it efficient within two years of practice. Only scholarly articles and other trustworthy data providers were used during the paper creation, and all the statements taken from different sources are highlighted with citations. Developing the system of Tele sitters in more hospitals can enhance the hospitals income and help understaffed departments.
The number of patients that need bedsitters increases according to the season and the collaboration of their pathology. Often, a patient requires 24-hour control and support, and Tele sitters can easily cover such needs by changing shifts and saving the costs on nurses and bedside sitters. According to Roths analysis (2019), US San Diego Health estimated the cost savings by using Tele sitters by $2.5 million within two years. Telesitters can provide a patient with communication and companionship, so the psychological aspect of the monitoring is being saved. Several people need support and the feeling of being cared for by someone. Telesitters have good-quality equipment allowing them to communicate with patients.
The main concern in current medicine should be planning and managing nurses work time rationally. According to the experience gathered from nursing leadership and management, it is proved that nurses can be easily integrated into the IT system and control the major indicators using electronic data. Along with the usual informatics nurse responsibilities, a new position in the hospital is called the chief nursing informatics officer (CNIO) (Murphy, 2011). Developing the duties of nurses inside the department can help improve the clinics efficiency and provide better outcomes. Moreover, the intensive care units, due to the more significant number of acute pathologies, need the video monitoring systems similarly, and Tele sitters were proved efficient in these departments as well (Romig, 2019). So, the first step in implementation is proper education of the nursing staff to comprehend Tele sitters responsibilities and possible ways to interrelate with them and take action rapidly after receiving data from them. The duration of the first step should take three months as the practical implementation of the knowledge is planned further on and will take substantially more time. Educated nurses are the human resources needed for the project.
The main issues standing in front of the hospitals for implementing and utilizing the system are the budget for the cameras and following equipment. However, cost savings on nurse shifts, occupational burnouts of the staff, and the spending on patients elopements and falls in the long-term perspective are more expensive than using the method. The study by Plahar (2020) proved the statistically positive effect of patient video monitoring on the number of falls in the hospital in Northern California. According to the study by Johnson (2017), video monitoring proved to be more efficient and beneficial for hospitals and patients safety, and within a tool, clinics could manage more patients with less staff occupied. So, the second step of program implementation is to set the required equipment and develop a long-term plan of increasing hospital administrations gradually with a similar number of employees within six months. Physical resources for the project are equipment allowing Tele sitters to monitor patients (video cameras, microphones, computers, and offices). The technical resources needed for the project are the data software to unite human and physical resources.
In the first six months of implementation, it is essential to evaluate the cooperation of the working personnel and calculate the time used for information transferring between them. This can help highlight the weak chains of the system and develop strategies to help reduce the time losses. During the first year of method utilization, patients will be surveyed to distinguish Tele sitters positive and negative sides. Patients, being custom receivers, might provide managers with helpful feedback assessing how different they find it to be monitored via video tools, what Tele sitters lack compared to the bedside sitters, and how essential these aspects are for them. Moreover, some patients might feel uncomfortable being constantly monitored, even though virtual curtains protect the data and patients privacy is protected (Roth, 2019). The first six-month plan sets the equipment and assesses the cooperation between various groups of employees and patients feedback.
Step three of program utilization enhances the outcomes received in the first six months of work. The time loss between the data transfer and patient feedback can help highlight the major issues and develop a strategy for further improvements. Step 3 is also six months of work, allowing personnel to get used to the innovatory system and smoothen all the disadvantages. Afterward, the project is finished and is integrated into the clinic, and the formative evaluation of its outcomes are the patients application forms assessing the work of staff, and leaving reviews. If more than 90% of patients are satisfied with the method and its implementation, the project can be successful and completed.
Below presents a graphic timeline of the projects most critical stages, as shown in Figure 1. The first step is educating the staff for three months; the second is setting the proper equipment, assessing the cooperation between various groups of employees, and providing patient feedback, for which six months are needed. The third step is also practical, as a previous one, and lasts for six months. During it, the staff will correct the time losses and small details slowing the work process, and the final assessment as patients feedback will be done. Thus, in 1 year and three months, the Tele sitters can be implemented in the hospital and successfully utilized.
Figure 1. Graphic timeline of the project.
References
Johnson, J. R. (2017). Clinical Questions About the Use of Video Monitoring for Patient Safety. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 49(6), 341343.
Murphy, J. (2011). The nursing informatics workforce: Who are they and what do they do? Nursing Economics, 29(3), 150153.
Plahar, A. Q. W. (2020). Implementing Virtual Sitters to Reduce Falls and Sitter Costs. Doctor Nursing Practice, 234, 1-196.
Romig, M., Derrett, R., Latif, A., & Sapirstein, A. (2019). Telemedicine consultation to the general ICU. Telemedicine in the ICU. Springer, Cham.
The chosen case shows that healthcare services in the USA do not entirely meet each of the factors from CLAS, but the principal standard is almost implemented. Despite the diversity, the American healthcare system provides patients with equal and effective treatment. In addition, this standard includes communication needs, which are also offered in healthcare. However, this standard is not strictly followed, as there are many nationalities in the USA, and only some healthcare providers might meet their cultural beliefs. Hence, the healthcare providers in the USA manage to implement the principal standard of the CLAS system.
Discussion
Cultural competence, communication, training improvements, and health popularization might be developed to meet other standards. Cultural and linguistic inequality is one of the main challenges in healthcare services, which should be avoided. Firstly, the value of health should be shown by healthcare providers. For instance, a coordinated campaign should be implemented to promote healthy choices (Fabius, n. d.). Secondly, fixing the lack of diversity in the healthcare workforce is essential. Moreover, understanding peoples needs from different cultures will improve communication. Thirdly, providing each person with equal access to healthcare services is crucial (Fabius, & Clarke, n. d.). In this case, patients should be provided with information about healthcare services. Lastly, the health delivery methods should be transformed, as it stated that more than 33% of people in the USA did not care for their health (Betancourt et al., n. d.). All these changes should be implemented with the help of government assistance. In addition, the spread of CLAS standards among healthcare providers and patients will improve the effectiveness of the standards and expand their use.
Conclusion
Thus, establishing different practices, such as cultural and linguistic competence, training improvements, and governance assistance, will help healthcare services meet CLAS standards.
References
Betancourt, J., R., Green, A., R., & Carillo, J., E. (n. d.). Cultural competence in health care: Emerging frameworks and practical approaches. The Commonwealth Fund.
Fabius, R., J. & Clarke, J., L. (n. d.). Building culture of health and wellness within organisations
Fabius, R., J. (n. d.). The population health promise.
While healthcare organizations strive to cultivate high standards, regulations, and values in their settings to achieve better patient outcomes via nursing work improvement, often, such aspirations are characterized by barriers. In particular, nurse leaders might be unable to resolve issues related to organizational culture due to the lack of authority or capability to overcome them, which might make them feel powerless. It is essential to acknowledge such issues to ensure that a larger scope of actions is implemented to adjust the nursing workplace setting to a level unimpacted by significant barriers.
Discussion
Indeed, organizational culture implies a scope of factors that reach beyond the expertise of a nurse leader. An example of such a barrier might be the difficulty in obtaining required resources or their scarcity (McCauley et al., 2020, p. 1770). When a nurse manager needs particular equipment or human resources to accomplish an organizational goal, they might feel powerless because the resources are limited or unavailable due to organizational circumstances. Moreover, as managers, nurse leaders plan staffing and skill mix for optimum care, while maintaining focus on the strategic goals of the organization (McCauley et al., 2020, p. 1770). However, a barrier that might be implied in the accomplishment of such duties is the lack of clarity in higher managements directions related to strategy, which leaves a nurse leader hesitant and powerless.
Conclusion
In conclusion, organizational culture-related implications of workplace interactions, communication, and perception of nursing roles might serve as barriers to nursing leaders performance. For example, as stated by researchers, moral disengagement and knowledge hiding in nurse staffs behavior in the workplace might be a significant challenge for leadership (Zhao & Xia, 2019, p. 357). These issues are harmful due to the disruption of normal work processes and limited results in patient care. Thus, the identification of these barriers might be used as a premise for implementing initiatives aimed at facilitating organizational cultures impact on nursing.
References
McCauley, L., Kirwan, M., Riklikiene, O., & Hinno, S. (2020). A scoping review: The role of the nurse manager as represented in the missed care literature. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(8), 1770-1782.
