Category: Health Care

Competing Needs and Policy Development in Healthcare Healthcare policy creation

Competing Needs and Policy Development in Healthcare Healthcare policy creation is cumbersome and complex with an attempt to balance the needs of the workforce, the resources, and the patients, all of which are different. The workforce includes doctors, nurse practitioners, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who need fair compensation, manageable workloads, and access to necessary training. Policies placed can impact their well-being and their ability to deliver quality care. When we speak of resources, it’s the business side of healthcare. Yes, the care of your health is a business, and the healthcare system must operate within budgetary constraints. Equipment, facilities, employees, training, and medication all have a cost factor, which must be weighed against potential benefits. Lastly you have the needs of the patients, which policies in place should aim to improve the patient’s health outcomes and access to care. However, patient needs can be diverse, and what benefits one group may come at the expense of another. High Prescription Cost and Competing Needs The challenges of affordability of prescription drugs are a multifaceted problem that aims to meet the needs of the patient, the workforce, and the resources. A patient’s needs are met by having affordable access to the intended prescribed medications and is vital for managing chronic conditions and maintaining the patient’s health. Patients who struggle to afford their medications due to out-of-pocket costs, insurance status, and income, have delayed initiation of care and suboptimal treatment adherence (Rachev et al., 2021). The workforce needs are also directly impacted as it consumes an exorbitant amount of provider’s time. According to Tsou et al., (2021), providers now spend 14.9 hours per week completing prior-authorization paperwork, phone calls, and other tasks to assist the patient to gain access to the needed medication. The extra time spent doesn’t always allow access and the continuous inability to treat patients has led to severe burnout. The resource side is quite controversial, but healthcare is a business and drug development, and production are not without cost. Drug development takes on average 12 years with a price tag of $3 billion, considering the high failure rate (Rajkumar, 2020). Resource needs compete to balance a fair return on investment for companies with affordability for patients remains a challenge. Policy Solutions Finding a potential policy solution necessitates addressing all of the aforementioned competing needs which to date has always left one part of the equation with a loss notably the patient. The potential solution must include empowering Medicare to negotiate drug prices with pharmaceutical companies leading to lower costs for patients and the government. Enacting policies that incentivize the use of generic drugs as well mitigating new laws regarding the patents on new medications. Lastly, the policies must find a way to cap profits of pharmaceutical companies, insurance companies and increase funding for drug development within this budget change. By carefully considering the needs of all stakeholders, policymakers can work towards a healthcare system where patients have access to affordable medications, research and development continues, and the healthcare system operates within reasonable budgetary constraints. References Rachev, B., Uyei, J., Singh, R., Kowal, S., & Johnson, C. E. (2021). Stakeholder point of view on prescription drug affordability – a systematic literature review and content analysis. Health Policy, 125(9), 1158–1165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.06.013 ‌Rajkumar, S. V. (2020). The high cost of prescription drugs: Causes and solutions. Blood Cancer Journal, 10(6), 71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-020-0338-x Tsou, A. Y., Graf, W. D., Russell, J. A., & Epstein, L. G. (2021). Ethical Perspectives on Costly Drugs and Health Care. Neurology, 97(14), 685–692. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000012571

Think about what strategies you might use to calculate associated probabilities for Sleaze Hospital

Your company is running a Medicare audit on Sleaze Hospital. Because Sleaze has a history of overbilling, the focus of your audit is on checking whether the billing amounts are correct. Assume that each invoice is for too high an amount with probability 0.06 and for too low an amount with probability 0.01 (so that the probability of a correct billing is 0.93). Also, assume that the outcome for any invoice is probabilistically independent of the outcomes for other invoices. For this Assignment, reflect on the case presented. Think about what strategies you might use to calculate associated probabilities for Sleaze Hospital, and then address the series of questions for the completion of the Assignment. If you randomly sample 200 of Sleaze’s invoices, what is the probability that you will find at least 15 invoices that overcharge the customer? What is the probability you won’t find any that undercharge the customer? Find an integer, k, such that the probability is at least 0.99 that you will find at least k invoices that overcharge the customer. (Hint: Use trial and error with the BINOMDIST function to find k.) Suppose that when Sleaze overcharges Medicare, the distribution of the amount overcharged (expressed as a percentage of the correct billing amount) is normally distributed with mean 15% and standard deviation 4%. What percentage of overbilled invoices are at least 10% more than the legal billing amount? What percentage of all invoices are at least 10% more than the legal billing amount? If your auditing company samples 200 randomly chosen invoices, what is the probability that it will find at least five where Medicare was overcharged by at least 10%? Submit your answers and embedded Excel analysis as a Microsoft Word management report.

Selected a group (People with Disabilities),write a 2 page paper on the history, cultural identity, and background of your chosen group.

Once you have selected a group (People with Disabilities) you will write a 2 page paper on the history, cultural identity, and background of your chosen group. This paper should include: o A history of the group including major events that have affected them as a group (e.g. immigration to the U.S., historical Supreme Court cases) o Major cultural traditions or background o Current demographic information • This paper should include at least 3 outside sources. • The paper should be 2 full pages in length (not including the title or reference pages). • Please be sure to avoid using internet sources such as Wikipedia or other web-based resources that do not have strong academic backing. You will also be required to use in-text references in your work in accordance with APA style to avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism detection software will be used to scan each paper and any paper that is determined to have academic integrity issues will earn a score of 0 automatically. Any papers that have been submitted in other courses will NOT be accepted. This must be original work. Self-plagiarism and any other forms of plagiarism will result in one or all of the following actions: 1) 0 for the assignment 2) failing the course 3) dismissal from the university.

Write a paper on a health topic that has directly influenced or affected your family or personal experience.

Research Paper/Impact Paper (written assignment): Worth up to 100 points Note: The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to assist in writing is strictly forbidden and is considered plagiarism because it is not original writing. You must write all essays and papers in your own words. AI-detecting software may be used to analyze your submissions. Here is your chance to display your research skills! Oh don’t worry I am sure you can do it ON TIME! Submit online in an WORD ATTACHMENT in the heading “Research paper”. I know you can do it ON TIME! “Real-life” research paper- Students, write a paper on a health topic that has directly influenced or affected your family or personal experience. One example will be a Personal Impact paper- The topic must have a cover page and a reference page (APA format only). Paper must be at least 6 pages in length (4 pages of content NOT including cover page and reference page) and be typed in 12 point font and be double spaced. Fifty points of the paper will describe why this topic has made a personal impact on to you and what you the student hopes to learn by researching this topic. The other fifty points of the content will be dedicated to investigative research of this topic and must include proper citations along with a reference page; minimum of 10 facts and underline each fact. At the end of each fact put the reference in parenthesis in APA Style. Examples of topics include but not limited to: Alcohol and drug abuse, violence, mental health issues, family history of disease or personal ailments/conditions, food choices. obesity, eating disorders, exercise, culture and health topics, pregnancy, STIs, stress.

How can a curriculum be revised to ensure that program outcomes are met without compromising the whole curriculum?

You will use the work you completed for Assessments 1 and 2 as parts of this assessment. Combine Assessments 1 and 2, and add a section about curriculum evaluation. The evaluation you create should flow smoothly as one cohesive document. When combining the previous assessments, make revisions based on feedback you received from faculty. As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional community. Note that these questions are for your own development and exploration and do not need to be completed or submitted as part of your assessment. Who should perform curriculum evaluation: individual faculty, a curriculum committee, or full faculty? When should curriculum evaluation be done: each semester, each academic year, at the end of a program cohort, or prior to accreditation visits? How can a curriculum be revised to ensure that program outcomes are met without compromising the whole curriculum? How can a curriculum be revised to reflect changes in society, nursing, health care delivery, health care needs, educational practice, learner diversity, and emerging technology when curriculum revision entails a lengthy process involving state regulations and accreditation standards? Consider curriculum evaluation and address the following: Explain the importance of ongoing curriculum evaluation, why it is important, and for whom it is important. List criteria that are important to consider in curriculum evaluation. Explain how and why pilot testing can be used in curriculum evaluation. Provide examples of both short-term and long-term curriculum evaluations for process improvement, and explain why both types are necessary to curriculum development. Describe how to apply evidence-based nursing concepts, theories, and best practices to improve curriculum development. Identify the appropriate accreditation body for a selected curriculum and describe appropriate accreditation evaluation criteria. For example, a school of nursing might be accredited by CCNE or ACEN, whereas a hospital staff development program might be accredited by JCAHO, HFAP, or others. o achieve a successful project experience and outcome, you are expected to meet the following requirements: Written communication: Written communication is free from errors that detract from the overall message. APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting. Number of resources: Cite a minimum of five resources that are not included in the resource activities for this assessment. Length of evaluation: 15-20 typed double-spaced pages, excluding the title page and the reference page. Appendix: Included appropriate material from Assessments 1 and 2. The appendix will not be included in the page count. Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point. By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria: Competency 1: Examine the development of a curriculum for a nursing program. Describe how evidence-based nursing concepts, theories, and best practices can be applied to improve curriculum development. Competency 2: Analyze factors that impact the design of a nursing curriculum. List criteria that are important to consider in curriculum evaluation. Competency 3: Select an appropriate organizing/curriculum framework for the design of nursing curriculum. Explain the importance of ongoing curriculum evaluation, including why it is important and for whom it is important. Explain how and why pilot testing can be used in curriculum evaluation. Identify the appropriate accreditation body for a selected curriculum and describe appropriate accreditation evaluation criteria. Competency 4: Select a curriculum evaluation process that facilitates continuous quality improvement. Provide examples of both short-term and long-term evaluations for process improvement, and explain why both types are important to curriculum development. Competency 5: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with the expectations of a nursing education professional. Apply academic writing skills to incorporate faculty feedback in the creation of a complete, succinct, professionally flowing curriculum design evaluation. Write effectively using appropriate spelling, grammar, punctuation and mechanics, and APA style and formatting.

Describe a current, relevant healthcare topic, citing healthcare industry literature.

For this assignment :
• The topic area you would like to focus on for a data analysis project in this course. Cite relevant healthcare literature to support your choice of a topic aream Describe a current, relevant healthcare topic, citing healthcare industry literature.
• The value the data analysis project would bring to a healthcare organization (value proposition).
Use the Capstone Data Analysis Proposal Template Download Capstone Data Analysis Proposal Template to complete this assessment. – I have attacked
For the assessment:-
1. State the topic in the form of a problem by using the following format:
o Condition X may result in adverse consequence(s) Y (Source, year).
2. Conduct a review of authoritative literature related to the topic you chose and select a minimum of 12 current, authoritative sources which directly relate to your selected topic.
3. Using APA format, list a minimum of twelve authoritative sources directly related to your stated problem and add a sentence or two about how each source relates to the problem.
4. Make a bullet point list of the factors that cause the problem.
5. Assign a precise unit of numeric measurement to each factor (percentage, dollars, days, et cetera).
6. Identify the method of data analysis you plan to conduct (e.g., compliance audit, benchmark variance analysis, cost benefit analysis, et cetera).
7. Provide a precise descriiption of the data sets you are analyzing.
o For Path 1, list the precise data sets from your workplace organization ( pick one ) that you will be using.
ot.
o For Path 2, list any public data sets you will be using.
8. Include a reference list of the sources you identified in APA format at the end of the document.
9. Submit your completed Capstone Data Analysis Proposal document and any signed permission documents in the Assessment area.
10. Document Format: Use the provided Capstone Data Analysis Proposal Template ( Attached in Documents) to create your data analysis proposal.
11. Document Length: Respond to all prompts in the template.
12. Supporting Evidence: Include at least 12 academic or scholarly sources that match in-text citations.
o Supporting evidence may include current accrediting body standards, industry standards, and government agency reports, including such sources as the AHA, National Academy of Medicine, Harvard Business Review (HBR), et cetera.
13. APA Formatting: Format in-text citations and references according to current APA style and formatting. Evidence and APA can help with this.
14. Submission Requirements: Submit your Capstone Data Analysis Proposal document and any signed permission documents in the Assessment area.

Strategies you might use to calculate associated probabilities for Sleaze Hospital

Your company is running a Medicare audit on Sleaze Hospital. Because Sleaze has a history of overbilling, the focus of your audit is on checking whether the billing amounts are correct. Assume that each invoice is for too high an amount with probability 0.06 and for too low an amount with probability 0.01 (so that the probability of a correct billing is 0.93). Also, assume that the outcome for any invoice is probabilistically independent of the outcomes for other invoices. For this Assignment, reflect on the case presented. Think about what strategies you might use to calculate associated probabilities for Sleaze Hospital, and then address the series of questions for the completion of the Assignment. If you randomly sample 200 of Sleaze’s invoices, what is the probability that you will find at least 15 invoices that overcharge the customer? What is the probability you won’t find any that undercharge the customer? Find an integer, k, such that the probability is at least 0.99 that you will find at least k invoices that overcharge the customer. (Hint: Use trial and error with the BINOMDIST function to find k.) Suppose that when Sleaze overcharges Medicare, the distribution of the amount overcharged (expressed as a percentage of the correct billing amount) is normally distributed with mean 15% and standard deviation 4%. What percentage of overbilled invoices are at least 10% more than the legal billing amount? What percentage of all invoices are at least 10% more than the legal billing amount? If your auditing company samples 200 randomly chosen invoices, what is the probability that it will find at least five where Medicare was overcharged by at least 10%?

Review the pharyngitis scenarios and determine the most likely cause

Case 1 Review the pharyngitis scenarios and determine the most likely cause, including pathogen and mode of transmission. Discuss data that support your decision and treatment strategies. Scenario 1: Susan is a 16-year-old with sudden onset of severe sore throat for the past day. She feels like she had a fever but did not check her temperature (i.e., subjective fever). She states it is very painful to swallow, and she thinks she sees white spots on her throat. She denies cough, rhinorrhea, nausea, otalgia, shortness of breath, or headache. She reports no exposure to sick individuals. Medications: none. Allergies: none. Social history: nonsmoker and drinks alcohol (two to three beers) one to two times a month. Physical examination: vital signs – temperature 101.0°F; pulse 100 beats per minute; respirations 18 per minute; blood pressure 110/66 mmHg. General: ill and tired appearance. Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat: unremarkable except for erythematous oropharynx with small petechiae and white tonsillar exudates. Neck: anterior cervical lymphadenopathy; two on right, three on left; all small (< 0.5 cm) and tender. Cardiovascular, Lungs, and Abdomen: unremarkable. Answer the following questions or provide responses based on this scenario. 1.What is the most likely diagnosis and pathogen causing this disorder and mode of transmission? 2.Discuss data that supports your decision. 3.What diagnostic test, if any, should be done? 4.Develop a treatment plan for this patient. Case 3 Jamie is a 1-year-old girl who is coughing and has had rhinorrhea with yellowish discharge for the past day. Her father says today he felt like she had a fever and has not been eating or playing; she has been mostly sleeping. Her 5-year-old sibling has had a cold for a week. Medications: none. Allergies: no known drug allergies. Vaccinations: up to date for age. Social history: in day care; lives with mother, father, and 5-year-old sibling. Physical examination: vital signs – temperature 101.5°F; pulse 120 beats per minute; respirations 34 per minute; blood pressure 100/60 mmHg; pulse oximeter 92%. General: sitting in father’s lap; ill, lethargic appearance, and coughing. HEENT: nasal flaring, nasal mucus yellowish bilaterally; oropharynx with mild erythema. Neck: small anterior and posterior cervical nodes. CV: unremarkable. Lungs: intercostal retractions, expiratory wheezing. Abdomen: unremarkable. Answer the following questions or provide responses based on this scenario. 1.What is the most likely diagnosis and pathogen causing this disorder? 2.Discuss the mode of transmission and discuss data that supports your decision. 3.What diagnostic test, if any, should be done? 4.Develop a treatment plan for this patient.

Discuss your chosen Healthy People 2030 Objective Slide

For your presentation, you will dedicate 1 to 3 slides to each item listed in the outline. Please be sure to address each item listed. See below: Slide: Title Page Slide: Outline (this is the slide(s) from Week 1) Slide: Discuss your chosen Healthy People 2030 Objective Slide: Discuss the epidemiology, incidence, prevalence, and cost-burden of the problem Slide: Describe the problem and the specific population Slide: Discuss how the Healthy People 2030 objective intends to address/improve the problem or population Slide: Discuss the legislators who are working on the problem and the policies they are working on to improve the problem Slide: Discuss how the policy influences clinical practice and is used to promote best outcomes Slide: Discuss how the policy can be used by an inter-professional team to improve the problem Slide: Conclude: provide a summary of the problem, the policy, the solution, and your analysis Slide: References

All editing is to be done on chapters 4 and 5 only

Hello writer all editing is to be done on chapters 4 and 5 only please pay keen attention to the comments in the comments sections of the document. Please see additional remarks from my professor regarding this matter below.
PROFESSOR COMMENTS The process of analysis and the results gleaned from that process have to be noted in your writing. There is a gap right now in your Ch 4 and, as it stands, your themes are not really themes. So, my advice was to go back and pull codes (participant constructs or detail as noted by van Manen) from each interview question for Step 2 because each question relates to potential emerging themes. There may be constructs that merge across questions and that is the next step where you put your perspective into it, but only after you’ve clearly described the constructs based on participant responses. van Manen may use different words in describing the process but it still fits with other phenomenological processes. Because a clear process of analysis is not represented in your writing, you’re leaving it to the reader to do the heavy lifting of making sense of the data and coming up with their own themes. That’s a problem.