Category: Gynecology

Sexually transmitted diseases are a common occurrence in reproductive-aged populations. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic to severe types, and complications depend on the type of causative organism. STD pathogens can be viruses, bacteria, or fungi; thus, specific laboratory tests are crucial in diagnosis. This paper analyses the case of a 36-year-old woman who presents with signs indicative of an STI. It also elucidates on inflammatory markers and infertility in the context of STDs and briefly discusses anemia types and splenectomy in ITP.

The patient presents with non-specific symptoms like fever (103.2 F), chills, and vomiting in this clinical case. However, the presence of abnormal vaginal discharge points to a gynecological issue. The patient confirms she is sexually active, which increases the probability of a sexually transmitted infection. Complaints of LLQ pain and bilateral back pain correspond to an STD infection but are not diagnostic. Notably, the patients lab values indicate ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are above normal. CRP and ESR are inflammatory markers, and their elevation is connotative of systemic inflammation (Azizia et al., 2018).

The patient also has concurrent conditions, that is, anemia and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Pelvic examination results provide a more comprehensive picture of the patients condition. The presence of copious amounts of foul-smelling green cervical discharge is consistent with bacterial STIs. The wet prep test confirms this diagnosis as it shows clue cells (bacterial vaginosis) and gram-negative diplococci (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) (Wang et al., 2020). A reddened cervix is also a consistent finding in gonorrhea. The patient also presents with a positive Chandelier sign and bilateral adnexal tenderness, which is diagnostic of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (Cortes & Adamski, 2020). PID can emanate from infection by Neisseria gonorrhea and also presents with abdominal pain.

Infertility is a common complication of STIs in both men and women. Empirical evidence consistently demonstrates the role of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in causing infertility (Tsevat et al., 2017). These pathogens cause tubal inflammation, scarring, and damage, which subsequently leads to infertility. Similarly, gonorrhea infections cause PID, which is strongly linked to tubal factor infertility (TFI) (Tsevat et al., 2017). Lack of treatment or poor management of STIs also contributes to infertility. An essential clinical finding in STI and PID is the elevation of inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP). The inflammation process increases the entry of fibrinogen in the bloodstream, which then causes adhesion between RBCs, subsequently leading to raised ESR (Azizia et al., 2018). Similarly, disease activity in STIs increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6 and IL-1) that stimulate the liver to synthesize more CRP. This, therefore, explains why CRP levels rise in PID and consequently fall when the disease resolves.

ITP treatment involves medical therapies and splenectomy in cases whereby medication is ineffective. The spleen is the primary site for autoantibody production and platelet clearance (Chaturvedi et al., 2018). Therefore, spleen removal relieves symptoms and reduces the progression of ITP. Since the patient is anemic, identifying the type of anemia is instrumental in determining the mode of treatment. Anemia can be broadly classified as macrocytic, microcytic, or normocytic. Microcytic include iron-deficiency anemia, sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia, and anemia of chronic diseases. The macrocytic group comprises megaloblastic and pernicious anemia, while the normocytic category consists of all conditions associated with increased intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. Complications of STIs are detrimental; therefore, accurate diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Medication therapy should also consider other concurrent diseases that the patient may have.

References

Azizia, M. M., Irvine, L. M., Coker, M., & Sanusi, F. A. (2018). The role of c-reactive protein in modern obstetric and gynecological practice. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 85(4), 394401.

Chaturvedi, S., Arnold, D. M., & McCrae, K. R. (2018). Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia: down but not out. Blood, 131(11), 11721182.

Cortes, E. G., & Adamski, J. J. (2020). Chandelier Sign. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing.

Tsevat, D. G., Wiesenfeld, H. C., Parks, C., & Peipert, J. F. (2017). Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 216(1), 19.

Wang, Q.-Q., Zhang, R.-L., Liu, Q.-Z., Xu, J.-H., Su, X.-H., Yin, Y.-P., & Qi, S.-Z. (2020). 2019 National guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea. International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, 3(3), 1.

Introduction

Medical professionals may encounter challenges in the diagnosis of gynecologic conditions due to the presence of multiple overlapping symptoms. The reviewed case study features a woman that has had prolonged menstrual bleeding along with oligomenorrhea. This report discusses the primary and differential diagnoses for the condition and suggests possible treatment methods. Also, it presents strategies aimed to enhance patients’ knowledge about perimenopause and related symptoms.

Case Study 3 Discussion

The selected case study features a 48-year-old Caucasian woman presented in the clinic with prolonged menstrual bleeding that has lasted for three weeks. Notably, the patient’s menstrual periods had been irregular for approximately eight months before the current symptom, lasting up to three days each. The woman noted that there had been one to two months when she did not have menstruation. Other symptoms include occasional hot flushes and mood changes.

The priority diagnosis for this case is perimenopause. This condition is considered the most likely diagnosis as it is characterized by hot flushes, effects on individuals’ mood, abnormally heavy bleeding, as well as shorted and missed cycles (National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health, 2015; Schuiling & Likis, 2017). Differential diagnoses include the following conditions:

1. Polycystic ovarian syndrome, which is a common endocrine disorder that affects up to 10% of females of reproductive age and is characterized by oligomenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding (Lanzo, Monge, & Trent, 2015).,
2. Endometrial hyperplasia, which may be defined as the thickening of the uterus’s lining. Its symptoms include vaginal bleeding between menstruations, heavy menstrual bleeding, and amenorrhea (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2016).
3. Hypothyroidism, which, according to Tharpe, Farley, and Jordan (2017) may have symptoms similar to perimenopausal ones. They may include changes in mood and prolonged vaginal bleeding along with irregular periods.

Treatment and management plan for the patient in perimenopause may include the use of low-dose oral contraceptives or hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), such as estrogen 0,625mg per day and 17-beta-estradiol 1mg daily (Tharpe et al., 2017). The use of vitamin supplements, such as magnesium 400mg daily and calcium 1300mg daily may also be suggested. Alternative treatment methods include yoga, including whole grains, nuts, and seeds in the diet, and aerobic exercises. The presented treatment methods are recommended by Tharpe et al. (2017) and are considered effective for the elimination of adverse effects of the condition.

The primary strategy for educating patients on perimenopause and its effects include initiating the discussion about the common symptoms and recommendations for their relief, as well as suggestions regarding changes in the lifestyle that may improve the individual’s health outcomes. For example, a nurse may stress the significance of regular exercise, vaginal lubrication, and the decrease in alcohol and sugar intake in the elimination of the symptoms (Tharpe et al., 2017).

A caregiver should assure the patient that the vaginal bleeding, mood changes, and hot flushes are common for women in the perimenopausal period and can be managed effectively. It is also vital to inform the individual about the complications that should be reported to medical professionals, such as breast mass, depression, and unscheduled vaginal bleeding (Tharpe et al., 2017).

Conclusion

Perimenopause may have several symptoms that can also be associated with other gynecologic conditions. This paper presented an example of how the condition may be addressed and what differential diagnoses can be considered. The report showed that perimenopause might be associated with various symptoms, such as hot flushes, prolonged menstrual bleeding, mood changes, and oligomenorrhea. It concluded that it is vital to educate patients on the condition to eliminate its possible complications.

References

Lanzo, E., Monge, M., & Trent, M. (2015). Diagnosis and management of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls. Pediatric Annals, 44(9), 223-230.

National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. (2015). Menopause. Full guideline. Web.

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. (2016). Management of endometrial hyperplasia. Web.

Schuiling, K. D., & Likis, F. E. (2017). Women’s gynecologic health (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Tharpe, N. L., Farley, C., & Jordan, R. G. (2017). Clinical practice guidelines for midwifery & women’s health (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Introduction

Gynecology is a medical branch which deals with the study and treatment of diseases associated with female reproductive organs. A specialist doctor dealing with the treatment of such ailments is referred to as a gynecologist. Female reproductive ailments include; cervical cancer, painful sex, irregular menstrual flow, sexually transmitted infections, and general virginal health. Women need to make regular visits to a gynecologist for professional advice on how to maintain the health of their reproductive system.

Female students in higher learning institutions encounter numerous reproductive health problems for which they require advice from well-trained and qualified gynecologists. At this age level, the female students are sexually active, their bodies undergo maturation changes that can be accepted and well dealt with through counseling. Some female students contract reproductive health ailments that require the attention of a gynecologist to handle. The exorbitant charges levied by private gynecologists tend to scare off students from seeking their professional advice.

Background

The female reproductive system is undergoing various changes as one grows through the stages of life. The changes lead to the maturation of the system in readiness for reproduction. These changes are classified as physical, psychological, and physiological. Women normally have problems accepting and dealing with these changes, besides, they face challenges of contracting and treating diseases associated with the reproductive health system. Hurley (2002, p. 118) indicates that the changing social trends have sparked the need for appropriate social and medical interventions for women’s gynecological problems.

The sexual revolutions witnessed in the US during the decade of 1960s opened up sensitized women on the need to seek professional advice on gynecological problems. The sensitization campaign proceeded up to the seventies enlightening more women on the need for gynecologists’ services. The use of contraceptives, both long-term and emergency increased. Incidentally, this increased cases of STIs because female students resorted to the use of contraceptives rather than the use of condoms. The emergency of incurable STIs such as; HIV, Herpes, and Chlamydia made students and the general society resort to the use of condoms.

Female students normally fear disclosing their gynecological problems to their parents or close family members. They choose to seek advice from campus gynecologists because of confidentiality as well as cost issues. Hurley (2002, p. 119) indicates “college students engage in behaviors that put them at a risk of gynecological health problems.” There is a need for professional advice on these issues to raise the students’ awareness of such risks.

Business Description and Goal

The gynecologist consultancy deals with all the health issues of female reproductive organs. The professional interventions provided by gynecologists to women include; cervical cancer screening, breast screening, advising on matters of pregnancy and STIs. These are complications that most women between the ages of 15- 30 years encounter in life. Since most female students at college fall between this age bracket, the service would be relevant to them

In institutions with a gynecologist, the female students have the advantage of proximity to health care services. This way the student will have ease in attending post-treatment sessions after classes (Hurley, 2002, p. 124). They can benefit from counseling especially on how to handle their pregnancies and other related health issues in a manner that does not hurt their lessons at school. In the USA adolescent rate of birth reduced considerably because they got an early diagnosis of sexually transmitted disease.

Women with complicated menstruations were put on medication to lessen the chances of dysmenorrhea; hemorrhage and other dysphoric disorders it minimizes disruption of learning activities. This resulted in several students attending their lectures and sitting for exams (Lannon, 2008, p.67). If this system is adopted on the campus, there would be an improvement in the performance of grandaunts as they will be fully committed to their lessons with minimum disruption.

Qualification of Personnel

A well-trained gynecologist with at least three years of experience will be appropriate for this position. The gynecologist will also need three clinicians to assist him or her in co-coordinating the duties. Clinicians will have a training qualification of at least a diploma in gynecology and at least two years of experience dealing with gynecological problems. The ability to protect the patient’s welfare and ensure the patient’s pain is relieved must be the gynecologist’s objective. The gynecologist must have patience, self-sacrifice, and passion for his career (Lannon, 2008, p.77). The personnel also must be academically qualified to handle the line of work with professionalism and adhere to medical ethics.

Targeted Market

The department will deal with the female since their medical complications are numerous. However, there is also a need to consider male patients as well. This is because gynecology goes hand in hand with obstetrics. There is an availability of market for gynecologist services in the sense that there will always be one case or another on the campus that needs the attention of a gynecologist. In taking up the opportunity the gynecologist will also be able to help save the students learning hours.

Data Resources

There has been a shared opinion that the university is in urgent need of a gynecologist section within its premises. Most postgraduates and the general female body believes that a gynecologist in the institution will not only save their time but also ensure that they receive an equal chance to study like their male counterparts. Several American campuses have adopted a system where critical departments are accommodated within the school premises to improve the performance of its students as well as save time that would otherwise be wasted in such of such services (Lannon, 2008, p.89). The gynecology department will also be in a position to create a site on which answers about critical health issues would be made available for the students.

Limitation

The department has considered several avenues to source funds for the setting of the gynecologist ward within the school premises. One of which is taking a bank loan. However, these may not be enough to facilitate the furnishing of the ward. It has therefore embraced a second plan in which funds would be raised through. It could be in form of a gynecology run or any appropriate name. The proceeds will then be channeled into the infrastructure of the department. The corporate organization will be challenged to sponsor the event through the idea of social responsibility (Lannon, 2008, p.106). This will not only guarantee the success of the event but also be a good place to network.

Scope and Conclusion

The gynecologist department aims to ensure that women appreciate and understand health issues associated with their reproductive systems. This will play a role in ensuring that they notice any deviation from the normal function and act in time. The department hopes to be there for them to help them demystify the challenge that comes with being a woman and in the process keep them in class.

Reference List

Hurley, J., L. (2002). The History and Practice of College Health. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky.

Lannon, M., J. (2008). Technical Communication. New York: Pearson Education.

A significant part of health care for women is devoted to disease prevention and timely diagnosis. For example, a well-woman visit is a physical examination that is recommended for all women (Tharpe, Farley, & Jordan, 2017). This annual meeting helps women to discuss their nutrition, lifestyle, future problems, and vaccinations. Other standard screenings include breast exams, pap tests, HPV and STI tests, pelvic examination, and other procedures that are required to address patients’ concerns.

Additional screenings are required for women of different age groups. For adolescent women, examinations and discussions revolve around patients’ healthy growth. As young women experience hormonal changes, many screenings (apart from general health) examine their progression in secondary sexual characteristics, sexual practices, and emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. For young adult women, breast examinations are added to the plan, repeating every 1-3years (Oeffinger et al., 2015). This procedure is necessary to locate breast cancer and other conditions. Moreover, cholesterol and blood pressure checks are added for women to detect any cardiovascular issues. In regards to one’s sexual health, pap, HPV, STI, and HIV tests are performed regularly since many women become more sexually active (Schuiling & Likis, 2017). Health demands of older women change, and additional tests become necessary. For women older than 65 years, bone mineral density is a necessary screening. At 40 years old, mammograms should be performed every 1-2 years due to the high risk of breast cancer (Løberg, Lousdal, Bretthauer, & Kalager, 2015). Other screenings are preformed depending on women’s genetic and acquired conditions.

It can be seen that screenings target the main risks that arise as women age. The danger of breast cancer, cardiovascular problems, and other conditions call for an increase in the frequency of specific examinations. At the same time, as some patients choose to create families and have children, their health has to be accessed to prepare them for a healthy pregnancy. Overall, the number of screenings through which a woman has to go depends on her age, family history, predispositions, and individual needs.

References

Løberg, M., Lousdal, M. L., Bretthauer, M., & Kalager, M. (2015). Benefits and harms of mammography screening. Breast Cancer Research, 17(1), 63.

Oeffinger, K. C., Fontham, E. T., Etzioni, R., Herzig, A., Michaelson, J. S., Shih, Y. C. T.,… Wolf, A. M. (2015). Breast cancer screening for women at average risk: 2015 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. JAMA, 314(15), 1599-1614.

Schuiling, K. D., & Likis, F. E. (2017). Women’s gynecologic health (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Tharpe, N. L., Farley, C., & Jordan, R. G. (2017). Clinical practice guidelines for midwifery & women’s health (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Introduction

Patients with concerns about gynecologic health may present to the office not understanding the cause of their problems. The condition of one’s reproductive system depends on a variety of factors, including one’s lifestyle. In the case study, a young female athlete presents to the office with a complaint of ceased menses. Her participation in sports, young age, and decreasing weight suggest such differential diagnoses as functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and pregnancy. The following analysis will discuss the primary and differential diagnoses as well as treatment and patient education.

Differential Diagnosis

The first potential diagnosis is functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), a common type of secondary amenorrhea. The combination of excessive exercise, stress, and weight loss leads to the reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and amenorrhea. It is a problem that is diagnosed by elimination – the patient’s history and anatomy have to be analyzed to exclude any pathologies (Gordon et al., 2017). Then, the patient’s psychological stressors need to be measured to determine the root cause. FHA is a part of the “female athlete triad” – three conditions for which women actively participating in sports are at risk (Kelly & Hecht, 2016). To support this diagnosis, such tests as the GnRH stimulation test are central to the assessment.

The second possible condition is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a disorder that may develop in all women of reproductive age. It is commonly associated with irregular periods, high levels of androgen, and the development of cysts on ovaries (Schuiling & Likis, 2017). A pelvic exam and blood tests (including androgen levels) can eliminate this diagnosis (Tharpe, Farley, & Jordan, 2017). The patient does not report having any other symptoms, and her weight is decreasing, which is uncommon for PCOS, thus making this diagnosis less viable.

Finally, pregnancy has to be excluded in the beginning as a potential differential diagnosis. The case does not present any information about the patient’s sexual activity. A conversation with the patient and a pregnancy test will help one to see whether she could be pregnant (Tharpe et al., 2017). After dismissing on confirming the pregnancy, one can move onto other diagnoses. It may also be helpful to discuss safe sexual practices with the patient during this talk.

Treatment, Management, and Patient Education

The primary diagnosis of FHA is considered for treatment in this case. The first approach to this condition is a lifestyle change as FHA is influenced by sports, diet, and stress. Thus, the patient should reduce her physical activity and consult a nutritionist to increase her caloric intake and gain the lost weight (Gordon et al., 2017). Some psychological support has to be recommended to help the patient deal with stress (Gordon et al., 2017). If these lifestyle changes were ineffective for several months, then the patient may undergo short-term hormone therapy with cyclic oral progestin (Gordon et al., 2017). However, first-line treatment is not pharmaceutical since the reduction of stressors can return menses to their regular schedule.

Patient education has to include such topics as sexual activity, exercise, and nutrition. It is vital to consult the patient on any questions about overexertion and proper dieting and remind her that sufficient calorie intake is necessary to support her growing body. Moreover, the nurse should talk about safe sex and contraceptive methods. Finally, a conversation about possible stress factors can contribute to the patient’s understanding of the roots of her concerns.

Conclusion

The fourth case demonstrates how one’s behavior and activity can contribute to gynecological issues. The primary diagnosis is FHA, with PCOS and pregnancy, among other possible conditions. Young female athletes are at high risk of hormonal imbalance induced by stress, dieting, and exercising. By addressing these factors, the patient is also likely to resolve her health concerns. Here, pharmacological therapy should not be attempted without assessing the patient’s lifestyle.

References

Gordon, C. M., Ackerman, K. E., Berga, S. L., Kaplan, J. R., Mastorakos, G., Misra, M., Warren, M. P. (2017). Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 102(5), 1413-1439.

Kelly, A. K. W., & Hecht, S. (2016). The female athlete triad. Pediatrics, 138(2), e20160922.

Schuiling, K. D., & Likis, F. E. (2017). Women’s gynecologic health (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Tharpe, N. L., Farley, C., & Jordan, R. G. (2017). Clinical practice guidelines for midwifery & women’s health (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Sexually transmitted diseases are a common occurrence in reproductive-aged populations. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic to severe types, and complications depend on the type of causative organism. STD pathogens can be viruses, bacteria, or fungi; thus, specific laboratory tests are crucial in diagnosis. This paper analyses the case of a 36-year-old woman who presents with signs indicative of an STI. It also elucidates on inflammatory markers and infertility in the context of STDs and briefly discusses anemia types and splenectomy in ITP.

The patient presents with non-specific symptoms like fever (103.2 F), chills, and vomiting in this clinical case. However, the presence of abnormal vaginal discharge points to a gynecological issue. The patient confirms she is sexually active, which increases the probability of a sexually transmitted infection. Complaints of LLQ pain and bilateral back pain correspond to an STD infection but are not diagnostic. Notably, the patient’s lab values indicate ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are above normal. CRP and ESR are inflammatory markers, and their elevation is connotative of systemic inflammation (Azizia et al., 2018).

The patient also has concurrent conditions, that is, anemia and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Pelvic examination results provide a more comprehensive picture of the patient’s condition. The presence of copious amounts of foul-smelling green cervical discharge is consistent with bacterial STIs. The wet prep test confirms this diagnosis as it shows clue cells (bacterial vaginosis) and gram-negative diplococci (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) (Wang et al., 2020). A reddened cervix is also a consistent finding in gonorrhea. The patient also presents with a positive Chandelier sign and bilateral adnexal tenderness, which is diagnostic of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (Cortes & Adamski, 2020). PID can emanate from infection by Neisseria gonorrhea and also presents with abdominal pain.

Infertility is a common complication of STIs in both men and women. Empirical evidence consistently demonstrates the role of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in causing infertility (Tsevat et al., 2017). These pathogens cause tubal inflammation, scarring, and damage, which subsequently leads to infertility. Similarly, gonorrhea infections cause PID, which is strongly linked to tubal factor infertility (TFI) (Tsevat et al., 2017). Lack of treatment or poor management of STIs also contributes to infertility. An essential clinical finding in STI and PID is the elevation of inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP). The inflammation process increases the entry of fibrinogen in the bloodstream, which then causes adhesion between RBCs, subsequently leading to raised ESR (Azizia et al., 2018). Similarly, disease activity in STIs increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6 and IL-1) that stimulate the liver to synthesize more CRP. This, therefore, explains why CRP levels rise in PID and consequently fall when the disease resolves.

ITP treatment involves medical therapies and splenectomy in cases whereby medication is ineffective. The spleen is the primary site for autoantibody production and platelet clearance (Chaturvedi et al., 2018). Therefore, spleen removal relieves symptoms and reduces the progression of ITP. Since the patient is anemic, identifying the type of anemia is instrumental in determining the mode of treatment. Anemia can be broadly classified as macrocytic, microcytic, or normocytic. Microcytic include iron-deficiency anemia, sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia, and anemia of chronic diseases. The macrocytic group comprises megaloblastic and pernicious anemia, while the normocytic category consists of all conditions associated with increased intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. Complications of STIs are detrimental; therefore, accurate diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Medication therapy should also consider other concurrent diseases that the patient may have.

References

Azizia, M. M., Irvine, L. M., Coker, M., & Sanusi, F. A. (2018). The role of c-reactive protein in modern obstetric and gynecological practice. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 85(4), 394–401.

Chaturvedi, S., Arnold, D. M., & McCrae, K. R. (2018). Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia: down but not out. Blood, 131(11), 1172–1182.

Cortes, E. G., & Adamski, J. J. (2020). Chandelier Sign. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing.

Tsevat, D. G., Wiesenfeld, H. C., Parks, C., & Peipert, J. F. (2017). Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 216(1), 1–9.

Wang, Q.-Q., Zhang, R.-L., Liu, Q.-Z., Xu, J.-H., Su, X.-H., Yin, Y.-P., & Qi, S.-Z. (2020). 2019 National guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea. International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, 3(3), 1.

Medical care has always been attracted by its role to the society. Men and women have used to choose the profession according to their likes. Gynecology has always been considered as the female profession and men were not allowed to have the practice in the discussed field. The perception of men in the gynecology is different and it is impossible to say explicitly whether it is positively or negatively perceived in the society.

Men have always been doctors, and also gynecologist (Waters 12). This was later, when women have come to the profession and the consideration appeared that men are not those, who should be the gynecologist and that women were the first, and men has entered it later. Men have usually been considered as the best professionals in the sphere of gynecology, but there are women, who do not trust them and prefer female doctor. There was time when men were not likely to become the gynecologists, as the stereotypes were so broadcasted, but still, now for about 60% of gynecologists are men (O’Lynn and Tranbarger 255).

To consider the difference between male and female gynecologist, it should be mentioned that women are trusted more as they can be explained the background of the situation, as women may talk sincerely and will always be understood. The situation with men is different, most women cannot tell men about their personal problems and the treatment may be wrong. The inability for the male doctor to get the symptoms right leads to wrong treatment and the women dissatisfaction, that may lead to the refusal to come another time.

There are no any evidences about any gender superiority, all depends on the knowledge and the desire to be the best. The stereotypes are so high that men are considered to be bad doctors only because of their gender belonging. Furthermore, there is the opposite opinion that male doctors are more careful and attentive. All these are stereotypes and the knowledge possessed during studies and practice should be the only activities about the professional qualities. Men and women are given the same knowledge at the Universities and to consider this or that gender as dominant in the medicine is wrong.

There are a lot of situations, especially with new patients, who refuse to be treated by the doctor only because of their gender. The first step should be provided, that is the conversation. If the person is impossible to convince, it is better to give the patient to the other doctor. The same deals with the race, if the convincing is not effective, the other doctor should take up the patient. We live in the free country and people have the right to choose the doctor, where they are treated.

So, the gender in the gynecology does not influence the quality of treatment, this is all personal bias that prevents to perceive the other gender doctor. Men are the biggest part of the doctors in the country and a lot of people trust them. In the case of personal inability to be treated by the opposite gender person, the other doctor should be turned to.

Works Cited

O’Lynn, Chad E. and Tranbarger, Russell E. Men in nursing: history, challenges, and opportunities. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2006.

Waters, Sophie. Seeing the Gynecologist. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2007.