Category: Future

People share troubling experiences to help others learn and grow from them in the future. In Night, a memoir by Elie Wiesel, a survivor of the holocaust, he describes some of the tragedies of the Holocaust that he lived through in his adolescent years. As Elie grows up in Sighet, he wants to learn more about his faith and the world around him as he looks to his two biggest role models, his father, and his close mentor, Moishe the Beadle for answers. However, in Elie’s recollection he talks about how the events of the Holocaust not only traumatized himself, but his family, and those closest to him as they endure the cruel concentration camps ruled by Nazi soldiers. In the late 1930s, Nazi Germany took control of most of Europe. They implemented a movement of Jewish civilians to contain them, which eventually led to events of the mass genocide of the Jews. Although the physical abuse of Moishe the Beadle, Elie, and his father are prominent, the underlying psychological trauma dehumanizes them by showing their changes in attitude and appearance throughout the book.

Beginning with one of Elie’s closest mentors, Moishe the Beadle experiences these tragedies first, before Elie, as he was taken away by the German soldiers. Elie had been learning more of the Kabbalah’s revelations with Moishe the Beadle. The Nazi soldiers took foreign Jews like Moishe away, however, he escaped and shared his experience with the Jews. The horrors he went through impacted him as he is described to have wept and pleaded for the others to listen to him. Elie describes how “Moishe was not the same. The joy in his eyes was gone. He no longer sang. He no longer mentioned either God or Kabbalah. He spoke only of what he had seen” (Wiesel 7). For these early survivors of the Holocaust, although they had experienced this firsthand, the people they shared this with did not believe them. This becomes a form of victim blaming because the people of Sighet did not believe him, they did not believe that Germany could not be as powerful as he is claiming. This makes him want them to understand more so he would do crazy things like yelling in the synagogue to get them to believe, but they did not, making him appear as if “he had gone mad” (Wiesel 7). Not only was he emotionally unstable because of these experiences, but “he had fallen silent. He would drift through the synagogue or through the streets, hunched over, eyes cast down, avoiding people’s gaze” (Wiesel 8). Although it was not clearly stated what happened to him physically, it is implied how harshly he was treated as it can be seen when Elie goes through it. Physically, he was torn down by these Nazi soldiers, but emotionally he seemed to be embarrassed, they had taken his soul away and with no one believing him, he had nothing left to say about it. This induces a sense of helplessness as he can no longer do anything to help his peers or himself stop the pain. As these events happened, they dehumanized Moishe the Beadle, leaving physical and emotional scars that drained the life out of him.

Physically, this type of torment had Elie, show a whole new side of himself, as he and his father, had encountered these horrific concentration camps together. As Elie and his father entered the concentration camp in Auschwitz, Elie’s father wanted to use the facilities and as he stepped forward, he was slapped across the face, bringing him to his knees. He told Elie that “it doesn’t hurt” even though “His cheek still bore the red mark of the hand” (Wiesel 39). Although he may have said this just to show his strength to his son, throughout the beginning of the memoir Elie’s father had always expressed a tough strong exterior as if nothing could bother him. His strength begins to fade, as he continues through the concentration camp. He had been beaten by an iron bar (Wiesel 54), and the camp leader, Franek, had the “opportunity to torment him and, on a daily basis, to thrash him savagely. Left, right: he punched him. Left, right: he slapped him” (Wiesel 55). Elie realizes that his father is not as invincible as he seems, and Elie starts to feel that he is more of a burden on him for his own survival. With so many physical blows to his body, he had become weaker and by the end “his eyes were watery, his face the color of dead leaves” (Wiesel 107), and “he was worn out. Saliva mixed with blood was trickling from his lips” as “He was gasping more than breathing” (Wiesel 108). With this physical abuse of animal-like treatment, Elie had seen the worst in his father, an upsetting, more helpless side as if he were a “wounded animal” (Wiesel 106). Physically seeing that his father has changed psychologically affects him as he goes into a darker mental state. Elie’s father had physically changed but without feeling any guilt, Elie had mentally changed, as he has this inhumane thought when he describes that he feels free from his father when his father had passed on and that he can focus on himself now. Thus, by thinking in a more inconsiderate way, dehumanizes himself and his father.

By showing these changes in physical appearance and mental state, it expresses the psychological trauma that Elie, his father, and Moishe the Beadle had been dehumanized by the Nazi’s maltreatment of the Jews. The horrific events of the Holocaust brought a great deal of pain and suffering to the Jewish people. This is important however after the war was over, the world had their eyes open to the fact that dehumanization is a tragedy and that no one should be treated in that manner. This led to reparations of reform that gave everyone a set of basic human rights, and the creation of the United Nations. Unfortunately, the psychological scars in the hearts and minds of the Jews will latch on to them for the rest of their lives. People can be upset by these events; however, it is important to understand these atrocities and that people need to learn and grow and set out to change when something is wrong. Elie Wiesel did humanity a favor by sharing his darkest and most gruesome experiences, so others would not have to do the same in the future.

Before knowing about the future of robotics, let’s understand what is robotics? Robotics is a branch of engineering that deals with synergy mechanics, computer science, information science and electronics. Robotics deals with the construction, design and control system for controlling movements of robot by perceiving the environment. The idea of robot was first introduced in a movie. The first ever robot was made in 1952 who was given a name like Unimate. It was designed and programmed by George Deol and later on, he with his partner Joseph formed the first robot company.

The science of robots is revolutionizing day by day and scientists are making new innovation in robots, and it is expected that in 20150 robots will overcome human beings as they will develop strong intellect. We made robots to make lives easier and safe. Robots are now smart enough that they can easily understand human’s voice and gestures and perform tasks by processing that information.

Robots are now incorporated in every field of life i.e. education, industries, homes, hospitals etc. In developed countries like Japan where 80% labor in industries are robots and they are doing their work efficiently. In developed countries robots are definitely taking over human lives and making their work easy. Self-driving cars are will be dominant in most nations and even the Google has developed its first self-driving car and more researches are going on this to make it better. Robots are doing jobs and serving in restaurants. In Italy and some other countries robots have taken down the responsibility of pizza boy in pizza shops. Robots are deployed in armed forces which has decreased down the death rate of soldiers in wars. Drones and un-manned robotic soldiers will play big role in defense and army. Survey on planets and explorations will be done by robots.

Now let’s talk about the future of robots because robots are a technological revolution which will have tremendous impact on lives of human. Robots are basically motorized equipment incorporated with artificial intelligence which is controlling the motion of robots. We can foresee our future when robots are roaming on roads, shopping malls, and robots are driving cars etc. and humans will just stay at their home in comfortable zone. It feels very awesome and dreamy but it has also some negative effect because when will be totally relying on robots by sitting at home without giving our body enough exercise then ultimately average age of human will decrease tremendously. If we go more ahead i.e. in 2050’s, then, according to researchers and engineers robots will overcome human’s life and will take decisions of human’s on their own and probably a world war may start.

Robotics Future in 2025

• Swarm Robotics. In swarm robotics there are numbers of robots who communicate with each other and perform different task in very short time with high precision.
• Micro robots. Micro robots can be deployed in places which in inaccessible for human or which is too dangerous or relatively small. So, micro robots can go in such places and work efficiently.
• Modular Robots. Modular robots are actually toys that consists of blocks or cubes, that can arrange themselves in specific way to do some tasks. The small blocks usually have magnets so they can attach with other blocks firmly.
• Intellectual Robots. In this time engineers and researchers are working on humanoid robots that can think and work like human. In humanoid robots, artificial intelligence and machine learning technology is incorporated so it can behave and react like human. Recently Pepper and Zora robots were introduced by different companies. The specialty of these robots is that they can understand the expressions of human and react according to them.
• Alternate powered robots. Alternate powered robots use solar energy, wave energy when there is no electricity.
• Exoskeleton. Exoskeleton are external skeleton that supports physical disable persons. Exoskeletons also finds its application in military for injured soldiers.

How Robots Will Transform Our Future?

We all know that robots are changing our lives either it is domestic life or work life. Top tech industries in world are competing in race to create new robots equipped with high technology that can transform human life.

It is already happening that robotic cameras can recognize doubtful activities, but we can foresee that drone robots will be predicting and sensing crime in future. It is already happening that domestic robots are doing their chores in homes like ironing clothes, dish washing, vacuum cleaner etc., but in future they would have more advancements in them, like increased interaction between human and robots and performing more complex chores. Robots will have immense effect on workplace in future. We will see robots working in offices as co-workers and work assistants. The robots will be more sophisticated having ability to interact with humans via speech recognition. Medical robots will also change the healthcare and medical system in future. Now we see patients go to physicians or dispensers for normal check-up, but in future patients will be diagnosed by robots who will be smart and intelligent enough to use stethoscope. They will interact and examine patient’s condition, give them proper advice, and prescribe them medicines or tests if needed. Robotic industry is growing very fast and we usually go cinemas to see 3D movies with VR (virtual effect), but this technology will soon hit our homes. We will be able to see and enjoy 3D movies with VR effect in our homes. We can see self-driving cars on roads of developed countries but somehow these cars need human interference. In the past few decades, we can’t even think of this technology, but Google made it with its first self-driving car. Now the researches are being going on to make autonomous car technology more efficient and smarter that needs less human intervention.

The word ‘robot’ can be defined as “a machine that can navigate through and interact with the physical world of factories, warehouses, battlefields and offices” (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2014). To famously quote Warren Bennis, “The factory of the future will have two employees, a man and a dog. The man will be there to feed the dog. The dog will be there to keep the man from touching the equipment”. Artificial intelligence and robotics are leading the way for a new industrial revolution (Berg, Buffie & Zanna, 2018). Robots can unload, load, product send and retrieve with little supervision from humans. Artificial intelligence is beginning to take over the jobs of bankers, accountants, and even teachers. Self-driving vehicles are on track to take millions of jobs from taxi, delivery and truck drivers along with Uber aiming to be a driverless company by the year 2030. According to Frey and Osborne (2017), rapid advances in automation are expected to threaten 45-57% of all United States jobs. With the astonishing advance in artificial intelligence and robotics it has sparked a keen interest from journalists, economists and technophiles regarding how this could impact the labor force across the world. This essay will review current literature regarding the rise of robots and their impact on labor forces internationally. More specifically the review will discuss the jobs at risk of automation, a possible robot taxation and the way in which robots may affect wage inequality.

Jobless Future

Robot’s abilities do not just sit with computing, but they can also learn, understand and react to external factors. Robots today can write newspaper articles, grade exams, play instruments and paint. In Boston and the Silicon Valley many new start-up firms have developed technologies that are able to replace the need for human labor entirely. Momentum Machine is a new start-up company that aims to fully automate the production of gourmet burgers. The founders have stated that it is designed to obliterate the need for human labor entirely (Virgillito, 2017). On the other hand, sectors like health care and medicine have been slower to introduce robots and machine learning algorithms, however their usage is believed to be complementary to human activity rather than labor replacing. For instance, venture capitalists financing start-up companies which are specialized in designing elder-care robots are increasingly seeking the use of artificial intelligence in medicine that could potentially reduce the cases of medication errors (Virgillito, 2017).

In September 2016, Mercedes-Benz, a German vehicle manufacturer formed a strategic partnership with Starship Technologies (Daimler, 2017). This is a start-up company based in Estonia which specializes in the development of automatic robots for last-mile deliveries. The specialized robots from Starship move along the sidewalks weighing less than 40 pounds when loaded, their use involves delivering parcels or groceries from shops or hubs directly. Consumers can track their delivery via their smartphone which also are used to open the sealed and locked cargo upon arrival of the robot. When the customer has received their parcel, the robot automatically returns to their designated base. These robots also comply with safety laws and are only allowed move at the speed of a pedestrian. The downfall of this is stores would need branches everywhere for efficient quick delivery or either customers would have to accept long delivery times. To avoid this issue the alliance has advocated an idea where the trucks will be used as a mobile launch platform for all the robots. The way this concept works is as follows. The truck will load the goods for the customers at a central depot. A certain area of the truck is left vacant to load the working robots on board. The truck then leaves to the centre of the city and once a drop off zone is reached the required number of robots are loaded with the goods to deliver to the desired customer. After the robot deliverers the customer’s purchase, they return to their depot. This process continues until all the shipments inside the truck are delivered by the robots. Following a full truck delivery, robots will be used to load more shipments for the following set of customers (Boysen, Schwerdfeger & Weidinger, 2018).

Robots in the Workplace

Research has found that on an individual level of job insecurity socioeconomic determinants are highly relevant. Workers in strong positions in the labor market have reported lower job insecurity as a result of two reasons. Firstly, labor contracts are more secure in these strong job positions resulting in a worker being able to retain their job more easily. Secondly, a worker in a strong position can find employment more easily if they become unemployed than a worker who is in a lower skilled job. Highly educated workers, full time workers and managers all report lower levels of job insecurity than non-managers, workers in a part time job and lower educated workers (Green, 2009; Mau, Mewes & Schöneck, 2012).

Most research on robots does not focus on the workplaces worldwide but rather several small observations along with cultural backgrounds having an influence towards robots (Bartneck, Suzuki, Kanda & Nomura, 2007). Although there are a vast number of subcultures in countries, Western economies tend to be less positive regarding robots in contrast to Eastern economies (Shaw-Garlock, 2009). Countries with low uncertainty are expected to adapt more easily to a change in their environment than countries with a high uncertainty. Robots provide a strong example for this and therefore countries with low uncertainty avoidance will see the introduction of robots in their workplace in a more optimistic light than those countries with high uncertainty. This outlook has been supported by Hofstede (1991) who suggests that countries with low uncertainty are more adaptable to change.

Robot Tax

As automation is on the rise and more jobs are at risk many ask the question should robots be taxed? Bill Gates has recently reignited the robot tax debate whereby he believes they should be taxed. The European Parliament have discussed policies that address the impact of automation on the labor market and South Korea have already acted to prevent a jobless economy. There are two types of workers, routine and non-routine. A routine worker performs a task that can be automated which we refer to as a robot. If there is partial automation a robot tax is optimal. This taxation increases routine worker’s wages and reduces non-routine workers’ wages. This gives the Government greater means to reduce inequality. On the other side if there is full automation it is not optimal to tax robots as there are no longer routine workers and taxation would simply distort production decisions along with not reducing income inequality which would be the main reason for the introduction of a robot tax in the first place (Guerreiro, Rebelo & Teles, 2017).

The introduction of a robot tax would result in an improvement in wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. A robot tax would result in a reduction in after-tax revenue of a firm in the sector producing robots leading to fewer robots produced than the previous production. As a result of this, the price of robots will increase due to a lower supply in the economy. The robot-using sector will use robots as a substitute for unskilled labor, resulting in an increase in the wage rate of those workers. The productivity of skilled workers in this sector will decrease, therefore the skilled wage rate will also decrease. To conclude on this, the wage differential between these workers will narrow (Zhang, 2019).

Robots can be either subsidized or taxed. General equilibrium to compress the wage spreading would be exploited following a robot tax. A compression on wages would make it less distortionary for an income tax which would allow for greater redistribution along with raising welfare. If a robot substitutes primarily for routine labor at middle incomes, a robot tax therefore would decrease the wage inequality at the upper end of the wage distribution however inequality would be raised at the bottom end (Thuemmel, 2018).

The reasoning behind the decline in skilled labors productivity is due to a capital outflow. The demand for robots falls as the robot-using sector can use unskilled workers to substitute robots. As a result, the increment of robot pricing cannot exceed the tax rate. This results in a decrease of effective robot pricing therefore the marginal product value of skilled workers declines, and skilled workers wages cannot increase through the pricing channel (Zhang, 2019).

Wage Inequality

The rapid growth in automation has raised concerns for future issues with unskilled workers finding jobs that pay a fair wage (Tirole, 2017). According to Brynjolfsson and Mcafee, “there has never been a worse time to be a worker with only ordinary skills and abilities to offer”. Foxconn, an iPhone manufacturer employing 1.2 million workers has reported that they would automate the entire factories with the use of robots (The Verge, 2016). Research backed by empirical evidence shows that the substitution of devices or robots regarding artificial intelligence for labor overpowers the inexpert wage rate which is usually referred to as the displacement effect (Acemoglu & Restrepo, 2017). Does the presence of the displacement effect suggest that automation will broaden wage inequality between the skilled and unskilled workers? Research has created a model based around three sectors. A robot-manufacturing sector, a robot-using sector and a non-automatable sector. The robot manufacturing uses skilled employment and traditional capital to manufacture robots which is understood as automated capital. The work involved in the robot-using sector can be also automated employing unskilled workers, robots and capital which is tradition to manufacture final goods. We assume that unskilled workers can be fully replaced by robots in the robot-using sector (Gasteiger & Prettner, 2017). Any exertion carried out in the non-automatable area cannot be automatic (Murnane, 2013) and this area produces its final goods using unskilled workers along with traditional capital. The presence of this non-automatable area allows these unskilled workers to be employed in this sector where their jobs are being replaced by robots in other fields of work. This basic model produces two effects of automation on wage inequality. The unskilled wage rate is suppressed by the displacement effect and this occurs by the fact that automation increases robots that replace unskilled workers in the robot-using sector. Secondly, the effect of capital reallocation with strength to suppress the wage rate of skilled workers comes from the fact that the construction and application of robots require traditional capital along with an acceleration in automation which boosts demand for capital in the robot manufacturing sector and robot using sector.

Conclusion

Although automation will not result in a complete elimination of many jobs in the future, it will have an impact on all future jobs to an extent. There is the potential for automation to move beyond routine and repetitive activities in manufacturing and we could soon see it in a much wider range of activities than we do in today’s economy, with the potential to redefine workplaces and labor in many sectors.

References

1. Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2017). Robots and jobs: Evidence from US labour markets. NBER Working Paper 23285.
2. Bartneck, C., Suzuki, T., Kanda, T., & Nomura, T. (2007). The influence of people’s culture and prior experiences with Aibo on their attitude towards robots. Ai & Society, 21(1- 2), 217-230.
3. Berg, A., Buffie, E. F., & Zanna, L. F. (2018). Should we fear the robot revolution?(The correct answer is yes). Journal of Monetary Economics, 97, 117-148.
4. Boysen, N., Schwerdfeger, S., & Weidinger, F. (2018). Scheduling last-mile deliveries with truck-based autonomous robots. European Journal of Operational Research, 271(3), 1085-1099.
5. Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company.
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8. Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: how susceptible are jobs to computerisation?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254-280.
9. Gasteiger, E., & Prettner, K. (2017). A note on automation, stagnation, and the implications of a robot tax. Discussion Papers 2017/17. Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
10. Green, F. (2009). Subjective employment insecurity around the world. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2(3), 343-363.
11. Guerreiro, J., Rebelo, S., & Teles, P. (2017). Should robots be taxed? (No. w23806). National Bureau of Economic Research.
12. Hofstede, G. (1991) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw- Hill.
13. Mau, S., Mewes, J., & Schöneck, N. M. (2012). What determines subjective socio-economic insecurity? Context and class in comparative perspective. Socio-Economic Review, 10(4), 655-682.
14. Murnane, R. J. (2013). US high school graduation rates: Patterns and explanations. Journal of Economic Literature, 51(2), 370-422.
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18. Thuemmel, U. (2018). Optimal Taxation of Robots (No. 7317). CESifo Working Paper.
19. Tirole, J. (2017). Economics for the common good. Princeton University Press.
20. Virgillito, M. E. (2017). Rise of the robots: technology and the threat of a jobless future. Labor History, 58(2), 240-242.
21. Zhang, P. (2019). Automation, wage inequality and implications of a robot tax. International Review of Economics & Finance, 59, 500-509.

Introduction

The exploration of outer space has captivated human imagination for centuries. As we continue to make advancements in technology and space exploration, the question arises: Should humanity’s future lie among the stars? This essay will argue that expanding our presence beyond Earth and venturing into space is crucial for the long-term survival and progress of our species. It will explore the potential benefits of space exploration, including scientific discoveries, resource acquisition, and the preservation of human civilization.

Scientific Discoveries

Space exploration provides us with a unique opportunity to expand our understanding of the universe and our place in it. Through the exploration of other celestial bodies, we can gather valuable data about planetary systems, galaxies, and even the origins of the universe itself. Discoveries in space can lead to breakthroughs in various scientific fields, including astrophysics, astronomy, and planetary sciences. The knowledge gained from these discoveries not only expands our scientific knowledge but also has practical applications that can benefit humanity on Earth.

Resource Acquisition

As our population continues to grow, the Earth’s resources are becoming increasingly strained. Space exploration offers the potential to access vast resources that could sustain and support our civilization. Asteroid mining, for example, could provide us with abundant reserves of precious metals, minerals, and even water, which could be used for space colonies or transported back to Earth. By tapping into extraterrestrial resources, we can alleviate the strain on our planet’s limited resources and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.

Planetary Colonization

The colonization of other planets or celestial bodies is a significant step towards ensuring the long-term survival of the human species. Earth is vulnerable to various threats, including natural disasters, climate change, and potential cosmic events. Establishing permanent settlements on other planets, such as Mars, would serve as a backup plan and provide a means for humanity to continue thriving even in the face of catastrophic events on Earth. It would also open up new frontiers for human expansion and serve as a stepping stone for further space exploration.

Technological Advancements

Space exploration has historically driven technological advancements that have benefited society as a whole. From satellite communication and GPS systems to advancements in materials science and robotics, space exploration pushes the boundaries of human innovation. Investing in space exploration and establishing a presence in space would continue to drive technological advancements that can have applications far beyond the realm of space, improving various industries, including healthcare, energy, and transportation.

Inspiration and Uniting Humanity

The pursuit of space exploration has a profound impact on inspiring future generations and fostering a sense of unity among humanity. It ignites curiosity, encourages innovation, and motivates individuals to push the boundaries of what is possible. Space exploration has the power to unite people across nations, transcending political, cultural, and social differences. By working together towards a common goal of exploring the cosmos, we can foster cooperation, collaboration, and a shared sense of purpose that can have far-reaching positive effects on our society.

Conclusion

Expanding humanity’s future among the stars is not merely a luxury but a necessity for the survival and progress of our species. The potential scientific discoveries, resource acquisition, planetary colonization, technological advancements, and the inspiration it provides make space exploration a worthy endeavor. As we venture into the unknown, we unlock new possibilities and ensure the long-term sustainability and prosperity of humanity. Embracing our future among the stars is not only a testament to our curiosity and ambition but also a vital step towards securing a bright and resilient future for generations to come.

How will robots affect the future? Robots have been around for years, but recently they have become more advanced. Robots can do tasks for humans that can make our lives easier (“Robotics: Facts”). They can also be used for entertainment. As robots become more and more helpful, will they always be beneficial or will they eventually prevent us from doing our jobs?

Robots are machines that can perform work or actions that are usually done by humans (“Robotics: Facts”). Robotics is the science and study of robots (“Robotics: Facts”). Robots have been around since the late 1400s (“Robotics: Facts”). They can make jobs easier for humans. They can do something that would normally be too dangerous for humans to do. Robots can continue doing anything without getting bored or tired (“Robotics: Facts”). They can now perform most of the work done by humans and take over our jobs (“Robots Will Destroy Our Jobs”). At a McDonald’s in New York City, customers can order their food at a touch screen kiosk where they do not have to interact with other humans (“Robots Will Destroy Our Jobs”). Fastbrick Robotics, an Australian company, has developed the Hadrian X, which is a robot that can lay one thousand bricks in one hour (“Robots Will Destroy Our Jobs”). This job would take a human over a day to complete (“Robots Will Destroy Our Jobs”). Many people think robots are helping us, but some have the opinion that we are losing our jobs to robots (“Robots Will Destroy Our Jobs”).

Most robots are made up of three main parts: the controller, mechanical parts, and sensors (“Robotics: Facts”). The controller is also known as the “brain” of the robot (“Robotics: Facts”). It controls the robot’s actions, similar to the human brain (“Robotics: Facts”). The mechanical parts, such as motors, wheels, and gears, allow the robot to move, turn, and grab (“Robotics: Facts”). The sensors tell the robot about its surroundings (“Robotics: Facts”). They can sense things around them using sensors such as cameras or microphones. Artificial intelligence is the ability of a machine to make complex decisions (“Robotics: Facts”). Some computers and robots have the ability to act with human-like behavior (“Robotics: Facts”). Some have the ability to learn and use the information to make independent decisions based on previous decisions (“Robotics: Facts”). Nanorobots, also known as nanobots, are microscopic-sized robots used to perform functions in small spaces (“Robotics: Facts”). Nanobots are currently still being developed (“Robotics: Facts”). Future nanobots could be placed in the bloodstream to perform surgery (“Robotics: Facts”). This could make surgery more safe and easy, as humans can make mistakes at any moment, but robots can be programmed to perform a specific action. This specific example is an example of how robots can do our jobs.

An example of a robot is one called Aibo. Aibo is a robotic dog designed by Sony (Sumagaysay). Along with other electronic pets, Aibo is very popular in Japan. Aibo has a camera in its nose and on its back. It has sensors on its back, head, and chin. It also has microphones. These pieces of technology allow Aibo to learn about its surroundings. It can learn about its owner and react to them. The sensors allow Aibo to feel you petting it. The cameras and microphones allow it to learn commands or tricks you want to teach it. One of the main reasons people love Aibo is because it imitates a real dog. It can respond to commands and sense when it needs to go to bed. Another example of robots is delivery robots designed by Starship Technologies. These robots can deliver food to college students and staff at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. George Mason University is the first college campus to use this. Some communities in California also use these robots. The delivery robots move quickly and can deliver within thirty minutes. Another example of a robot is a very popular one called Google Home. Google Home is a well-known robot that can be found in many households. You can give the robot commands just by speaking and it will respond to you. Google Home is an example of a very helpful and popular robot.

Robots have many advantages. They can work faster than humans, have higher accuracy, and are stronger than humans. They have no emotional challenges and do not become tired. They have many abilities and can do jobs that are too dangerous or difficult for humans. These advantages allow robots to work in any situation. They do not face as many challenges as humans, which makes working more quick and efficient. Along with their advantages, robots also have disadvantages. Although they can make our jobs become much easier, robots doing our jobs can lead to unemployment. Robots can not handle unexpected situations. They are programmed to perform specific actions, which means that they can not make independent decisions and do not have a brain like humans that can react to situations they have not encountered before. Robots could create natural disturbances. They can not prevent themselves from running into things, which could lead to objects being destroyed or even humans or animals being injured, which costs money to fix. These advantages and disadvantages are pieces of information that could change a person’s opinions on whether or not robots are beneficial to our future.

Although most of the robots we know of are modern and used in our world today, robots have been around for a very long time. Some of the earliest robotic innovations were invented in years B.C. One example, water clocks, was made with loose figures called automatons. Water clocks were made by Ctesibius, a Greek engineer, around 270 B.C. “The Pigeon” was the name of a mechanical bird propelled by steam. It was made by Archytas of Tarentum, a Greek mathematician. Many inventions of this time, including one robot that could speak, were created by a person named Hero of Alexandria.

The future economy is creeping up and it is evident that technical innovation is the main engine of aggregate economic growth, providing advanced living standards in the long term and boosting per capita income and consumption. The future of innovation, will cause a change in the nature of work, demolishing some professions within the labour market whilst creating new ones. Furthermore, many jobs and business industries will be affected as the value of certain new skills and new business opportunities emerge. As explained before, those highly educated with expert knowledge and skills in specific sectors of the economy can expect to see higher wages and increased employment conditions. History has offered important lessons on how technology interacts with the economy and the effects wish arise. If the pace of technology continues to accelerate at the same pace it has been in years past, society and the economy will need to prepare for higher short-term levels of unemployment.

According to a government report published in 2019, over £500 million is being invested in green technologies, in the hope of providing a cleaner and healthier future. The report states that the government have set out to abolish the sale of petrol and diesel vehicles by 2040. In addition, the treasury is set to launch a £400 million fund to bolster Britain’s electric vehicle, charging infrastructure, with the first £70 million allocated for 3000 charge stations. The Treasury also highlights that these improved rapid charge points can take as little as 20 minutes to recharge a family vehicle, compared to the existing technologies which recharge vehicles in a time frame, no less than 40 minutes. This improved short recharge time has made the reality of driving electric cars in the foreseeable future easier and more realistic for individuals across the country.

The Department for business, Energy and Industrial Strategy is also planning on undertaking vital investments into green technology, pushing forward approaches to remove greenhouse gases from the air. Over the next decade £22 million will be rolled out in order to minimise emerging indoor and outdoor pollutants, such as air fresheners and cleaning products, minimising the long-term effects on public health. Furthermore, by investing £47 million into cleaner food systems, there is also a hope to transform UK diets to be healthier, therefore decreasing obesity levels. In order to achieve this goal, sustainable changes must be made, in production, manufacturing, retail and consumption levels.

Looking back, who could have predicted that technological breakthrough would have transformed the NHS into what is described by doctors and health professions as a ‘different world’. Professor H. Stokes Lampard, predicts future GP surgeries will be more technically advanced than they are today. AI (artificial intelligence) is the new cutting edge of technology, best known for developing drugs to combat diseases and long-term illnesses. Furthermore, Professor stokes believes that biological technology will be the driver of the future NHS, as where the human brain fails, machines will take over, providing a more precise and efficient procedures.

Fintech revolution has been transforming the banking system as we know it, and it is rational to proclaim, bankers of the future will hold different characteristics of bankers today. The world bank reports that over the last 5 years 700 million individuals transferred from non-banking backgrounds to being banked. CitiBank UK estimates that over the next decade, 30% of banking jobs will disappear. This brings about serious consequences not only as a direct job loss but also in the related economy, as the government will have to roll out more benefits for those unemployed. As a result, taxes will be increased and tension will rise amongst tax paying citizens. However, reports show that Fintech is working with the government to formulate future policies and methods in which the broader community will adapt to the new innovative system.

In conclusion, by 2050 every industry of the economy will have been transformed by technical innovations, improving efficiency and economic welfare. It is important that the UK Educational System need to introduce Fintech to Financial and business courses, including coding and product and development. This is essential for the growth of our economy, as reports show that those who shape the future will hold specialist skills in creative analysing, designing and programming. The children who started education in 2015 will be a vital part of the labour force by 2030; will they be ready for the world of work? Similarly, the young people who have started working now, will retire by 2060. Do they have the skills and knowledge to prosper as technology advances within their chosen occupations?

An aunty of mine, who was going overseas to the Philippines to visit her family was in a desperate state when she realised her passport had expired. This meant that she would not be able to travel and would not be able to do what she had planned for sometime. And I wondered why this passport and the absence of it, could be the cause of so much desperation.

Was it because it had ensured admission to a doorway and realised it was just that But whilst a passport gave us admission into visiting a new country , our lives did not change for the better and never would.

But Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that we have within our very own hands a passport to a better future, that will take us to the realms unknown and unconquered and that passport, is education. Education is not memorising that the Nazi’s killed 6 Million Jews. Education is understanding how millions of ordinary Germans were convinced that it was the right thing to do. True Education is learning how to spot the signs of history repeating itself. True education is our passport to the world future. True education can transform entire nations and people across the world.

One of the primary purposes of education is to develop character. However, education at this moment, fails to teach us how to build character or to be human. Ladies and gentlemen, without character a man is nothing but a beast, a mere organism, just existing selfishly without any values and ethical sense. It fails to teach us compassion, sympathy or empathy.

As the educational system continues to grow, the purpose of education gradually begin to vanish and begins to be replaced by monotonous routines and pointless activities. Education is about drawing out the best in our students. But does it really do that? It simply stuffs more facts inside of you, and forces you to throw it up on a test thinking that whatever grade you get, will determine success.

today, people will not be hired by how many facts that they’ve memorised, they will be hired because of the things that they can do with their knowledge. If they can creatively solve a real world problem or an everyday problem. Because in the near future, we will need more people who can think creatively, innovatively, critically, and with passion and compassion to become peacemakers and healers of this world.

Which makes us realise that there are skills that student need to learn that are currently being ignored. Education needs to strike a proper balance between inner and outer emotional and practical aspects of one’s personality and life.

Students should be taught how to handle the harshness of life, learning how to deal with adversity, from being bullied, to being doubted by others, or even yourself. If Harvard studies suggest that the biggest predictor for success is self-control and emotional health, then why aren’t students taught how to handle depression, stress, anxiety, or rejection?

Education must further mould Students to develop their own unique voice, instead of staying silent Albert Einstein once said, everybody is a genius, but if you judge a fish by it ability to climb a tree, it will live it whole life believing that it is stupid. Millions of students, can relate to that fish. Afraid, if raising their hand, avoiding the teachers eye, believing that they are worthless.

Education must create an environment for students that will allow them to become comfortable of sharing their opinion, thoughts and feelings as well as boosting their self esteem. Just imagine a student in the back of the classroom, afraid of raising their hand for the fear of being wrong. But inside of them they have a passion, and if nurtured and brought out, will lead them to unleash a gift to grow into a position of leadership. Ladies and gentlemen, we need to address this passion and bring it out to fruition.

Despite the drawbacks in Australia’s educational system, we should still have faith in our students and teachers. Teachers are the heroes that are getting blamed, but they are not the problem, because they work in a system that doesn’t have many option and rights. Our educational system needs to move forward and upgrade to a create a future for students that doesn’t yet exist.

One way to do this, is to implement certain aspects of the Finnish educational system. Finland is doing extraordinary things. Its secret, is that they have shorter school days, homework is non existent and most importantly, they focus more on collaboration instead of competition.

If our government is willing to make a change for a better future, students from across Australia will finally be able to see the beauty of truly learning and will once again develop unique human intelligence to shape a sustainable and peaceful society for all . Because although students are 15% of Australia’s population, they are 100% of our countries future.

Traditional businesses must modernize their physical storefronts and deliver a better customer experience to thrive in this e-commerce era, as online shopping continues to dominate retail trends. Companies that invest in the future supermarket have a better chance of succeeding in Omnichannel retail. Customers will be motivated to visit physical grocery stores if the supermarket of the future provides customer-centric services and greater product knowledge. To save users time, the future supermarket will need to automate a lot of manual activities. Buyers can be given product information via electronic smart screens that can be exhibited in stores.

This might also be tailored for each client using a data collecting system such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM), which would have recorded the customer’s buying habits and preferences (Fairhurst, 2001).

Customers would not need to visit a physical checkout point because the supermarket would use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. A smart supermarket cart with a computerized payment gateway will be used to recognize a user, the quantity, and the price of items purchased after passing by a sensor device located in the store. In the packaging area, customers could get payment info on their Cart Identification Number (Chandrasekar and Sangeetha, 2014).

In the future, the supermarket will feature a smart shopping list that all customers can access via their smartphones (Jayawilal and Premeratne, 2017Users will be able to see if the units are sold in other retailers or localities.

The supermarket of the future will need to inspire shoppers and provide a better overall experience. The traditional paper tags will be replaced by an electronic tags that will be developed and updated in real-time. This can also help with demand pricing, such as offering discounts on overstocked or near-expiration commodities. This would allow the retailer to make personalized offers based on a customer’s profile, recent purchases, and current location inside the store. Buyer interactions will be simplified both in-store and digitally (Ebner, 2021). Customers should be able to see if the products can be sold in other stores or at a different location.

In the future supermarket, shoppers have to be motivated and have a smoother experience. Electronic tags will be generated and updated regularly, obviating the need for printed tags. This can also help with demand pricing, such as offering discounts on excess inventory or near-expired commodities. This would enable the retailer to make personalized services based on a customer’s profile, recent purchases, and current location inside the store. Customers will be able to interact with you more easily in-store and online (Ebner, 2021).

Customers will be informed of the price of the product and will be able to match them to similar products using digital price tags

Marketers can reach customers based on their physical location, either online or offline, using location-based marketing. About the retailer’s location, marketing teams may select their audience based on local happenings as well as other criteria (Tussyadiah, 2012).

To develop better-tailored advertisements, this type of marketing combines geo-targeting and location-specific data. Brands have become easier to discover as a result of location-based mobile marketing, and they’ve effectively integrated it into a bigger focused marketing strategy that includes social platforms, push alerts, email lists, and outdoor advertising (Banerjee and Dholakia, 2008). Both vendors and customers accept destination-based marketing; however, privacy, secrecy, and fairness issues have been raised regarding firms tracking where their purchasers are at all times.

The future of work is one of the most discussed and debated topic of today. In this technology driven world, what impact automation technology like artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics will have on jobs, skills, and wages in the coming future. A new set of ideas and trends have emerged to create a new kind of industrial revolution. Automation and ‘thinking machines’ are replacing human tasks and jobs, and changing the skills that organizations are looking for in their people. These momentous changes raise huge organizational, talent and HR challenges – at a time when business leaders are already wrestling with unprecedented risks, disruption and political and societal upheaval.

In 2018, 41% of companies have fully implemented or have made significant progress in adopting cognitive, AI and robotics 77% of these companies believe technology is creating ‘better jobs’, and only 20% see job reductions. 50% are retraining workers to work side by side with machines, and 67% of employees believe they must continuously reskill themselves to stay in their career, and 58% believe they will have a new career within five years.

Gazing into the future may seem speculative, or even whimsical, because experience tells us that predictions about what the world will look like years from now are destined to be inaccurate. But what if, backed with extensive and robust research, an assessment of the labor market of the future could serve as a basis for a debate around the challenges and opportunities individuals and businesses are likely to face?

This kind of exercise has never been more relevant as we seek to make sense of the future in a landscape of rapid and profound change. For example, the potential disruptive impact on jobs of advances in robotics, artificial intelligence and 3D printing is a focus for fierce debate. As the fourth industrial revolution unfolds, companies are seeking to harness new and emerging technologies to reach higher levels of efficiency of production and consumption, expand into new markets, and compete on new products for a global consumer base composed increasingly of digital natives. Yet in order to harness the transformative potential of the fourth industrial revolution, business leaders across all industries and regions will increasingly be called upon to formulate a comprehensive workforce strategy ready to meet the challenges of this new era of accelerating change and innovation. If current trends run a steady path, in 2030 the workforce will be multi-generational, older, and more international, with women playing a stronger role. While the highly skilled will push for a better work-life balance, many others will experience increasing insecurity of employment and income. As businesses shrink their workforces to a minimum using flexibly employed external service providers to cover shortfalls, a much smaller group of employees will be able to enjoy long-term contracts.

Many commentators focus on technology and the role that automation is predicted to have on jobs and the workplace. We believe the real story is far more complicated. This is less about technological innovation and more about the manner in which humans decide to use that technology. The potential for digital platforms and AI to underpin and grow the world of work is unbounded. They already play an essential role in the development of all four worlds of work, matching skills to employer, capital to investor and consumer to supplier. This platform layer brings a digital value chain and commoditization and automation of the back office – but comes with warnings. While it can create a thriving marketplace, it can grow to take over the entire economic system. And with platform pervasiveness come vulnerability to cyber-attacks or wide-scale manipulation. Assisted intelligence, widely available today, improves what people and organizations are already doing. A simple example, prevalent in cars today, is the GPS navigation program that offers directions to drivers and adjusts to road conditions. Augmented intelligence, emerging today, helps people and organizations to do things they couldn’t otherwise do. For example, car ride-sharing businesses couldn’t exist without the combination of programs that organize the service. Autonomous intelligence, being developed for the future, establishes machines that act on their own. An example of this will be self-driving vehicles, when they come into widespread use. Some optimists believe AI could create a world where human abilities are amplified as machines help mankind process, analyze, and evaluate the abundance of data that creates today’s world, allowing humans to spend more time engaged in high-level thinking, creativity, and decision-making.

The four worlds of work in 2030 according to a report by PWC will be:

• The yellow world humans. Social-first and community businesses prosper. Crowd-funded capital flows towards ethical and blameless brands. There is a search for meaning and relevance with a social heart. Artisans, makers and ‘new worker guilds’ thrive. Humanness is highly valued.
• The red world innovation rules. Organizations and individuals race to give consumers what they want. Innovation outpaces regulation. Digital platforms give outsized reach and influence to those with a winning idea. Specialists and niche profit makers flourish.
• The green world companies’ care. Social responsibility and trust dominate the corporate agenda with concerns about demographic changes, climate and sustainability becoming key drivers of business.
• The blue world corporate is king. Big company capitalism rules as organizations continue to grow bigger and individual preferences trump beliefs about social responsibility.

It’s clear that automation will result in a massive reclassification and rebalancing of work. Some sectors and roles, even entire sections of the workforce will lose out but others will be created. Automation will not only alter the types of jobs available but their number and perceived value. By replacing workers doing routine, methodical tasks, machines can amplify the comparative advantage of those workers with problem-solving, leadership, EQ (emotional intelligence), empathy and creativity skills. Those workers performing tasks which automation can’t yet crack, become more pivotal – and this means creativity, innovation, imagination, and design skills will be prioritized by employers.

Governments, organizations and society should work together to develop a responsible approach and policies that govern the impact of technology and automation on jobs – including a clear discussion on the ethics of AI. Governments should engage with organizations developing the use of robotics and AI at all stages of policy making, to create a pool of thought leaders with a deep understanding of the interplay between technology and its effect on society. Empathy, creativity, and human skills are more important than ever. Our job is to design our organizations and jobs to empower people and the customer experience.

The world is changing at a more rapid pace than ever before. Technology is altering the way that we live, work and play and AI are no longer for tomorrow’s world. With the such fast-paced change, schools are challenged with the task of preparing students for an uncertain future.

Key to this issue is identifying the challenges facing the world of today, what employers are seeking and how we can prepare young people for the future.

Technology is shifting the landscape of the workforce significantly. Our future will be shaped largely by advancements in machine learning. Changes to the way we work, however, are not limited to the use of technology. A study of over 10,000 people in 5 countries uncovered 4 other megatrends including demographic shifts, rapid urbanization, shifts in global economic power, and resource scarcity & climate change. It is predicted that each of these factors along with technology will create a workforce shift and create new jobs (PWC). Predicting the future is precarious, however, insights into possible scenarios provide us with a platform to help shape thinking and action in this space. In a report by Waterhouse Cooper (PWC) 4 likely future worlds have been described. A blue world dominated by capitalism where consumerism rules, workers are pushed to their limit and the gap between rich and poor grows. A red world that is ripe for innovation, where organizations and individuals race to give consumers what they want but innovation outpaces regulation and there is high risk. A green world where social responsibility and trust drive business and a yellow world where humanness is valued and social and community ventures flourish (PWC). It is highly likely that elements of all four of these worlds will exist in some way by 2030. Although we cannot be certain of the future, we do know that some of these elements in the blue and green worlds already exist and it will be up to today’s young people to shape future directions.

While some of this may seem years away, we can see change already taking place around us across multiple job sectors. Over the past 25 years, we have lost 400,000 laborers, 500,000 secretaries, clerks, and 100,000 machinery workers. On the other hand, we have gained 700,000 professionals and 400,000 workers in community services (2016, 2017 FYA). There has clearly been a consistent move away from roles with lower skills to those that involve interpersonal contact and higher-order skills. (2017 FYA). Further change is coming and it is estimated that over the next 10 years, 40% of jobs will be highly impacted by automation (2017 FYA). These momentous changes raise huge organisational challenges however they also provide massive opportunities which are already being realized (PWC paper). For example, automated assistants and chatbots are bringing about change in customer service and communication, intelligent financial technology is providing a more efficient and accountable finance sector and autonomous vehicles will revolutionize defense, security, and transport (CSIRO paper AI).

This fast-paced change in the workforce has a significant impact on young people. Young people are finding it more difficult to enter the workplace as they do not possess the skills required. The Foundation predicts that at present, 70% of young people are entering jobs that will be radically affected by automation. Increasing innovation across economies supports the rising need for people entering the workforce to contribute both technical skills as well as soft skills (OECD, 2017). This is evident in the shift in skills required in job advertisements between 2012-2016. The proportion of job advertisements requiring ‘critical thinking’ rose by 158%, ‘teamwork’ by 19%, and ‘creativity’ by 65% (FYA, 2016). Importantly, young people who have such skills gain employment 17 months faster than those who do not (ATAR paper, FYA 2018). To meet this demand, jobs of the future will require higher-order skills and most will require post-school qualifications, so all young people need to be prepared for a lifetime of learning after school. (ATAR, A case for change, 2019).

The Skills Required

It is clear that the world we are now moving towards requires different skills from those of the past. In a longitudinal study of over 14,000 young people between 15 – 25 years old, using the longitudinal survey of youth data, 50% of young people believed they did not have the appropriate education to gain employment. This is also evident in those young people who have found work. One in four of university graduates report that they were not using their skills or education in their current employment (FYA 2018). This signifies a disparity between the education young people are receiving and the skills required for employment. This is further exacerbated by the reliance on ATAR for students to enter the tertiary study. Many students consider the achievement of a ‘good ATAR’ to be the goal of education, leading some young people to abandon their real interests to focus on achieving a score. This approach puts emphasis on achieving a high average in all subjects and fails to allow for recognition of students who excel in certain areas while performing adequately in others (ATAR 2019). The result creates a mismatch between young people’s aspirations and their outcomes and lost talent. Importantly, this number is not a reliable predictor of success in a future world where both deep content knowledge, as well as application of knowledge, is important.

So what are the skills that are required to thrive in a future world? There is no certainty as to what skills will be required in the future, however current shifts in the workplace provide us with a good indication that soft skills are in high demand (FYA, PWC). Additionally, we know that the world of work is becoming more agile and that technology and AI are on the rise. Where we are working to develop technology or work alongside it, human skills will be vital. Economists predict that machines will struggle to automate problem-solving, creative, and social intelligence tasks (FYA 2016). In a recent report by Firebrand, Aquent & Vitamin T (2019) who surveyed 2379 employees, 94% of those surveyed said that skills such as problem-solving, collaboration, adaptivity, emotional intelligence, and creativity are of equal importance or more to hard skills. They forecast that over the next 3-5 years adaptivity and emotional intelligence will become even more in demand. In fact, finding employees with the skills required to work in a future-focused environment has become one of the largest challenges for CEOs (PWC) with problem-solving, adaptability, collaboration, leadership, creativity, and innovation most desired. In order to acquire employees with these skills 52% of CEOs are exploring how machines and humans can work together and 39% are also already considering the impact of AI on the skills their company requires for the future. It is clear that workplaces are already acutely aware of the skills required to be successful and thriving.

Young people feel they are not prepared to meet the skill demand in the workforce and this provides a clear role for education to address these challenges. According to recent PISA results, one-third of 15-year-olds are not proficient in problem-solving, financial literacy, or digital literacy (PISA). Furthermore, only 1 in 10 teachers have recently participated in professional development to help students develop generic, transferable skills for the future workplace (FYA 2017). FYA (2017) suggests that we can better prepare young people for this world by rethinking the curriculum and how we teach it, developing teacher capacity, and partnering with employers. The Catalyst Lab Innovation program is working to effectively prepare young people for their future by leading the identification, shaping, and development of innovations and cutting-edge reforms that will ensure NSW schools and teachers and students have the knowledge skills, and abilities to prosper in the 21st century.